WHAT MESOPOTAMIA MEAN?

• The name Mesopotamia means "between rivers" because it is located between the Tigris and the Euphrates River.

Where is Mesopotamia?

• Mesopotamia is located between the rivers of Tigris and Euphrates, largely corresponding to the modern day Iraq, and also some part of northeastern Syria, southeastern Turkey, and southeastern Iran.

• It is located in modern day Iraq.

Mesopotamia

Who was the first king?

• King Hammurabi was first king.

How they get developed?

• Early settlers in Mesopotamia started to gather in small villages and towns.

• As they learned how to irrigate land and grow crops on large farms, the towns grew bigger.

• Eventually these towns became large cities.• New inventions such as government and

writing were formed to help keep order in the cities. The first human civilization was formed.

Things Mesopotamian invented • Wheels• Chariot• Sailboat• Money• Writing• Seeder Plow• Calandar• Math• Shaduf• Glass

Wheels

• The oldest wheel known was found in Mesopotamia dated 3,500 BC.

• It was made of planks of wood joined together.

Chariot• The chariots were one of the wheeled

vehicles that the Mesopotamian people invented.

• With a great civilization they would need to get around places faster than walking.

• So they made a chariot.• It has a platform for someone to stand

on with wheels and then either something like a horse or an ox would pull you along.

• They also would use the chariot to take very important people around the city.

Sailboat

• Mesopotamians were smart people.

• They created the sailboat for getting water from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.

• They also used the sailboat to go and fish in the rivers.

Money

• They invented a kind of money system by using clay tokens for trades.

• Tokens were of different sizes and shapes.

• The tokens were put into a clay ball with the number of tokens pressed on the outside.

Writing• The Mesopotamian invented a type of

writing.• The writing were pictures not the time

of writing we do today.• Most of the writing that the

mesopotamias did where pictures they drew were animals and humans.

• They named writing "Cuneiform" the word Cuneiform ment " wedge shaped".

• writing was originally made for keeping track of what they bought or sold.

• Cuniform was writing on a clay tablets with a pointed reed called a stylus.

Seeder Plow

• The Mesopotamians also invented the seeder plow, which was at the time a revolutionary innovation.

• It allowed the farmer to simultaneously plow a field and seed it, drastically reducing the time to plant and increasing crop production.

Calandar• The Mesopotamians Invented the

first calander.• They used the calandar to see when

they should plant their crops and when they should harvest their crops.

• The solar year was divided into two seasons.

• The summer included the barley harvest in the second half of May and the winter roughly corresponded with our fall / winter.

Math• The Mesopotamians where

experimenting with ways to count, measure and solve mathematical problems.

• They were the first people to give place values to numbers.

• They were first to recognize the concept of zero.

Shaduf• The shaduf is a structure that helps

transport water from a river or lake into a ditch or canal.

• On one end there is a large rock, which acts as a weight, and on the other is a bucket.

• The weight balances out the weight of the water in the bucket so it is effortless to move.

• The bucket dips into the water, then a person rotates the Shaduf so its over a ditch and then they dump the water into the ditch.

• The water falls into the ditch and is directed to the needed area.

Glass• One day some sailors were going to go ashore to rest and cook

something to eat.• They gathered some wood and started a fire.• They were on a beach so the wood and the fire were on top of

sand. Surprisingly, the sand under the fire started to melt and this liquid started to run down.

• After it cooled, it hardened and turned into a clear hard object.• The Mesopotamians used the glass for art and initially they

didn't use the glass for drinking out of.• After the Mesopotamian’s discovered glass they started to use

the glass for more high tech weapons sutch as dagers, spears and chariots.

Gods of Mesopotamian

• Sumerian Gods• Babylonian Gods• Assyrian Gods

Sumerian Gods• Anu - Sometimes called An, Anu was the god of the heavens and king of the

gods. The city associated with Anu was Uruk.• Enlil - The god of air, wind, and storms, Enlil held the Tablets of Destiny. These

tablets gave him control over the fate of man and made him very powerful. He wore a crown with horns. He was associated with the city of Nippur.

• Enki - Enki was the shaper of the world as well as god of wisdom, intellect, and magic. He invented the plough and was responsible for making plants grow. He is drawn holding Zu, the storm bird. He was god of the city of Eridu.

• Utu - The god of the sun as well as justice and the law, Utu is drawn holding a saw like instrument. Mythology says that Utu travels across the world each day in a chariot.

• Inanna - Inanna was the goddess of love and war. Her symbol is a star with eight points. Her primary city was Uruk, but she was also prominent in the city of Babylon.

• Nanna - Nanna was also called Sin. He was god of the moon. His home was the city of Ur.

Babylonian Gods• Marduk - Marduk was the primary god of the Babylonians and

had Babylon as his main city. He was considered the supreme deity over all the other gods. He had as many as 50 different titles. He was sometimes pictured with his pet dragon.

• Nergal - God of the underworld, Nergal was an evil god who brought war and famine on the people. His city was Kuthu.

• Tiamat - Goddess of the sea, Tiamat is drawn as a huge dragon. Marduk defeated her in battle.

• Shamash - The Babylonian version of Utu• Ea - Same as Enki

Assyrian Gods• Ashur (Assur) - The primary god of the Assyrians. He

was also the god of war and married to the goddess Ishtar. His symbols are a winged disc and the bow and arrow.

• Ishtar - Similar to Inanna, she was goddess of love and war.

• Shamash - The Assyrian version of Utu• Elil - The Assyrian version of Enlil.• Ea - Same as Enki

Thank you