Mill Level I

INTRODUCTION

Modul Praktikum CNC Level I

BAGIAN II

CNC MILLING MACHINE

COMPOSITION

OF A PART

PROGRAM

MAIN PROGRAM STRUCTUREBLOCK

CONFIGURATION

TOOL

FUNCTION

TOOL

COMPENSATION

(TOOL OFFSET)

SPINDLE SPEED

FUNTION

(CUTTING SPEED)

G CODES

G40

G41

G42

(CUTTERCOMPENSATION)

G CODESG73 -G89

(CANNED

CYCLES)

G CODES

G73

(HIGH SPEED

PECK DRILLING)G CODESG74

(COUNTER

TAPPING)

G CODESG76

(FINE BORING)

G CODESG81

(DRILLING

SPOT BORING)

G CODES

G82

(DRILLING -COUNTER

BORING)G CODES -

G83

(DEEP HOLE

PECK DRILLING)G CODES -

G84

(TAPPING)G CODES

G85

(BORING)

G CODESG86

(BORING)

(BORINGG CODESG87

(BACK

BORING)

G CODES

G89

(BORING)

(BORING)G CODES

PROGRAM

EXAMPLE

USING CANNED

CYCLES

GENERAL LAYOUT OFFANUC OPERATOR

CONTROL PANEL

The software controlled keys are used to select the options shown directly above each key on the display screen.CONTROL PANELQUICK REFERENCE DIAGRAM

FANUC DATA

INPUT PANEL

LEFTHAND SIDE FANUC

OPERATORS PANEL

MAIN FANUC

OPERATORS PANEL

MAIN FANUC

OPERATORS PANEL

SUMMARY of CNC MILL INSTRUCTIONS

A. G CODE

G00 Fast TraverseA G00 the tool to move to the specified position at the maximum speed.

Example:G00 X20 Y30 Z1 ( Here the tool is moved to X 20mm, Y 30mm, and Z 1mm.G01 Linier TraverseA G01 causes linear motion to the given position.

Example:G21

G01 X20 Y30 Z-1 F180 ( Here the tool is moved to X 20 mm, Y 30 mm, and Z -1 mm at a federate of 180mm per minute.

G02 Clockwise CircularG02 causes clockwise circular motion. Arcs can be specified by either radius or by centre. If a positive radius is specified then the shorter arc is cut. If it negative then the longer arc is cut.

Example:G20 X30 Y20 R15 F80 ( In this example the tool is moved to X 30 mm and Y 20 mm. The arc has a radius of 15 mm.

I and J specify the arc centre relative to the arc start. If the value is 0 then it neednt be specified.

Example:G02 X30 I15G03 Counter-Clockwise CircularG03 causes counter-clockwise circular motion. Arcs can be specified by either radius or arc centre. If a positive radius is specified then the shorter arc is cut. If it is negative then the longer arc is cut.

Example:G03 X30 Y20 R15 F80 ( in this example the tool is moved to X 30mm and Y 20mm. The arc has a radius of 15 mm.

I and J specify the arc centre relative to the arc start. If the value is 0 then it neednt be specified.

Example:G03 X30 I15G04 DwellA Dwell of up to 500 seconds can be programmed.

Example:G04 X10 ( This causes a delay in machining of 10 seconds.

G20 Imperial UnitsAll future instruction parameters will be taken as imperial values. That is, they will specify inches.

G21 Metric UnitsAll future instruction parameters will be taken as metric values. That is, they will specify millimetres.

G28 Go to Reference PointA G28 causes a fast traverse to the specified position and then to the machine datum.

Example:G28 X84.0 Y80.0 Z5.0

G40 Cancel Tool Radius CompensationG40 switches off any tool radius compensation activated by a G41 or G42.

G41 Right Hand Radius CompensationG41 causes future movement to take place to the left of the programmed path. The offset used is equal to the radius of the current tool.

G42 Right Hand Radius CompensationG42 causes future movement to take place to the right of the programmed path. The offset used is equal to the radius of the current tool.

G85 Boring CycleExample:

G85 X1.0 Y1.0 Z-6.0 k1

X and Y are the next position to drill at.

Z is the base of the hole.

K is the number of repetitions, it defaults to 1.


G86 X1.0 Y1.0 Z-6.0 K1




G87 Back Boring CycleExample:

G87 X1.0 Y1.0 Z-6.0 P300 Q0.7 K1



P is 1000 times the delay in seconds.

