MAPA 1 by Gary Granada

TO MY FAVORITE LYRICIST

Limayang Kilima

PASASALAMAT

Luke GranadaPsychology

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Eli ClementePolitical Science


Liza Mae LipaeEngineering


Kiel GranadaMathematics


Chique ArcillaEnglish Studies


Arthur NeameAgriculture

UNIVERSITY OF WALESRural Development

UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA

Richard RomorosaZeny Begaso

Thelma DomingoGARYGRANADA MUSICWORKS

KAALAGADKATIPUNANG KRISTIYANO

MAPA 1

Mga Awit na magagamit sapagtalakay ng Panlipunang Aralin

Para sa mga paksangKasaysayan, Sibika, Literatura at Musika

GARY GRANADA

Our form of government is called ademocracy because power residesnot in the hands of an elite minority,but of the whole people. When it is aquestion of settling private disputes,everyone is equal before the law.When it is a question of putting oneperson before another in positionsof public responsibility, what countsis not membership in a particularclass but one’s actual competence.

Here each individual is interestednot only in his own affairs but in theaffairs of the state as well. We do notsay that a man who takes no interestin matters concerning social justiceis a man who simply minds his ownbusiness and meddles with nothing;we say that he is good for nothing.

Pericles of Athens(495-429 B.C.)

Pambungad

01 Dam

02 Paligid

03 Puhunan

04 Kababaihan

05 Pedrong Pako

06 Ang Aking Kubo

07 Lupang Hinirang

08 Dakilang Maylikha

09 Boto ng Pagbabago

10 Itatawid, Ihahatid Kita

11 Kapag Sinabi Ko sa Iyo

12 Kung Alam Mo Lang Violy

13 Sana’y Di Ka Masanay

14 Minsa’y Isang Bansa

15 Sa Dulang ng Ama

16 Eroplanong Papel

17 Kung Ika’y Wala

18 Nasa Pagkilos

19 Sambayanan

20 Lalawigan

21 Kasama

22 Balon

Balangkas

Nilalaman

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Pambungad

Fifty thousand years ago in Southern France, a long-haired Cro-Magnonrock star named Yesyesio carved a flute out of a bone. Probably the bone ofhis agent who could not get him regular gigs around the cavern taverns.They had yet to invent the letters with which to spell intellectual property,but no matter. The guy was having fun, and he was eating well.

Today my favorite band The Jerks has a gig at Tiendesitas where theysometimes play original creations that don’t make it to the charts either.And just like the authors of the obscure songs of Patatag, Tulisanes, Buklod,Inang Laya, Jess Santiago, Paul Galang, and Ka Arting, I am a card-carryingmember of a club of experts at composing music that don’t get radio airplay.But I won’t have it any other way. A little knowledge is truly fatal!

I could not anymore recall how I came to understand and believe,rightly or wrongly, that the real battleground for change is the Classroom.And that teachers lead the charge right at the frontlines where the staunchlyloyal armies of subservience, superstition, and learning by rote are ever eagerto frustrate science and the better instincts of humans to resist subjugation.

Hindi kalabisan ang sabihing ang bukas ay nasa kamay ng mga Guro.At dito ako malubhang nangangamba para sa kahihinatnan ng ating bansa.Tuwing naririnig ko ang mga kabataan, hindi lahat pero di yata’t karamihan,ang tatanda na nila! Walang apoy ang kanilang mga sikmura, walang unos sakanilang mga mata, lampa ang mga dila, at walang talim ang imahinasyon.Kahina-hinayang ang mga ulong naglalakihang puro pansarili ang laman.

Kasalanan ito ng mga guro, o ng lipunan na walang pagpapahalagasa mga tagabuhat ng kaalaman at kamalayan. Ako minsa’y naging guro rin.Kung ibig talagang gampanang masinop ang pagiging titser ay mauubos dihamak ang iyong oras, pasensya, lakas, at buhok. Hindi ko ito nakayanan.Ngunit ayaw kong talikdan ang pagtuturo. Kaya sa pamamagitan man lamangng munting aklat-aklatan na ito, ang aking kaluluwa ay kahabagan nawa.

Nga pala, dun sa mga tumangkilik nito, salamat po. Sana po ay maymapulot kayong kapaki-pakinabang. At sakali mang magustuhan ninyo,regaluhan nyo na rin kaya ang iba pang mga gurong inyong kakilala hehe.

Wala po akong intensyong gumawa ng ready made na lesson plan.I’ve simply set out questions that you, as teachers, might like to think about,and perhaps raise with your students. The rest is up to you, mga MamSer.

GG, February 2013

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So you took up Pol Sci in Diliman, and there was this homework?

Ay hindi po. Yung father ko po kasi ay may mga cassette tapes n’yo, hehe.Yun lagi pinatutugtog n’ya kaya ayun kinalakihan ko na yung music n’yo.Noong nasa UP na po ako, may nagtitinda ng mga albums sa Shopping.Doon po ako bumibili ng mga CDs n’yo minsan. Pinangreregalo ko pa nga,pero bihira po yung may alam ng mga kanta n’yo, maliban po doon sa mgatulad ng Ginebra songs, Mabuti Pa Sila, Salamat Musika, o Kahit Konti.

So you are really a fan, hehe. It’s very rare for me to meet a young personwho knows my songs. Lalo pa yung mga piyesang mas substantive.

Ay alam ko po halos lahat ng songs n’yo. At meron ako nung mga albums.Syempre fan ako talaga, pero tingin ko po talaga makakatulong sana kungyung mga compositions n’yo ay marinig ng marami pang mga kabataan.Yung teacher ko nga po ng PI 100 ay ginagamit yung musical n’yong Rizal.Tapos gumawa pa ako minsan ng paper tungkol naman sa Lean Musical.Pero ang pinaka favorite ko pa rin talaga ay yung album n’yong Live sa UP.

Ay, yun nga rin ang pinakagusto ko sa lahat ng albums na ginawa ko, hehe.Alam mo, tsamba lang yung pagkagawa nun. We were just tinkering withthis new digital audio recording gadget. Nung pinakinggan ko na sa office,ang linis pala ng quality, ang linaw. So we decided to release the recording.You won’t believe it, but it still sells after twenty years. Sa UP nga lang.

Aren’t you frustrated that not too many people appreciate your music?

If I were a musician who happens to be a teacher, I’d be disheartened.But because I’m a teacher who happens to know a little bit of music,the challenge is how to put that little talent to some use. In teaching.

Kaya nga rin po ako excited sa project na ito. Makakatulong po talagaito sa mga guro at mga estudyante. I’m sure it’s going to be a bestseller.

Wag kang mag-alala, madali lang to mag-bestseller. May malipasan langng gutom at bibili ng 50 copies, mabe-break na yung record ko, hehe.

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HUNTAHAN

8

Dam

Em C B7Sa ngalan ng huwad na kaunlaran Em C B7Ang bayan ay sa utang nadiinEm C B7At ito na ang kabayaranEm C B7Ang kanunu-nunuang lupain

Am B7 EmAng mga eksperto'y nagsasayaAm B7 EmAt nagpupuri at sumasamba Am B7 EmSa wangis ng diyus-diyosan nilaF#7 B7 EmAng dambuhalang dam

Am7 D7 GDamdam damdam damda dadam Am Adim EmDamdam damdam damda dadam F B7 EmDamdam damdam damda dadamF#7 B7 EmAng dambuhalang dam

Em C B7Ang mga tribu'y nagtatatangisEm C B7Nananaghoy at nababaliw Em C B7Habang ang mga turistang mababangisEm C B7Nalilibang at naaaliw

Am B7 EmSa mga pulubing nagsasayaw Am B7 EmMga katutubo ng ApayaoAm B7 EmNa napaalis kahit umayaw F#7 B7 EmAlang-alang sa dam

Am7 D7 GDamdam damdam damda dadam Am Adim EmDamdam damdam damda dadam F B7 EmDamdam damdam damda dadamF#7 B7 EmAng dambuhalang dam

Am B7 EmTitigan ninyo ang gahiganteng bato Am B7 EmNagsasalarawan ng lipunang ito F B7 EmTulad ng mga gumawa rin nito F#7 B7 EmWalang pakiramdam

2 3

Em

3 4 2 1

C

x 2 1 3 4

B7

2 3 1

Am

1 3 1 2 1 1

F#7

2 1

Am7

x 2 1 3

D7

3 2 4

G

x 1 3 2 4

Adim

1 3 4 2 1 1

F

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Katutubo

If we go by mitochondrial DNA backpedalling, Genesis nailed the continentbut is about half-a-dozen countries and around a hundred millenia off-mark.The current consensus of course points to Southern Africa. Out of Africa,depending on which theory you prefer, our genetic ancestors spread acrossthe globe supposedly through a series of so-called “waves of migration.”Sorry Luzviminda, hindi galing sa kawayan ang nunong Malakas at Maganda,and neither did one of Adam’s baby back ribs morph into Eve.

A full century before Magellan reached our shores, Muslim crusaderswere already converting natives to Islam. How come the Spaniards came?Because imperialism is habit forming. When the Moors were overturnedin the Iberian peninsula, religious zeal, naval technology, and good old greedfired up the victors to chase their destiny all the way around the globe.

The second stage of wholesale religious conversion of the natives,this time to Judeo-Christianism, was way more pervasive. As it turned out,the Muslims lost turfs in Luzon and in the Visayas and retreated to theirstronghold Mindanao. And so the archipelago became peopled predominantlyby now Christianized natives, alongside the natives who had become Muslims,and those pockets of gallant natives who resisted and to this day stubbornlydecry cultural and political assimilation. Sila naman ang tinataguriang mgaKatutubong Pilipino, a contradiction in terms for sure, just like the labelMuslim Filipinos—natives and converts named after their King who never was.

Throughout their harsh rule which lasted more than three hundredyears, the Catholic Spaniards never gained complete effective political grip,much less cultural hegemony, over Mindanao. Neither did the Protestantssucceed in totally overturning tribal faiths following the mock takeover byimperial USA. Hence the term “tri-people,” the platform and frameworkpopularly employed by peacebuilding advocates—referring to Christians,Muslims, and lumad, the Cebuano-Visayan word for native.

From South (close to two-thirds are found in Mindanao) to North(about a third in the Cordilleras in Luzon), a horde of issues gravely threatentribal communities down to their very existence—from corporate aggressionand armed conflicts to social exclusion and conflicting state land use policies.The Philippine Constitution along with the more focused Indigenous PeoplesRights Act of 1997 are in fact unequivocal with regard to the primacy of therights of indigenous peoples to self determination and their prerogative toassume effective jurisdiction over their ancestral domains. And yet, and yet.

STUDY GUIDE IDEAS

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Magsulat ng sanaysay hinggil sa ibig sabihin ng salitang “kaunlaran.”

Anu-ano ang karaniwang mga palatandaan na maunlad ang isang lugar?

Gumawa ng listahan ng limang projects para sa mga katutubo ng bansa,kung magkano ang budget ng mga ito, at kung saan kinuha ang pondo.

Sa kaninong bulsa nanggagaling ang pambayad sa mga proyektong ito?Sino ba talaga ang pangunahing nakikinabang sa mga gastusing ganito?Nakaigi ba o nakapinsala ang mga ito sa bansa at taumbayan? Paano?

Balik-aralan ang buhay, kasaysayan, at pakikibaka ni Macliing Dulag.Bakit hindi sinang-ayunan ng mga katutubo ang project ng gobyerno?

Ano ang ginawa ng militar kay Macliing Dulag? Sino ang may utos samga sundalo na gawin ito? Makatuwiran ba ang ginawa ng gobyerno?

Dapat bang palaging sundin ng militar ang lahat ng utos sa kanila ngkanilang mga nakatataas? Ipaliwanag at ipangatuwiran ang iyong sagot.

Ang mga pangyayari bang tulad nito ay masasabing madalas maganapo di kaya’y pawang mga “isolated cases” lamang? Patunayan ang sagot.

Anong mga prinsipyong nasa likod ng pahayag na ito ni Macliing Dulag?

Ilarawan ang pang-araw-araw na buhay ng mga katutubo sa ating bansa.Anu-anong mga tribo? Saang banda sa Pilipinas? Gaano sila karami?Isalaysay ang kanilang mga tradisyon at kaugalian sa malikhaing paraan.

"You ask if we own the land. You mock us. Where is your title?Where are the documents to prove that you own the land? Title.Documents. Proof. Such arrogance of owning land when you areowned by it. How can you own that which outlives you? Only thepeople own the land because only the people live forever. To claima place is the birthright of everyone. The lowly animals claim theirplace, how much more of human beings. They are born to live."

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Yun kasing resistance ng mga katutubo sa isang mapanirang proyektongipinipilit ng gobyerno, bagaman ikinasawi ng buhay ni Macliing Dulagna kanilang pinuno, yung sama-samang pakikipaglaban ng mga Kalingaay isang napaka-inspiring na halimbawa ng effectiveness ng organizedresistance. Naging rallying point ito hindi lamang para sa mga katutubosa Cordillera, kundi sa usapin ng ancestral domain sa buong bansa.

Meron po ba naman kayong karanasang may kinalaman sa mga katutubo?

Yung bayan na kung saan ako isinilang at nag-aral ng elementarya at highschool ay halong komunidad ng Christian settlers, Muslim, at katutubo.Ang katutubo ay mga Ata o Mansaka ng Mindanao. Kumpara mo sa mgaMuslim at Kristiyano, di hamak na mas dehado silang mga katutubo.Kung sino pa yung lumad sa lugar ng may lugar, sila pa tuloy yungwalang lupa at kabuhayan. Tinutuya pa madalas ng mga tao na wala rinnamang sapat na kamulatan para makaunawa. Hmmm, paano nga ba.

Yun po bang tono ng kanta na Dam ay galing sa katutubong musika?

Naku hindi, e. Nakakahiya mang aminin, halos wala akong malay saarts ng mga katutubo. Ang pagkakaalam ko lang ay kadalasan angkanilang musical scale ang tawag ay pentatonic, kasi may limang nota.Ang kabisado ko naman ay gin tonic, hehe. Pero may kaibigan akonglumad talagang Manobo at nagsusulat ng mga kanta, si Bayang Barrios.Bukod sa kanta, ang husay pa sa katutubong sayaw. Panoorin mo minsan.

Bakit po kaya parang lagi na lang na kinakawawa ang mga katutubo?

Di mo mahiwalay syempre ang usapin ng lahi sa economic interests.Kung mapapansin mo, yung mga lugar ng mga katutubo ang mayamansa natural wealth, kasi yung kultura nila ay hindi mapanira sa paligid.Kaya ang tingin ng mga ganid na negosyante at mga taong-gobyerno salugar ng mga katutubo ay magandang oportunidad na pagkakakitaan.Ang lupain ng ating mga ninuno, baw. Ninakaw ng mga prayle at mgamayayamang ilustrado, sa mga higanteng logging companies ay nakalbo,at hindi pa dun nakuntento, hinukay pa ng mga dambuhalang minero.

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HUNTAHAN

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Paligid

D DM7 G6Walang madadapuan ang mandaragit Em7 A7 G DWalang mapupugaran ang ibong pipit D DM7 G6Walang maiaalay na daho't sanga Em7 A7 D--D7Ang gubat na namamatay na

G DWalang masisilungan ang hito't dalag A7 G DWalang matataguan ang hipon at kasag G DSila ay lilipulin sa madali't malaon Bm Bm7 E79 Em7--A7Walang patatawarin sa sabog at lason

D DM7 G6Wala nang gagamasin ang manggagamas Em7 A7 G DWala ring gagapasin ang manggagapas D DM7 G6Ang dagat na ating ikinabubuhay Em7 A7 D--D7Ay dagat na ikinamamatay

G DSusunod na ang mais at palay A7 G DAt mga hayop na walang kamalay-malay G DAng mga bulaklak, tutubi't palaka Bm Bm7 E79 Em7--A7At ang kalaro nilang ating mga bata

x 1 3 2

D

x 1 1 1

DM7

3 2

G6

2 3

A7

3 2 4

G

x 2 1 3

D7

2 1 4 3

E79

2 4

Em7

1 1 3 1 2 1

Bm7

1 1 3 4 2 1

Bm

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D DM7 G6Walang manghihinayang sa aking awitin Em7 A7 G DWalang makikinabang sa iyong mithiin D DM7 G6Dahil walang nagmamasid at nababahalaEm7 A7 G DHabang ang paligid napipinsala

Hello Cruel World

Just because the fossil thumbprints from the Cambrian period are said tobe unprecedented in number does not outrightly mean that there were fewerliving organisms crawling on Earth prior to that period. It could be thatthey had yet to develop bones or shells that make dents, that make fossils,that make it to the record books. In any case, there were in fact true-to-lifekiller numbers, and you could say that our planet has a history of violence.At least five major ones if biologists and paleontologists are to be believed.

“Extinctions,” that’s what they call them, presumably precipitatedby a number of natural events. Like the falling of sea levels (drasticallyshrinking fertile continental shelves), supervolcanic eruptions (causing,for one, acid rains that poison living things thus collapsing food chains),lethal impact from an incoming large fragment of a comet or an asteroid(the all-time favorite suspect in the Dinosaur Murders), including extendedglobal cooling and sustained global warming.

The last two items mentioned are of particular concern to humansbecause while there isn’t much one can do to push a tectonic plate this orthat way, scientists warn that, more than in any other period in the last fivehundred million years, our species could cause more life forms to die out,thanks to large scale mining, overlogging, overfishing, overhunting, air andwater poisoning, overproduction, and other unsustainable human follies.That, and the explosion of human populations in the last two hundred years.And you thought everybody has heard of “carrying capacity.”

Yes, eventually, unless physicists get to figure a way around ourcosmic fate, we are all bound to perish along with our Sun’s heating up andexpansion. But that’s not happening tomorrow nor in a few billion years.In the meantime, getting a life is not such a bad idea. Why all the rush?

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Evolution is the continuing generation of new species, along with theextinction of some, according to the mechanisms of natural selection.In this manner, life is continuously being diversified. Prove or disprove.

Discuss the etymology and biological definition of the word species.Is there an equivalent term or concept for it in our own local languages?

Think again. How about the old Cebuano expression “dili ingon nato?”To what species do humans belong? What species is closest to our kind?

What does the term extinction mean? Name five species that are extinct.What are the factors that caused, or contributed to, their extinction?

