McArthur River Mining orroloola aravan and Devils Spring ......from MRM Borroloola station on the...

McArthur River Mining

Borroloola Caravan and Devils Spring Stations

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Validated Report

1st July 2016 – 31st July 2016

Report No.: DAT10991

Report issue date: 25th August 2016

Maintenance contract: MC1100, MC1101

ECOTECH PTY LTD. ABN: 32005752081

1492 Ferntree Gully Rd, Knoxfield VIC. 3180. AUSTRALIA

Tel No: 1300 364 946 Fax No: 1300 668 763

Email [email protected] WEB www.ecotech.com

This document shall not be reproduced except for in full, without the written approval of Ecotech Pty Ltd.

mailto:[email protected]


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Customer Details

Customer McArthur River Mining

Contact name Sebastien Moreno

Email [email protected]

Phone (08) 8975 8137

Revision History

Revision Report ID Date Analyst

0 DAT10991 25/08/2016 Caroline Knight

Report by: Caroline Knight

Approved Signatory: Jon Alexander


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Table of Contents Customer Details ....................................................................................................................................... 2

Revision History ........................................................................................................................................ 2

Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................... 3

List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ 4

List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................. 4

Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 6

1.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 7

2.0 Monitoring and Data Collection ........................................................................................................ 7

2.1. Siting Details.................................................................................................................................. 7

2.2. Monitored Parameters ................................................................................................................. 8

2.3. Data Collection Methods ............................................................................................................ 10

2.3.1. Compliance with Standards ................................................................................................ 11

2.3.2. Data Acquisition .................................................................................................................. 12

2.4. Data Validation and Reporting .................................................................................................... 12

2.4.1. Validation ............................................................................................................................ 12

2.4.2. Reporting ............................................................................................................................. 12

3.0 Air Quality Goals ............................................................................................................................. 13

4.0 Calibrations and Maintenance ........................................................................................................ 13

4.1. Units and Uncertainties .............................................................................................................. 13

4.2. Maintenance ................................................................................................................................... 15

4.2.1. Calibration & Maintenance Summary Tables ......................................................................... 15

4.2.2. Maintenance Notes ................................................................................................................. 15


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5.0 Results ............................................................................................................................................. 16

5.1. Data Capture ............................................................................................................................... 16

5.2. Air Quality Summary ................................................................................................................... 18

5.3. Data Summary Tables ................................................................................................................. 18

5.4 Graphic Representations ............................................................................................................ 20

6.0 Valid Data Exception Tables ............................................................................................................ 26

7.0 Report Summary ............................................................................................................................. 28

Appendix 1 - Definitions & Abbreviations ................................................................................................... 29

Appendix 2 - Explanation of Exception Table ............................................................................................. 30

List of Figures Figure 1: MRM Monitoring Stations Locations ............................................................................................. 8

Figure 2: Borroloola Caravan Station SO2 1 Hour Averages for July 2016 .................................................. 20

Figure 3: Borroloola Caravan station SO2 24 Hour Averages for July 2016 ................................................ 21

Figure 4: Borroloola Caravan Station Wind Rose for July 2016 .................................................................. 22

Figure 5: Devils Spring SO2 1 Hour Averages for July 2016 ......................................................................... 23

Figure 6: Devils Spring SO2 24 Hour Averages for July 2016 ....................................................................... 24

Figure 7: Devils Spring Station Wind Rose July 2016 .................................................................................. 25

List of Tables Table 1: MRM monitoring station locations ................................................................................................. 7

Table 2: Parameters measured at the MRM Borroloola Caravan and Devils Spring monitoring stations ... 9

Table 3: Data Collection Methods............................................................................................................... 10


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Table 4: NEPM Air Quality Goals for Borroloola Caravan and Devils Spring monitoring stations .............. 13

Table 5: Units and Uncertainties ................................................................................................................. 13

Table 6: MRM Borroloola Caravan Maintenance Table July 2016 .............................................................. 15