Q is the shift value.



G89 X1.0 Y1.0 Z-6.0 P1000 K1





G91 Absolut MovementAll future movement will be absolute until over-ridden by a G91 instruction. This is the default setting.

Example:G90

G01 X30 Y0 ( The position becomes X30, Y0.

G91 Incremental MovementAll future movement will be incremental until over-ridden by a G90 instruction.

Example:G90

G01 X15

G91

G01 X2 ( The position becomes X17.

G92 Set DatumG92 sets the datum relative to the current position.

Example:G00 X30.0 Y40.0

G92 X10.0 Y10.0 ( makes the position that was X30 Y40 become X-10 Y-10.

G94 Per Minute FeedThe F value specifies the feed rate in millimetres, or inches, per minute.

G95 Per Revolution FeedThe F value is the ratio of feed rate to spindle speed. The feed rate is changed whenever the spindle changes.

Example: G95 S1200

G73 Fast Peck Drilling CycleExample:

G73 X1.0 Y1.0 Z-5.0 Q0.3 R1.0 K1



Q is the cut in value.

R is the R point level.


G74 Counter Tapping CycleExample:

G74 X1.0 Y1.0 Z-6.0 R1.0 P750 K1






G76 Fine Boring Cycle

Example:

G76 X1.0 Y1.0 Z-6.0 P700 Q0.6 K1




Q is the shift value.


G80 Cancel Canned Cycle

A G80 will cancel a canned cycle. A G00, G01, G02 or G03 will also cancel a canned cycle.

G81 Spot Boring Cycle

Example:

G81 X1.0 Y1.0 Z-6.0 K1




G82 Counter Boring Cycle

Example:

G82 X1.0 Y1.0 Z-6.0 P1000 K1





G83 Peck Drilling Cycle

Example:

G83 X1.0 Y1.0 Z-5.0 Q0.3 R1.0 K1



Q is the cut in value.



G84 Tapping Cycle

Example:

G84 X1.0 Y1.0 Z-6.0 R1.0 P750 K1






B. MCODE

M00 Program Stop

M00 waits for EOB to be pressed.

M02 End Of Program

M02 halt program execution.

The spindle is turned off and the tool moves to the most positive position on the Z axis.

M03 Start Spindle

An M03 instruction starts forward spindle motion. It requires a speed within the range 100 to 3000 rpm. The spindle should be switched on before any movement below the component surface.

Example: M03 S2200

M04 Reverse Spindle

An M04 instruction start reverses spindle motion. It requires a speed within the range 100 to 3000 rpm. The spindle should be switched on before any movement below the component surface.

Example: M04 S2200

M05 Stop Spindle

An M05 instruction stops spindle rotation. It is good programming practice to issue an M05 before a tool change, and at the end of a program. However this will be done automatically should you omit this instruction.

M06 Change Tool

The M06 instruction causes the Fanuc to change to a different tool. You can set tool lengths and diameters at the start of the program using the TOOLDEF directive.

Example: M06 T1

M08 Coolant On

M08 turns the coolant on.M09 Coolant OffM09 turns the coolant off.

M10/11 Work Clamp Open/Close

M10 opens the work clamp.

M11 closes the work clamp.

M13 Coolant, Spindle Fwd

M13 turns the coolant on and starts forward spindle motion.

Example: M13 S1000

M14 Coolant, Spindle Rev

M14 turns the coolant on and starts reverse spindle motion.

Example: M14 S1000

M19 Orientate Spindle

M19 orientates the spindle.

M20/21 ATC Arm In/Out

M20 moves the ATC arm in.M21 moves the ATC arm out.

M24/25 ATC Arm Clamping

M24 activates the ATC drawbar.

M25 releases the ATC drawbar.

M27 Reset Carousel

M27 can only be used in the control panel. The current carousel position is treated as position one.

M32/33 ATC Clw/Cclw

M32 rotate the ATC clockwise.

M33 rotates the ATC counter-clockwise.

M38/39 Door Open/Close

M38 opens the door.

M39 closes the door.

M62/63 Aux 1/2 On

M62 sets auxiliary output 1 on

M63 sets auxiliary output 2 on

M64/65 Aux 1/2 Off

M64 sets auxiliary output 1 off

M65 sets auxiliary output 2 off

M66/67 Wait for Aux 1/2

M66 waits for auxiliary input 1 to become on

M67 waits for auxiliary input 2 to become on

M70 X Mirror On

M70 sets X axis mirroring about the current X axis position

M71 Y Mirror On

M71 sets Y axis mirroring about the current Y axis position.