Trace the history and explain the meaning of the term natural selection.What are the fundamental mechanisms of nature’s selection process?

Discuss the history and meaning of the phrase survival of the fittest.Name some of the most successful species in the Linnaean taxonomy.

State and explain in your own words the term Anna Karenina Principle.What features and qualities do successful species share in common?

Do the basic principles of natural selection and survival of the fittestapply among members of the same species? Interpret the question.

Evaluate the track records of previous administrations in environmentalconservation, according to the basic criteria of biodiversity: speciesdiversity, upkeep of protected areas, and status of threatened species.Is the present one any different, say, in its policies on logging or mining?

How are the natural mechanisms of selection and survival similar to,else different from, the social mechanisms of democracy and rights?Discuss the meaning and trace the history of the term human rights.In the natural world, do predators “respect the rights” of their preys?Discuss the etymology of the term demokrasya. In the natural world,are predators known to consult their preys before they devour them?

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STUDY GUIDE IDEAS

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Could you possibly explain in lay terms how those guitar chords work?

Chords are a combination of notes that are in harmony with each other,and also in harmony alongside the melody, or tune if you like, of a song.How that happens, that I have yet to figure out. All I know is that if youmurder the chords, it just might irritate someone enough to murder you.But if you get the chords right, no one will notice. Either way, it sucks.

Hahaha. I see in your webpage kasi some people requesting chords ofyour songs. You mean it’s something only the composer would know?

Not at all. Hindi man ganun kadali, but if your ears are trained enough,you can actually figure out the chords by listening closely to the piece.“Siprahin,” ang sabi ng mga musiko; from cifras, Spanish for tablatures,which has something to do with musical or chord charts. I can only playoido so I don’t read music. Nor have I made “tabs” of my works, until now.

Pareho lang po ba ito dun sa mga chord guides ng ibang chordbooks?

More or less, yes. Maaring iba ng konti yung mga pangalan o porma ngmga chords pero madali naman sundan. Same fingering: 1 sa forefinger,2 pag middle finger, 3 pag ring finger, 4 naman pag sa little finger o pinkie,blank pag walang tipa pero kakalabitin, at x kapag hindi dapat kalabitin.Yun namang fretting ay Roman numerals I, II, III and so forth. At kungcombination naman ng chord with a base note, mayrong the usual slash.

Bakit po may mga numbers, tulad ng 7 or 6? And big numbers like 76?

Ah, yun naman ay ayon sa counting order ng mga nota sa scale. Isipin moginawa nating “1 2 3” sa halip na “do re mi.” Pero bakit natin gagawin yun?Kasi chords are like species. Kahit palipat-lipat tayo sa different keys,ang character ng tunog ng 7 sa key of C, halimbawa, ay relatively pareholang sa personality ng tunog ng 7 sa key of D, at sa lahat ng 10 other keys.Yung sa big numbers naman, hindi ko lang kasi talaga alam yung formalnames ng mga chords kaya kung parehong may 7 at 6, e di 76, hehe.Basta when in doubt, gayahin na lang nila kamo yung drawing sa baba.

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HUNTAHAN

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Puhunan

Em7Sa pamilihan ng lipunan C7 sari-sari’ng paninda B7sus#9May kani-kaniyang puhunan: Em7 pera, utak at ganda Em7Ang ilan ay may pangalan, C7 ang iba ay laway lang B7sus#9May nagbabanal-banalan Em7 at mga nanlilinlang

Em7May namumuhunang pawis G76 at hubad na katawan C7Kahit pagod nila'y labis, B7sus#9 sila'y hanggang doon na lang Em7Mas maigi ang may bahay G76 at lupang paupahan C7Kahit di maghanapbuhay, Em7 laging may laman ang tiyan

G76 --C7--B7sus#9Laylay lalalalay . . .

Em7Ang negosyong magaling C7 ay magbenta ng patay B7sus#9Ngayo'y napakadaling Em7 humagilap ng bangkay Em7Dumating na sa sukdulan, C7 buhay na'ng binubuwisB7sus#9Inuutang sa pangalan Em7 ng ganansya't interes

Em7Kung ang dulot ng sistema'y G76 malaganap na lagim C7Sa paggamit ng puhuna'y B7sus#9 huwag nawa tayong sakim Em7Sa damdamin ng abang G76 kagaya kong isang mortal C7Ang dugo'y mas matimbang B7sus#9 Em7 kaysa kapital

G76 --C7--B7sus#9Laylay lalalalay . . .

B7sus#9

2 4

Em7

3 2 4 1

C7

x 2 1 3 4

B7sus#9

1 3 1 2 4 1

G76

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Em7Napuna kong di maaring C7 magkameron ang wala B7sus#9Kung kaya ko minangyaring Em7 mangalakal ng bahagya Em7Upang matiyak ang tagumpay, C7 naglakas-loob akong B7sus#9Sa ma--gi--noong sanay Em7 kumunsulta't magtanong

Em7Nais ko sanang matutuna't G76 nang gayo'y magaya ko C7Paano kang namumuhunan, B7sus#9 ba't ang yaman-yaman mo Em7At ang agilang anghel G76 ay nagladlad na ng anyo C7 B7sus#9Ang wika ni Tiyo Samuel, Em7 “Ang puhunan ko'y kayo!”

Capital C

For hundreds of millions of years, life on earth proceeded at a “biological pace.”But as soon as humans started utilizing stones and metals, and particularlywhen they learned how to produce and control fire, evolution then shiftedto second gear—from natural biology to applied physics. If previouslyhumans were at the mercy of nature, it was now nature’s turn to bend to thewishes of a determined species and adapt to human engineering.

With better “means of production,” humans transformed earth’slandscape and quickly (not in the millions but in mere thousands of years!)developed agriculture, metallurgy, animal husbandry, and the crowning jewelof humanity itself: a complex language. These advances generated a “surplus”of valuable resources, and with it comes the bitter contest over its control.Those who prevailed became the new “class” of owners of “properties,”effectively dividing society between the “haves” and the “have-nots.”

Trade, or the exchange of things that are of some value in a “market,”required the use of “money” as a handy means of representing the price ofgoods and services that people come up with. And as people accumulatedmoney, it took a life of its own and represented itself as generic “wealth,”and became traded as “Capital.” The rest, as they say, is history.

“By the sweat of your brow you shall eat bread.” Not necessarily.

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For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil. Some people, eagerfor money, have wandered from the faith and pierced themselves withmany griefs (Bible, 1 Tim 6:10). What do you make of this statement?

What are people willing, eager, or forced to do to earn some money?What unspeakable crimes have been committed for money’s sake?

Make a wish list of things that you want to accomplish or have in life.Make an estimate of how much money you would need for each item.Make a list of things in life that money cannot buy, or so you think.

What factors increase the monetary equivalent or “price” of things?Do prices of goods generally increase or decrease as they get fartherand farther from where they originate? Why does it happen that way?As things become less common, do they get cheaper or more expensive?

Why does a 200-gram cellphone cost so much more than a small can ofthe same weight and metallic content? Why is a branded handbaga hundred times pricier than a generic one made of similar material?

Why is a single Amorsolo pencil sketch valued several times more thana whole bunch of full-color works by an entire guild of amateur artists?

Why was Michael Jordan said to have been paid by Nike the equivalent ofwhat it paid its workers to make 19 million pairs of shoes in one year?

Expound the meaning of the terms “interest rate” and “cost of money.”Why do the poor remain poor as though it were a matter of course?

Trace a broad outline of their respective developments and establishthe connection and interplay between capitalism and imperialism.How did the economic interests of Spain and the USA forever alterthe social narrative of an archipelago on the other side of the world?

Write a short book review of Schumacher’s classic Small is Beautiful,Economics as if People Mattered. First edition 1973; extended 1999.

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STUDY GUIDE IDEAS

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I notice that you have electronic musical instruments in your studio.Don’t they make the sound of your compositions come out unnatural?

We used to call them synthesizers because they mimic the sound ofinstruments. Say, a violin. Then they evolved into “samplers” wherethey take an actual recorded sample of a note played a certain way.Which you may then reproduce or even tweak further as you please.On one hand, it’s very convenient and cost-effective for composers.But you’re right about the tradeoffs, and sounding artificial is one of them.Not to mention having to learn a new language for every new platform.

So, why even bother going into all that trouble?

Replacing humans with machines naturally decreases the premium oftrue blue musicians, aside from the sound quality. Maganda talaga live.On the other hand, it democratizes “artistry” and allows unschooledmusicians like myself to put their ideas on record. Mamili ka na lang.

How do you resolve this contradiction in your head?

First of all, as much as I can afford it, I work with live session players.But more importantly, you have to go back to the more basic question,para kanino ba yung ginagawa mo? Until you come to the conclusionthat it is the social milieu, in which you find yourself, that prompts youto do what you do. And so you afford others free access to your work.That way, the whole question concerning technology takes a backseat.

Doesn’t that sort of disregard intellectual property and encourage piracy?

There’s a difference between use for a social purpose like education;at iba naman yung commercial ventures, in which case, fair lang namandin to assert the full measure of your due under existing copyright laws.

Hindi po ba yan hairsplitting? Anyone can always claim it’s for a cause.

I’m sure not. Hairsplitting only applies to people who have hair, hehe.

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Kababaihan

Em7Mula sa umpisa Bm7 ang buhay ko'y nakasalalay Em7Sa wika ni ama Bm7 at mga lalake ng aking buhay GAno ang dahilan, A Bm paano at kailan, ano'ng sanhi? G ASabi ni inay, dahil kami ay G A BmNagkataong isinilang na babae

Em7Huling dinidinig Bm7 at unang pinagsasabihan Em7Ang aking daigdig Bm7 ay daigdig ng kalalakihan GAt ang aking silbi A Bm sa araw at gabi'y palamuti G ATahimik sa tabi, dahil lang kasi G A BmNagkataong isinilang na babae

Em7Unang nagigising Bm7 at huli ng natutulog Em7Habang unti-unting Bm7 pagkatao'y nadudurog GDi katakataka, A Bm sa tahana't pabrika ako'y api G ASabi nga nila, dahil lang pala G A Bsus--BNagkataong isinilang na babae

GHindi ko matanggap Bsus B na dahil dito na nasanay GAng aking hinaharap Bsus B ay ganito na habangbuhayGIsip at diwa, A B puso't kaluluwa ay pumipiglas G AGaya ng bukal na di masasakal G A BmDadaluy at dadaloy ang kalayaan

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Em7Kasama ng iba, Bm7 unti-unti kong natutuhan Em7Ang aking halaga Bm7 at likas na kapangyarihan GMay kasarinlan, A Bm may kakayaha't kakanyahan G ABahagi ng buo kung saan patutungo G A Bsus--BAng kasaysayan ng sangkata--uhan

GAko'y samahan n'yo Bsus B sa aking pakikibakaGSa paglaya ko Bsus B kayo ay aking kasama G ADangal ko ay taglay kung sa’n B pantay-pantay ang kalagyanG AAting itindig sa bagong daigdig G A Bsus--BAng kalayaan ng kababa--ihan

Second Sex

“One day I wanted to explain myself to myself, and it struck me that thefirst thing I had to say was ‘I am woman.’”

Simone de Beauvoir bared Engel’s thesis (which she thought bare)and mounted a compelling account of the mechanics of Patriarchy as societyevolved from communal settlements towards privatization. And with onesentence she dictates the agenda, “One is not born, but rather becomes a woman.”

The arithmetic should uphold us here. Given: most Filipinos areCatholics; most Filipinos are poor; and at least half of Filipinos are women.Therefore standing with your eyes shut on any street corner in the country,the very first person you are most likely to see when you open them is apoor Catholic woman—marginalized since poor, subjugated since female.

But is her subdued station an issue of class or a consequence of gender?Assuming we miraculously dismantled economic stratification, would thatautomatically amount to the dissolution of male dominance? Or conversely,will an honest-to-goodness equality between men and women inevitablyusher in the emancipation of the dispossessed masses from chronic poverty?

On top of that, she is also barred from becoming a priest or bishop—offices of clout that are reserved for men alone. Though maybe that’s justbecause those are jobs that don’t specifically ask for a pleasing personality!

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Sa iyong personal na karanasan, sino ang mas nasusunod sa tahanan,ang tatay o ang nanay? Sino ba ang mas mapagpasya, si kuya o si ate?

Sa mga gawain sa bahay, sino ang mas inaasahang magluto, maglaba,mamalengke, maghugas ng pinggan, at maglinis ng bahay at bakuran?Sino ang karaniwang nag-aaruga ng sanggol at nag-aasikaso ng mga bata?Kung tutuusin, sino ang mas mahaba ang work hours, babae o lalake?

Sino ang mas may pagkakataong makipagkasiyahan sa kanyang mgabarkada at kasama sa trabaho? Sino ang mas naninigarilyo at umiinom?Kung may mga ari-arian, kanino nakapangalan ang titulo ng mga ito?

Gumawa ng hiwalay na talaan ng kinikita ng mga kasama sa pamilya.Ang inyo bang sagot sa mga naunang tanong ay may kinalaman sa kungsino ba ang mas may malaki ang kita at naibibigay na pera sa bahay?

At work, are men and women fairly spread across ranks and salaries?Do men and women get equally paid for the same job they perform?Make a short report on the issue of women being “doubly burdened.”

Trace the history of women’s suffrage and its underlying dialectics.What powers impede and what forces advance the cause of equality?

Submit a report on Sexual Harassment and Violence Against Womenagainst the backdrop of persistent poverty and environmental demise.

Islam and Catholicism, our country’s foremost religious traditions, bothrelegate women to subordinate roles and preserve their institutionalseats of power and authority invariably for men. Do you agree or not?

Get in touch with a community-based organization, research center,lobby group, or national network that support women and children.Arrange an exposure trip to get a better understanding of their work.

Collect and compile poems and songs dealing with women’s issues.Produce a 30-minute radio program with the materials you gathered.

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How is it possible that a man can write a song about women’s issues?Babae by Mon Ayco. Babae Ka by Ani Montano. And your Kababaihan.

Hahaha, spoken like a true fan. Paanong nakakasulat ang mga lalake ngkantang tungkol sa mga isyu ng kababaihan? I think I heard that onebefore, iba lang ang anggulo—kung bakit marami sa mga theoreticiansng feminist movement ay mga kalalakihan, or something to that effect.

Bakit nga po?

Well, una, I’m not sure if the premise is accurate. Yun halimbawangmga gawa ng Abante Babae at Inang Laya, o nina Lolit Carbon at SusanFernandez, ay mas extensive. At pagdating naman sa mga theorists,yun pa ring kay de Beauvoir sa tingin ko ang so far pinaka-exhaustive.

Pero ganun pa rin po yung tanong, kundi man singsinop, paano pa rinnasusulat ng mga kalalakihan ang pakiramdam ng mga kababaihan?

Okay, okay, subok lang. Eto hula-hula ko lang ha. Magkaiba kasi yungkahulugan ng mga salitang sex at gender. Yung sex, either male or female.Samantalang yun namang gender ay nakadikit sa konsepto ng pagigingmasculine at feminine, at ang mga assigned values nito sa lipunan.Yung social convention, babae equals mahinhin at lalake equals macho.Pero pwede namang babae kang macho, o conversely, mahinhing lalake.

Yung macho, dahil mas aggressive, mas dominant, mas makapangyarihan.At mas may premium at prerogative sa social hierarchies. At dahil masassociated ito sa mga kalalakihan, namamayagpag tuloy ang mga lalake.Kung baga, naging proxy ang male sa machismo, which is a manifestationof the original prime culprit—Aggression. Now, one doesn’t have to bea woman or a man to understand the oppressive character of aggression.And that’s why men may write about the predicament and hopes of women.

Di po kaya dahil ang mga lalake naman ay mayron ding feminine side?

Alam mo, parehong-pareho kayo ng sinasabi ng boyfriend ko, hehehe.

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Pedrong Pako

A GdimSi Pedro'y nakaapak B7 ng pako sa lansangan E7Pinulot niya't A E76 bakasakaling pakinabangan

A GdimAt ang kinakalawang B7 na pakong nabubulok E7Sa bago niyang bahay A--E76 ay doon ipinukpok

A GdimIsang kalbong gulong B7 nakita niya sa kalsada E7Kanyang isinuong A E76 sa jeepney niyang pampasada

A GdimDuo'y may nakaiwan B7 ng lumang antipara E7Kanyang isinuot A--A7 sa malinaw niyang mata

D ABagong bahay, lumang pako D B7 E7Dating gimik na inibang-anyo D ABagong bote, lumang toyo B7 E7--E76Ang laging sawsawan ni Pedro

A GdimGulong ay umiskyerda B7 at ang jeep ay nabangga E7Dahil sa antipara A E76 ang poste di nakita

A GdimPasahero'y huli na B7 sa biyahe't nabukulan E7Di pa nakarating A--E76 sa dapat na puntahan

A GdimSi Pedro'y may kilalang B7 kawatang pulitikoE7Sa bawat halalan A E76 ay laging kandidato

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A GdimNabulag na si Pedro, B7 napako pa ang tuktok E7Pulitikong bulok A--A7 sa gobyerno iniluklok

D ABagong bahay, lumang pako D B7 E7Dating gimik na inibang-anyo D ABagong bote, lumang toyo B7 E7--Ang laging sawsawan ni Pedro

E76 A Gdim Nang dahil sa pako, B7 bahay ni Pedro'y bumagsak E7Sa bulkan, bagyo, A E76 baha't lindol tuluyang nawarak

A GdimGiba na ang dingding, B7 sahig, haligi't bubungan E7 E76Mabuti pa kaya, mabuti pa kaya D7--A7 magbagong-bahay na lang

Same New

We read somewhere in the Gospel of Luke that no person in his right mindtears a patch from a new garment and sews it on an old one; if he does, he willhave torn the new garment, and the patch from the new will not match the old.My mother raised and supported us as a mananahi kaya nakaka-relate akosa parable na ito. It used to be that telas are soaked overnight to anticipateshrinkage before they are cut. Di na raw yata ganun ngayon. Ganunpaman . . .

It gives me hope to see good people, some friends of mine, doing theirbest to make things work in the matuwid na daan. I wish them, and myself,and the whole nation they look after, well. I often hear talk of good things.But I live in the outskirts and I see differently, or rather nothing different.