Table 7: MRM Devils Spring Maintenance Table July 2016 ........................................................................ 16

Table 8: Monthly Data Capture for MRM Borroloola Caravan Station for July 2016 ................................. 17

Table 9: Monthly Data Capture for MRM Devils Spring Station for July 2016............................................ 17

Table 10: Exceedances recorded for July 2016 ........................................................................................... 18

Table 11: SO2 5 Minute Data Summary Table ............................................................................................. 18

Table 12: SO2 1 Hour Data Summary Table ................................................................................................ 19

Table 13: SO2 24 Hour Data Summary Table .............................................................................................. 19

Table 14: MRM Borroloola Caravan Valid Data Exception Table ................................................................ 26

Table 15: MRM Devils Spring Valid Data Exception Table .......................................................................... 27


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Executive Summary

McArthur River Mining is one of the world’s largest providers of zinc in bulk concentrate form1. The

mine is located in the Northern Territory approximately 970km south-east from Darwin and 60km

south-west of Borroloola 2

Ecotech PTY LTD is providing air monitoring and data collection from two McArthur River Mining

(MRM) ambient air monitoring stations at two sites: Borroloola Caravan and Devils Spring. Both

stations are equipped to monitor SO2, wind speed, and wind direction. Borroloola Caravan is also

equipped with solar radiation, barometric pressure, ambient temperature, relative humidity and

rainfall.

This report presents the data collected at the Borroloola Caravan and Devils Spring stations in July

2016.

Data capture for SO2 at Devils Spring was 95% for SO2 and 100% capture for wind speed and wind

direction.

Data capture at Borroloola Caravan was 95% for SO2 and 100% for wind speed, wind direction,

ambient temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure and rainfall. Percentage data capture

for solar radiation during July 2016 was 96%.

There were no recorded exceedances over the SO2 air quality goals for either station during July 2016.

1 Glencore McArthur River Mining Website http://www.mcarthurrivermine.com.au/EN/Pages/default.aspx

2 Release of Independent Monitor Report - MRM, 23/10/2014

http://www.mcarthurrivermine.com.au/EN/Media/Documents/Independent%20Monitor%20Report.pdf


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1. Introduction Ecotech Pty Ltd was commissioned by MRM to provide monitoring and data reporting for two ambient

air quality monitoring stations, located as detailed in Table 1. Ecotech commenced data collection

from MRM Borroloola station on the 17th June, and Devils Spring station on the 20th June 2015.

MRM Borroloola station was decommissioned on 1st March, and re-commissioned on the same day

new instruments and a permanent enclosure. The station remains in the same location as the previous

Borroloola station. It has been renamed Borroloola Caravan.

This report presents data for July 2016.

The data presented in this report:

Describes air quality measurements;

Compares monitoring results;

Has been quality assured;

2. Monitoring and Data Collection

2.1. Siting Details The network consists of two ambient air quality monitoring stations. The stations’ location and siting

details are described below.

Table 1: MRM monitoring station locations

Site Name Geographical Coordinates Height Above Sea Level (m)

Borroloola Caravan 16° 5'19"S, 136°30'40"E 21m

Devils Spring 16° 9'27"S, 136° 5'51"E 70m

Siting audits to assess for compliance with AS/NZS 3580.14:2011 ‘Methods for sampling and analysis of

ambient air – Method 14: Meteorological monitoring for ambient air quality monitoring applications’ were

performed on 2nd March 2016 at Devils Spring and 3rd March 2016 Borroloola Caravan station.

Siting audits to assess for compliance with AS/NZS 3580.1.1:2007 “Methods for sampling and analysis of

ambient air – guide to siting of air monitoring equipment” were completed on 18th March 2016 at both


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Devils Spring and Borroloola Caravan stations. Both were found to be compliant and classified as

Background sites.