M76/77 Wait for Aux 1/2 LowM76 waits for auxiliary input 1 to become offM77 waits for auxiliary input 2 to become offM80 X Mirror Off

M80 disables X axis mirroring.

M81 Y Mirror Off

M81 disables Y axis mirroring.

M98 Subprogram

M98 causes another program to be executed.

The P value specifies the program number and the number of times to execute it.

The rightmost 4 digits are the program number. The digits to the left are the number of repetitions.

There can be up to 999 repetitions, if the value is omitted it is called once.Examples: M98 P12 and M98 P10012 ( both execute CNC program 12 once.M99 Subprogram Exit

Returns control to the program that called the current program. If a P value is specified then execution begins from the block with the same N number, otherwise it is from the block after the subprogram call.

If an M99 is specified in the main program then the execution is from the start of the block and finish on end of block of subprogram. Program end

Main program

Information

Units definition

(Matric or Imperial) and

Billet size for simulation

Program number

CAD/CAM software

Package informnation

The collection of G40, G41 and G42, codes allow the machine controller to produce very accurate arcs and tapers on the billet, by compensating for the tool radius.

Complex workplace shapes are therefore programmed with cutter compensation mode active. The radius of the tool (the offset amount) is measured, then entered into the offset file in the machine controller. Once set, the tool path can be offset by value, regardless of the program.

WORK POSITION AND MOVEMENT COMMAND

When tool nose radius compensation is required in a CNC program, the position of the billet in respect to the tool must be specified using the table bellow.

G CODEDIRECTIONTOOL PATHG40CANCELMOVEMENT ALONG PROGRAMMED PATHG41LEFT HANDMOVEMENT ON THE LEFT HAND SIDE OF THE PROGRAMED PATHG42RIGHT HANDMOVEMENT ON THE RIGHT HAND SIDE OF THE PROGRAMED PATH

The two diagrams bellow illustrates the direction of compensation codes G41 and G42, in relation to your eye level.

G41 LEFT HAND

G42 RIGHT HAND

CUTTER COMPENSATION START-UP

(G41 G42)

The operation instructing a machine to switch to cutter compensation mode is called the start-up block, or ramping on block. The start-up block, is used to allow the tool time to change from moving along the programmed path line to following either side of the programmed path line.

The start-up block should satisfy the following point:

A G41 or G42 code must contained in the block, or specified in the previous block.

A G01 X, Y, or X and Y move is specified in the block and the distance of the linear move must be greater than the tool radius.

The tool radius value, R, entered into the tool offsets table must not be 00.

NOTE 1.

A G02 or G03 circular interpolation command cannot be specified in the start-up block.

NOTE 2.

In cutter compensation start-up, two blocks are read into the machine controller. The first block is performed and the second block is entered and held in memory.

In subsequent compensation moves, two blocks are read in advance, so the machine controller has the block currently being performed and the next two blocks in memory.

This is because cutter compensation always needs to know what happens in the move following the one being currently performed. The machine controller can plan ahead to calculate the correct end position for the current move, that will also be the correct start position allowing for cutter compensation, for the next move.

NOTE 3.

The codes G40, G41 and G42 are modal, belonging to the same modal family. They are incompatible with each other on the same block.

CANCELLATION OF CUTTER COMPENSATION (G40)

The G40 code is used to cancel cutter compensation.

A G40 command can only be performed in a block in which a linier move (ie, G00, G01, G28) is programmed.

RETURN POINT LEVEL COMMAND MODES

The return point position of the tool (ie, to the initial Level, or the R Level) is specified by the codes G98 and G99, as shows below:

The initial level refers to the absolute value of the Z axis, at the time change from the positioning mode top the canned cycle mode.

AUTOMATIC OPERATION PANEL KEYS

Program Source:

[AUTO] - - Select to run program (Auto Mode).

[EDIT] - - Select to edit program (Edit mode).

[MDI] - - Select to manually key in G & M Codes out of program mode.

Operation Select:

[SINGL BLOCK] - - Allows single step execution of program.

[BLOCK DELETE]- - Select in edit mode to ignore block when running program (Activities / in front of block).

[OPT STOP] - - Used in conjunction with MO 1 to optionally stop program.

[DRY RUN] - - Runs programs through at jog feed rate.