Indeed if the economy has improved, they probably mean the shinyhangout places of the yuppie middle class. In my sort of showbiz line of work,I sometimes find myself congregating with the cool dudes in the cool venues.You need good acting skills to survive the conversations that are redundantand unbearably petty. You need to drink hard and fast!

Indeed if things have turned around, I don’t see it having anythingto do with fishers and farmers, or teachers and nurses, or street urchins.Speaking of pagbabago, from where I see it, it looks like old is the new new.

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Gumawa ng “social network” ng mga links na magdudugtong sa iyo samayor ng inyong lungsod; halimbawa: ikaw - pinsan mo na nagtatrabahosa munisipyo - na barkada ng anak ni meyor. Sa military, meron ka ba?Sa congress representative ng inyong distrito? Sa pangulo ng Pilipinas?

It’s not what you know, it’s who you know. Do you agree or disagree?

Nagkaroon ka na ba ng problema o nangailangan ng tulong, at lumapitsa mga taong may mga “kuneksyon?” Kung hindi naman ikaw mismo,may alam ka bang mga ganitong sitwasyon sa ilan mong mga kakilala?

What does the term “culture of silence” or “conspiracy of silence” mean?How come not one single big fish was ever jailed over jueteng whengovernment has a whole countryful of eyewitnesses? Why do priestsregularly get away with abandoning their children and their mothers?Why are a number of battered spouses reluctant to report their case?

Did anyone of the immediate family members of disgraced PresidentsMarcos, Estrada, Arroyo, and Chief Justice Corona rebuff their patriarch?

Lahat ng naging pangulo at mga opisyal nitong ating bansa ay nanumpana itaguyod ang tapat na serbisyo at matuwid at patas na pamamahala.Napapansin mo ba ang pagbabagong ito sa kasalukuyang gobyerno?Ipangatuwiran ang sagot at mag-alok ng paliwanag kung bakit ganun.

Gumawa ng mabilisang survey at itanong sa karaniwang tao kung sakanilang wari ay matuwid na ang kalakaran sa pagkuha ng clearance,mga lisensya, bidding ng public contracts, at pangongolekta ng buwis.Mas mapapabilis ba kung ika’y may kilalang fixer, backer, o padrino?

Use bureaucracy, businessmen, profit and politicians in one sentence.

Compose a short script for a satirical play depicting how corruption,clout, business interest and political connections feed on each other.

Make a cute little effigy of a typical public official or religious leader.

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Ang Aking Kubo

A AM7Ang aking kubo sa tabindagat A6 Bm7Dingding ay pawid, bubong ay nipa E7 Bm7Sa palibot may mga halaman E76 A6At bakod na gawang kawayan A AM7Gayak ng kubo ay kalikasan, A7 D6Ang kabukiran, ang buwan at bituin F APinapayungan ng punongkahoy E7 A --E7At hinihipan ng sariwang hangin

A AM7Sa aking kubo’y may paralumang A6 Bm7Sa aking puso’y nakalarawan E7 Bm7At sa pagtulog ay mayrong rosas E76 A6Na niyayakap ko’t hinahagkan A AM7Ang aking kubo’y dalampasigang A7 D6Sa along tulad ko’y inaasam-asam Ddim AKubong kailanma’y di ko ipagpapalit Bm7/E ASa isang palasyong walang pag-ibig

F AmGanyan ang kubo, ganyan ang buhay E7 AmMinsa’y tatawa ka, minsa’y malulumbay F G CMay pagdiriwang, may kalungkutan F E7Laging nangungutya ang kapalaran Am E7May mga sandaling mistulang langit Dm7 G CNgunit paggising pala’y panaginip Dm6 AmKaya kailangang sa gabi’t araw B7 E7--E76Didiligin ang kubo ng pag-ibig

A AM7Sa aking kubo tuwing takipsilim A6 Bm7Lumang gitara’y aking kapiling E7 Bm7Mga awiting di malilimutan E7 A6Mga harana at mga kundiman A AM7Ang aking kubong pangkaraniwan A7 D6Di man kastilyo ngunit paraiso Ddim AKahit na mukhang bahay-bahayan Bm7/E AAng aking kubo’y isang tahanan

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Why Some Songs in This Site are Freely Downloadable38

The Filipino Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers is on a roll.After successfully persuading the country’s leading major media networksGMA7 and ABS-CBN to pay back performance royalties amounting to severalmillions, it has expanded its roster of licensees at an unprecedented pace.While it is quite puny compared to its counterparts in Europe, Japan andthe US, and still way behind its neighbors, the trend is clear. More and morepeople are now willing, if grudgingly, to recognize Intellectual Property.

Is that good or bad? As a trustee of FILSCAP, I say it is a good thing.That way, composers and lyricists will not only be commended but actuallycompensated for their creations. It’s a measly sum for average composerslike myself. Last year, I got something like 1,500 pesos if I’m not mistaken,what with the twenty five years’ worth of work that I put in the “industry.”

Of course, those who churn out “hit songs” get the choice portions.That’s because performance royalties are paid to composers and lyricists forthe public performances of their works. It’s simple: no-playback, no-payback.

That is also why we sometimes find ourselves settling all sorts ofdisputes over ownership of certain songs, especially involving those whichturn out to be lucrative hitmakers. I also sit in the Complaints Committeeand it is unbelievable how two or even more parties could actually claimauthorship of the same composition!

The key word is ownership, and the term “intellectual property”could not have been more precisely coined. The logic is neat: you eat hotdog,you happy, you pay; you drink beer, you happy, you pay. You sing song,you happy, you pay. Intellectual property is in every sense private propertythat you may sell, rent, or lease. Just like shirts, mineral water, real estateor dental service. So when a radio station plays your song, they pay; whensomebody sings your song in a karaoke joint or music lounge, you get paid;when airlines, malls or answering machines loop their playlists, they paythe authors performance royalties. That’s right, just like rent.

So, what’s your point? Well, once upon a time we said that that isprecisely the thing that makes life on earth unbearably tough for the greatmajority who do not have . . . Property.

Just to make sure there’s no mistaking, I think those who thinkotherwise, meaning those who believe that the well-off and the “successful”should not be burdened by the plight of the less-fortunate or less-equipped,are entitled by law to their stone cold view and prerogative.

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This is neither a treatise against private capitalism nor an apologyfor state socialism. If you ask me, they are both property-based systemsdominated by stockholders and party members respectively.

So what is it? It is a coded message exclusively for those who stillbelieve there has to be a more equitable way of dividing the pies of laborand provision in order to, as the wristband says, “make poverty history.”

Exactly how? Frankly, I don't know how. Perhaps the Marxists arecorrect about our present world system being a “pre-human” society after all.And that it could take a while for it to evolve further so that our creeds mayovercome our cravings and our ethos may outpace our biology. Perhaps theanswer lies in genetics, or cutting edge physics, or even hypnosis!

Our traditions have failed us, making us too preoccupied with ouridentities, turfs and social pedigrees. The alien faiths we were born intohave let us down, as our institutional churches guard sacred wisdoms asfervently as they acquire land titles. Our schools have likewise failed us,let’s admit it, ever emphasizing that indeed some are smarter than others.

I myself have practically given up on grand narratives. Ganun dawyata talaga pag tumatanda ka na hehe. As we learned in high school Physics,it’s not the speed, it’s the velocity. Just like we say in Kaalagad, a littleinterfaith community that I happily belong to, may the meager that we cancontribute in our lifetime be pointed in the right direction.

Small communitarian gestures, that’s all I can manage to afford.And since we live in a “neo-liberal capitalist world order,” as leftists arefond of calling it, then we don't have much choice but to play by its rules.Sometimes people ask why I allow my songs to be downloaded for free.Either I’m so rich or so stupid. Or nobody likes them enough to buy them.I’m not so sure about that. I think a good few dozen people like my CDs.Saranggola sa Ulan didn’t do so bad, and LEAN still sells after ten years.

All things considered, I happen to still believe that there has to bea better way of doing things, even within the dog-eat-dog world of liberalmarket economics. It’s not even a novel idea. Karl Polanyi argued about itmore than a century ago (slightly ahead of our friendly neighbor’s Mao).Saint Paul expounded on the subject in his letter to the Church in Corinth.And early communitarian societies practiced it long before Christ’s birth.

Must intellectual property be copyright protected? I would say no,but we have no choice. Is private property absolute? I don’t agree, but thenit’s not up to me. So why are the mp3 files in this site (garygranada.co)downloadable for free? They’re not. We're simply charging you zero pesos.

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Dumalaw sa isang kamag-anak o kakilala na nakatira sa isang kubo.Isalaysay kung ano ang pakiramdam ng nakatira ka sa isang dampa?Anu-ano ang mga gusto mo, at ang ayaw mo, sa pananahan sa kubo?

Gumawa ng collage ng litrato ng mga kubo sa iba’t ibang dako ng bansa.Depende kung saan, paano sila nagkakahawig at paano nagkakaiba?May kinalaman ba ito sa klima? Sa kung ano ang mga tumutubo doon?

Kadalasan ay malalayo ang mga ito sa mga sentro ng mga pamilihan,kaya naman din napagwawari natin na sila ay walang maraming pera.Paano sila nabubuhay, paano sila nakakakain, kung walang pambili?

Kapag ba ikaw ay namitas ng sili o saging sa iyong sariling bakuran,nalalaman ba ito ng NEDA at ng mga bangko? Kapag ba ang isang batana nakihila ng lambat sa baybay ay naambunan ng dalawang pirasongmaliliit na isdang pang-ulam, bahagi rin ba ito ng economic growth?

Saan pumupunta ang taga-syudad para makalanghap ng sariwang hangin?O makaulinig ng dalampasig? O kaya makasilip ng makutitap na langit?Magkano ang halaga ng mga magagandang tanawing tulad ng mga ito?

What are some of the natural blessings and “perks” that come with theeconomics of sufficiency and simple living? Compare the ecologicalintegrity of the few remaining enclaves of indigenous communitieswith those that are in designated “industrial parks” across the country.

On the other hand, what are the natural drawbacks of being unable totranscend and overcome the “backwardness” of agrarian settlements?How then are people able to cope with the ever increasing demand fornew knowledge and technological solutions to modern social problems?

All things considered, mas pipiliin mo bang manahan sa isang kubo?

Suriin ang awiting Bahay Kubo. Iguhit ang alam mong mga halaman doon.

Gumawa ng dibuho ayon sa nilalarawan ng kantang Ang Aking Kubo.

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Ibig n’yo pong sabihin, after all those years, you still don’t own a house?

Yes, but I’m perfectly fine with staying in a small rented workroom.Mas advantageous actually yung mas maliit na space kasi mas madalinglinisin. Madaling abutin pati yung iyong mga gamit kasi lahat malapit.Kung naman siguro sasadyain, kakayanin naman pag-ipunan, kaya langmay isa kasi akong napakagastos na bisyo na talo pa yata yung droga.

Sugal?

Lalake, hehe. Parang sugal na rin, kaya lang wala kang chance na manalo—making independent music albums. Wala na yata akong ginawa kundimag-ipon para may pampagawa ng albums na walang bumibili, hehe.Pero eto naman ang maipagmamalaki ko. Meron akong sariling bahay.Araw-araw may mga bisita ako galing sa kung saan-saang sulok ng mundo.At sa sobrang yaman ko na, nililibre ko silang lahat. Mag-download, hehe.Di ba mas mayaman pa ako kaysa mga malalaking record companies?

Isa na po ako dun sir sa nililibre nyo lagi ng mga mp3, hehe. Thank you po.

Anytime, feel free to drop by sa aking munting online na kubong bahay.

Ang sweet po ng kanta n’yong Kubo. Favorite ko po yung part na sabi’ydi niya raw ipagpapalit yung kubo sa isang palasyong walang pag-ibig.

You know, I made that one while looking at one, walang biro. Sa Mindoro.Inabutan ako ng magtatakip-silim na at wala na akong masakyan paluwas.Kaya nakiusap ako na makitulog sa isang bahay. Mabait naman yungmay-ari, pinag-ayos pa ako ng mahihigan. Mula roon sa kwarto, tanaw koyung isang kubo sa tabindagat habang dahan-dahang lumulubog ang araw.Naiyak ako, haha. At napatakan pa ng luha yung papel na pinagsulatan ko.

Nakakaiyak naman yang kwento n’yong yan. Hopeless romantic po kayo,ano po, hehe. What was the most romantic thing you ever said in a song?

Ah madaling-madali yan, hehe. Syempre yung “Ako’y hindi romantiko.”

HUNTAHAN

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Lupang Hinirang

D A D A DBayang magiliw, perlas ng SilangananD A D G6 A DA--lab ng puso sa dibdib mo'y buhay D A D A DLupang hinirang, duyan ka ng magitingD A D G6 A DSa manlulupig di ka pasisiil

ASa dagat at bundok , sa simoy D at sa langit mong bughaw AMay dilag ang tula at awit G6 A D sa paglayang minamahal

AAng kislap ng watawat mo'y D tagumpay na nagniningning AAng bituin at araw niya G6 A D kailanpama'y di magdidilim

D7 G D GLupa ng araw ng luwalhati't pagsinta C G A D G--Gsus/DBuhay ay la--ngit sa piling mo G D B C BAming ligaya na pag may mang-aapiGsus/D G A D G Ang mamatay nang dahil sa iyo

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Noong bata pa si Sabel, ang mga tao ay wala pang mga ilong. Ang ulo aybasta may dalawang mata, isang bibig, dalawang tenga at dalawang maliitna butas sa ibaba ng dalawang mata. Actually, ilong na talaga ang tawag nilasa mga butas na iyon, hindi nga lang nakausbong na kagaya ngayon. Magandaang pakikitungo ng mga tao sa isa't isa, at walang nalalait dahil pango.

Mas madali ring linisin ang mukha dahil isang pasadahan lang,napupunasan na nang minsanan ang mga lumalabas sa mga mata at ilong.At pag naghahalikan ang mga magkasintahan ay hindi sumasakit ang leeg niladahil walang nakausling ilong na dapat iwasan. Mahirap nga lang malamankaagad kung ang isang tao ay umiiyak o may sipon lang, at may ilan dingnamatay nung bago pa lang maimbento ang shower. Pero maliit na bagayang mga yun kung ang kapalit naman ay tunay na pagkakapantay-pantay.

Ngunit may mga makapangyarihang taong kailanma’y hindi talagamakuntento sa pagkakapantay-pantay. Kaya binigyan nila ng kapangyarihanang mga korporasyon na putulin ang mga puno at minahin ang mga lupanang walang pakundangan. Kahit walang public consultation, binibigyan silang clearance at permit ng Department of Environment and Natural Resourcesgawa ng mga dubious na FPIC at environmental impact assessment.

Hanggang sa napinsala ang kalikasan at nagkaroon ng acid rain namasakit sa mata at ilong. Nasira ang mga dating malinaw na mga mata atnagkasakit ang mga tao dahil sa usok at lason na nalalanghap sa araw-araw.Kaya nagkaisa ang mga taong magpetisyun kay Bathala upang bigyan sila‘ika ng ilong para pantakip laban sa maruming hangin, at pansalo na rin ngantipara na kinakailangan ng mga lumalabo nilang mata.

"Bukas na bukas din," ang wika ni Bathala, "magpapadala ako ngpantakip ng ilong. Ilong din ang inyong itatawag dito para maalala ninyopalagi na dapat ngang ang tao ay pantay-pantay." Tuwangtuwa ang mga tao!Ang iba ay maagang natulog para maagang magising, samantalang ang ibanaman ay nagdiwang at nag-inuman nang magdamagan. Pag tilaok ng manok,trak trak ng pagkaganda-gandang mga ilong ang dumating sa plaza.

Ngunit alas onse na nang magising ang mga nalasing. Kaya ang inabutannila ay pinagpilian at napag-apak-apakan na. Ano pa nga ba’ng gagawin kundipumulot ng isa, ipagpag sa tabi, ikabit sa mukha, sabay sabing, "Pwede na ito."

"At," dagdag pa ng magiting na tatay ko, "isa na sa mga yon ang magitingna lolo mo." At magmula noong araw na iyon, ang ilong, na dating nakikita,ay di na nakikita. At ang hangin naman, na dating di nakikita, ay nakikita na.

Alam mo ba kung bakit pango ang iyong ilong?

46

Balikan ang kasaysayan ng paglikha at pagrebisa ng Pambansang Awit.Ano ang papel ng sining sa pagtatag ng bansa at pag-ukit ng kasaysayan?

Bakit “Perlas ng Silanganan?” Bukod sa pambansang awit, saan mo pamatatagpuan ang mga katagang kahawig nito, at sino ang may-akda?

Ihambing ang Pambansang Awit ng Pilipinas sa awit ng ibang bansa.Ang paglaban sa manlulupig ba ay isang universal value ng lahat ng lahi?Bakit sila tinawag na manlulupig? Bakit nila kailangang manlupig ng iba?

Ano ang ibig sabihin ng “kagitingan?” Magbigay ng mga halimbawa ngmga Pilipinong sa iyong palagay ay maituturing na totoong magigiting.Ang karaniwang mga tao kaya ay pwede rin bang maging magiting? Paano?

Ano ang kasalukuyang kalagayan ng mga dagat at bundok ng ating bayan?Ang mga Pilipinong tula at awit bang karaniwang naririnig sa radyo aysalamin ng paglayang minamahal, o ng pamumuntot sa mga dayuhan?

Langit nga ba ang buhay ng nakakaraming masa sa bansang Pilipinas?Sakaling ikaw ay magkaroon ng pagkakataong lumipat sa ibang bayan,mas malamang nga kayang samantalahin mo ito? Bakit, o bakit hindi?

Ang pangungulila sa lupang sinilangan ba ay natural sa tao? Bakit kaya?

Nakahanda ka bang “mamatay nang dahil sa bayan?” Bakit, o bakit hindi?Nakahanda ka rin bang “mabuhay alang-alang sa iyong bayan?” Paano?

Aling pag-ibig ba ang hihigit kaya / Sa pagkadalisay at pagkadakilaGaya ng pag-ibig sa tinubuang lupa / Aling pag-ibig ba? Wala na nga wala

Siyasatin kung saan nagmula at sino ang may-akda ng natukoy na tula.Mahal din kaya ng mga Kastila, Amerikano, at Hapon ang kanilang bansa?Ang “nasyunalismo” ba ay nakabuti o nakapinsala sa daigdig? Paano?