Figure 1: MRM Monitoring Stations Locations

2.2. Monitored Parameters Table 2 below details the parameters monitored and the instruments used at the Borroloola and

Devils Springs monitoring stations. Appendix 1 defines any abbreviated parameter names used

throughout the report.

For meteorological sensors, the elevation given in the table below is the height above ground level at

the monitoring station.


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Table 2: Parameters measured at the MRM Borroloola Caravan and Devils Spring monitoring stations

Station Parameter Measured Instrument and Measurement

Technique

Borroloola

SO2

Ecotech S50 - fluorescence

Wind Speed (horizontal, elevation 10m)

Vaisala WXT520 – ultrasonic

Wind Direction (elevation 10m)

Vaisala WXT520 – ultrasonic

Sigma Calculation (Yamartino method)

Solar Radiation Middleton SK01-D2

Rain Vaisala WXT520

Barometric Pressure Vaisala WXT520

Ambient Temperature Vaisala WXT520

Relative Humidity Vaisala WXT520

Devils Spring

SO2

Ecotech EC9850B – fluorescence

Wind Speed (horizontal, elevation 10m)

Gil Windsonic OP3 – ultrasonic

Wind Direction (elevation 10m)

Gil Windsonic OP3 – ultrasonic

Sigma Calculation (Yamartino method)


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2.3. Data Collection Methods Table 3 below outlines the methods used for data collection. Any deviations from the stated methods

are detailed in section 2.3.1.

Table 3: Data Collection Methods

Parameter

Measured

Data Collection

Methods Used Description of Method

SO2

AS 3580.4.1 - 2008 Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air. Method 4.1:

Determination of sulfur dioxide – Direct reading instrumental method

Ecotech Laboratory Manual

In-house method 6.2 Sulfur dioxide by fluorescence

Rain

AS/NZS 3580.14 2014

Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air. Method 14: Meteorological monitoring for ambient air quality monitoring

applications


In-house method 8.7 – Rainfall by tipping bucket rain gauge

Solar Radiation

AS/NZS 3580.14 2014


applications


In-house method 8.6 – Global solar radiation and Net radiation by pyranometer and net pyrradiometer

Ambient Temperature

(elevation 10m)

AS 3580.14 2014 Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air. Method 14: Meteorological monitoring for ambient air quality monitoring

applications


In-house method 8.4 Temperature ambient by thermoelectric techniques

Relative Humidity

AS/NZS 3580.14 2014


applications


In-house method 8.5 – Relative humidity by hygrometer

Barometric Pressure

AS/NZS 3580.14 2014


applications


In-house method 8.9 – Barometric pressure by solid state pressure transducer


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Parameter

Measured

Data Collection

Methods Used Description of Method

Vector Wind Speed (Horizontal)


applications


In-house method 8.1 Wind speed (Horizontal) by anemometer

Vector Wind

Direction


applications


In-house method 8.3 Wind direction by anemometer

Sigma


applications


In-house method 8.3 Wind direction by anemometer

2.3.1. Compliance with Standards

Unless stated below, parameters are monitored at the MRM Borroloola Caravan and Devils Spring

Stations according to the methods detailed in Table 3 above.

Measurement of wind speed and wind direction by the Vaisala WXT520 does not meet

performance criteria of AS 3580.14 2014

Measurement of SO2 at Devils Spring does not meet the requirements of AS 3580.4.1 – 2008.

A proficiency check has not been performed on the instrument. Maintenance has not been

performed in according to the prescribed maintenance schedule.

Measurement of SO2 at Borroloola Caravan does not meet the requirements of AS 3580.4.1–

2008 as maintenance has not been carried out according to the prescribed maintenance

schedule.


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2.3.2. Data Acquisition

Data acquisition is performed using a PC based WinAQMS logger (using WinAQMS Version 2.3)

situated at each of the monitoring sites. Each logger is equipped with a 3G modem for remote data

collection. The recorded data is remotely collected from the AQMS loggers on a daily basis (using

AirodisTM version 5.1) and stored at Ecotech’s Environmental Reporting Services (ERS) department in

Melbourne, Australia. Data samples are logged in 5 minute intervals.

