Memory and Thought
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Transcript of Memory and Thought
Memory and Thought
Bell Activity 4/10/2013
Learning Targets: At the end of class you will be able to
-Explain the three processes of memory
-Describe the information-processing model of Memory
1. Name the seven dwarves from Snow White.
2. Why do teachers find it easier (sometimes) to remember names of students who were “troublemakers?”
3. How important are eyewitness accounts in a trial? Why?
4. Which would be worse...not being able to remember the past or not being able to learn anything new?
Learning Unit RE-TEST on Friday 4/12…you are welcome!
Now pick pick out the seven dwarves.
Grouchy Gabby Fearful Sleepy Smiley Jumpy Hopeful Goofy Sleazy Shy Droopy Moody Hoppy Dopey Sniffy Wishful Puffy Ren Dumpy Sneezy Pop Grumpy Cheesy Bashful Cheerful Teach Snorty Nifty Itchy Happy Doc Wheezy Stubby Poopy
Diddy Stimpy
Seven Dwarves
Sleepy, Dopey, Grumpy, Sneezy, Happy, Doc and Bashful
The Memory Process
The Memory includes 3 processes input or encoding, storage and retrieval
Memory Processes
Encoding: using basic senses to establish memories (acoustic codes, visual codes, semantic codes); Sort of like typing info into a computer.
Storage: Process by which information is kept/maintained; Think…saving the info to the computer
Retrieval: Ability to retrieve the memories that you stored; Like clicking on the file and opening it up
3 Stages of Memory
The Information-Processing Model of memory lists three stages of Memory
Sensory Memory Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory
3 Stages of Memory: Sensory Memory
Very brief memory storage immediately following initial stimulation of a sensor receptor
Echoic (audio) and Iconic (visual) Stored for a brief second; most goes unprocessed Serves three functions: (1) Keeps us from getting
overwhelmed, (2) Gives us time to make decisions and (3) helps us create stability and continuity in our world
3 Stages of Memory: Short-Term Memory
Things in your conscious mind at any given moment; memory that holds information for a brief time
Information must be stored into long term memory or it will be forgotten.
Remember this number
5406746487
540-674-6487
Remember this Code
C k 4 g y 8 j b d 5X j d 3 9F d f h w
Remember This List
MilkCheeseButterEggsFlourApplesGrapesShampooBreadGround beefCerealCatsupGreen beansjam
3 Stages of Memory: Short-Term Memory
How do we put information into long-term memory?
Maintenance Rehearsal-Repeating the information
Chunking-grouping items
Primacy-Recency Effect-Remember items at the beginning or at the end of a list.
Working Memory-working with current information
3 Stages of Memory: Long Term Memory
Long-Term Memory: Storage of information over a long period of time
3 Stages of Memory: Long-Term Memory
Endel Turving’s Theory: we have two types of memory (Semantic and Episodic)
Semantic: Knowledge of language including rules, words and meanings
Episodic: Unique version of our lives; how we remember events
3 Stages of Memory: Long-Term Memory
L.R. Squire’s Model also includes two types Declarative memory; includes both semantic
and episodic. Information that we consciously use
Procedural memory: Memories/skills that do not require conscious efforts to recall (riding a bike, swimming, driving, etc.)
3 Stages of Memory: Long-Term Memory
Some information may be lost over a period of time. This is debated among psychologists
Can Memories be Influenced?
http://streaming.factsonfile.com/PortalViewVideo.aspx?xtid=40125&loid=73388&psid=0&sid=0&State=&title=Classic Studies in Psychology&IsSearch=Y&parentSeriesID=#
Poster Assignment
Work in groups of 2-3 Create a poster that shows the memory
process OR the three stages of memory Must have at least two illustrations
Bell Activity: 4/15/2013
Learning Targets: At the end of class you will be able to-
List the parts of the brain and their role in memory
Define recognition and recall
Discuss the reasons for forgetting information
List ways to improve memory
1.) What were the three processes of memory?
