Maya Sarah: Pengolahan limbah cair industri fatty alcohol..., 2000 ...

Transcript of Maya Sarah: Pengolahan limbah cair industri fatty alcohol..., 2000 ...

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AnSTRAK

Pembuatan fatty alcohol melalui proses iransesterifikasi danhidrogenasi menghasilkan produk /OI1V alcohol. rnctil ester. ghserin danglycertn pitch sebagai limbah. Gtvcerm puch merupakan cairan kcntalmcnyerupai pasta bcrwarna gclap kccoklatan dengan kandungan CODsebesar 1,8 - 2: juta mg/l, Pembuangan glycerine pitch menjaeli problematikatersendiri yang harus ditangani secara serius hila elikaitkan dengankecenderungan peningkatan pemanfaaian biocliesel dari metil ester eli masayang akan datang.

Pengolahan carnpuran glycerine pitch dan limbah cair industri inisecara anaerobik merupakan salah satu alternatif yang clikaji kelayakannyadalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini terbagi alas percobaan pendahuluan danpercobaan utamayang berlangsung pada temperatur 37"C dengan parameterpercobaan yang eliukur mencakup COD, MLSS, pH, TVA, alkalinitas danproduk biogas yang terbentuk,

Percobaan pendahuluan berlangsung dalam bioreaktor batchdengan varialbel percobaan : sumber dan jumlah inokulum serta jenispengencer glycerin pitch. Percobaan pendahuluan merekomendasikanpemakaian inokulum yang bersumber dari bak ekualisasi unit pengolahlimbah P.T. Batamas Megah sebesar25% untuk mengolah limbah cair pactapercobaan utama. Pengencer glycerin pitch yang elipilih adalah air limbah . I

dan unit clistilasi metil ester dan glycerin water evaporation dcngan CODumpan 46.120 mgll.

Percohaan utama berlangsung dalam bioreaktor batch danBioreaktor Berpenyekat Anaerobik (BIOPAN) dengan variabel percobaan :konsentrasiumpan dan glycerin pitch serta tipe bioreaktor yang eligunakan.Perbandingan antara pengencer, yaitu air limbah dati unit distilasi metilester dan glycerin water evaporation, dengan glycerin pitch dalam kondisinormal (N) adalah 81: 62 : 1,8, yang dirancang sesuai dengan kondisi aktuaIdilapangan (pabrik). Pengeuceran umpan meningkatkan efisiensi penyisihanCOD('l) dan produk biogas. Untuk COD umpan normal (N), 0,8N, 0,6Ndan 0,4N, maka '1 adalah 34,80/0, 43,90/0, 46,3% dan 47,60/0, sedangkanvolume biogas yang clihasilkan adalah 310 mI, 326 mI, 741 ml dan 1.535mI. Sebaliknya peningkaran konsentrasi glycerin pitch dati normal menjaeli1l0% dan 120% normal menurnnkan '1 hingga 12,4%(1I0%N) dan5,1%(120%N). KineJja pengolahan Ierbaik dalam penelitian ini diperolehpacta pengolahan dengan B10PAN yang menghasilkan '1 sebesar 80,4%untuk CODumpan O,4N.

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ABSTRACT

Fatty alcohol production by trans-esterification and hydrogenationprocess produces fatty alcohol, methyl esters, glycerin and also glycerinpitch as wastes. Glycerin pitch is a dark-brown viscous liquid, whichcontains 1.8 - 2 million mg/! organic matters in term of COD. Glycerinpitch disposal could become a serious problem that needed to be handle, asbiodiesel utilization from methYlesters will be increasing in the future.

The combined treatment of glycerin pitch and other fatty alcoholwastewater in anaerobic process is the technique investigating in this study.The experiment in this study were divided into preliminary and main ones,both carried out at the temperature of 37"C with the following parametersevaluated, namely COD, MLSS, pH, TVA, alkalinity and biogas production.

The preliminary experiment was conducted in an anaerobic batchdigester with variables, i.e, the type and amount of inoculum and the type ofdilution wastewater used and the ratio of glycerin pitch to wastewater. Theexperiment recommended the utilization of inoculum from P.T. BatantasMegah in amount of 25% working volume be used in the main experiments.Moreover, the wastewater snitable for dilution was the combination ofwastewater from methyl ester distillation and glycerin water evaporationunit with the COD of 46,720 mg/l.

The main experiments were conducted both in the anaerobic batchdigester and anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) with the variables i.e. influentconcentration and glycerin pitch concentration. The ratio between thedilution agent (methyl esters distillation and glycerin water evaporationunit) and glycerin pitch in the normal condition during experiment was (81 :62) : 1.8, respectively. The experiment result shows that the dilution ofinfluent concentration increased COD reduction efficiency (11) and biogasproduction. The 11 for normal concentration (N); 0.8N; 0.6N; O.4N were34.8%; 43.9%; 46.3% and 47.6% while the biogas produced were 310 ml;326 ml; 741 ml and 1.535 mi. respectively. Meanwhile, by increasing theglycerin pitch concentration to 1111"'" and 120% from normal conditiondecreased the 11 from 47.6% 10 l:!.4%IlJO% normal) and 5.1~"<120%

normal). The best treatment performance was achieved by using ABR with '1of 80.4% for influent concentration of O.4N.

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