2.4. Data Validation and Reporting

2.4.1. Validation

The Ecotech ERS department perform daily data checks to ensure maximum data capture rates are

maintained. Any equipment failures are communicated to the responsible field engineers for urgent

rectification. Ecotech ERS maintains two distinct databases containing non-validated and validated

data respectively.

The validated database is created by duplicating the non-validated database and then flagging data

affected by instrument faults, calibrations and other maintenance activities. The data validation

software requires the analyst to supply a valid reason (e.g. backed by maintenance notes, calibration

sheets etc) in the database for flagging any data as invalid. Details of all invalid or missing data are

recorded in the Valid Data Exception Tables in section 6.

Validation is performed by the analyst, and the validation is reviewed. Graphs and tables are

generated based on the validated 5 minute data.

2.4.2. Reporting

The reported data is presented in two Microsoft Excel format files named “MRM Borroloola Caravan

Validated Data Report July 2016.xls” and “MRM Devils Spring Validated Data Report July 2016”.

The Excel files consist of 5 Excel worksheets:

1. Cover

2. 5 Minute Data

3. 1 Hour Data

4. 24 Hour Data

5. Valid Data Exception Table

The data contained in this report is based on Darwin UTC +9.30 time.


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Averaging periods of eight hours or less are reported for the end of the period, i.e. the hourly average

02:00am is for the data collected from 1:00am to 2:00am. One hour averages are calculated based on

a clock hour. One day averages are calculated based on calendar days.

3. Air Quality Goals The air quality goals for SO2 monitored at the Borroloola Caravan and Devils Spring monitoring

stations are based on the Australian National Environmental Council (NEPC) Ambient Air Quality

NEPM. The air quality goals are shown in Table 4 below.

Table 4: NEPM Air Quality Goals for Borroloola Caravan and Devils Spring monitoring stations

Parameter Time Period Exceedance Level Maximum allowable

exceedances

SO2 1 hour 200ppb (0.2ppm) 1 day a year

SO2 1 Day 80ppb (0.08ppm) 1 day a year

4. Calibrations and Maintenance

4.1. Units and Uncertainties The uncertainties for each parameter have been determined by the manufacturer’s tolerance limits

of the equipment’s parameters, and by the data collection standard method.

The reported uncertainties are expanded uncertainties, calculated using coverage factors which give

a level of confidence of approximately 95%.

Table 5: Units and Uncertainties

Parameter Units Resolution Uncertainty Measurement

Range3

SO2 (S50 and

EC9850B) ppb 1 ppb

± 14 ppb

K factor of 2.01 0 ppb to 500 ppb

3 Uncertainties may not be calculated based on the full measurement range. Uncertainty for SO2 by S50 and

EC9850B is calculated based on a measurement range of 0-125 ppb.


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Parameter Units Resolution Uncertainty Measurement

Range3

Vector Wind

Speed m/s 0.1 m/s

0.22 m/s or 3.0% of reading, whichever is greater

K factor of 1.96 0m/s to 15 m/s

Vector Wind

Direction Deg 1 deg

4 deg

K factor of 2.11

0 deg to 360 deg

Starting threshold:

0 m/s

Barometric

Pressure mbar 1 mbar

2.4 mbar

k factor of 1.96 980 to 1040 mbar

Ambient

Temperature ˚C 0.1˚C

± 0.25˚C

K factor of 2.01 0˚C to 50˚C

Relative

Humidity % 1%

± 5%

K factor of 2.31 0-100%

Rainfall % 0.1 mm

0.60 mm or 7.5% of reading, whichever is the

greater

K factor of 2.14

Rainfall rates of 0

to 80 mm/hr

Solar

Radiation W/m2 1 W/m2

± 5 % of reading or ±32 w/m² or whichever is

greater

K factor of 1.96

0 to 1100 W/m2


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4.2. Maintenance

4.2.1. Calibration & Maintenance Summary Tables The last calibrations for the following parameters were performed on the indicated dates. Data

supplied after this time is subject to further validation, to be performed at the next calibration cycle.

