MODERN INDIAN HISTORY PART_5भारतीय आधुनिक इनतहास भाग_5

Cripps Mission (23 March 1942)ØThis mission was headed by Sir Stafford Cripps, a member of the British Cabinet, to find out a solution in consultation with the Indian leaders. इस मिशन का नेतृत म्मिश कैमिनेि के एक सदस सर सैटैफो म्र ने मकया था, जै भारतीय के परािशो से सिाधान खैजने के मिए था।ØThe Cripps Mission was an attempt in late March 1942 by the British

Government to secure full Indian Cooperation and support for their efforts in the Second World War. म्र मिशन िारो 1942 के अंत िे म्मिश सरकार दारा मदतीय मिश युद िे उनके पयासै ंके मिए पूरो भारतीय सहयैग और सिथोन हामसि करने का एक पयास था।

Ø Mahatma Gandhi ji called the proposals “a post – dated cheque”.Ø िहाता गांधीजी ने प्ािै ंकै "एक उतर मदनांमकत रेक" कहा।Ø Both Congress and Muslim League rejected this proposal.Ø कांगेस और िुस्ि िीग दैनै ंने इस प्ाि कै खाररज कर मदया।

Quit India Movement (August 1942)Ø In August 1942,Gandhiji launched the “Quit India Movement”. अग् 1942 िे, गांधीजी ने "भारत छैडै आंदैिन" शुर मकया।ØA resolution was passed on 8 August 1942 in Bombay by the All India

Congress Committee, declaring its demand for an immediate and permanent freedom from British rule.

असखि भारतीय कांगेस किेिी दारा 8 अग् 1942 कै िंिई िे एक प्ाि पाररत मकया गया था, मजसिे म्मिश शासन से तताि और सथायी सतंतता की िांग की घैषरा की गई थी।

ØThe Congress decided to organize a mass struggle on non – violent lines on the widest possible scale.

कांगेस ने वापक पैिाने पर अमहंसक आधार पर एक जन संघषो आयैमजत करने का मनरोय मिया।ØGandhi ji’s slogan of “Do or Die”(Karo ya Maro) inspired the nation

Every one started mobilizing the people. गांधीजी के "करै या िरै" के नारे ने राष् कै पेररत मकया, सभी ने िैगै ंकै िाििंद करना शुर कर मदया।

ØIn some places, people even set up their independent government.

कुछ सथानै ंपर तै िैगै ंने अपनी सतंत सरकार भी सथामपत कर िी।ØThe movement was most widespread in U.P., Bihar, Bengal,

Bombay, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh. यह आंदैिन उतर पदेश, मिहार, िंगाि, िॉमे, उडीसा और आंध पदेश िे सिसे वापक था।

ØPlaces such as Ballia, Tamluk, Satara were freed from British rule and the people there formed their own government.

Øिमिया, तििुक, सतारा जैसे सथानै ंकै म्मिश शासन से िुक कर मदया गया और िहां के िैगै ंने अपनी सरकार िना िी

ØThe few leader who had escaped arrest went into hiding and tried to guide the mass movement.

Ø कुछ नेता जै मगरफारी से िर गए थे, मछप गए और जन आंदैिन का िागोदशोन करने की कैमशश की।

ØAmong them were Jai Prakash Narayan, S.M. Joshi, Aruna Asaf Ali, Ram Manohar Lohia, Achyut Patwardhan and Sucheta Kriplani.

Cabinet Mission (24 March 1946)ØThe British Cabinet Mission of 1946 sent to India aimed to

discuss and plan for the transfer of power from the British Government to Indian leadership, providing India with total Independence.Ø1946 के म्मिश कैमिनेि मिशन ने भारत कै पूरो सतंतता पदान करते

हए, म्मिश सरकार से भारतीय नेतृत कै सता के ह्ांतरर के मिए रराो करने और यैजना िनाने के उदेद से भारत भेजा।

Ø At that time Prime Minister of England was Clement Attlee.Ø उस सिय इंग्फ के पधानिंती केिेि एििी थे।Ø The Viceroy of India was Lord Wavell.Ø भारत के िायसराय िॉफो िेिेि थे।

ØMember of Cabinet Mission - कैनििेट निशि के सदस (1) Lord Pauthick Lawrence िॉफो पॉमथक िॉरेस (2) Sir Stafford Cripps सर सैटैफो म्र (3) A.V. Alexander ए.िी. मसकंदर

Attlee Declaration (20 February 1947)

ØThe Prime Minister of Britain Clement Attlee declared on February 20, 1947 in the House of Commons that India would be given complete independence before 30 June 1948. म्िेन के पधान िंती केिेि एििी ने 20 टरिरी, 1947 कै हाउस ऑट कॉिन िे घैषरा की मक भारत कै 30 जून 1948 से पहिे पूरो सतंतता दी जाएगी।ØHe also announced the appointment of Lord Mountbatten as

Viceroy in place of Lord Wavell.

