Stress & Anxiety Reduction - 1 of 4 - Mindfulness Training Online
Mindfulness. Aims of this session Introduction to mindfulness How it helps depression and anxiety...
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Transcript of Mindfulness. Aims of this session Introduction to mindfulness How it helps depression and anxiety...
Mindfulness
Aims of this session Introduction to mindfulness
How it helps depression and anxiety
Relaxation exercise
Research
Questions
Interactive
History of mindfulness
Practised in both Eastern and Western religions and philosophies.
Modern society also aware of it through Yoga, Tai Chi, Qi Gong, Meditation and Sport training.
What is mindfulness?
Full mind on what is happening now
Awareness
Noticing whats happening without commenting
Attentiveness to this moment
Simply being present
Qualities of Mindfulness Spaciousness
Feeling at ease
Benefits of mindfulness
Stepping back to allow a objective view of the internal or external experience.
Spontaneously produce insight into ones behaviour, allowing lasting change.
Depression and Anxiety
Internal and external stimuli trigger a response.
The physical, mental and emotional aspects feed off each other, eg thought of vulnerability – fear – hyperventilation
Hopelessness – sadness – tiredness
Habitual Patterns
Habitual patterns
Conditioning of present response by past events
A bad experience as a child produces a unconscious, and disproportionate fear response as an adult , eg fear of dogs
Depression follows an often well travelled, previously conditioned train of thought, spiralling down to despair. Disproportionate to the present stimulus.
Relaxation exercise
Stop thinking for a while Thinking is necessary for anxiety and
depression to persist.
Withdrawing thought starves the negative pattern of “fuel”, resulting in cessation.
Perseverance and practise are needed for success.
How to relax Put attention into the body and sustain attention there. E.g. the breath.
Double benefit of abdominal breath awareness for anxious people.
Frequent, short periods, at least to begin with.
To fit in with the persons lifestyle
Teaching awareness exercises Quick and easy, fits into a ten minute consultation.
Adjunct to other treatment.
Build a new resource for the future.
Try it now.
Information sheet.
Doing it
Sit comfortably. Hand over solar plexus. Close eyes. Notice the hand, notice the rising and falling. Follow the downward motion of the out breath
down towards the feet. Notice sounds, light, the body . If one starts thinking return attention to the hand. Open your eyes when ready.
Make it a new habit Lying in bed, sitting with a cup of tea etc.
Not when ones attention is needed elsewhere eg driving.
2-3 minutes, stop when one’s enjoying it.
Do it several times a day ideally.
Re-focusing ones mental energy, mindfulness will eventually enter activities without trying.
What is going on in the world of mindfulness? Jon Kabat-Zinn UMMS Full Catastrophe
Living (1990) http://www.umassmed.edu/cfm/
Bangor university. http://www.bangor.ac.uk/mindfulness/
Oxford university, Prof Mark Williams
http://cebmh.warne.ox.ac.uk/csr/mbct.html
What is going on in the world of mindfulness? Mindfulness based stress reduction
(MBSR)
mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) http://mbct.co.uk/
Endorsed by NICE.
Research (i)
Randomised clinical trial [Kabat-Zinn, Wheeler, et al 1998] Psychosomatic Medicine, 60, 625-32
Patients with moderate to severe psoriasis undergoing phototherapy(UVB) or photochemotherapy (PUVA)
Listened to guided meditation tapes while receiving the ultraviolet light treatments
Healed at approximately four times the rate of subjects receiving just the light treatments
Research (ii)
Kabat-Zinn, J., Massion, A.O., Kristeller, J., et al. (1992)
Effectiveness of a meditation-based stress reduction program in the treatment of anxiety disorders
American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 936-943
Research(iii)
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT)
8-week MBSR course with added elements of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
Professor Mark Williams, Dr John Teasdale, and Professor Zindel Segal
to address the problem of relapse and recurrence in clinical depression.
(iii-continued) randomisation to continue with treatment as usual
or, in addition, to receive MBCT (Teasdale et al., 2000).
RCT, 145 recovered (but recently and recurrently depressed) patients in the community
the following year, for those with 3 or more previous episodes of depression, MBCT treatment significantly reduced relapse from 66% (control group) to 37% (treatment group). These results have recently been replicated in another, as yet unpublished, RCT (Ma and Teasdale, 2002).
The Future locally.
? Set up a mindfulness training programme.
? Set up a mindfulness group for health professionals and/or patients.