Cite and explain the similarities and differences between nationalism,ultra-nationalism and pseudo-nationalism. Give two examples of each.

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Dakilang MaylikhaKaalagad’s version of the Lord’s Prayer

C G/BDakilang Maylikha F/A CSa kalinga’t pang-unawa D79/F# G/F C/E--Am7Mangyari ang iyong diwa Dm7 Dm7/G C---F9/ASa langit at sa lupa

C G/BBigyan mo ng sapat F/A CAng lahat sa araw-araw D79/F# G/F C/E--Am7Turuang magpa--raya Dm7 Dm7/G C F--EGaya ng iyong gawa

Am Em/GIadya n’yo kami F C/ESa pagmamataas Bb AmUpang maiwaksi Em/G F Asus-AAng lupit at dahas

D A9/C#--A/C#At samahang lumikha G9/B Gm6/Bb D/ANg pama---yanang payapa E79/G# A9/G D9/F#--D/BSa kalikasan, kabu---hayan Em7 Em7/A D9/A--GKakanyaha’t pani----niwala

D9/F# G9 D9/F# G9 Siya nawa, Siya nawaD9/F# G9 D9/F# G9 Siya nawa, Siya nawa

3 4 2 1

C

3 2 4

G

1 3 4 2 1 1

F2 3 1

Am

2 3 1

E

x 1 3 2

D/A

1 1 2 3 4 1

Bb

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A

x 1 3 2

D

x 3 2 1 1

F/A

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D79/F#

1 2 3 4

G/F

3 2 1

C/E

x 1 3 4

G/Bx 2 1 1

Dm7

2 1

Am7

2 4

Em7

3 2 1 1

Dm7/G3 1 2

Em/G

x 3 1 1

F9/A2 3 4

Asus

x 3 1 4 1 x

A9/C#

x 3 1 1 1 x

A/C#

x 1 2 3 4

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x 1 2 3 4

Gm6/Bb3 1 1 4 2 1

E79/G#

2 3 1 4

A9/G

1 2 4

D9/F#

x 1 2 4 3

D/B

x 3 2 1

Em7/A

IIIx 3 1 2

D9/A

3 1 2 4 x

G9

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Why does the Lord’s Prayer say our Father in heaven, and not my father?Why give us and forgive us, and not directly give me and forgive me?Why lead us not and deliver us from, instead of lead me and deliver me?

Why is God’s reign a kingdom and not a gender-neutral, say, republic?Are male gods more of the rule or the exception across major religions?

Is holiness a personal trait of an individual, or a character of a society?

How do you know if an event or experience is the will of God or not?

What is the principle behind the words Give us this day our daily bread?How does it square with capitalist accumulation and actuarial valuation?

Magtanong-tanong. Ang karaniwang Pilipino ba’y may utang o may ipon?What is the effect of indebtedness in the life of a person, and of a family?

Reflect on the country’s public debt. How does it affect our national life?

Read Leviticus 25. What is the relevance of the Jubilee in today’s world?

What do you consider to be personal faults? What constitutes social ills?How are personal concerns and societal problems related to each other?

Design a mime, or an interpretative dance, around the Lord’s Prayer.

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Our Father in heaven,hallowed be your name.Your kingdom come,your will be done,on earth as it is in heaven.Give us this day our daily bread,and forgive us our debts,as we also have forgiven our debtors.And lead us not into temptation,but deliver us from evil.

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Boto ng Pagbabago

C9Hanggang kailan itong F9/C mahabang kasaysayan G/BNg mga eleksyong C natapon at nasayang Am7 Am7/D GM7--CM7Ang kahirapan ay kaya kong baguhin FM6 G/F C9/E--C7susKasaganahan ay kayang abutin

FM6 C9/EHinihiling ko lang sa iyo FM6 C9/ESa pagkakataong ito BbBigyang daan F G7sus ang totohanang pagbabago FM6 C9/EO bayan kong minamahal FM6 C9/EDinggin ang tangi kong dasal D9/F# --G7susKinabukasan ko't dangal F9/A--C9Sana ang maha--lal

E7sus--E7 A9 Isang umaga A9sus sa maayos na tahanan E9/G#Ang masarap A9 na almusal magigisnan F#m7 B7susAt masiglang maglala ro --B7 EM7--AM7 at mag---aaral DM7 E53/D A9/C#--Sa mapayapa at masayang lugarC#7b3 F#m7 B7sus At ang mahirap kong mundo --B7 EM7--AM7 sana'y magbago DM7Sa inyong pagboto, E53/D A9/C# isipin nyo ako CM7 FM7Isipin nyo ako, isipin nyo ako G7susIsipin nyo ako

FM6 C9/EHinihiling ko lang sa iyo . . .

[Capo on IV]

1 3 4 2 1 1

F

3 4 2

CM7

2 1

Am72 1

E7

1 1 2 3 4 1

Bb

2 3

E7sus

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C7sus

III

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DM7

3 2 1

GM71 2 4

D9/F#

1 3 1 4 1 1

G7sus

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A9

V3 4

A9sus

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C9

x 3 4 1 1

F9/C

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x 1

Am7/D

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FM6

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G/F

3 2 4

C9/Ex 3 1 1

F9/A2 1 1 3 4 1

E9/G#

II1 3 1 1 1 1

F#m7

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B7sus

II2 1 3

AM7

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EM7

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E53/D

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C#7b3

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54

Trace the historical development of the electoral system citing thepolitical, cultural, and technological factors that prompted the idea.

How were leaders determined prior to the modern electoral process?How are the leaders of our country’s indigenous populations chosen?Make a comparison highlighting the advantages and disadvantages ofthe modern electoral process vis-á-vis other traditions of selection.

Compose a critique of electoral democracy and the electoral system.What are the strengths and weaknesses that go with popular elections?

Enumerate the problems that perennially plague our electoral system.Describe the mechanisms of one or two techniques in electoral fraud.What social conditions make elections conducive to such practices?Shouldn’t we just get the money but vote as we wish? Why or why not?

Identify the major political parties and party alliances in the country.Can you easily distinguish the political vision of one from another?Are there fundamental differences in their programs of government?

Local politicians are known to be recruited by national parties on theheels of an election season, and so assemble their tickets accordingly.Does a coherent platform matter at all in choosing political affiliations?

Trace the theoretical and historical evolution of the party list system.Write a critical narrative of the party-list experience in our country.

Prepare an inventory of civil society initiatives in electoral reform.Describe what groups like NAMFREL and PPCRV hope to accomplish.Are they anywhere near their goals? Explain and defend your answer.

In theory, what are the factors that should help make a candidate win?In practice, what are the elements of a victorious electoral campaign?Which do you think is more credible: surveys or the official results?

Choreograph an interpretative dance or mime around the composition.

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Itatawid, Ihahatid Kita

E Nais ko sana (nais ko sana)D9/F# kayong yayainE Na ang tadhana (na ang tadhana)D9/F# ating baguhinA B At ipamana sa ating mga anak D769 AAng isang bukas na maningning

E Ibig ko sana (ibig ko sana)D9/F# kayong yakaginE Sa isang panata (sa isang panata)D9/F# at adhikainA B Upang pag-asa ay muling mahagilap D9/F# E7susAt sa isa’t isa gawi’t sabihin Bm7/E (gawi’t sabihin)

A E/DNa sa gitna ng maigting A D6At marahas na kahirapan A B E7susItatawid, itatawid ki--ta

A E/DHanggang sa ating marating A D6Ang totoong kapayapaan A Bm7/E A--Bm7/EIhahatid, iha--hatid kita

A E/DAt sa gitna ng maigting A D6At marahas na kahirapan A B E7susItatawid, itatawid ki--ta A E/DHanggang sa ating marating A D6Ang totoong kapayapaan A Bm7/E AIhahatid, iha--hatid kita

D9/F# APagpalain ka, kaibigan D9/F# ASimulain ay katigan

GAt patnubayan sa biyaya niya ADaing ng bayan ma’y iba’t iba B E7susAy alalayan natin ang isa’t isa

A E/DAt sa gitna ng maigting . . .

[Capo on II]

2 3 4

A

1 2 4

D9/F# G

3 2 41 1 2 3 4 1

B

1 1 1 2 1

Bm7/E

2 3 1

E

2 3

E7sus

x x 1 3 2

E/D

VIx 2 3

D6

x 3 2 4

D769

III

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Kung hahayaan lang ng karaniwang Pilipino ang nangyayari sa bayan,ano sa iyong palagay ang kahihinatnang maging “tadhana” ng bansa?Ito ba ay nakapapanatag o nakababahala? Ipangatuwiran ang sagot.

Dapat bang ang pagbabago ay dinadaan lamang sa mga legal na paraan?Ang Katipunan revolt at ang EDSA uprising ba ay mga legal na paraan?

Alin ang mas decisive: pagbabago ng sarili o pagbabago ng sistema?

Ikaw ba ay kasapi sa isang organisasyon o kilusan na naghahangad ngtuwiran at malaunang pagbabago sa kalakaran ng buong lipunan?Kung kasali ka nga, ano ang nag-udyok sa iyo na maging bahagi nito?Kung hindi naman, ano ang dahilan kung bakit pinagpaliban mo ito?

Naranasan mo na bang magyaya o mayaya na sumapi sa isang grupo?Ano sa tingin mo ang pinakamabisang paraan upang makayakag ng iba?

Sino ang mas may pangunahing dahilan upang makiisa sa isang layunin:yun bang mga taong nakikisimpatya o yung direktang apektado ng isyu?

Makaaasa ba ang mga mahihirap sa mga pinuno nilang mayayaman?

Ang paglaban sa panggagapi at ang pagtatag ng mga bagong kalakaranang siyang dalawang magkabilang mukha ng pagbabago; sama-samangpagtawid sa ilog ng karahasan, at paghatid sa mapayapang kaparangan.

Anu-ano ang iba’t ibang anyo ng “maigting at marahas na kahirapan?”Anu-ano naman, sa kabilang dako, ang mukha ng “totoong kapayapaan?”

Daing ng bayan ma’y iba’t ibaAy alalayan natin ang isa’t isa

Write a critical essay exploring this theme, affirmative or otherwise.

Gumawa ng mga improvised na placards at streamers at i-dramatizeang isang malaking rally habang kinakanta ang Itatawid, Ihahatid Kita.

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2

121113 15

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1

4

10

57

96

8

2022

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3536

34

23

27

24 29

28

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26 30

33

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47

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50

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67

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81

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6860

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61

56

7069

7273

74

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77

80

82

66

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Laguna 27Lanao del Norte 66

Lanao del Sur 67Leyte 54

Maguindanao 69Marinduque 34

Masbate 38Mindoro Occidental 35

Mindoro Oriental 36Misamis Occidental 64

Misamis Oriental 65Mountain Province 09

Negros Occidental 44Negros Oriental 45

Northern Samar 50Nueva Ecija 14

Nueva Vizcaya 13Palawan 49

Pampanga 20Pangasinan 17

Quezon 25Quirino 15

Rizal 24Romblon 37

Samar 51Sarangani 73

Shariff Kabunsuan 82Siquijor 48

Sorsogon 32South Cotabato 72Southern Leyte 55Sultan Kudarat 70

Sulu 79Surigao del Norte 57

Surigao del Sur 58Tarlac 18

Tawi-Tawi 80Zambales 19

Zamboanga del Norte 61Zamboanga del Sur 62

Zamboanga Sibugay 63

23 NCR06 Abra59 Agusan del Norte60 Agusan del Sur40 Aklan31 Albay39 Antique04 Apayao16 Aurora78 Basilan22 Bataan01 Batanes28 Batangas12 Benguet53 Biliran47 Bohol68 Bukidnon21 Bulacan05 Cagayan29 Camarines Norte30 Camarines Sur56 Camiguin41 Capiz33 Catanduanes26 Cavite46 Cebu76 Compostela Valley71 Cotabato74 Davao del Norte75 Davao del Sur77 Davao Oriental81 Dinagat Island52 Eastern Samar43 Guimaras10 Ifugao02 Ilocos Norte03 Ilocos Sur42 Iloilo08 Isabela07 Kalinga-Apayao11 La Union

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Kapag Sinabi Ko sa Iyo

E--B/E--A--B/E..

E B/EKapag sinabi ko sa iyo A B/E na ika'y minamahal E B/ESana'y maunawaan mo A B/E na ako'y isang mortal E B/EAt di ko kayang abutin A F#7/E ang mga bituin at buwan E B/EO di kaya ay sisirin A E--B/E--A.. perlas ng karagatan

E B/EKapag sinabi ko sa iyo A B/E na ika'y iniibig E B/ESana'y maunawaan mo A B/E na ako'y taga-daigdig E B/EKagaya ng karamihan, A F#7/E karaniwang karana--san E B/EDaladala kahit saan A E--B/E.. pang-araw-araw na pasan

E--B/E--A--B/E..

C#m7 G#m7Ako'y hin--di romanti--ko, A B sa iyo'y di ko matitiyak C#m7 G#m7Na pag ako'y kapiling mo, A F#7/E kailanma'y di ka ii--yak E B/EAng magandang hinaharap A F#7/E sikapin nating maa--bot E B/ENgunit kung di pa maganap, A E--B/E.. sana'y huwag mong ikalungkot

E B/EKapag sinabi ko sa iyo A B/E na ika'y sinisinta E B/ESana'y ibigin mo akong A B/E mulat ang iyong mga mata E B/EAng kayamanan kong dala A F#7/E ay pandama't kamala--yan E B/ENa natutunan sa iba A E--B/E.. na nabighani sa bayan

2 3 4

A

1 2 3 4 x

B/E

2 3 1

E

3 4 2 1

F#7/E

1 1 3 1 2 1

C#m7

1 3 1 1 1 1

G#m7

VI VI1 1 2 3 4 1

B

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C#m7 G#m7Halina't ating pandayin, A B isang malayang daigdig C#m7 G#m7Upang doon payabungin, A F#7/E isang malayang pag-i--big

E B/EKapag sinabi ko sa iyo A F#7/E na ika'y sinusu--yo E B/ESana'y yakapin mo ako A E--B/E.. kasama ang aking mundo

Palatandaan

Kaya nga ako hindi natuloy sa pagpapari dahil hindi ko maiwan-iwan yungaking girlfriend. Tapos, malaman-laman ko, pwede naman pala! Pwera biro,yung kakilala kong pari sa Maynila ay nagdesisyong mag-asawa. 70 plus na.At ang kanyang napangasawa ay isa namang madre na mga 50 na ang edad.Yun namang tatay ng kaibigan kong Protestant minister sa Los Baños, 80 yearsold nang namatay ang asawa. Halos masiraan ng bait at naglalasing gabi-gabi.Kino-console naman ng pinsan ng kanyang yumaong asawa. At yun na nga po,nagkaibigan sila ehehe. At yung anak niyang pastor pa ang nagkasal sa kanila!

Nakakainggit ang mga taong hindi natatakot umibig. Yung akinglolo at lola, halimbawa. Bulag na ang lolo ko (pero nakakakita pa dahilisang mata lang ang nabulag) at bingi na ang aking lola (pero nakakarinigpa dahil kaliwang tenga lang ang naapektuhan nang ma-stroke), pero sweetna sweet pa rin sila hanggang yumao si Lola. Minsan nagselos yung lola ko,palibhasa medyo gwapo kasi itong lolo ko (obvious naman sa lahi namin).At hindi siya nakapagpigil, "Ikaw, bulag ka, makikita mo ngayon!"

Pero dahil mahal ng lolo ko ang lola ko, mahinahon na lang itongsinagot ng, "Kahit ginaganyan mo ako, bingi, wala kang maririnig sa akin."

Naniniwala rin naman akong ang pag-aasawa ng mga nagmumurangkamatis ay may bahaging pangangailangan ng kasama sa pagtanda, kausapo katunggali, o companionship, o nurturing na relasyon. Pero sa ganang akin,ito ay palatandaan ng diwa ng pagiging rebelde. Mga isip na parating nag-iisip.Mga damdaming palaging may pakiramdam. Mga paa at mga kamay napalaging gumagalaw. Mga matang laging nagmamasid. Mga tengang walang tigilsa pakikinig. At mga bibig na walang humpay sa kabibigkas ng katotohanan.Sa isang lipunang bida ang mga tuta, sipsep at sutsot na tango lang nang tango,ang mga matatandang ito ay ang mga tunay na rebelde at aktibista.

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Na ako’y isang mortalMag-iiba ba ang iyong pananaw sa buhay kung halimbawang alam mona walang buhay na walang hanggan? Magmamalasakit ka pa rin ba saiyong kapwa kahit wala ka namang maaasahang kapalit na kaligtasan?

Na ako’y taga-daigdigSino’ng pipiliin mo, ang isang “far out” o isang “down-to-earth” na tao?

Pang-araw araw na pasanAnu-ano ang mga bitbiting ito sa karaniwang karanasan ng karamihan?Nakakagaan ba o mas lalong nakakabigat ang mayroong ka-relasyon?

Mulat ang iyong mga mataAno ang intindi mo sa linyang ito? Ihambing sa pamilyar na kasabihang“Love is blind.” Alin sa iyo ang mas mapanghahawakang alituntunin?

Pandama’t kamalayanYaman ba ang kamulatan? Nakakatuwa ba kausap ang walang pakialam?

Na nabighani sa bayanAng magkatugmang pagmamahal ba sa bayan ay nakapagpapatatag pao mas nakakaperwisyo lang sa pag-iibigan ng dalawang mangingibig?

The personal is politicalBaybayin ang ugat ng panuntunang ito. Itabi sa popular na kasabihang“Trabaho lang, walang personalan.” Alin sa dalawa ang mas tumpak?

Isang malayang daigdigPaano mo isalarawan ang daigdig na ito? Anu-ano ang mga pamantayan?

Isang malayang pag-ibigAno ang pag-ibig na hindi malaya? Kaibig-ibig ba ang isang mananakop?Ano ang mga ugali at katangiang nagpapayabong ng malayang pag-ibig?

Kasama ang aking mundoPwede nga bang magpasya ang tao nang walang kinalaman ang mundo?

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Kung Alam Mo Lang Violy

GKung alam mo lang Violy DKung alam mo lang Violy A7 D--D7Kung alam mo lang Violy ang totoo GKung alam mo lang Violy D B7Kung alam mo lang Violy E7 A7 D--A7Matagal ka na nilang niloloko

D A7Baku-baku na ang kalye A7 DPatay-sindi ang kuryente B7 E7Bumaba na ang poverty A7 D--D7Restored na ang democracy

GKung alam mo lang Violy . . .