[PRG TEST] - - Run program through ignoring all M codes.

[AXIS INHIBT] - - Runs program through with axes locked.

Execution:

[CYCLE START] - - Start program.

[CYCLE STOP] - - Stops program.

[PRG STOP] - - Stops program at end of current block.

..continued from previous page.

Axis/Direction - Press either [JOG] or [MPG] to operate.

[-X] - Movement in -X direction.

[+X] - Movement in + X direction.

[-Y] - Movement in -Y direction.

[+Y] - Movement in + Y direction.

[-Z] - Movement in -Z direction.

[+Z] - Movement in +Z direction.

[-4th] - Movement in -4th direction.

[+4th] - Movement in +4th direction.

[TRVRS] - - Rapid traverse (toggle switch).

Spindle:

[CW] - - Spindle movement clockwise.

[STOP] - - Spindle Stop.

[CCW] - - Spindle movement counter clockwise.

Coolant:

[CLNT ON] - - Coolant on.

[CLNT OFF] - - Coolant off.

[CLNT AUTO] - - Coolant operated by program.

FANUC MANUAL OPERATION PANEL KEYS.

Operation:

[HOME] - - Zeros machine around its own reference points.

[JOG] - - Moves axes around at feeds as set on override.

[INC JOG] - - Moves axes at 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1 Increments.

[MPG]- - Manual Pulse Generator (Electronic Handwheel Control).

[TEACH]- - Inputs actual machine position into program.

[OFSET MESUR]- - Tool offset setting mode.

Speed/Multiply:

[X 1] - - Multiplier selection for handwheel control MPG or INC JOG mode - x1.



[X 1K] - - Multiplier selection for handwheel control MPG or INC JOG mode - x1k.

[HIGH] - - Multiplier selection for handwheel control MPG or INC JOG mode - High.

[SPDL DEC] - - Spindle Decrease (Override of SPDL 100%), -10%.

[SPDL 100 %] - - Reverts spindle speed back to programmed value.

[SPDL INC] - - Spindle increase (Override of SPDL 100%), +10%.

The left hand side of the upper and lower Fanuc Operators panel contains a row of 5 + 2 switches, listed below from top to bottom:

Control:

[START CONTROL] - Green button to start the control system.

[CLOSE CONTROL] - Red button to close down the control system.

Automatic Tool Changer:

[SPINDLE CHAMP] - Spindle clamp operator, push to open, release to close.

[ATC CWW] - Carousel index counter clockwise by one position.

[ATC CW] - Carousel index clockwise by one position.

Override:

[AXIS LIMIT OVERRIDE] - Manual limit switch override.

[GUARD OVERRIDE] - Manual guard switch override.

The FANUC Handwheel, MPG (Manual Pulse Generator). Manual movements of Z, Y and Z axes when operating in handwheel mode.

Clockwise = Positive direction.

Counter clockwise = Negative direction.

[RESET] - Resets any alarm messages.

[HELP] - Obtain help when using MID keys.

[ADDRESS/NUMERIC] - Used to enter letters and numbers.

[SHIFT] - Pressing [SHIFT] followed by an address key will input the lower-right character on the address key. The character ^ is displayed to indicate that the lower-right character will be displayed.

[INPUT] - Used when data from the key input buffer needs writing to the offset register.

[CAN] - Deletes characters from the key input buffer.

[ALTER] - Edit program - alter character.

[INSERT] - Edit Program - insert character.

[DELETE] - Edit program - delete character.

[POS] [PROG] - Used to switch screens for each function.

[POS] - Displays current position.

[PROG] - Displays and edits a program stored in memory.

[OFFSET SETTING] - Displays offset values and data.

[SYSTEM] - Displays and sets a parameter and pitch error compensation value and displays self diagnostic data.

[MESSAGE] - Displays an alarm messages and data.

[CUSTOM GRAPH] - Displays graphical data.

[CURSOR RIGHT] - Moves cursor right, or forwards, in small units.

[CURSOR LEFT] - Moves cursor left, or backwards, in small units.

[CURSOR DOWN] - Moves cursor down, or forwards, in large units.

[CURSOR UP] - Moves cursor up, or backwards, in large units.

[PAGE UP] - Display the previous page.

[PAGE DOWN] - Display the next page.