Ø उ न ् ह ै ं न े ि ॉ र ् फ ि े ि े ि क े स ् थ ा न प र ि ॉ र् फ ि ा उ ं ि ि े ि न क ै ि ा य स र ा य न म य ु क ् त क र ने क ी भ ी घ ै ष र ा क ी ।Mountbatten Plan (3 June 1947)

Ø A declaration of the government of Great Britain on June 3,1947, that provided for India should be divided into two states that would be granted the rights of dominions. जून 3,1947 कै गेि म्िेन की सरकार की एक घैषरा, जै भारत के मिए पदान की गई थी, कै दै राजै ंिे मिभामजत मकया जाना रामहए मजने पभुत के अमधकार मदए जाएंगे।

Ø The plan was implemented by the Viceroy of India, Mountbatten. यह यैजना भारत के िायसराय िाउंििेिन दारा िागू की गई थी।

Ø According to the Mountbatten Plan, India was divided into two states a Hindu state - Hindustan and a Muslim state - Pakistan.

Ø िाउंििेिन यैजना के अनुसार, भारत कै दै राजै ंिे मिभामजत मकया गया था एक महंदू राज - महंदु्ान और एक िुस्ि राज - पामक्ान।

Ø Both state received the rights of a dominion.Ø दैनै ंराजै ंकै एक पभुत का अमधकार पार था।Ø On August 15,1947 the partition was completed, and both states were

declared dominions.Ø 15 अग् 1947 कै मिभाजन पूरा हआ और दैनै ंराजै ंकै पभुत घैमषत मकया गया।

ØSubsequently the Mountbatten Plan was confirmed by the king of Great Britain as the statute on the Independence of India.

Ø इसके िाद गेि म्िेन के राजा दारा िाउंििेिन यैजना की भारत की सतंतता पर कानून के रप िे पुमष की गई।

SOCIAL RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS/सािानिक धानिमक आंदोलि

Socio-Religious Movements of IndiaMovement/Organisation Founder Year PlaceAtmiya Sabha Raja Ram Mohan Roy 1815 BengalFarazis Movement Shariat Ullah 1818 DelhiTariqah-i-Muhammadiyah Titu Mir 1820 BengalYoung Bengal Movement Henry Vivian Derozio 1826 BengalBrahmo Samaj Raja Ram Mohan Roy 1829 BengalDharma Sabha Radhakant Dev 1830 BengalTatvabodhini Sabha Debendranath Tagore 1834 BengalNirankari Movement Baba Dayal Das 1840 PunjabParamhansa Mandali Dadoba Pandurang 1849 Bombay

Socio-Religious Movements of India3Movement/Organisation Founder Year PlaceRahanumai Mazdyasan Sabha Dada Bhai Naoroji 1851 BombayParsi Religious Reform Association

Furdunji Naoroji and S.S. Bengalee 1851 Bombay

Namdhari Movement Baba Ram Singh 1857 PunjabRadhaswami Satsang Tulsi Ram (Shiv Dayal Saheb) 1861 AgraBrahmo Samaj of India Keshav Chandra Sen 1866 BengalDeoband Movement Mahmud-ul-Hasan 1866 DeobandPrathna Samaj Dr Atmaram Pandurang 1867 BombaySatyashodhak Samaj Mahatma Jyotirao Phule 1873 Pune

Singh SabhaThakur Singh Sandhawalia and Giani Gian Singh 1873 Amritsar

Arya Samaj Swami Dayanand 1875 Punjab & Sind

Socio-Religious Movements of IndiaMovement/Organisation Founder Year Place

Theosophical Society H.P. Blavatsky & Col. Olcott 1875New York/Madras

Sadharan Brahmo Samaj Anand Mohan Bose 1878 BengalDeccan Education Society G.G. Agarkar 1884 PuneAligarh Movement Sir Syed Ahmed Khan 1886 AligarhIndian National Social Conference M.G. Ranade 1887 IndiaDev Samaj Shivnarayan Agnihotri 1887 LahoreEzhava Movement Sri Narayan Guru 1888 KeralaAhmediya Movement Mirza Ghulam Ahmad 1889 PunjabRam Krishna Math Swami Vivekananda 1897 BelurServants of India Society Gopal K Gokhale 1905 Bombay

Socio-Religious Movements of IndiaMovement/Organisation Founder Year Place

Theosophical Society H.P. Blavatsky & Col. Olcott 1875New York /Madras

Pune Seva SadanRamabai Ranade & G.K. Deodhar 1909Pune

Ahrar MovementMaulana Muhammad Ali and Hakim Ajmal Khan 1910UP

Social Service League N.M. Joshi 1911BombaySeva Samiti H.N.Kunjru 1914

Justice MovementC.N. Mudaliar, T.M. Nair and P. Tyagaraja Chetti 1915Madras

Gurudwara Reform Movement SGPC 1920PunjabMahar Movement Babasaheb Ambedkar 1920BombaySelf Respect Movement E. V. Ramaswamy 1925Tamil NaduRashtriya Swayam Sevak Sangh Dr Baliram Hedgewar 1925Nagpur