D A7Hinihingi ng obrero A7 DAy itaas na ang sweldo B7 E7Ang ginawa ng gobyerno A7 D--D7Itinaas ang presyo

GKung alam mo lang Violy . . .

D A7May medium term development A7 DUutangin ang investment B7 E7Panot na ang environment A7 D--D7Tuwang-tuwa ang government

G ~~B7Kung alam mo lang Violy . . .

E B7Forget na lang the land reform B7 EForget the debt moratorium C#7 F#7Forget na rin the behest loan B7 E--E7But don’t forget da condom

AKung alam mo lang Violy EKung alam mo lang Violy B7 EKung alam mo lang Violy ang totoo--E7 A Kung alam mo lang Violy E C#7Kung alam mo lang Violy F#7 B7 A--EMatagal ka na nilang niloloko

2 3 4

A

2 3

A7

x 1 3 2

D

1 1 3 1 4 1

B7

1 1 3 1 4 1

C#7

VI2 3 1

E

2 1

E7G

3 2 4 1 3 1 2 1 1

F#7

x 2 1 3

D7

Option [Capo on II]

68

Garbage in, garbage out. What is the meaning of this old expression?How important is correct information to finding the correct solution?Is “freedom of information” an imperative for national development?

Explain the meaning of trust ratings. Are trust ratings trustworthy?Do you generally trust what the government says? Why or why not?

What about church and business leaders; armed groups like the MILFand the NPA; activists; NGOs; big landlords; transnational corporations;traditional political parties such as LP, NP, NPC, LAKAS-CMD, or LDP;alternative parties like Bayan, Akbayan and Kapatiran; party list groups;foreign governments like the United States, China, Japan, or the EU;international alliances like the UN, or the Red Cross and Red Crescent.How would you rate the trustworthiness of these public institutions?To what factors do you consign their credibility or public disfavor?

What is the value of “transparency and accountability” in governance?How does the Philippines fare among other countries in this respect?

What images, stories, books, songs, movies, radio programs, or jokes,come to your mind with the mention of the term “corrupt practices?”

Whose names and faces emerge in your thoughts along with the words“corrupt officials?” Qualify your answers with verifiable arguments.

How much taxes end up uncollected due to dishonesty and bribery?How much public funds are misappropriated or inefficiently spent?

Does corruption benefit all those involved in it equitably? How come?

Why is stealing not a big problem in a primitive subsistence economy?Is there a natural correlation between the evolution of surplus, money,capital, private property and social hierarchy—and systemic corruption?Discuss both questions, or assail the assumptions, in a short essay.

Compose two stanzas using the tune of the verses of the song Violy.

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STUDY GUIDE IDEAS

71

Paano Malalaman Kung May Taga-Malacañang sa Sabungan

Paano raw malalaman kung may tanga sa sabungan? May nagdala ng pato.Paano malalaman kung may mas tanga sa sabungan? May pumusta sa pato.

Sa isang simpleng pagtingin, ganito ang kahabag-habag na kalagayanng naglipanang sa kabila ng hirap ng buhay ay mayron pa ring pansugal!Kasi halimbawa sa larong "ending" na lang, na kung saan pinapipili ka ngdalawang numero mula zero hanggang nine, at kung ito ay tumugma saending ng score, halimbawa ng isang basketball game, ay mananalo ka.Sabihin na nating ang sampung piso ay mananalo ng anim na raang piso.Dahil ang total na taya ay isang libo, tiba-tiba sa tubo ang mga operators.

Kaya mahalagang ituro nang masinop ang Arithmetic na angkop sakalagayan ng lipunan. Kung naiintindihan lang sana ng mga mananaya naang kanilang dalawampung piso ay halagang dose na lang pagkataya pa lang,baka naman titigil na ang nakauunawa, at ibili na lang ng ulam ang matitipid.

Sa isang banda, ang mga mahihirap ay tila baga mga aliping langgamna unti-unting nag-iipon ng mga pagkain para sa kanilang mga panginoon.Sa totoo lang, ang isang mayamang naglalaro sa casino ay mas maliit angporsyento ng pagkadehado kumpara sa isang mahirap na tumataya sa lotto.Kaya hindi totoo ang sinasabing ang mga mayayaman lang naman daw angmay kakayahang magsugal. Sa madali't sabi, lantarang dinadaya ng gobyernoang taumbayan sa paghaya ng legal at di pagsugpo ng mga illegal na sugal.

Kung hindi rin lang natin mapigil ang mga mamamayan sa walangkadala-dalang pagdadala ng mga barya-barya upang maging milyon-milyonna sinasamsam ng mga pulitiko at pulis sa lottong legal at jueteng na bawal,maigi pa nga siguro ay magpalaganap na lang ng mga gaming cooperativeskung saan ang masa ay makakataya sa kanilang kooperatiba. Immoral kamo?Yung Simbahan nga, bukod sa pa-bingo, pang-Pagcor na, pam-Pajero pa!

Subalit ang pinakamahiwagang bugtong pa rin ay, bakit ba hindimasugpu-sugpo ng napakamakapangyarihang kasundaluhan at kapulisanang public menace na ito? Clue: Lagpas dalawang dosenang sundalo’t pulisna saksi mismo sa nangyari ang walang makitang irregular sa Atimonan.Not with the magical appearing and disappearing guns, nor in the overkill.So, kanino galing ang order na huwag nilang ibunyag ang totoong kwento?

At paano naman daw malalaman kung may taga-Malacañang sa sabungan?Nanalo ang pato.

72

Sana’y Di Ka Masanay

E A9/F# E9/G# A9/F# Minsan ako'y sa isang lunsod napa--dakoE A9/F# E9/G# A9/F# Salat sa tu--big, ilaw at trabahoE A9/F# E9/G# A9/F# Ngunit sagana sa usok at basuraE A9/F# E9/G# Bm7/E Mga naninirahan sa banketa

A B/A E9/G# E136Ang kwento nila sa a-------kin, A9/F# F#m7/B E--Bm7/EBuhay ay luma-----lala A B/A E9/G# E136Ngunit nakangi---ti pa rin A9/F# F#m7/B Ab76--C#7b3Sa tuwing buma----baha A9/F# E9/G#Sana'y di ka masanay, A E9/G#Sana’y di ka masanay A E9/G# A9/F# F#m7/B E--Sa ganyang kla-----seng bu-----hay

--A9/F#--E9/G#--A9/F#..

E A9/F# E9/G# A9/F# Minsa'y isang tulad kong musikeroE A9/F# E9/G# A9/F# Kagaya ng karaniwang taoE A9/F# E9/G# A9/F# Naghahangad ng isang simpleng buhayE A9/F# E9/G# Bm7/E Ngunit walang awa nilang pinatay

3 2 4

G

2 1

Am7

1 3 4 2 1 1

F

1 1 3 1 4 1

B7

2 1

E7

x 1

Am7/D

x 1 4

Gsus/A

32 4

G/B

x 32 4

G/F

1 3 2 1

C/E

2 1 3 4

E9/G#

x 3 2 4 1

C#7b3

2 3 4

A

1 3 1 2 1

Bm7/E

2 3 1

E

3 1 4

E136

2 3 4

A9/F#

x 2 3 4

B/A

1 1 1 1 1 1

F#m7/B

1 3 1 2 4 1

Ab76

VI

73

A B/A E9/G# E136Ang kwento nila sa a-------kin, A9/F# F#m7/B E--Bm7/EMarami raw ang nanood A B/A E9/G# E136Ngunit upang pigi------lin A9/F# F#m7/B Ab76--C#7b3Walang nag-------lakas------loob A9/F# E9/G# . . . ~~Am7/DSana'y di ka masanay . . .

G Gsus/A G/B Gsus/A Minsan ako'y nasa isang pamantasanG Gsus/A G/B Gsus/A Mga mag-aaral ang nagkukuwentuhanG Gsus/A G/B Gsus/A Ang lalim ng paksang pinag-uusapanG Gsus/A G/B G/F Kung paano bang mabilis yumaman

C/E G/B Am7/D G/B--G/FKayraming nangangailangan sa sarili mong bansaC/E G/B Am7/D B7--E7Ngunit ang karamihan ang isipa'y banyaga Am7 G/B C/E G/BSana'y di ka masanay, sana’y di ka masanay C/E G/B Gsus/A Am7/D G/B--G/FSa ganyang kla---seng bu-----hay

C/E G/BHuwag na huwag kang masanay F GHuwag tayong pasasanay C/E F C/EHuwag na huwag na huwag na huwag F C/E G/B--G/FNa huwag na huwag na huwag nawa

C/E G/BHuwag na huwag kang masanay Am7 G/BHuwag tayong pasasanay C/E G/B Gsus/A Am7/D G--Gsus/A--G/B--Sa ganyang kla----seng bu---hay --Am7/D--G

74

Isalarawan ang buhay ng karaniwang Pilipinong maralitang lungsod.Makipanayam at makipamuhay sa buhay ng mga pamilyang kapos satrabaho, tubig, pagkain at iba pang batayang pangangailangan sa buhay.

Paano nakakaigpaw ang masa sa problemang sinasagupa araw-araw?

Madalas marinig sa mga kantang Pilipino ang “tawanan ang problema.”Ang sinasabing bang "resilience" nating mga Pilipino ay isang bagayna kahanga-hanga o kabaha-bahala? Ipangatuwiran ang iyong pananaw.

Ito ba ay masasabing talagang likas na katangian nating mga Pilipino?Bakit mo nasabi? Ano ba dapat: masanay sa hirap o lunasan ang kahirapan?

Ang awit na ito ay sinulat noong 1993, taong pinaslang ang musikerongsi Cesar "Saro" Bañares. Pagnilayan ang mga kantang kanyang sinulat.

Ano ang pansing epekto ng pagiging "walang pakialam” ng karamihangmga mamamayan sa mga nangyayari sa paligid at kalakhan ng lipunan?

Ano ang pangarap ng karaniwang mag-aaral? Ang iyo bang minimithiay may kinalaman sa kinabukasan ng iyong bansa at sa iyong kapwa?

Unawain ang asam ng napakamaraming Pilipino na mangibang-bayan.Ito kaya ay nakabubuti o nakapipinsala para sa Pilipinas sa kalaunan?

Gaano kamakapangyarihan ng kamalayan sa pagtakda ng kasaysayan?

Gumawa ng isang bagong stanza ayon sa tono at sukat ng kantang ito.

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Ang wika ng mga enlightened yogis, “Man jeetai jagjeet.”Sa madaling salita, conquer the mind, conquer the world.Ang oppression ay wala ‘ikang pinag-iba sa pagkatuto ngpagwe-welding. Sa unang sabak, mamamaga at hahapdinang matindi ang iyong mga mata. Ngunit paglaon ay dimo na ito iindahin. Yung iba nga, sa sobrang pagkasanayng mga mata ay di na kailangang maglagay ng pantakip.

STUDY GUIDE IDEAS

77

EC

GG

EC

GG

EC

GG

EC

GG

EC

GG

HUNTAHAN

Thermos, tasa, kutsarita at kape, hehe. Is that a political statement?

Fashion statement, hehe. Alam mo, five pesos lang yan, masarap naman.Kasi naman yung mga branded na brewed di ko naman na ma-afford.Sabi nga ng mga aktibista, simpleng pamumuhay, puspusang pakikibaka.

At bakal pa talaga ang tasa n’yong baon. Old school na old school, hehe.

Yan ‘kamo ang matibay. Hindi kumakapit ang sebo, madaling linisin,walang amoy, hindi nababasag pag bumagsak, pwede mo pang gawingpainitan ng ulam, at hindi naman kamahalan. Ang ganda pa ng itsura!

Pati bike n’yo panahon pa yata ng Hapon, hehe. Do you like old things?

Hindi naman porke’t luma na ang isang bagay ay dapat kailangan monang palitan. Kung wala namang diperensya, e bakit mo iwawaglit?Yun ang isang hindi magandang ugali na kambal ng komersyalismo.Maya’t maya, palit nang palit ng gamit kahit di naman sira yung dati.Dagdag pa na pabigat yun sa natural resources ng mundo sa totoo lang.Pati mga boypren at mga girlpren, maya’t maya palit nang palit, hehe.

Hehe, oo nga po. Maya’t maya rin po kasi may bagong model ng ganito,may bagong version ng ganyan. Syempre gusto rin po nila nasa uso.

Siguro nga bahagi talaga yun ng logic ng evolution. At mayroon namantalagang advantages sa bagong technologies, gaya ng mga e-book readers.But we should put all that in a bigger frame. Kasi tingnan mo naman,kung ano pa yung dapat baguhin, tulad ng mga social inequalities,ironically yun ang lalong pini-preserve. At nagsermon na naman si lolo.

Not what you earn out of what you do, but what you do out of what you earn.

Sabi nga, it’s not about having things; it’s about having things together.Yun naman talaga ibig sabihin ng purpose and meaning of life, di ba? Hehe.Kung may sinasabing tatlong pangunahing pabigat ng bansa, mayroon dingtatlong pampagaan. Mainit na kape, malilim na puno, at masayang kausap.

78

Minsa’y Isang Bansa

D9--G--Em7/A--D9--D9sus--

D9 G/B Gm6 D Minsa’y isang bansa ang na--ngangarap E7 Gm6 DNangarap sa gitna ng karimlan Em/C# C#dim Bm7Makapagpahinga nawa sa hirap E79/G# Em7/A G--D9--D9sus--D9At makawala sa kawalan

A/G D9/F#Bayang nababalot ng hiwaga A/G D9/F#Hindi ka ba namamangha A/G D9/F#Lupa na sagana’t pinagpala Em7 F#7sus--F#7Bakit naglipana ang dukha

D9 G/B Gm6 D Minsa’y isang bansang nakipaglaban E7 Gm6 DNag-alay ng kanyang mga anak Em/C# C#dim Bm7Hangad ang magandang kina--bukasang E79/G# Em7/A D9--D9sus--D9Tinatamasa ng lahat

A/G D9/F#Ano nga ba’ng saysay ng Pugad Lawin A/G D9/F#Kung ang madla’y aba’t mangmang A/G D9/F#Ang EDSA ba ay may ibig sabihin Em7 F#7sus--F#7Sa mga tiyang kumakalam

x 1 3 4

Am6

VIx 3 1 1 1 1

A6/C#

2 3 1

E

3 4 2 1 1

F#/E

x 1 1 1 1 1

F#m7/B

1 1 3 1 2 1

C#m7

VIx x 1 3 2 4

Adim

x x 1 2 3 4

F#m/Eb

2 3 4

A9/F#

3 2

A9

IV

x 3 1 2

D9

IIx 4 1 2

D9sus

II

x 1 3 2

D

G

3 2 4

1

2 1

E7

1 3 1 4 1

B7

1 3 4 2 1 1

F#

1 3 1 2 1 1

F#7

1 3 1 4 1 1

F#7sus

x x 1 3 2

E/D

VI

1 2 4

D9/F#

x 3 2 1

Em7/A

III

3 1 1 4 2 1

E79/G#

G/B

x 1 3 4

Gm6

x 1 2 3 4

1 3 2 4

Em/C#

III2 3 1 4

C#dim

III

1 1 3 1 2 1

Bm7

2 4

Em7

2 3 1 1 1 x

A/G

79

D9 G/B Gm6 D Minsa’y isang bansang nagba--yanihan E7 Gm6 DUpang iahon ang munting dampa Em/C# C#dim Bm7Subali’t sa halip na ka--butihan Em7--G F#Sa tiwali’t digma muling nasalanta

Em7 A/G D9/F#Ako’y nakikiusap sa may kaya A/G D9/F#Sa abot ng inyong kakayanan A/G D9/F#Ipalaganap ang hustisya Em7 F#7~~B7--E/DAt kalingahin ang sambayanan

A6/C# Am6 EMinsa’y isang bansa ang nag----sisikap F#/E Am6 ENa samantalahin ang panahon F#m/Eb Adim C#m7--F#/EMinsa’y isang bansa ang nangangarap A9/F# F#m7/B A9--ENa sana’y mahalin mo na ngayon

What generation?

I do not write for this generation. I am writing for other ages. If this onecould read me, they would burn my books, my entire life’s worth of works.On the other hand, the generation which shall then interpret these writingswill be an educated generation; they will be able understand me and say:Not all were asleep in the night time of our grandparents. —Pilosopo Tasio

Hindi ko hangad na lapastanganin ang hangad ng mga dakilang nuno ng lahi.Sino ba ang tatanggi sa isang bayang may kasarinlan at malaya sa mananakop?Ngunit kung masisilayan lamang sana ng mga ito ang kalunus-lunos na bansangniluwal sa lawa ng kanilang dugo at luha, ano kaya ang kanilang sasabihin?

80

Isalaysay kung paano nga ba nabuo ang Pilipinas bilang isang bansa.

Balikan ang Kartilya ng Katipunan at Preamble ng Philippine Constitution.Ano ang masasabing adhikain at pangarap ng Sambayanang Pilipino?

Ilarawan sa malikhaing paraan ang lawak ng likas-yaman ng Pilipinas.Ilarawan ang likas na talento ng manggagawa at magsasakang Pilipino.

Ilarawan sa malikhaing paraan ang saklaw ng panlipunang kahirapan.Ilarawan ang humihikab at lumulubha na agwat ng marangya at dukha.

Balikan ang mga pagbalikwas at pakikipaglaban ng mga taong bayansa pananakop ng mga imperyalistang Kastila, Amerikano at Hapones.

Balikan ang madilim na yugto ng Martial Law sa kasaysayan ng Pilipinas.Sa mga panahong ito, ano ang nagkakaisang hinanakit ng mamamayan?

Balikan ang pag-aklas ng mga Katipunero. Balikan ang EDSA uprising.Ihambing. Umalwan nga ba ang buhay ng masa pagkatapos ng EDSA?Lumaya nga ba ang bansa matapos makawala sa gapos ng mga Kastila?

Maghagilap ng mga taong nakasama mismo sa People Power Uprising.Ano ang kanilang naging papel doon? Naroon ba sila bilang organisasyon?