THE TOOL IS POSITIONNED ON THE LEFT HAND SIDE OF THE PART, AS SEEN FOLLOWING THE DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT, FROM BEHIND THE TOOL

THE TOOL IS POSITIONNED ON THE RIGHT HAND SIDE OF THE PART, AS SEEN FOLLOWING THE DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT, FROM BEHIND THE TOOL

N0040 M06 T01;

N0050 G90 G00 X10 Y30 Z12 S1000 M03;

N0060 G99 G81 X10 Y30 Z-17 R2 F75;

N0070 Y10;

N0080 X30;

N0090 G98 Y30;

N0100 G99 X90;

N0110 Y10;

N0120 X110;

N0130 G98 Y30;

N0140 G91 G80 G28 X0 Y0 Z0 M05;

N0150 M06 T02;

N0160 G90 G00 X60 Y28 Z12 S750 M03;

N0170 G99 G83 X60 Y28 Z-17 Q6 R2 F60;

N0180 G98 Y12;

N0190 G91 G80 G28 X0 Y0 Z0 M05;

N0200 M30;Tool change.

Tool position to initial level.

Hole 1 retract R point.



Hole 4 retract initial level.





Home position spindle stop.

Tool change.

Tool position initial level.


Hole 10 retract initial level.

Home position spindle stop.

Program stop

There are three command modes for canned cycles, as follows:

Data format (G90 and G91).

Return Point Level (G98 and G99).

Cycle Mode: G73 to G89).

DATA FORMAT COMMAND MODELS

The data format used in canned cycles is specified by the codes G90 and G91, as shown below:

A canned cycle simplifies the program by replacing complex machining sequences, programmed by several blocks of information, with just one or two blocks.

Generally, a canned cycle consists of a sequence of six operations, as shown below:

Operation 1 - Positioning of the X and Y axes.

Operation 2 - Rapid traverse in the Z axis to the R point

Operation 3 - Hole machining procedure.

Operation 4 - Operation at bottom of hole.

Operation 5 - Retraction to R point.

Operation 6 - Rapid traverse in the Z axis to the initial level.

Hole position is performed in the X and Y axis hole machining is performed in the Z axis.

A G89 (Boring) command is written in the following format:

(G90) (G98)

or or G86 X__ Y__ Z__ P__ R__ F__;

(G91) (G99)

Please refer to page 48 for the variable definitions.

Sequence of moves:

Rapid position to X, Y and Z (the initial level).

Rapid traverse to R point level.

Feed to Z depth and dwell for value P.

Feed out to R point and rapid transverse to initial level for G98, or feed out to R point for G99.

.

The formatted for machining data in a canned cycle is written as follows:

(G90) (G98)

or or G__ X__ Y__ Z__ R__ P__ Q__ K__ F__;

(G91) (G99)

Where,

G__ is defined as the canned cycle.

X__ Y__ is defined as the hole position, in absolute or incremental value.

Z__ is defined as distance from the R point to the bottom of the hole in incremental mode, on the position of the hole bottom in absolute mode.

R__ is defined as the distance from the initial level to the R point level in incremental mode, or the position of the Z datum in relation on the R point level in absolute mode.

P__ is defined as the dwell time to be performed at the bottom of the hole (see the G04 code for more details).

Q__ is defined as the cut-in distance value or shift value (Note this is always specified as an incremental value).

K__ is defined as the number of repeats, for a series of holes. When not specified, K = 1.

F__ is defined as the federate for machining.

NOTE 1.

The addresses P and Q are omitted within some canned cycles.

NOTE 2.

Once the drilling data has been specified and read into the machine controller, it retained until it is either changed, or the canned cycle cancelled. All the required data must be specified when the canned cycle is started and only the data to be changed has to be specified during the cycle.

A G73 (high Speed Pack Drilling) command is written in the following format.

(G90) (G98)

or or G73 X__ Y__ Z__ Q__ F__;

(G91) (G99)


When machining, the drill is positioned at the co-ordinate point of the hole, for the X and Y axes and at the initial level, for the Z axis. The G73 command is then read into the machine controller and the cycle begins. The drill will rapid traverse to the R point level and begin to feed in, until a cut-in distance of Q is attained. At this point, the drill will retract a small distance (set within the machine controller). A cut-in distance of Q at the same federate will begin again, followed by a similar retraction. These movements will continue until the total Z depth has been reached. The drill will rapid traverse out to the initial level, it a G98 code is programmed within the cycle, or to the R point level, if a G99 code is programmed within the cycle. At this the next block is read into the machine controller. If this block contains an X, Y or X and Y co-ordinate the drill will position itself at that point and the high speed peck drilling cycle will begin again.