Note: Maintenance and calibration dates may differ, as calibrations may be less frequent than

scheduled maintenance visits.

4.2.2. Maintenance Notes Tables 6 and 7 indicate when the gas and meteorological equipment were last maintained.

Table 6: MRM Borroloola Caravan Maintenance Table July 2016

Parameter Date of Last

Maintenance Maintenance Type

Date of Last

Calibration

Calibration

Cycle

SO2 01/07/2016 Monthly4 01/07/2016 Monthly4

Wind Speed 02/03/2016 3 Monthly 22/05/2015 2 Yearly

Wind Direction 02/03/2016 3 Monthly 22/05/2015 2 Yearly

Ambient Temperature 02/03/2016 6 Monthly 02/03/2016 6 Monthly

Relative Humidity 02/03/2016 6 Monthly 02/03/2016 6 Monthly

Barometric Pressure 02/03/2016 6 Monthly 02/03/2016 6 Monthly

Rain 02/03/2016 6 Monthly 02/03/2016 6 Monthly

Solar Radiation 02/03/2016 6 Monthly 02/03/2016 6 Monthly

4 Remote calibration performed only


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Table 7: MRM Devils Spring Maintenance Table July 2016

Parameter Date of Last

Maintenance Maintenance Type

Date of Last

Calibration

Calibration

Cycle

SO2 01/07/2016 Monthly5 01/07/2016 Monthly5

Wind Speed 03/03/2016 6 Monthly 07/09/2015 2 Yearly

Wind Direction 03/03/2016 6 Monthly 07/09/2015 2 Yearly

5. Results

5.1. Data Capture Data capture is based on 1 hour averages, calculated from 5 minute data, and refers to the amount of

available data collected during the report period.

The percentage of data captured is calculated using the following equation:

Data capture = (Reported air quality data / Total data) x 100%

Where:

Reported air quality data = Number of instrument readings which have been validated through a

quality assured process and excludes all data errors, zero data collection due to calibration,

failures and planned and unplanned maintenance.

Total data = Total number of instrument readings since the start of the term assuming no

maintenance, errors, loss of data or calibration.

5 Remote calibration only


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Tables 8 and 9 below displays data capture statistics for July 2016. Bold values in the table indicate

data capture below 95%. Details of all invalid or missing data affecting data affecting data capture are

included in the Valid Data Exception Tables in section 6 of this report.

Table 8: Monthly Data Capture for MRM Borroloola Caravan Station for July 2016

Parameter Data Capture (%)

SO2 95

WS, WD, Sigma 100

Ambient Temperature 100

Relative Humidity 100

Barometric Pressure 100

Solar Radiation 96

Rain 100

Table 9: Monthly Data Capture for MRM Devils Spring Station for July 2016

Parameter Data Capture (%)

SO2 95

WS, WD, Sigma 100


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5.2. Air Quality Summary

Table 10 records the number of exceedances for SO2 measured at the Borroloola Caravan and Devils

Spring station.

Table 10: Exceedances recorded for July 2016

Parameter Time Period Value of

Exceedance Date of

Exceedance

SO2 1 hour none none

5.3. Data Summary Tables Tables 11 to 13 provide statistical summaries for the SO2 5 minute, 1 hour and 24 hour data at the

Borroloola Caravan and Devils Spring stations.

Table 11: SO2 5 Minute Data Summary Table

SO2 Borroloola Caravan Devils Spring

Maximum (ppb) 113 65

Minimum (ppb) 0 0

Average (ppb) 0 2

Time of Maximum 21/07/2016 07:45 5/07/2016 06:10

Time of Minimum 1/07/2016 12:45 17/07/2016 02:45

99.9th Percentile 44 51

99th Percentile 7 29

90th Percentile 0 4

Capture Percent (%) 95 95

Notes: any negative values have been presented as 0.