Anong mga kaganapan noong panahong iyon ang di nila malilimutan?Pagtagpi-tagpiin ang kanilang mga kwento sa isang masusing sanaysay.

Maghagilap ng mga matatandang lolo na may mga kwentong naikwentorin sa kanila ng kanilang mga lolo tungkol sa panahon ng mga Kastila.Ihambing ang kanilang mga kwento doon sa nakasulat sa mga textbooks.

Gumawa ng listahan ng mga pag-aaral hinggil sa tiwaling pamamahala.Gumawa ng collage ng mga news clippings tungkol sa armed conflicts.

Batay sa kasaysayan ng Pilipinas, ano ang mga ugat na sanhi (root causes)ng mga paulit-ulit na sumasalanta na katiwalian at gyera sa ating bansa?

Anu-ano ang masasabi mong iyong angking mga talento at kakayanan?

Balik-aralan at suriin ang Lupang Hinirang at Panatang Makabayan.Paano mo naipapamalas ang pagmamahal, hindi lamang sa iyong sariliat sariling pamilya kundi, sa iyong mga kapamayanan at kababayan?

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STUDY GUIDE IDEAS

83

Sa Dulang ng Ama

C G CSa iisang hapagG C D79/F# G A7sus--A7Ating itatag ang pagkakaisaDm A7 Dm7Ang sisidlang basag G7sus G7 CAting ilapag sa dulang ng Ama

Dm/B E7 Am--Am/CPagsaluhan natin ang luksa Dm/B E7 Am--Gm7/CAt damhin ang sugat ng bansa F G/F Em7--Am7At doon, doon natin ipunla D79/F# G7sus--G7Butil ng diwang mapagpalaya

C G AmSa iisang hapagFm6 C Gm7/C F Ating itatag, ibangon, itindig

F G/F Em7---Am7Sa dulang ng katotohanan F G/F Em7--Am7Sa sahig ng katarungan F G/F Em7---Am7Doon, doon natin ipagdiwang Dm7 G7sus F C9Kapaya--paa't pag-ibig

Option [Capo on II]

2 3 13 2 4 2 32 4 x 2 3 1 x 2 3 4 1

Dm/B

1 3 1 4 1 1

G7sus

III3 4 2 1

C D79/F#G A7A7sus Dm

x 2 1 1

Dm72 1

Am7

1 3 4 2 1 1

F

2 3 1

Am

2 1

E7

2 4

Em7

4 2 3 1

Am/C

1 1 1 1 1 1

Gm7/C

III1 2 4

G/F

x x 1 1 1

Fm6

3 2 4

C9

1 3 1 2 1 1

G7

III

84

Gumawa ng tala ng mga naaalala mong mga sinalihang organisasyon.Anu-ano ang mga layunin ng mga samahang ito? At bakit ka sumapi?

Nakatulong ba sa iyo ang pagiging kasapi sa mga samahang natukoy?

Ang iyo bang mga samahang sinalihan ay may mga karibal na grupo?Alam mo ba ang layunin ng mga ito? Bakit hindi sila ang pinili mo?May mga malapit na kaibigan ka bang kasapi sa mga samahang ito?May mga activities ba na magkakasama ang inyo at kanilang grupo?

Ano naman ang pakinabang ng publiko sa mga grupong sinalihan mo?Nakikialam ba ito sa pagsusulong ng mga batas na nakabubuti sa lahat?

Gumawa ng maikling pananaliksik tungkol sa paksang Religious Wars.Mayron din bang mga ganito sa ating bansa? Ipaliwanag ang sagot.How do you reconcile war with teachings on justice and compassion?

What are the effects of armed conflicts and threats of war on peopleand their communities? Who suffers the most out of such violence?

Make a survey of the players in the global arms industry and its size.Contrast the figures against the global deficits on food and education.Examine the national budget. Compare the allotments for social service,military spending, and debt payments. Compose a short commentary.

Organize a small gathering of people from different political groups.Ask everyone to share how their ideologies have helped shape theirpersonal character and develop their concern for the good of others.

Organize a small gathering of people from different religious groups.Ask each one to share how their beliefs have helped them becomebetter persons and better citizens. Come up with concrete examples.

Compose a short prayer that in your understanding may be uttered bypeople of all faiths. Ask your little group to read and say it together.Make a one-minute video presentation using the piece you composed.

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STUDY GUIDE IDEAS

87

Eroplanong Papel

Em B7Nakasulat doon ang pangarap ko Am7 D7 G--B7Ang mithiin ng batang musmos Em B7At marahil ikaw ay katulad ko Am7 D7 G--Em7Na saksi sa paghihikahosAm EmSana'y mayron nang tahanan Am EmAng gumagawa ng bahayAm EmAt masaganang hapunan Am Edim B7Ang naghahasik ng palay

F76 Bdim/E Am--Am7Ang bundok ay handang akyatin D79/F# GDagat ma'y kaya ring tawirin F76 Bdim/E Am--Am7Ang pangarap ko'y mararating D79/F# B7--G76Isang araw ay liliparin C D/C Bm7--Em7Ang mata--taas na pader Am7 Am7/D G--B7Ng aking eroplanong papel

Em B7Ang aking eroplano'y kasing kulay Am7 D7 G--B7Ng iba't ibang uring mukha Em B7Ng mga suot, awit at sayaw Am7 D7 G--Em7At watawat ng bawat bansa Am EmAt ito ay hindi panaginip lang Am EmKung tayo'y magkaisang-tinig Am EmKung ikaw at ako ay magtutulungang Am Edim B7Pandayin ang bagong daigdig

F76 Bdim/E Am--Am7Ang bundok ay handang akyatin . . .

Fin:Bm7/E A9 A9/G D9/F# Isang araw ay lili----parin Dm9/F A--Aaug/b5Isang araw ay bubuwagin D E/D C#m7--F#m7Ang mata--taas na pader Bm7 Bm7/E D9/F#--A9Ng aking eroplanong papel

2 3

Em

2 3 1

Am

3 2 4

G

2

Em7

2 1

Am7

x 2 1 3

D7

x 2 1 3 4

B71 1 3 1 2 1

Bm7

1 3 1 2 4 1

G76

III1 2 3

Edim

1 3 1 2 4 1

F76

3 2 1

Bdim/E

2 3 1

D79/F#

3 4 2 1

C

1 2 1 1 3 1

D/C

x 1

Am7/D2 3 4

A

x 1 3 2

D

1 1 3 1 2 1

C#m7

VIx x 1 3 2

E/D

VIx 1 3 4 2

Aaug/b5

3 2

A9

V1 2

A9/G

Vx 3 1 2

D9/F#

1 3 2 4

Dm9/F

1 1 1 2 1

Bm7/E1 3 1 1 1 1

F#m7

88

Noong ikaw ay maliit na bata pa, ano ang mga pangarap mo sa buhay?Bakit mo ito naisip? Mayron bang taong malapit sa iyo (halimbawa,magulang, ate, kuya, tiyahin o kakilala o kapitbahay) na iyong idolo?

Ang makatulong sa iyong kapwa ba ay kalakip sa iyong pinangarap?Kung ganun, sino ang nagturo sa iyo na dapat kang tumulong sa iba?

Sino ba ang mga taong maituturing mong naging successful sa buhay?

Ano ang iyong mga batayan para masabing sila ay nangag-tagumpay?

Examine the state and quality of public education in the Philippines.Compare our public school system’s typical class size with those ofour neighbors and the global average. Compare the average numberof class hours that Filipino students spend in school across decades.

What about the number of schools, classrooms, teachers and books?Ano ang kinalaman ng budget at population sa quality of education?Suriin ang kabuhayang estado ng karaniwang public school teacher.Ano ang implikasyon nito sa kalidad ng pagtuturo at uri ng edukasyon?

Siyasatin kung ilang porsyento ng mga kabataan ang nakapagtatapos ngprimary, high school, at college. Ilan ang tapos ng “trade schools?”

Bakit may mga ganap nang guro ang nagpasyang mamasukan bilangkatulong sa ibang bansa? O mga duktor na mas piniling maging nurse?Ilan sa mga nagsipagtapos ng kolehiyo ang walang regular na trabaho?

Write a reaction paper on the above statement by a Catholic bishop.

Write a letter to a person who inspires you to keep trying your best.

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The huge Philippine population could be part ofGod’s plan for Filipinos to be caregivers to ageingnations whose populations had become stagnant.Filipino women make good wives for foreigners.

STUDY GUIDE IDEAS

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Sa palagay n’yo po, yun bang inclination sa arts ay saan nag-uumpisa?

Ang suspicion ko ay mula pa sa pagkasilang natin, may mga aptitudestayo na kakambal. Ang taguri namin diyan sa Kaalagad ay “competencies.”Halimbawa sports, mathematics, practical arts, technology, media.Kaya mahalagang ma-expose ang mga bata sa mga ito para mas lumitawyung lundo ng kanilang kakayahan ayon sa kanilang mga kakanyahan.

Paano naman po yung mga katulad kong walang katalent-talent, hehe?

Haha. Etong pagkakaiba-ibang ito ay isa pang larangan ng stratification,consistent with the logic of hierarchism. Kaya yung mga magsasaka,kahit malaki ang ambag sa lipunan, malayo ang kinikita kaysa abogado.Syempre dawit-dawit na yung headstart nila bilang mahirap at mayaman.

Sa inyong karanasan, ano ang mga hazards ng pagiging isang artist?

Sa isang economy na wala gaanong surplus, hindi gaanong importanteyung mga bagay na “hindi nakakain.” Kaya ang assigned value sa ganunay mababa. Gutom aabutin mo, hehe. Kaya kailangan dumikit ka sa mgamas viable na kalakal, tulad ng advertising o entertainment, para kumita.Pag di mo sila na-entertain nang husto, ayun bubugbugin ka, hehehe.Hindi pa naman ako nabugbog. Pero muntik na rin ako masaksak dahildi ko kabisado kantahin yung request ng lasing na kostumer na Knife.

Paano pa po yung mga gumagawa ng mga kantang may social content?

May natural constraint din. Kasi, hirap ka na ngang mangalap ng pondosa organizing, kakalusan mo pa ba ng budget para dun sa mga artists?

Tingin n’yo po, may mga nagpupursige pa rin ba sa progressive music?

Baka ang mas mahalagang tanong ay kung nakaangkla ba ang “artistry”ng mga artists sa isang democratic agenda. Ang sining kasi ay bahaging mas malawak na latag ng kabuuang productive forces ng lipunan.Shaped and shaper. Art is meant to feed, as much as feed upon, change.

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HUNTAHAN

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Kung Ika’y Wala

Dm79--G7susKung ika’y wa--la C9 Am7Ang palibot ko’y parang may tabing Dm79--G7susKung ika’y wa--la C9 Am7Ang mga mata ay may piringE7 Am7--D769Kapaligira’y Am7 D769Nasisira ang tunay na kulay Am7--D769At lumalala G7susKung ika’y wala

C G/BKulay abo ang la--ngitF9/A G/B C.. (repeat pattern)Kung ika’y wala C G/BKulay dugo ang lu--paF9/A G/B Am7--D769Kung ika’y wala Dm79 Am79Kulay luntian ang araw Dm79 Am79Ang dagat ay kulay dilaw D769 G7susAng sampaguita ay bughaw C--F9/A--G/B--C (3x)Kung ika’y wala Bb--F--C

Dm79--G7susKung ika’y wa--la C9 Am7Buhay ko’y walang patutunguhan Dm79--G7susKung ika’y wa--la C9 Am7O sinisintang KalayaanE7 Am7--D769Kapaligira’y Am7 D769Parang asiwa at di na bagay Am7--D769At lumulubha G7susKung ika’y wala

C G/BKulay abo ang la--ngitF9/A G/B C.. (repeat pattern)Kung ika’y wala C G/BKulay dugo ang lu--paF9/A G/B Am7--D769Kung ika’y wala Dm79 Am79Kulay luntian ang araw Dm79 Am79Ang dagat ay kulay dilaw D769 G7susAng sampaguita ay bughaw Am79--D769..Kung ika’y wala

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Dm79 Am79At ang uwak kulay papel Dm79 Am79At ang tagak kulay klabel D769 G7susKulay kalawang ang kahel Am79--D769Kung ika’y wala

Dm79 Am79At ang gabi kulay kula Dm79 Am79At ang buwa’y kulay pasa D769 G7susAng rosas ay kulay tingga C--F9/A--G/B--C (3x)Kung ika’y wala Bb--F--C

I think I came across this poem way back in college. Martial Law pa noon.At kahit di man kami lahat kasapi ng mga sinasabing militanteng samahan,the “lure” of freedom pulled in together many of us in the state university.Of course there were then, as there are now, the smart smug self-marinatedconios who never tire of insisting, “Makakain ba yang katarungan na yan?”

Like they say, the most ignorant are often the most arrogant. Butnot really. These rich kids are anything but ignorant. Iba lang talaga siguroang kinasanayang mundo at mga karanasan. Di sila gutom at di sila madungis.Tama nga si Darwin, the fit and the fortunate survive. Their parents are fit,and they are lucky to be their parents’ offsprings.

The numb too, we should add. Martial Law! Those were dreadful years.But dreadful only to those who defied Marcos and resisted legalized tyranny.Those incapable of sympathy and love beyond kin and friends survivedunscathed inside the tombs of their dead homes and deader places of worship.Relatively far from harm and hunger, they couldn’t care less . . .

. . . if filthy cronies and transnational corporations poisoned riversor blackened the skies with the bowels and soot of their filthy concessions;or if AFP mercenaries smeared the countryside with the blood of dissent;or if politicians and their spouses and children openly mocked democracy.

The liberties we have today were paid for by the sacrifices of many.And enjoyed especially by those who scoff at the idea of struggling to be free.

Paano masabing baya’y gupoPaano malamang paglaya’y bigoTignan ang ulap na kulay aboMasdan ang dagat na kulay dugo

Free Ride

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Trace the development and establishment of the universal libertiesof freedom of speech, assembly, movement, and exercise of religion.What other “freedoms” are citizens guaranteed in our Constitution?Are these freedoms intended to be evenly applied on every person?Are the rich “more free” than the poor? What is the question about?Explain in your own words the following popular freedom quotations:

True individual freedom cannot exist without economic securityand independence. People who are hungry and out of a job arethe stuff of which dictatorships are made. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT

People demand freedom of speech to make up for the freedomof thought which they avoid. SOREN KIERKEGAARD

I disapprove of what you say, but I will defend to the deathyour right to say it. VOLTAIRE

The unity of freedom has never relied on uniformity of opinion.JOHN F. KENNEDY

Whenever a separation is made between liberty and justice,neither is safe. EDMUND BURKE

Those who desire to give up freedom in order to gain securitywill not have, nor do they deserve, either one. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

We, and all others who believe in freedom as deeply as we do, wouldrather die on our feet than live on our knees. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT

Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four.If that is granted, all else follows. GEORGE ORWELL

Freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor;it must be demanded by the oppressed. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR.

A slave is one who waits for someone to come and free him. EZRA POUND

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STUDY GUIDE IDEAS

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Nasa Pagkilos

D F#7 G6Ano ba’ng pinakahanap-hanap mo Em7 Em7/A D9Di ba't ang umasenso't umunlad D F#7 G6Paano ba maabot ang pangarap mo Bm7 E7 Em7Nasa pagsisikap at pagsisipag Em7/ATara na kapatid!

G6 D9/F#Nasa pagkilos ang pag-asenso G6 D9/F#Kilos na bisig, isip at puso G6 D9/F#--D9/BNasa pagkilos ang pag-asenso Em7/A D9Kaya kumilos tayo

D F#7 G6Pag-aaral, kalusugan, kasaganahan Em7 Em7/A D9Tubig, ilaw o sapatos at damit D F#7 G6Maunlad na negosyo at sakahan Bm7 E7 Em7Sama-sama nating makakamit Em7/AKilos na kapatid!

G6 D9/F#Nasa pagkilos ang pag-asenso . . .

D C G DKilos na, kilos na, kilos na, kilos na!

F#7 BmMamumutiktik ang mga lawang tuyoF#7 BmMamumulaklak ang nalalagas na puno G F#Mamumunga ang lupang tigang G A7susSa oras na tayo'y magbayanihan Em7/ASulong na kapatid!

G6 D9/F#Nasa pagkilos ang pag-asenso G6 D9/F#Kilos na bisig, isip at puso G6 D9/F#--D9/BNasa pagkilos ang pag-asenso Em7/A D9--Am7/DKaya kumilos tayo

G6 D9/F#Nasa pagkilos ang pag-asenso G6 D9/F#Kilos na bisig, isip at puso G6 D9/F#--D9/BNasa pagkilos ang pag-asenso Em7 F#m7Kaya kumilos, kaya kumilos G6 Em7/A D9Kaya kumilos tayo

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How would you describe what many people generally call “a better life?”What does that mean in economic terms? In personal relationships?How does that translate into the life of a community and of a nation?

For an average family to achieve a better future, what do you supposeit would need to take? What do you and your own family dream of ?As an individual, what are you prepared to do to make that happen?

Maituturing mo ba ang iyong sarili, kamag-anak, kaibigan o katrabaho,na mga taong masisipag, o na mga batugan? Ipaliwanag ang iyong sagot.

Ano ang mga sakripisyo at panganib na hinaharap ng mga OverseasFilipino Workers? Magkano ang kanilang ambag sa ating ekonomiya?How much tax do they pay? What do they get back from the government?

Ano ang mga karaniwang hadlang sa pagkamit ng maalwan na buhay?Ano ang kadalasang pinagkakagastusan ng mga tao pag nagkakapera?Make a quick inventory of things you have that you hardly ever use.

Write a one-page review of Jose Rizal’s The Indolence of the Filipino.

Unwillingness to work when there is nothing in it for them is common toFilipinos and Americans, for Thomas Jefferson (himself ) admitted thatextravagance and indolence were the chief faults of his countrymen.Write a commentary on this 1913 assertion (and quote) by Austin Craig.

Mula sa mga baybay at bukid, sundan ang “value-chain” ng lamandagat,palay at gulay, hanggang makarating sa mga palengke at supermarkets.

Gumawa ng pananaliksik tungkol sa katutubong ugali ng Bayanihan.Buhay pa ba ang ganitong tradisyon hanggang sa ngayon? Ipangatuwiran.