NOTE 1

THIS CYCLE CAN ONLY BE USED ON A MACHINE FIFTED SPINDLE CAPABLE OF ORIENTATION. BECAUSE THE TOOL MOVES WITHIN THE HOLE AFTER SPINDLE STOP TO FACE OPPOSITE DIRECTION

NOTE 2

A G99 return to R point level is not possible within this cycle.

A G74 (Counter/Left Hand Tapping) command is written in the following format:

(G90) (G98)

or or G74 X__ Y__ Z__ P__ R__ F__;

(G91) (G99)


Sequence of moves:



Feed to Z depth.

Dwell P (time for spindle stop and start CW direction).

Feed to R point level.

Dwell P (time for spindle stop and start CCW direction).

If the G98 code is programmed within the cycle, the next move will be a rapid traverse to the initial level. If the G99 code is programmed within the cycle, there will be no movement.

A G87 (Back Boring) command is written in the following format:

(G90) (G98)

or or G87 X__ Y__ Z__ P__ Q__ R__ F__;

(G91) (G99)


Sequence of moves:


Spindle stop and orientation. Move the value of Q.


Spindle CW and move back the value on Q.

Feed in to Z depth (positive direction) and dwell P.

Spindle stop and orientate.

Move the value of Q

Rapid traverse to R point level

Move back the value of Q and spindle CW.


(G90) (G98)

or or G86 X__ Y__ Z__ R__ F__;

(G91) (G99)


Sequence of moves:



Feed to Z depth and spindle stop.

Rapid traverse to the initial level and spindle CW for G98, or rapid traverse to R point level and spindle CW for G99.


(G90) (G98)

or or G85 X__ Y__ Z__ R__ F__;

(G91) (G99)


Sequence of moves:



Feed in to the Z depth.

Feed back to R point level.

If the G98 code is programmed within in cycle, the next move will be a rapid traverse to the initial level. If the G99 code is programmed within the cycle, there will be no movement.

A G76 (Fine Boring) command is written in the following format:

(G90) (G98)

or or G76 X__ Y__ Z__ R__ P__ Q__ F__;

(G91) (G99)


Sequence of moves:



Feed to Z depth.

Dwell P (time for spindle stop and move Q value)

Feed to R point level.

Move back Q value

The above moves vary depending on the setting of the codes G98 and G99.

A G84 (Tapping) command is written in the following format:

(G90) (G98)

or or G84 X__ Y__ Z__ R__ P__ F__;

(G91) (G99)


Sequence of moves:



Feed to Z depth.

Dwell P (time for spindle stop and start CCW direction)

Feed to R point level

Dwell P (time for spindle stop and start CW direction)

In the G98 code is programmed within the cycle, the next move will be a rapid traverse to the Initial Level. If the G99 code is programmed within the cycle, there will be no movement.

NOTE 1

THIS CYCLE CAN ONLY BE USED ON A MACHINE FITTED WITH A SPINDLE CAPABLE OF ORIENTATION. BECAUSE THE TOOL MOVES WITHIN THE HOLE AFTER SPINDLE STOP TO FACE THE OPPOSITE DIRECTION.

A G81 (Drilling Spot Boring) command is written in the following format:

(G90) (G98)

or or G81 X__ Y__ Z__ R__ F__;

(G91) (G99)


Sequence of moves:



Feed to Z depth.

Rapid traverse to initial level (G98) or R point level (G99).

A G82 (Drilling Counter Boring) command is written in the following format:

(G90) (G98)

or or G82 X__ Y__ Z__ P__ R__ F__;

(G91) (G99)


Sequence of moves:



Feed to Z depth.

Dwell for value P

Rapid traverse to initial level (G98) or R point level (G99)

A G83 (Deep Hole Peck Drilling) command as written in the following format:

(G90) (G98)

or or G83 X__ Y__ Z__ Q__ R__ F__;

(G91) (G99)


Sequence of moves:



Feed to the value of Q

Rapid traverse out to R point. Rapid traverse back to within 1 mm of depth of Q out. Operation moves 2 and 4 repeated until Z depth is reached.

