May 21, 2013 ASTEX 2013 Economic Forum Astana, Kazakhstan.

Global E-Governance Model: Focused on Intersectoral Governance (ISG )

Frameworks

May 21, 2013

Alexei Tikhomirov (Acting Head, UNPOG)Seunghwan Myeong (Professor, Inha University)

ASTEX 2013Economic Forum

Astana, Kazakhstan

Contents

I. Introduction

II.Social Network Technologies and So-cial Change

III.Contingency Models of E-government

IV.Intersectoral Governance (ISG ) Frameworks

V. Open Government

VI.Vision and Work Plan of UNPOG

VII.Conclusion I & II

Introduction

The Social Network System (SNS) revolutionizes the paradigm of public administration in many aspects-agenda setting, organiza-tion settings, work practices, and policy evaluations.

It also opens the possibility of a new governance model over-coming the previous limitations of E-government services which are provider-oriented, frequently missing timeliness, and ineffi-cient in communications with unanimous customers.

Korean government is now in the middle of transition to find more citizen-oriented services with more tailored and specific so-lutions to the target population.

Introduction

The issues of e-government cannot simply be approached in a single organization or just across organizations without understanding dy-namic interactions between different organiza-tions and people which influence organizational settings, power structures, and even cultures with each other. These are challenges of future e-government as well as issues for public admin-istration.

• According to Gartner, top 10 future strategic tech-nologies in the next three years include Mobile-Cen-tric Applications and Interfaces, Contextual and So-cial User Experience, Internet of Things, App Stores ,Cloud Computing and so on.

• Especially, “…cloud is a disruptive force and has the potential for broad long-term impact in most indus-tries. Hybrid cloud computing manage and govern the entire cloud spectrum will be a major focus for 2012” (Gartner, 2012).

Web2.0

Web 2.0 is defined intersection of web appli-cation features that facilitate participatory information sharing, interoperability, user-centered design, and collaboration on the World Wide Web (From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia).

Web3.0Web 3.0 is defined as the creation of high-quality content and services produced by gifted individuals using Web 2.0 technology as an enabling platform.

Social Network Technologies and Social Change

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_sharing

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interoperability

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User-centered_design

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaboration

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web

Social Network Technologies and Social Change

It is quite interesting that new emerging technologies require e-governance perspective focusing on collaboration of govern-ments, private organizations, and NGOs across various levels and boundaries.

New technologies also show possibilities of overcoming weakness of governance which still dependent on administrators of each dif-ferent levels of organizations (government, private, NGO).

Web 2.0 services follow a self-service model rather than being an administrator dependent. For instance, Apple’s App market is a self service platform for individual App producers.

Web 3.0 is more individualized and decentralized self-service model in a tightly engaged network and platform. Gov 3.0 based upon web 3.0 needs to provide more tailored services toward each specific individual as well as collaborating with privates and citizens as a partner or sometimes as a mediator.

Contingency Models of E-governance

● Social, political, and economic elements influence the implementation of

E-Government greatly.

These include ① information infrastructure of a country,

② human resources,

③ leadership and vision,

④ maintenance of a legal system,

⑤ a revolutionary public administration system (UNDPEPA & ASPA,2002).

● The 2010 United Nations e-Government Survey presented various roles for e-government in

addressing the ongoing world financial and economic crisis:

(i) the public trust that is gained through transparency can be further enhanced through the

free sharing of government data based on open standards;

(ii) the ability of e-government to handle speed and complexity can also underpin regulatory

reform; and

(iii) empowering citizens to question the actions of regulators and bring systemic issues to the

fore.

Contingency Models of E-governance

● First, e-government has to increase productivity and efficiency by utilizing informa-

tion technologies in public administration. However, it should improve citizens’quality

of life as its highest objective by reconsidering transparency of public administration

and democracy.

● Second, e-government should provide adequate and efficient civil services by ap-

plying information technologies in the right places. In order to make this a reality, civil

services have to be reformed to emphasize citizen-oriented work processes

● Third, e-government must reengineer public administration processes that include

a systematic effort that challenge traditional vertical bureaucratic models.