Mangalap ng mga larawan, awitin at literatura na nagsasaad ng diwa ngBayanihan. Gawan ito ng isang maikling video production o MTV.Kumuha ng litrato ng mga karaniwang taong sama-samang gumagawang mga pang-araw-araw na gawain. Sila ba’y nalulumbay o masasaya?

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You write songs because you want to, and jingles because you have to.

Aba di madali maging sell-out artist! Try n’yo kung may bibili, hehe.Yes, tumatanggap ako ng mga commissioned works, mga theme songsat mga commercials, because that’s where I get to save a little moneyso I can write what I want to write. Magastos kasi ang songmaking.Mahal mag-record ng piyesa, at wala naman akong funding dahil ayokomakipagbolahan sa mga funding agencies para lang ‘ika maambunan.

You don’t know people in the music business? Like record companies?

Oh yes I do, but they are hardly on the lookout for the kind of projects thatI work on. Sinubukan ko rin naman halimbawa ilako yung rights samusical na Lean at albums na Saranggola sa Ulan at Basurero ng Luneta,but you have to understand that the music industry is just like any otherbusiness. Kung sa tingin mo ay hindi mabili ang produkto, ganun talaga.

But somehow you’ve managed to produce your own materials anyway.Sabi n’yo po, you raise the money you need from commissioned works.Kailangan bang consistent sa paniniwala n’yo yung message ng projectpara tanggapin n’yo? Tulad po nitong federalism, do you believe in it?

That’s a difficult question kasi karamihan ng mga jingles ay panlakong kung anu-anong mga produkto na walang katuturan. I try to focus ontheme songs but just the same, kailangan mong manimbang kasi maypretensions ka rin ng self-respect. This particular song is not much ofan issue for me kasi naniniwala naman ako sa subsidiarity. Of coursesome parties use federalism as a smokescreen for their unholy agenda.But in theory at least, as to whether or not you need to nationalize firstbefore you can democratize, I think both motifs can work side by side.

Nabasa ko nga po yung sinulat n’yong one-hour crash course based dunsa kanta. Nakakaaliw po at mukhang masaya kayo nung ginagawa nyo.

Ah, yun siguro ang minimum, hehe. Dapat, besides intellectual honesty,dapat masaya kang gumagawa ng project para di agad masiraan ng bait.

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HUNTAHAN

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Sambayanan

D A BmKaytagal na nating nangangarap G D Em7Ng isang bansa na mapayapa’t maunlad CMasigasig, masisikap GKahusayan ay laganap C G Em7/ANgunit paano at kailan matutupad?

D9 Em7/A DSambayanan ang maghahatid sa atin Am/C B7 ESa matatayog nating adhikain Em7 A7 DM7Sambayanang ating ipupundar GM7 CM7 E7 Em7/ASa kusa at dasal, tiyaga’t pagmamahal D9 Em7/A DSambayanan ang magbubuklod sa atin Am7 Am7/D G--Sambayanang malaya’t marangalE7/G# D9 Em7/A Panahon nang mailuwal, D9 Em7/AMaitatag, maitanghal D9 Bm7 Em7--Em7/A D9Mabuhay ang Sambayanang Federal

D A BmPagtitika at pananagutan G D Em7Bahaginan, paghaya’t pagdadamayan CKung saan ang karamihan GAng siyang may kapangyarihang C G Em7/AGampan ang kani-kaniyang kakanyahan

D9 Em7/A..Sambayanan ang maghahatid . . .

Bm F# G D/F#Bayan ng mga Bayan, Lahi ng mga Lahi C Bm Em F#Kami ay patnubayan sa iisang mithi F#m/BIisang mithi

E9 F#m7/B ESambayanan ang magbubuklod sa atin Bm7/E E7sus--E7 A--Sambayanang malaya’t marangalEdim/Bb E9 F#m7/B Panahon nang mailuwal, E9 F#m7/BMaitatag, maitanghal

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E9 C#m7 F#m7 F#m7/B CM7--E9Mabuhay ang Sambayanan, Sambayanang Federal!

Excerpts from “A One-Hour Crash Course on Federalism”

Naimbita ako minsan sa isang pinaghalong klase ng mga college studentsbilang resource person sa talakayan nila ng Federalism. Para mag level-off,pinataas ko ng kamay nang sabay ang ‘agree’ at ‘disagree’ sa federalism.Sa klase ng mga 40, mga 35 ang nagtaas ng kanilang kamay. Tapos tinanong kokung sino sa kanila ang kayang ipaliwanag ng ibig sabihin ng federalism.Dalawa naman ang pakimi na nagtaas ng kamay. Kalahating taas pa yun!

Ito na ang pinakamasakit na katotohanan sa ating demokrasya.Mabilis tayong pumanig o tumutol sa isang isyu kahit hindi naman talaganatin ito naiintindihan nang husto. Too quick to take sides, too lazy to study.Sa klase ng 40, ang pag-asa ng ating bayan ay nandun sa pitong estudyante—

doon sa dalawa na naunawaan ang subject, at doon sa lima na hindi talaganagtaas ng kamay dahil aminado silang di pa nila ito totoong naiintindihan.Ibig kong ialay itong maikling sanaysay dun sa mga matatapang na 33.

Once upon a time in the hopefully near future, Mother Federal monkey and hertwelve daughter State monkeys live in the fabled queendom of Queena Lee.They are a close-knit family and even have an old and well-known familyname, namely Government. The Governments live in a beautiful tangerinetree house that has twelve long beautiful branches which the twelve daughterState monkeys respectively occupy. We say respectively because they respecteach other’s space and keep to their branches most of the time as they goabout their, well, monkey business. Meanwhile, Mrs. Federal Governmentbuilt her twin-hexagonal headquarters around the trunk near the spot wherethe twelve branches intersect.

See-through ants, cross-dressing chameleons, nine-legged spiders,and all kinds of swingers swarm the groovy tree which is quite well-knownfor its great nightlife. They particularly appreciate the cool, free wheeling,and yet secure environment which guarantees their rights to life, liberty,and having a good time. During office hours, speculator snakes and investorvultures hang around the shady tree ever looking for shady deals to exploitand develop the tree’s natural resources, which are mainly flowers, fruits,fresh sprouts, dry leaves, and exotic nooks for picture-taking.

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The tree kinda smells mapanghi, though. By some force of habit,the Governments often piss on their constituents to mark their territory.Thankfully, the practice is being challenged by green peace-loving snobbishintellectual civil society crickets who complain that the offensive odormakes them croak instead of chirp. The lowly frogs feel slighted by thespeciesist remark, but what can they do.

In any case, to make sure things run smoothly, the Governments keepthree lists of assignments and post them all over their tree for everyone to see.The headings are Federal List, State List and Concurrent List. The three listsidentify the areas of responsibilities and the extent of authority assumedby the Governments. The mutually sovereign Federal and State Governmentsmutually mandate, oblige and equip each other for their mutual benefit,hence Mutualism. Kung baga, bahaginan ng toka. Division and sharing of tasks.

Let’s see. Since Mrs. Federal Government is stationed around the trunk,which the mutant monkey-eating chickens sometimes attempt to climb,the Federal List includes National Defense and Immigration.

On the other hand, regulating the arty-farty worms that feed onyummy gummy leaves, is clearly better left to the State monkeys’ domain.Therefore the State List includes Natural Resources Management as well asDevelopment and Licensing of Small and Medium-Scale Enterprises.

The worms are elated because they don’t have to crawl all the wayto the trunk to process permits and pay taxes at the Federal headquartersand then crawl back again to the ends of the branches where they set uptheir stylish vegetarian psychedelicatessen. Mrs. Federal is happy too thatshe doesn’t have to overextend her inept staff to collect taxes nationwide.And the daughter State monkeys are of course happiest since they have asteady source of income so direly needed to fund their pockets, er, projects.

Finally, there’s this annoying matter of notorious termite gangsthat prey on tourist bugs and embarrass the Governments. They strike oncertain branches but their underwood tunnels extend all the way to theroots of the plant. And that’s why, together with Education which requiresboth local content and national standards, the Concurrent List (areas whereFederal and State Governments cooperate and exercise shared authority)also includes Inter-State Criminal Syndicates.

But old habits die hard. So there remained countless conferencesand multilateral and multisectoral caucuses that serve as happy occasionsto rob taxpayers legitimately, in the tradition of the origin of the species.

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Speaking of pinanggalingan, we go back to the monkeys. Outside the circleof tabako-toting kapres that live on ancient avocado trees and love to dangleand kuyakuy their feet during angelus, little did the rest of the inhabitantsknow that Joyce Kilmer happened to be a good friend of Queen Queena Lee!

(The real Queena Lee, yes, the brilliant, inventive and witty Mathteachwhiz and Inquirer columnist, is in fact quite a fine writer in her own right.And not just on mathematics but on a myriad of subjects. My apologies,Queena. The real Joyce Kilmer, on the other hand, was a he hehe.)

One fine day in Baghdad, Joyce decided to surprise her colleaguewith an unannounced visit. But alas! the surprise was on her when she saw thetree house of the Governments. The Enchantment gripped her profoundly.And she couldn’t help but wonder. Is it now time to amend the constitutionof her classic poem? And amend it she did, by adding a postscript andrenamed it ‘The Tree, as Amended’. And we quote,

And so without even meaning to, the environmentalist came upwith a smooth functional description of a smoothly functioning democracy.Indeed, because the agencies of governments are near the karamihangpeople, everybody gets politically excited and involved not just duringelections but even more so in the day-to-day monkey business of socialadministration and, civil society’s irritating mantra, good governance.

The schoolers are particularly participative and annoyingly noisy,frequently marching on the stems to “arouse, mobilize and organize!” andto look for suitable dates. And it actually works! They don’t anymore needto text barrage Mrs. Federal to air their demands for lower tuition fees,higher subsidy, and their all-time favorite, fewer and shorter schooldays.Their sectoral issues are debated on and addressed in record speeds rightthere in their own neighborhood, as government propagandists claim.

The monkeys themselves came up with their own colloquial versionwhich the silkworms silkscreened on the bright silk streamer which hangsupon the tree’s highest bough when it’s not Christmas season. Unfortunately,the font they used is antiquated alibata (okay okay, Baybayin!) which eventhe very serious-looking visual artists from U.P. do not half-understand.

Passersby can clearly seeFrom eighty! ninety! feet awayThat everybody is busy, everyday!In the monkey governments’ Tree. Baw.

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Happily, it is subtitled in various languages for the sake of Frenchnationals who refuse to speak English even though they can, as well as forFilipinos who, for reasons beyond comprehension, prefer to inglis-ingliswith impunity. Hear ye! A DAILY DEMOCRACY KEEPS THE DICTATOR AWAY,it is written. And so far, they lived happily ever after.

Talking about French and Filipino, meanwhile in the Caribbean,Mr. Bob Marley made reggae a global tradition, not by aping the AmericanMichael Jackson, but by being very good at being Bob Marley of Jamaica.We risk losing our identity and self-respect, and be left with nothing tocontribute to the legacy of human culture if we continue to fool ourselvesinto thinking that to look, and sound and move and talk and taste ‘foreign’is being truly ‘worldclass’.

Our own native instincts and reflexes have suffered unspeakablyfrom decades of colonial dry cleaning of our brains and self-inflicted shame.We will do well to redeem the integrity of our rich and diverse cultures byreclaiming and fulfilling our honorable calling as tale bearers and storytellersof our authentic and self-determined histories.

Okay okay, we’re almost there. Just this one more tiny little dangling detail,and we’re done. Speaking of structures, here’s a friendly reminder fromNational Geographic: Even the most detailed trail maps can’t tell you if there’sa ten-foot melonphilic snake hanging right above your melon-looking head.Working your way through the lifesize dangers and complexities in thewoods of the real rugged world is still all up to you. In the same way,social models and political systems, including federalism, defeat their originalpurpose whenever they pack and seal and store and stifle our individual andcollective imagination. And everytime the structure hardens and becomesinflexible and legalistic, we all go back to the dark ages.

Centuries under harsh and corrupt governments have numbed thehearts and dampened the spirits of many of us. No wonder many of usinstinctively resent authority, magnify the pettiest of quarrels, resist eventhe most reasonable of regulations, and are color-blind to traffic lights.That is why we need to re-learn the art of civility, and rework and reinvent oursocial institutions so that they may continually evolve and take our shape.Therefore let us regard the skeleton of this alternative model of democracy notas a rigid and stagnant set of rules but as pointers and markers, bilang patnubay,as we plod on and go about our highly demanding, but immensely rewarding,common project of building together a hopefully far better social order.

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Explain the essential concepts of Federalism in no more than 100 words.

Trace the etymologies of the variants foedus, federation, and federal.

Look into the roots and social history of the principle of subsidiarity.Describe how it works in social engineering and modern governance.

Is it possible to have a presidential system within a federal republic?Identify at least two prominent countries that adopt this combination.Is it possible to maintain a parliament within a federalist structure?Cite examples of nations around the globe that follow this template.Which pattern do you think is more workable for a territory like ours?

Trace the roots and history of the federalist initiative in our country.Identify the more familiar personalities and organizations behind it.What principal arguments do they put forward to justify their cause?On the other hand, what are the main objections to their proposition?

Which side of the fence are you on? Organize a debate on the subject.

Does the term anarchy deserve the negative connotation it carries?

Are hegemony, big brother, and totalitarian state comforting words?

The intriguing Marxist concept of “the withering away of the state,”how is it akin to or different from subsidiarity and free association?

Put up a poster making fest with the theme Solidarity in Subsidiarity.

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STUDY GUIDE IDEAS

The interference of the state power in socialrelations becomes superfluous in one sphereafter another, and then d ies away of itself.The government of persons is replaced by theadministration of things and the direction ofthe processes of production. The state is not“abolished,” it withers away. FRIEDRICH ENGELS

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Lalawigan

C GNarito sa lalawigan F CAng una mong pag-ibig Am Am7Ang iyong mga kaibigan D79/F# GKababata’t kapatid C GSi Juan minsa’y nangarap F D79/F#At kung saan-saan pa nagpunta F CAng asensong hinahanap G C--C7Sa lalawigan lang pala

FDito lang matutupad CAng ating hinahangad G G7Dito lamang uunlad F CAt lalawig ang bukas FDito lang nagmumula CAng yaman ng ating bansa G G7Dito tayo gagawaG G7 C ~A7Sa kinagisnang lalawigan

D AAng damdaming makatao G DDito natin natutunan Bm Bm7Mga ugaling Pilipino E79/G# AGaya ng pagdadamayan D ASa siyudad iba’ng sistema G E79/G#Sa sobrang kasikipan G DPati na sa iyong problema A D--D7Halos walang mahingahan

GDito mo ako mahalin DDito natin didiligin A A7Palagihi’t palaguin G DAng ating sumpaan GDito tayo mamumunga DGigiik at giginhawa A A7Sasaya at sasaganaA A7 D --D7Sa kinagisnang lalawigan

3 2 4

G

1 3 4 2 1 1

F

2 3 1

Amx 1 3 2

D

3 4 2 1

C3 2 1

G7

2 1

Am72 3 4

A

2 3

A7

x 2 1 3

D7

3 2 4 1

C7

1 1 3 4 2 1

Bm

1 1 3 1 2 1

Bm7

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3 1 1 4 2 1

E79/G#

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GDito tayo titiraDSisikhay at sisigla A A7Tatagal at tatandaA A7 G --DSa kinagisnang lalawigan

Quality of Life

Zamboanga del Norte, alongside usual suspects Tawi-tawi, Northern Samar,Sulu, and Masbate, again made it to the list of the country’s poorest provinces.In 2003, it garnered the top honors for highest poverty incidence at 64.6%.Indicators like these follow globally accepted standards of development.The Human Development Index (HDI) is an attempt to quantify the quality oflife of people. You will probably find it hard to believe but it is actually somecube root of the product of indices of life expectancy, income and education.

I lived in Dapitan for two years. It’s a pretty small city in Zanorte.In all the time I was there, I never encountered one beggar. I spend twohours in Quezon City, easily one of the nation’s more prosperous places,and I see people sleeping amongst dogs right outside a prosperous church.

One can therefore understand the objections raised by expertsagainst such ways of rating the kind of life that people have around the globe—

from not taking into account crucial ecological factors, to the HDI beingmore of a gauge of how Scandinavian one’s country is! Come to think of it,how can the geometric mean of a few demographic variables possibly describethe simple joy of watching the sun kiss the ocean? Or the infinite bliss ofhaving a good conversation in bed? Or the exhiliration of a tamang lasing?

It is a good thing that we now hear of places where life is reckonedbefore what they call gross national happiness instead of undifferentiatedproduction totals. From a common person’s lookout, I believe it is infinitelymore instructive if, instead of quantifying quality, we qualify quantity.

There is some truth to the claim that the best things in life are free.And this to my mind is the fundamental flaw of capitalism. For in insistingto monetize everything, it effectively kills the better instincts of humans—compassion, community, contentment, conversation, having fun. Like it says,we end up knowing the price of everything and the value of just about nothing.

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Sketch a general outline of the Philippine map (North on top side).

On your own, without consulting a map, indicate the general locationwhere you think the following provinces are found (p.61 might help):

Palawan Davao Oriental La Union SiquijorCatanduanes Northern Leyte Bohol MasbateAntique Compostela Valley Tawi-tawi MarinduqueRomblon Zamboanga Sibugay Ilo-ilo Pangasinan

Secure a map and compare your answers with their actual locations.

How are new provinces created, and how are their borders determined?What do people living in the same province usually share in common?

What is the organizational structure of a province, and how is it beingrepresented in the national Congress? Why do provincial governorsand congressional representatives govern common geographic areas?

Outside Metro Manila, identify the two provinces that have the highestand the lowest population densities respectively. Compare the figureswith that of the National Capital Region. What do you find remarkable?

The country’s staple food, which is rice, along with other major crops,are grown in the provinces. More and more areas have lately becomevulnerable to erratic weather disturbances due to global scale shiftsin climatic patterns. Where do you put environmental policy in all this?

Migration within the country was said to follow a couple of trends:province-to-city, and region-to-less-dense-region (such as Mindanao).Figure out the social forces at work in both, and their consequences.

With which do people usually associate stressful: city or rural life?

Put together a collection of traditional songs from different regions.What was it like in the countryside when these songs were created?