2.) What are the three stage of memory?
3.) Explain the primacy-recency effect.
4.)What do you remember about the shootings at VT on 4/16/2007? Where were you? How did you hear? Etc.
More Review!
Eye Witness http://streaming.factsonfile.com/PortalViewVideo.aspx?xtid=35671&loid=76070&psid=0&sid=0&State=&title=Psychology Media Suite&IsSearch=Y&parentSeriesID=#
Primacy-Recency Sleep
Textbook Assignment: (Page 280)
Explain what role each of the following play in memory:
Cortex (Short Term), Thalmus, Hippocampus, Amygdala, and the Cortex (Long Term)
Retrieving Information
Memory Retrieval Processes include:
Recognition Recall Relearning Forgetting Improving Memory
Retrieving Information
Recognition: Identifying an object, idea or situation as something you are familiar with
Ex: May not be able to recall a person’s name but you know you know them.
Retrieving Information
Recall: Active reconstruction of all material Guided by experience, knowledge and clues from
the environment. Memory may be altered by reconstructive processes,
confabulation, or schemas State-Dependent Learning: Recalling information
easily when in the same physical or emotional state as when the information was encoded.
Bell Activity 4/16/2013
1.) What is confabulation?2.) Which part of the brain
helps with long term memory and our ability to transfer words, facts and events into long-term memory?
3.) What type of memory includes words, language and information we consciously use?
4.) What is the difference between recognition memory and recall?
Learning Targets: At the end of class, you will be able to-
•Describe the memory retrieval process
•Explain processes of forgetting information
•List ways to improve memory
•Memory and Thought test on Thursday.
•Vocabulary due on Wednesday.
•Presentations on Friday
Retrieving Information
Relearning: Easier to relearn something if you already have exposure to the material.
Retrieving Information
Forgetting: Failure of memoryInput of memory fades away or decays over time (short term, not sure about long term)Interference sometimes plays a key role in memory failure
Retrieving Memory
Interference: 2 types, proactive and retroactive
Proactive: earlier memory blocks later information
Retroactive: New information blocks old memories
Interference may actually erase memories
Freud believed that in some cases the memories were subconsciously hidden (repression)
Retrieving Information
Amnesia Loss of memory
after traumatic head injury; could also occur from drug use or psychological stress
The Man With No Memory
Retrieving Information Infant Amnesia: lack of early declarative
memories Freud thought these memories were
repressed due to infant trauma May be due to infants not understanding
language Or hippocampus may not be mature
enough
Memory Videos
The Mystery of Memory
Bell Activity 4/17/2013
Learning Targets: At the end of class, you will be able to
-List ways to improve our memories.
-Define Mnemonic Devices-Review for test on Memory
and Thought
1.) What is the term that refers to the loss of memory and causes us to forget information?
2.) According to Freud what are memories that are “hidden?” Why are the “hidden?”
3.) What are the two types of interference?
4.) What techniques have your teachers used to try and help you remember information?
TEST TOMORROW (THURSDAY)Presentations on Friday
Improving Memory
It is easier to remember information if it is connected with information that you already know
This is called elaborative rehearsal
The more “categories” a memory is indexed under, the easier it is to access it later.
Improving Memory
Overlearning: Keep rehearsing even after you think you know it.
Don’t study similar material together
Study a little at a time: Distributed Practice
Improving Memories Mnemonic Devices:
Techniques to memorize and retrieve information
ROY G BIV “Thirty Days has
September…” “Every Good Boy Does
Fine” Takes extra work to create
the se devices but the work itself will help you memorize the material
Memory and Thought TestToday’s Test is on-line. Please follow the following instructions
1. Go to Mr. P’s Web Site: http://spetersopsych.wikispaces.com/
2. Click on the Quia site3. Click on the “Memory and
Thought” Test4. Type in your name5. Type in the secret word
“memory”6. Answer all questions
correctly!7. Go to Edmodo and
complete the assignment
“Good Luck” from Joanie and Chachi!