Presented by -Aditi Bhadra (0612031004)Abha Singh (0612031001)Divya Tiwari (0612031034)Garima Govind (0612031035)Manisha Gupta (0612031053)

The focus of this project is to develop a microcontroller based methodology to assist decision-makers in identifying and ranking bus stops in high auto-pedestrian collision concentration areas. An enhanced bus identification system is one possible solution to address the growing congestion problems in urban areas.

Project Objective

Overview of project

RF Technology Microcontroller

MICROCONTROLLER AND WIRELESS BASED

VEHICLES IDENTIFICATION

Radio Frequency Technology

Radio Frequency (RF) in the range of 3 Hz and 30 GHz. RF communications are typically support 1200 to 9600 baud. Recently developed modulation schemes and spread spectrum technologies are achieving up to 19,200 baud.

RF TRANSMITTER

RF RECIEVER

The microcontroller facilitates coding together with system controlling.

Used for - To indentify stoppage code. Interfacing with LCD for display. To provide control signal to buzzer.

POWER SUPPLY

UNIT

TRANSMITTER SECTION

RECIEVER SECTION

MICROCONTROLLER WITH LCD

TRANSMITTER SECTION

Battery

RFEncoder

4 Pin DIP Switch

ASK MODULATOR

ANTENNA

TRANSMITTER

TRANSMITTER CIRCUIT

Transmitter Module

TWS-434:

Designed by Reynolds Electronics

Frequency of operation: 433.92 MHz

4 pins chip Small in size

Range about 150 feet

The 212 encoders are a series of CMOS LSIs for remote control system applications.

They are capable of encoding information which consists of N address bits and 12N data bits. Each address/ data input can be set to one of the two logic states.

The programmed addresses/data are transmitted together with the header bits via an RF or an infrared transmission medium upon receipt of a trigger signal.

Encoder

HT12E-18 DIP

μcAT89C

51

LCD2×16

BUZZER

POWER SUPPLY

230V A.C.

RECEIVER

ASKDEMODULATOR

RFDecoder

ANTENNA

Receiver SECTION

RECIEVER CIRCUIT

Receiver ModuleRWS-434:

Designed by Reynolds Electronics Frequency of operation 433.92 MHz

Power supply: 5V (AA batteries) Size: small and compact

Same frequency as Transmitter

The 212 series of decoders are capable of decoding information that consist of N bits of address and 12N bits of data.

The decoders receive serial addresses and data from a programmed 212 series of encoders that are transmitted by a carrier using an RF or an IR transmission medium. They compare the serial input data three times continuously with their local addresses.

Decoder

HT12D-18 DIP

Microcontroller

The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM).

The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology.

The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer.

By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.

Pin Diagram

Features

• 4K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory – Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles• Three-level Program Memory Lock• 128 x 8-bit Internal RAM• 32 Programmable I/O Lines• Two 16-bit Timer/Counters• Six Interrupt Sources• Programmable Serial Channel• Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes

LCD’s are passive display having low power consumption and contrast ratio.

Basically, LCD consist of thin layer of NLC liquid about 10 micron thick placed between two glass plates having an electrode at list one electrode is transparent.

The operation of LCD is base on the use of certain organic material, which retains a regular crystal like structure even when they have been melted.

Liquid Crystal Display

Interfacing LCD with 8051

LM015

8051

P1.7-P1.0 D7-D0

RW

RS

E

P3.4

P3.5

P3.3

MICROCONTROLLER-LCD INTERFACE

Power Supply Unit

A device or system that draws unregulated input AC or DC from an electrical power source at one voltage level and converts it to controlled and precisely regulated DC power at its output in a form that is required by the load.

PowerSource

DCPowerSupply

Load

A power supply can by broken down into a series of blocks, each of which performs a particular function.

For example a 5V regulated supply:

Each of the blocks is described in more detail below: •Transformer - steps down high voltage AC mains to low voltage AC. •Rectifier - converts AC to DC, but the DC output is varying. •Smoothing - smooths the DC from varying greatly to a small ripple. •Regulator - eliminates ripple by setting DC output to a fixed voltage.

Continue…

o The Keil (µVision2)

The Keil C51 Cross Compiler is an ANSI C Compiler that is written specifically to generate fast, compact code for the 8051-microcontroller families. The C51 Compiler generates object code that matches the efficiency and speed of assembly programming.

Using a high-level language like C has many advantages over assembly language programming:

Knowledge of the processor instruction set is not required. Rudimentary knowledge of the memory structure of the 8051 CPU is desirable (but not necessary)

Programs get a formal structure (which is imposed by the C programming language) and can be divided into separate functions. This contributes to source code reusability as well as better overall application structure.

Programming and program test time is drastically reduced.

The Keil The Keil (µVision(µVision22))  

Project Application

Can be used in bus for the identification of coming stoppage.

Can be use as a Bus route indicator

Can be used by big organizations to locate their private vehicles.

Project Features No radio frequency interference (RFI) to the existing terrestrial

wireless systems. We have used 434MHz frequency band for the data transmission, which is specially allotted for experimental purpose.

Digital transmissions make more efficient use of spectrum and have better threshold margins.

Digital modulations are more robust, are error free, and predictable under most conditions.

Signal transmission at a rate of 1200 bps.

Coverage range up to 100 feets.

Conclusion

We have given a brief introduction of our project “Microcontroller Based Wireless Stop or Station Identification in Bus”. Hope we have enlighten a lot on its technical and functional description .Our aim towards is to provide a simple, cost–effective, and moreover future expandable system, to provide a reliable facility for common people in term of navigation.

Reference

Circuit diagram and details : http://www.google.com/ LCD : http://www.freewebs.com/maheshwankhede/lcd.html Kiel : http://www.kiel.com/dd/ and (Electronics For You ;Feb 2010) LCD-AT89S52 interface : http://microcontrolleravr.com/lcd-

interfacing-to-microcontroller-at89s52/ http://www.microcontroller51.blogspot.com/2010/01/alpha-

numeric-lcd-interface-with-micro.html AT89X52.h : http://www.keil.com/dd/docs/c51/atmel/AT89X52.h LCD.h : http://homepage.hispeed.ch/peterfleury/avr-lcd44780.html

http://mmmhilda.googlecode.com/files/LCD.h

Questions