‘Nearest rank percentiles’ are used to calculate percentile values.


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Table 12: SO2 1 Hour Data Summary Table


Maximum (ppb) 113 49

Minimum (ppb) 0 0

Average (ppb) 0 2

Time of Maximum 21/07/2016 08:00 5/07/2016 07:00

Time of Minimum 1/07/2016 14:00 17/07/2016 19:00

No. of readings >200ppb

0 0


99th Percentile 7 25

90th Percentile 0 5


Table 13: SO2 24 Hour Data Summary Table


Maximum (ppb) 5 6

Minimum (ppb) 0 0

Average (ppb) 0 2

Date of Maximum 21/07/2016 5/07/2016

Date of Minimum 26/07/2016 12/07/2016

No. of readings > 80 ppb

0 0


99th Percentile 5 6

90th Percentile 0 5


*Notes: any negative values have been presented as 0.

‘Nearest rank percentiles’ are used to calculate percentile values.


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5.4 . Graphic Representations Validated 5 minute data for all parameters were used to construct the following monthly graphic

representations.

Figure 2: Borroloola Caravan Station SO2 1 Hour Averages for July 2016


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Figure 3: Borroloola Caravan station SO2 24 Hour Averages for July 2016


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Figure 4: Borroloola Caravan Station Wind Rose for July 2016


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Figure 5: Devils Spring SO2 1 Hour Averages for July 2016


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Figure 6: Devils Spring SO2 24 Hour Averages for July 2016


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Figure 7: Devils Spring Station Wind Rose July 2016


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6. Valid Data Exception Tables The tables below detail all changes made to the raw data set during the validation process. An

explanation of reasons given in the table can be found in Appendix 2.

Table 14: MRM Borroloola Caravan Valid Data Exception Table

Start Date End Date Reason Change

Details

User

Name

Change

Date

01/07/2016 00:00 31/07/2016 23:55

Automatic internal reference checks

occurring every night between 23:50 and

23:55

SO2 CK 8/8/16

01/07/2016 01:00 31/07/2016 01:35 Automatic calibration checks occurring

every night between 01:00 and 01:35 SO2 CK 8/8/16

01/07/2016 01:40 31/07/2016 01:40 Intermittent stabilisation following

automatic calibration checks SO2 CK 8/8/16

01/07/2016 09:05 01/07/2016 10:05 Remote calibration SO2 CK 8/8/16

01/07/2016 09:25 01/07/2016 09:25 Data transmission error due to

maintenance All parameters CK 8/8/16

01/07/2016 13:10 31/07/2016 16:00

Intermittent shadow on sensor occurring

between approximately 13:00 and 16:00

throughout the month

SRAD CK 8/8/16

04/07/2016 06:15 04/07/2016 06:25 Intermittent data transmission errors SO2 CK 8/8/16

21/07/2016 13:55 21/07/2016 14:00 Maintenance performed by MRM staff -

filter change and instrument check

SO2 CK 8/8/16


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Table 15: MRM Devils Spring Valid Data Exception Table