● Fourth, e-government should refer not only to information-oriented civil services;

it also has to be an advanced model of government in an information society and

consider society’s equilibrium through extended civil services under democratic

ideals.

Configuration Elements for Implementing E-governance

Contingency Model for E-governance

Industrial-society E-government Information-society

E-government Next Generation E-government

E-government Generation

Government 1.0 Government 2.0 Government 3.0World Wide Web Web 2.0 Web 3.0

Services

- One way service- Digitalization of services-Limited amounts of information is -closed - Services subject to temporal and spatial constraints

-Intersection of gov’t & private-sector services -Creation of new values through new services-Two-way information exchange -Extended range of information disclosure - Mobile services

-Personalized and customizable services-Proactive, Intelligent services-Interactive information exchange-Real-time information disclosure -Uninterrupted supply of services

Accessibility- Gov-centered- First-stop-shop- Single portals

- Citizen-centered- One-stop-shop- Service integration

-Individual-centered- My Gov-Personalized government service portals

Technological environment

Channels Fixed internet Fixed and wireless internetIntegration between fixed-wireless

internet and mobile devices (channel integration)

Process Integration

Processing of unit tasks

Process integration(public/private sector collaboration)

Service integration

Enabling technology

Browser, web storage

Broadband,rich link/content models

Semantic technology, sensor networks

Evolution and Elements of E-government (E-governance) Model

(Source: Kim, S. T. 2011. The Future Strategy of Korea for Building a Smart Society)

http://www.unpog.org 12

Intersectoral Governance (ISG ) Frameworks


ISG Arrangements


Decision Making Process of ISG

Organizations

Decision-Making Stages at the national level

Exposing a problem

Working out a program

Realizing a program

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Govt. Sector

Higher governing bodies (PresidentParliament etc.)

Ministries/Agencies

Local (provincial) governing bodies

Business

Sector

Large, Small & Medium Business

Civil SocietySector

CSOs (NGOs, unions, public chambers etc.)


Technological Aspects of ISG

Decision Making

Exposure of the prob-

lem

Implemen-tation of the programme

Working out the

programme

I

II III


• Conceptualizing ISG

• Review of the Legal/Regulatory Framework

• Market-based Incentives for ISG

• Recording Public-Private Partnership

• Provisioning Social Services

• Strengthening & Capacity Building of NGOs• New mechanisms to address the economic and fi-

nancial crisis• New e-Governance model

Suggestions


Open Government: Open Source Software (OSS) and Open

Data Standards (ODS)


Open Government Structure

Open Government as a Manifold

• Open • Closed

Information Flows



• Open Information Flows



Open Government as a Manifold

=> OSS + ODS

• OSS and ODS provide better security

• One can do what one wants with the code and with the data



Open Government needs => OSS + ODS


• Political aspects, concepts related to governmental tasks, goals and responsibilities like freedom and equality, digital endurance, digital heritage and stimulation of innovation;

• Economic aspects, related to cost reduction and market health;

• Social aspects, in particular for education and team work support;

• Managerial and/or technical aspects, in particular quality of the products in terms of stability and reliability, transparency, support and security;

• legal aspects, related to licensing and liability.

IDABC, The Many Aspects of Open Source. Retrieved, 14th January 2007, from http://ec.europa.eu/idabc/en/document/1744

OSS Aspects


• An open standard is accessible to everyone free of charge;

• An open standard of necessity remains accessible and free of charge;

• An open standard is accessible free of charge and documented in all its details;

Danish Board of Technology. Definition of open standards. Re-trieved, 14th January 2007, from http://www.oio.dk/files/040622_Definition_of_open_standards.pdf

ODS aspects

Smart Government

And Vision of UNPOG

Smart E-Government (Governance)

“Smart E-Government (Governance)” is designed as new model for government in smart society.

Smart e-government is connected with Gov 3.0 predicted as future government model.

Gov 3.0 is the government admin-istrative system, national system toward cooper-ative companion’s role by redesign administrative work method.Gov 3.0 is also the process based on highly intelligent ICT & social-based platform which can create productive and democratic added-value continuously by mu-tual trade among social mem-bers.