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STUDY GUIDE IDEAS

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Kasama

Em9 D Siya’y aking kapiling C G sa kabiguan at tagumpayEm9 D Sa kanyang piling C G ako ay nahihimlayAm Em NakakaunawaAm Em sa aking pagkukulangAm Em Nakakahawa F#7 B7 ang kanyang kagandahan

A Am EmNgunit di lang siya kaibiganA Am EmDi lang siya kapatidA Am EmDi lang kasintahan F#7 B7 o kaisang-dibdibA Am EmDi lang siya asawa A Am Em o inang uliranF Em Siya’y aking kasama D CSa mapagpalayang kilusan

Em9 D Pinakaiibig, C G pinakamamahalEm9 D Sa aming pag-ibig C G ang lahat isusugalAm Em Ang aming pangakoAm Em hanggang kamatayanAm Em Saan man dumako F#7 B7 ang kasaysayan

A Am EmDahil di lang siya kaibiganA Am EmDi lang siya kapatidA Am EmDi lang kasintahan F#7 B7 o kaisang-dibdibA Am EmDi lang siya asawa A Am Em o inang uliranF Em Siya’y aking kasama D CSa mapagpalayang kilusan

Am Em D C --Em9 Siya’y aking kasama sa pagpapalaya ng bayan

2 3

Em

1 4

Em9

2 3 1

Am

3 2 4

G

3 4 2 1

C

x 1 3 2

D

1 3 4 2 1 1

F

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F#7

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B7

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A

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Balik-aralan ang kwento ng mag-asawang Gabriela Cariño at DiegoSilang. Ihambing sa mga karaniwang nababalitang celebrity couples.

Ang katangian ng pagkaakit ng dalawang tao sa isa’t isa ba’y nagkakaibadepende sa kanilang kamulatan, o pareho lang? Ipaliwanag ang sagot.

Balik-aralan ang kwento nina Andres Bonifacio at Gregoria de Jesus.Ihambing sa mga kwento ng iyong mga magulang, tiyahin at tiyuhin,at mga magkasintahan o mag-asawang kamag-anak mo at kaibigan.May pagkakaiba ba ang pag-ibig sa isang tao, sa pag-ibig sa bayan?

Ano linya bang “sa bahay man sila’y mahuhusay” sa awiting Pinayay nakaka-flatter, o nakakapababa ng tingin? Ipaliwanag ang sagot.

Tunghayan ang kwento ng pagiging matalik na kaibigan nina Jean-PaulSartre at Simone de Beauvoir. To what extent are our emotional reflexesshaped by our ideological instincts and historical entanglements?

Examine the meanings of the terms substructure and superstructure.What do you think of the proposition that cultural conventions aremere extensions of fundamental economic arrangements and interests?

What is the significance of the marriage of Queen Isabella of Castileand King Ferdinand II of Aragon to the colonial history of our country?What is the role of the Church in this union? What was in it for them?

Ferdinand Marcos and Imelda Romualdez were a notorious couple inPhilippine history, prompting an insider to expose the inner workingsof what he dubbed as a Conjugal Dictatorship in a book of the same title.How do you reconcile the terms “family values” with “first family?”

Construct your own catalog of prominent couples throughout history.Figure out how these partnerships intertwine with history’s course.

Ikaw kunwari ay kasapi sa lihim na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayanglumalaban sa imperyalista. Sumulat ng “love letter” sa iyong sinisinta.

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You’re not going to tell me that this song is somebody else’s story, are you?

Haha, here we go again. No, Kasama is not a tale of two people I know.Naalala ko tuloy minsan nakasama ako sa isang concert sa La Salle.Nung ako na ang kakanta, sabi nung nag-introduce sa akin na kolehiyala,“Ang sumulat po ng Kasama, isang awit ng pag-ibig ng dalawang NPA.”

Hahahaha, mga kolehiyala talaga. Can I be candid with you, I feel a littleuncomfortable with the construction “di lang siya asawa o inang uliran.”Kasi po, on one hand, yung kanta gustong makawala sa conventional otradisyunal na papel ng babae sa loob ng isang patriarchal na lipunan.Pero nananatili pa rin siyang “asawa at inang uliran.” Kaya ang datingsa akin ay, on top of pagiging wife and mother, comrade-in-arms pa.So instead of offering a liberating alternative, nagiging added burdenpa pala sa babae yung pagiging kasama sa mapagpalayang kilusan.

Very good point. Natanong na nga rin ako kung bakit pa raw kailanganyung mga trite na expressions na “nakakaunawa sa aking pagkukulang,”o “kaisang-dibdib,” na kadalasang ginagamit sa mga popular na kanta.

And?

It’s not a perfect world. Sabi nga raw, those are the balancing acts thatyou do as you navigate your way between the now and the not yet.Casual usage affords an author a secure grip on conventional wisdom,which is ironically the very same stuff you are supposed to replace.So you calculate. In this particular song, you are trying to describehow “romantic love” operates in the context of a historical project.And you figure the words kasama and kasaysayan might do the job.But you need a handle that your audience can instinctively grab onto,‘ika nga, para maka-relate kayo pareho. Which is current vocabulary.

And this deliberate decision making method that you just described,are you conscious of it all the time as you work on your composition?

Of course not, hehe. Seryoso ka naman masyado, inom muna kaya tayo.

EC

GG

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HUNTAHAN

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Balon

Dm A7susMalimit mong tinatanong sa akin A7 DmAng tunay na sanhi at solusyon F CNg buhay na pinahihirap natin A7 Dm BbM7 A7susBakit nagkaganito, bakit nagkakaganunA7 Dm F E7#9 Ulit lang ng ulit lang ng ulitA7 Dm--BbM7--A7sus--A7habangpanahon

Dm A7susHuwag kang tumingala sa alapaap A7 DmAng ulap ay hindi panginoon F CHuwag mong sisirin ang lalim ng dagat A7 Dm BbM7 A7susAng tubig na maalat ay di tagaroonA7 Dm F E7#9 Daluy lang ng daluy lang ng daloy A7 Dm habangpanahon

BbM7 DmSa balon, sa balon, sa balon ay naroon BbM7 DmNaroon, naroon, naroon lang ang tugon Gm7 C79Ang tugon, ang tugon, FM7 BbM7 ang tugon sa iyong tanong E7#9--A7sus DmAy naroon, naroon sa balon--BbM7--A7sus--A7

Dm A7susMay bago nga ba sa mundong ibabaw A7 DmKung ang nandun ay dati nang nandoon F CSisikat din at lulubog ang araw A7 Dm BbM7 A7susAt di mo maipangaw ang duyan ng taonA7 Dm F E7#9 Inog lang ng inog lang ng inog A7 Dm-BbM7-A7sus-A7 habangpanahon

Dm A7susAng ating karununga'y nakatali A7 DmSa hangin at buhanging ilusyon F CAt ang dinami-daming mga lahi A7 Dm BbM7 A7susSistema at ugali, kultura't tradisyonA7 Dm F E7#9 Salin lang ng salin lang ng salin A7 Dm habangpanahon

BbM7 DmSa balon, sa balon, sa balon ay naroon BbM7 DmNaroon, naroon, naroon lang ang tugon Gm7 C79Ang tugon, ang tugon, FM7 BbM7 ang tugon sa iyong tanong E7#9--A7sus DmAy naroon, naroon sa balon--BbM7--A7sus--A7

x 2 3 1

Dm

1 2 4

A7

1 3 4 2 1 1

F

3 4 2 1

C

1 1 3 2 4 1

BbM7

1 3 2

FM7

1 3 1 1 1 1

Gm7

IIIx 1 3 4

A7sus

2 1 3 4

E7#9

x 2 1 3 4

C79

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Dm A7susMalimit mong tinatanong sa akin A7 DmAng tunay na sanhi at solusyon F CAng tao ay mahirap unawain A7 DmSinasagot nila BbM7 A7sus--A7 ang di mo tinatanongDm F E7#9Ikut lang ng ikut lang ng ikot A7 Dm--BbM7--A7sus--A7 habangpanahon

Dm A7susSino ba ang dapat na sisihinA7 DmSino ba ang nasa posisyon F CPatulan mo ang ibig kong sabihin A7 DmKung may ibig sabihin, BbM7 A7sus--A7 ito'y isang pasyonDm F E7#9Ulit lang ng ulit lang ng ulit A7 BbM7--A7sus--Dm habangpanahon

“Meaningless! Meaningless!” says the Teacher.“Utterly meaningless! Everything is meaningless.”

Generations come and generations go, but the earth remains forever.The sun rises and the sun sets, and hurries back to where it rises.The wind blows to the south and turns to the north;

round and round it goes, ever returning on its course.All streams flow into the sea, yet the sea is never full.To the place the streams come from, there they return again.The eye never has enough of seeing, nor the ear its fill of hearing.What has been will be again, what has been done will be done again;

there is nothing new under the sun.Is there anything of which one can say, “Look! This is something new”?It was here already, long ago; it was here before our time.No one remembers the former generations, and even those yet to come

will not be remembered by those who follow them.

Remember him—before the silver cord is severed,and the golden bowl is broken;

before the pitcher is shattered at the spring,and the wheel broken at the well,

Ecclesiastes

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How would you define Philosophy? What purpose does it serve if any?

Trace the social development of religion and philosophy in history.

How do belief systems figure in the progression of human societies?

Name ten of the world’s more popular and influential philosophers.

What are the main themes and problems that they each grappled with?

Which and whose views are closest to or farthest from yours? Elaborate.

How do you understand each of the following oft-quoted one-liners?Choose one, decide if you agree with it or not, and argue your stand.

What is the relevance of religion or philosophy in your personal life?

What is the relevance of your beliefs in matters like poverty and hunger?

Write an interpretative and critical song analysis of the piece Balon.

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To be, or not to be: that is the question. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE

To be is to be perceived. GEORGE BERKELEY

I think, therefore I am. RENE DESCARTES

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. ARISTOTLE

We live in the best of all possible worlds. GOTTFRIED LEIBNIZ

There is but one truly serious philosophical problem,and that is suicide. ALBERT CAMUS

Hitherto, philosophers have sought to understand the world;the point, however, is to change it. KARL MARX

STUDY GUIDE IDEAS

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It’s my personal favorite, at di ko makalimutan kung paano ito nasulat.Nandoon ako sa may Monumento, diyan sa Caloocan, pababa ng bus.Bigla na lang may mamang nahulog sa manhole, ang gwapo pa man din.Syempre tawanan. Ako lang ang hindi tumawa. Ako kasi yung nahulog.

Haha, narinig ko na po yang joke na yan sa isang concert n’yo e, hehe.

Totoong true story talaga yan, pwera biro, maubos man ang buhok ko.But the idea of the song itself is not at all original. I was going throughthe first chapter of one of my favorite books in the Bible, Ecclesiastes.

Do you always do that? I mean, mimic somebody else’s work and ideas?

Yes. Yung ideas naman kasi kadalasan ay magkakahawig, at more or lessay may general drift. Sabi nga ni Megamind, it’s all in the presentation.Kaya nga ang unsolicited advice ko doon sa mga nagsisimula pa langmag-attempt na mag-compose, wag kayo mangimi na mangopya, hehe.We need to build on each other’s efforts and acknowledge the valuable,or invaluable if you want, contributions of others in the work that we do.

I think most of us plain folks will agree with you there, as I do absolutely.

Just like they say, if I have a peso and you have a peso and we tradedpesos, we’d still each have one peso; but if I have an idea and you havean idea and we shared ideas, then both of us will end up with two ideas.

Is that the reason why you allow your songs to be downloaded freely?

Yun na nga ang masakit. Pinapa-download mo na ng libre, wala namangnagda-download. Pinapa-pirate mo na, wala namang nagpa-pirate, hehe.But seriously, that is the reason why I try to persevere and work hard.Araw-araw tayong pinakakain ng mga magsasaka at mga mangingisda,dinadamitan ng mga mananahi, ginagawan ng masisilungan atmahihigan ng mga karpintero, at higit sa lahat, nilalasing ng mga tubero—yun yung mga gumagawa ng tuba, hehe. The least I can do is do my job,and do it as well as I possibly can. Fair is fair. What do you think?

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HUNTAHAN

Balangkas

Ano nga ba ang solusyon sa mga problema ng mundo?May isang ilog daw na kung saan maraming mga batang sanggol

ang nalulunod. Kaya ang mga tagaroon ay nagpulong-pulong para masagipang mga batang basta na lang nalulunod sa ilog. Relyibo lang ang solusyon!Kaya araw-gabi may mga nagmamanmang tanod na mahusay lumangoy,nag-aabang at nakahandang iligtas ang mga batang nalulunod. Problem solved.

Kaya lang, habang tumatagal, parami nang parami ang mga batangnalulunod. Kinakapos sila ng mga magigiting na bayaning sumasagupa sanagraragasang agos ng tubig habang sumasaklolo sa mga batang nalulunod.Pagsasanay ang solusyon! Kaya gumawa sila ng mga training, trainors’training, at trainors of trainors’ training seminars kasama ang ilang mgaNGOs sa baryong iyon. Problem solved.

Kaya lang, habang tumatagal, pati sa kabilang ilog may mga bata na ringnalulunod at halos sabay-sabay pa. Ang solusyon: paramihin ang mga NGOs!Kaya gumawa sila ng isang project proposal, at pina-xerox nila, at, you know.Pero ayaw na pondohan ng mga funding agencies kasi ang katuwiran nila,nauubos lang naman daw ang kanilang mga pondo down the drain.

So, ano ang solusyon sa napakaraming mga problema ng mundo?Hindi natin ito masasagot kung hindi natin muna siyasatin kung saan ngaba nanggagaling ang mga problema ng mundo. Ang sabi sa kwento, hindialam ng mga tao na dun sa ibabaw ng ilog, mayron palang higanteng kaprena siyang nagtatapon ng mga sanggol na bata! Walanghiyang kapreng yun a.

So, saan pala talaga nanggagaling ang mga problema sa ating mundo?Para masagot naman natin yan nang mas masinop, dapat muna siguro natingusisahin kung saan nga naman ba nanggagaling ang mundo in the first place!Galing sa mga elemento na galing sa kalawakan na galing sa mga energies atmasses na galing sa Higgs boson, sabi ika ng mga physicists na di hamak namas kapani-paniwala naman kaysa sa mga pari at pastor na tamad mag-aral.Ilan sa mga sikat na elementong ito ay ang carbon, hydrogen, at oxygen.

Dito naman sa ating munting solar system, sa tuwing naco-convertng haring araw ang hydrogen sa helium sa pamamagitan ng nuclear fusion,bumubuga ito ng mga photons na nagiging epoxy ng C, H, at O sa prosesongphotosynthesis, at ang mga ito ay nagkukumpul-kumpol at nagiging sugar,halimbawa C6-H12-O6, na siya namang ikinabubuhay ng mga bagay namay buhay, tulad ng nagbabasa nito. Sa madali’t sabi, kung nagkataongwalang buhay, wala sanang problema sa mundo. Wala nga lang kabuhay-buhay.

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Ang buhay naman ay synonym ng diversity. At ang diversity angfundamental paradox ng problema ng mundo. Ang ugat ng lahat ng tunggalianay ang hindi natin pagkaka-parepareho. On the other hand, totoo rin namanghindi masayang mabuhay kung pare-pareho lang ang nakikita o naririnig.

Sa paanong paraan at dahilan na ang mga buhay natin ay hindinagkakahawig? Sa apat. Una, hindi lahat nag-evolve at naging tao. Yung ibaay naging halaman, uod, elephant, danggit, o kabayo. Minsan mukhang ganunlang yung ibang tao pero hindi naman talaga. Nagkataong naging dominantspecies ang tao kaya ayun madalas kinakawawa ng tao yung mga hindi tao.

Kung tutuusin, self-defeating ito kasi yung mga gubat o ilog halimbawa,na hindi nga rin naman tao, ay malimit nilalapastangan ng mga tao to theirown disadvantage! Pero bakit ginagawa? Dahil na rin sa mga sumusunodna tatlo pang maiigting na paligsahan—ng mga tao laban sa kapwa tao.

Ikalawa, hindi ipinanganak ang mga tao sa pare-parehong kalagayan.Iba-iba tayo ng sari (sex), lahi (race), edad (age), anyo (physicalities),katangian o tangi (competencies), at nais (preferences). Kaya naman maysexual, racial, age, physical, professional, and preference discriminations.

Ikatlo, bunga ng pagsulong ng agham sa sibilisasyon, umusad angkabuhayan ng tao mula sa subsistence patungo sa surplus economics. At dinaman lingid sa lahat na ang yaman ng daigdig ay hindi natatamasa ng lahat.Naglipana ang nagdarahop habang may iilang nagmamay-ari ng mga ari-arian.

At ikaapat, sa kapapangarap ng buhay na walang hanggan, kasabwatang mithiing makabuluhang buhay, nabuo ang iba’t ibang mga paniniwala.Kani-kaniyang relihiyon, kani-kaniyang idolohiya, kani-kaniyang pamantayanng maganda at masagwa, at kung ano ang mabuti at ano ang masama.

Saan tayo pupwesto sa gitna ng mga maiigting na tunggaliang ito?Mag-umpisa tayo sa ika-apat. Panghawakan natin ang payak na prinsipyongEquity in Diversity. Yes Luzviminda, hindi simpleng ‘unity in diversity’dahil hindi maaring i-unite natin halimbawa ang oppressor at ang oppressedwhile purportedly appreciating and respecting their ‘diversity’. Ano kayo!

May mga katiwaliang kailangang iwasto sa lipunan, mula sa mgasambahayan at kapitbahayan hanggang sa bansa at sa buong sandaigdigan.At ito ay ang mga institutionalized social hierarchies na siyang ginagawangconvenient excuses ng mga apologists na beneficiaries ng sistema ng hindipatas na pagtatamasa ng biyaya ng buhay. Magkaiba man tayo ng propesyono kasarian o pananampalataya halimbawa, maari pa ring lahat ay malusog,nakapag-aaral, may marangal na trabaho, at may kalayaang magpahiwatigng kani-kaniyang mga hinagpis at panganorin sa buhay ng mga may buhay.

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1.2013.2.4000PHILIPPINE COPYRIGHT

GARYGRANADA MUSICWORKSUnit 104 C.C.Castro International Bldg.

Timog Avenue, Brgy. Laging Handa, Quezon CityEmail [email protected], [email protected]

MAPA 1 by Gary Granada

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Transcript of MAPA 1 by Gary Granada