Start Date End Date Reason Change

Details

User

Name

Change

Date

01/07/2016 00:00 31/07/2016 23:55

Automatic internal reference checks

occurring every night between 23:50 and

00:00

SO2 CK 8/08/16

01/07/2016 01:00 31/07/2016 01:40 Automatic calibration checks occurring

every night between 01:00 and 01:40 SO2 CK 8/08/16

01/07/2016 01:45 30/07/2016 02:15 Intermittent instrument stabilisation

following automatic calibration checks SO2 CK 8/08/16

01/07/2016 10:20 01/07/2016 10:40 Remote calibration SO2 CK 8/08/16

05/07/2016 01:55 06/07/2016 00:00 Offset +0.002ppm applied to data to correct

baseline SO2 CK 8/08/16

18/07/2016 01:55 18/07/2016 10:20 Offset +0.008ppm applied to data to correct

baseline SO2 CK 8/08/16

18/07/2016 10:25 18/07/2016 11:10 Power interruption and subsequent SO2

stabilisations following power interruptions

WS, WD,

SO2 CK 8/08/16

27/07/2016 08:55 27/07/2016 09:30 Power interruption and subsequent SO2

stabilisations following power interruptions

WS, WD,

SO2 CK 8/08/16


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7. Report Summary Data capture for SO2 at Devils Spring was 95% for SO2 and 100% capture for wind speed and wind

direction.

Data capture at Borroloola Caravan was 95% for SO2 and 100% for wind speed, wind direction,

ambient temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure and rainfall. Percentage data

capture for solar radiation during July 2016 was 96%.

There were no recorded exceedances over the SO2 air quality goals for either station during July

2016.

------------------------------------------------END OF REPORT-------------------------------------


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Appendix 1 - Definitions & Abbreviations deg Degrees (True North)

m/s Metres per second

ppb Parts per billion

Sigma

Sigma Theta is the standard deviation of the horizontal wind direction fluctuations

over the averaging period.

SO2 Sulfur dioxide

WD Vector Wind Direction

WS Vector Wind Speed


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Appendix 2 - Explanation of Exception Table Automatic background check refers to when analyser samples zero air and measures the level of the

concentration voltage. This voltage is taken as the zero signal level and this value is subtracted from

any subsequent readings as an active zero compensation. This is the analyser’s fine zero

measurement.

Calibration check outside tolerance refers to when the calibration values are outside the tolerance

limits set for the precision check.

Calibration correction factor applied to data refers to an offset or multiplier applied to the data. This

operation may be performed for a number of reasons including: (a) when a clear trend / drift outside

the tolerance limit can be demonstrated by repeated operation precision checks, (b) when a

correction is required on previously logged data due to a calibration check being outside the allowable

tolerance

Commissioning refers to the initial setup and calibration of the instrument when it is first installed.

For some instruments there may be a stabilisation period before normal operation commences.

Data affected by environmental conditions – wind speed / wind speed gust spike refers to when a

one-off high reading occurs due to a natural occurrence such as a bird sitting on the wind sensor, or

some other event causing the readings to spike.

Data transmission error refers to a period of time when the instrument could not transmit data. This

may be due to interference, or a problem with the phone line or modem.

Equipment malfunction/instrument fault refers to a period of time when the instrument was not in

the normal operating mode and did not measure a representative value of the existing conditions.

Gap in data/data not available refers to a period of time when either data has been lost or could not

be collected.

Instrument Alarm refers to an alarm produced by the instrument. A range of alarms can be produced

depending on how operation of the instrument is being affected.

Instrument out of service refers to a lack of data due to an instrument being shut down for repair,

maintenance, or factory calibration.

Linear offset or multiplier refers to when an offset or multiplier has been applied between two points

where the values of the offset or multiplier are different and the correction is interpolated between

the two points.


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Logger error refers to when an error occurs and instrument readings are not correctly recorded by

the logger.

Maintenance refers to a period of time when the logger / instrument was switched off due to

maintenance.

Overnight span/zero out of tolerance refers to when the span/zero reading measured by the analyser

during an automatic precision check falls outside of the expected concentration limits.

Overnight zero out of tolerance refers to when the automatic zero reading measured by the analyser

falls outside the expected limits.

Power Interruption refers to no power to the station therefore no data was collected at this time.

Remote Calibration refers to when a technician remotely connects to the station and manually

performs a span check.

Static offset or multiplier refers to when a single offset or multiplier has been applied to the data

between two points either to increase or decrease the measured value.

Warm up after power interruption refers to the startup period of an instrument after power has been

restored.

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