Rapid traverse to initial level (G98) or R point level (G99)

(Mill CAM Designer

- star MCD)

(2/10/1997)

(Triac PC (metric))

(Post fanucm: 1.20

24 June 1994)

O0050;

N0010 G21;

[BILLET X240 Y170 Z10

[EDGEMOVE X0 Y0

[TOOLDEF T1 D2

N0020 G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0;

N0030 M6 T1;

N0040 G43 H1;

N0050 M3 S3000;

N0060 G90 G00 X90 Z120;

N0070 Z2;

N080 GO1 Z-0.5 F40;

N0090 X105 Y160 F60;

N0100 X120 Y120;

N0110 X165;

N0120 X130 Y95;

N0130 X145 Y50;

N0140 X105 Y80;

N0150 X65 Y50;

N0160 X80 Y95;

N0170 X45 Y120;

N0180 X90;

N0190 G00 Z2;

N0200 M5;

N0210 G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0;

N0220 M30;

End of block signal

Tool

function

Spindle

function

Miscellaneous

function

Feedrate

function

Interpolation

function

Preparatory

function

Block sequence

number

N0000 G00 X00.0 Y00.0 Z00.0 F0000 M00 S0000 T00 ;

A part program is a list coded instructions which describes how the designed component or part, will be manufactured.

These coded instructions are called data a series of letters and numbers. The part program includes all the geometrical and technological data to perform the required machine functions and movements to manufacture the part.

The part program can be further broken down into separate lines of data, each line describing a particular set of machining operations. These lines, which run in sequence, are called blocks

A block of data contains word, sometimes called codes. Each word refers to a spcific cutting/movement command or machine function. The programming language recognised by the CNC, the machine controller, is an I.S.O. code, which includes the G and M code groups.

Each program word is composed from a letter, called the address, along with a number.

PART PROGRAM EXAMPLE

(Mill CAM Designer

- star MCD)

(2/10/1997)

(Triac PC (metric))

(Post fanucm: 1.20

24 June 1994)

O0050;

N0010 G21;

[BILLET X240 Y170 Z10

[EDGEMOVE X0 Y0

[TOOLDEF T1 D2

N0020 G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0;

N0030 M6 T1;

N0040 G43 H1;

N0050 M3 S3000;

N0060 G90 G00 X90 Z120;

N0070 Z2;

N0090 X105 Y160 F60;

N0100 X120 Y120;

N0110 X165;

N0120 X130 Y95;

N0130 X145 Y50;

N0140 X105 Y80;

N0150 X65 Y50;

N0160 X80 Y95;

N0170 X45 Y120;

N0180 X90;

N0190 G00 Z2;

N0200 M5;

N0210 G91 G28 X0 Y0 Z0;

N0220 M30;

N080 GO1 Z-0.5 F40;

ADDRESS EXAMPLE - G

WORD EXAMPLE - G01

Block Example N080 G01 Z -0.5 F40;

Tool profiles can be changed during a program using the tool function command. Each tool profile is assigned a number, which in the case of an ATC (Automatic Tool Changer) will also coincide with one of the free bays on its carousel magazine.

The tool number is defined using the address letter T followed by a number assigned to the tool profile. To command a tool change, the M06 code would precede the number of the new tool required.

For example,

M06 T01

This command is read perform a tool change to tool number 01

Generally, several diferent tool profile are required to machine a workpiece, all of different diameters and lengths.

It would be very difficult to write a program that allowed for this difference in size between all the various tools. To account for this, the difference in diameter and length is measured, in advance, for all the tools that will be used. Essentially, this means that the cutting paths for all the tools now coincide. The values are entered into the offset file.

This tool offset is also called tool compensation.

The rotational speed of the tool, with respect to the workpiece being cut, is called the spindle (or cutting) speed.

The spindle speed is defined using the S addredd letter, followed by a numerical value, signifying the spindle RPM (revolutions per minute).

The spindle speed value specified must fall between the machine tool RPM range for the command to be efective.

The following part program for a finishing pass shows the recommended method for start-up and cancellation of cutter compensation:

O0010

N0010 GOO X-15 Y-15;

N0020 G41 X0 Y0 F100; (Start-Up Move)

N0030 Y40;

N0040 X30 Y80;

N0050 X60

N0060 G02 X100 Y40 R40;

N0070 G01 Y30;

N0080 G03 X70 Y0 R30;

N0090 X0;

N0100 X-15 Y-15; (Cancellation Move)

Laboratorium CNC Program Diploma Teknik Mesin SV-UGM

44

Mill Level I

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Transcript of Mill Level I