Cooperative government

TransparentGovernmentIntelligent

Government

Smart & Platform Government

Cooperative, Intelligent and Transparent governmentCooperative, Intelligent and Transparent government

Source : Myeong(2012)

Government

Platform

Platform

Platform

Citizen

Private sector

Resource Input

Platform Service-Mutual Communication

Platform Government

Resource Input

Platform Service-Mutual Communication

Paths for Value added products

A Step toward Smart Government

11

22

33

44

Local governments should play a role of platform provider and collaborative supporter.

Intelligent government should provide a customized service to meet with people’s specific demands through life cycles.

The government should supervise violators of the game, and arbitrate for conflicts that may impair communication, participation, and confidence of smart society.

The local government should maximized accessibility of complicated network by considering multi-dimensional aspect of a local society.


2013 Vision/Work Plan of UNPOG


Role is to assist Member States in achieving interna-tionally agreed development goals, through re-search and knowledge sharing on the various facets of institutional development, electronic and mobile gov-ernance, and citizen’s engagement.

Strengthening governance systems at the national and local levels to spread good governance among UN member states, focusing on e-Gov-ernance.

Promote cooperation among public agencies, private sectors and civil society organizations, while facilit-ating both North-South and South-South exchanges of good practices in governance and public admin-istration.

Vision of UNPOG


• Global e-Government forum, Korea, 17-18 Oct 2012- Titled as “Smart e-Government for the Better Future”- Sharing experiences and best practices on building e-Government

and e-Governance at the international levels- Enhancing cooperation, and developing inter-working mechanisms

among e-Government stakeholders including policy makers, UN experts, scholars and private sector experts

• Workshop on Gender Mainstreaming and e-Gover-nance, Bangkok in Thailand, Nov 2012

• Workshop on e-Government for Afghanistan Govern-ment, Dec 2012- Organizing a workshop for 15 CIOs from Afghanistan- Discussing about establishing the internet centre and dispatching

IT officials to contribute to development of e-Government of Afghanistan

Capacity Development


Research and Policy Development• UNPACS Research• Methodology for Development of e-Government Pro-

grammes and Their implementation as a Part of So-cio-economic Strategy

• Open Government Data & Information Security• Gender Mainstreaming & e-Governance• E-Procurement Research• Advanced Study on Global e-Governance & Leader-

ship in Cooperation with Inha University / Then, train-ing course will be provided

Research and Policy Development


Communication & Outreach• Articles and papers on UNDESA and UNPOG’s sub-

stantive capacity development activities• Publication of the best practices on UNPSA• Meetings with Ministry of Public Administration and

Security (MOPAS) and other Korean government agencies to engage them into UNPOG’s activities

• Advocacy and outreach activities through presenta-tions or lectures on UNPOG’s research and capacity development achievements in universities and gov-ernments etc

• Website revamping for better information delivery

Communications and Outreach

Conclusion I: Old E-Government is Gone !

In the era of governance, e-government study should not to be

in the dichotomy dilemma of ‘science’ or ‘art’.

It should entail both consensus building and effective imple-

mentation, while selecting a good conducting leader with a

good governance orchestra for a good performance.

NPM-oriented and bureaucratic e-government model are declin-

ing in popularity because of its narrow and managerial per-

spectives while ignoring differences of philosophies, histories,

cultures, politics, and governments among countries.

• Government is not the only entity to drive or lead social changes, and we have witnessed the government failure in many occasions in the field of public administration, economy, financial market, and global trade in the era of governance.

• Government is now needed to seriously look at a new posi-tion in the ground of Web 3.0 which is more individualized and decentralized self-service model in a tightly engaged network and platform.

• Government needs to provide more tailored services toward each targeted individual as well as cooperatively engaging in privates and citizens as a partner or sometimes as a referee for keeping a fair game.

• E-government people in the future need capabilities of pre-diction and analysis in a timely manner, abilities of dialogue and moderation with local and global clients, and philosophies of balancing democracy and efficiency.

Conclusion II: New E-Governance is Com-ing!

Thank you.

Do you have any Questions?

May 21, 2013 ASTEX 2013 Economic Forum Astana, Kazakhstan.

Documents

Transcript of May 21, 2013 ASTEX 2013 Economic Forum Astana, Kazakhstan.