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Topic 3: MesopotamianTopic 3: Mesopotamian

CivilizationCivilization

SumerianSumerian

BabylonianBabylonian

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Fertile CrescentFertile Crescent

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GeographyGeography

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Natural conditionsNatural conditions

Warm and dry climate

Lack of natural barriers

Annual ooin!

Abunance of ates

"nsu#cient rainfall

$erioic epiemics

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Mesopotamia: Challenges

Preserving themoisture of the soil

Protection fromexternal attacks

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Loose confeeration of city states

$olitical system

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Base on a!ricultureand

traeMost of t%e propertyo&ne by t%eric%Ample %arvest

"mporte metal antimber

'se of LC(Bills forBusiness)ritten a!reements for business

eals

*conom

y

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'pper

Mile

Society

Lo&er

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Sumerian FamilySumerian Family

PatriarchalPatriarchal

Practice of monogamyPractice of monogamy

Marriage by written agreementMarriage by written agreement

Divorce permittedDivorce permitted

Reverse dowryReverse dowry

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chievementschievements

!egal "ode!egal "ode

!e# $alionis %!aw of Retaliation&!e# $alionis %!aw of Retaliation&

Semi'private administration ofSemi'private administration of(ustice(ustice

)ne*uality before the law)ne*uality before the law

)nade*uate distinction between)nade*uate distinction betweenintentional and accidental +illingintentional and accidental +illing

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ReligionReligion

PolytheismPolytheism nthropomorphic , human *ualitiesnthropomorphic , human *ualities

attributed to gods , good and evil at theattributed to gods , good and evil at thesame timesame time

Religion for this world , little concern forReligion for this world , little concern forafterlifeafterlife

Religion connected with materialReligion connected with materialinterestsinterests

$emple ' -iggurat$emple ' -iggurat

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+i!!urat

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Sumerian )ritin!: Cuneiform

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Sumerian Art

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Sumerian Pottery

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Babylonian CivilizationBabylonian Empire

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King ,ammurabi

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Coe of ,ammurabiCoe of ,ammurabi

-. para!rap%s an -.- clauses

/ La&s mae to suit t%enees of a centralize empire

/ Active role playe by t%ekin!0s o#cers in appre%enin!an punis%in! o1eners

/ protection of property anlife(

promotion of a!riculture anbusiness

/ More severe punis%mentt%an Sumerian Le2 Talionis

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.abylonian /conomy.abylonian /conomy

Private enterprise well protected andPrivate enterprise well protected andregulated by lawregulated by law

Prosperous economyProsperous economy "ultivating land and ta+ing care of"ultivating land and ta+ing care of

canals was obligatorycanals was obligatory

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.abylonian Religion.abylonian Religion

Polytheistic 0 anthropomorphicPolytheistic 0 anthropomorphic

Not concerned about afterlifeNot concerned about afterlife

)n1uence of superstitions and magic)n1uence of superstitions and magic

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ScienceScience

Progress in algebra2 geometry andProgress in algebra2 geometry andastronomyastronomy

!uni'solar "alendar!uni'solar "alendar Divided year into 34 months 0 567 daysDivided year into 34 months 0 567 days

8ne 9leap month: 5 times in ; years8ne 9leap month: 5 times in ; years

Divided wee+ into < daysDivided wee+ into < days MapsMaps

Practice of medicine and surgeryPractice of medicine and surgery

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Babylonian Arc%itecture

,an!in! 4arens5 of Babylon 67ebuc%anezzar ""8