Managing Derelict Fishing Gear in Marine Aquaculture in...

15
1 Managing Derelict Fishing Gear in Marine Aquaculture in Taiwan: A Case of Oyster Farming DFG in Tainan City, Taiwan Po‐Hsiu Kuo Institute of Ocean Technology and Marine Affairs National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan [email protected]

Transcript of Managing Derelict Fishing Gear in Marine Aquaculture in...

Page 1: Managing Derelict Fishing Gear in Marine Aquaculture in Taiwaninternationalmarinedebrisconference.org/wp-content/... · Every year: •≈50,000~60,000 waste EPS floats are discarded

1

Managing Derelict Fishing Gear in Marine Aquaculture in Taiwan:

A Case of Oyster Farming DFG in Tainan City, Taiwan

Po‐Hsiu Kuo

Institute of Ocean Technology and Marine AffairsNational Cheng Kung University, Taiwan

[email protected]

Page 2: Managing Derelict Fishing Gear in Marine Aquaculture in Taiwaninternationalmarinedebrisconference.org/wp-content/... · Every year: •≈50,000~60,000 waste EPS floats are discarded

2

EPS float debris pollution

Page 3: Managing Derelict Fishing Gear in Marine Aquaculture in Taiwaninternationalmarinedebrisconference.org/wp-content/... · Every year: •≈50,000~60,000 waste EPS floats are discarded

Every year:• ≈ 50,000~60,000 waste EPS floats

are discarded at sea.

• 10,000 tons of bamboo sticks were retrieved and disposed.

3

• > 440,000 USD for management

Too much management cost Social equity

Photo: Jui‐Kuang ChaoLost gears ?

Page 4: Managing Derelict Fishing Gear in Marine Aquaculture in Taiwaninternationalmarinedebrisconference.org/wp-content/... · Every year: •≈50,000~60,000 waste EPS floats are discarded

Causes of EPS float DFG• Bad weather

• Gear conflict

• Intentional discard

• Illegal farming

4

Photo: MLPS, Penghu

Trapping https://tinyurl.com/y8zqe5hv

Page 5: Managing Derelict Fishing Gear in Marine Aquaculture in Taiwaninternationalmarinedebrisconference.org/wp-content/... · Every year: •≈50,000~60,000 waste EPS floats are discarded

Policy1. Source management (license & TAC)2. Obligatory retrieving gears3. Alternative floats or new gears4. Effective implementation

DFG management: A Decade’s Fighting

5

Page 6: Managing Derelict Fishing Gear in Marine Aquaculture in Taiwaninternationalmarinedebrisconference.org/wp-content/... · Every year: •≈50,000~60,000 waste EPS floats are discarded

Management structure

Implementation

Guidance

Tainan City Government

Fishermen’s Association 

13 Production & Marketing Groups(200 fishermen)

Self‐organization

6

Subnational Governance System

Page 7: Managing Derelict Fishing Gear in Marine Aquaculture in Taiwaninternationalmarinedebrisconference.org/wp-content/... · Every year: •≈50,000~60,000 waste EPS floats are discarded

Punishment• No license• No gear marking on rafts• Fail to retrieve bamboo rafts• Farming outside the legal zone • Farming during illegal time (Typhoon season)

Legal regulation

7

1. The Ordinance for Shallow Water Oyster Farming of Tainan City (2004~)2. Raft Oyster Farming Regulations of Tainan City (2014~)

labels for gear marking

Name

legal zone

1.5 nm

Page 8: Managing Derelict Fishing Gear in Marine Aquaculture in Taiwaninternationalmarinedebrisconference.org/wp-content/... · Every year: •≈50,000~60,000 waste EPS floats are discarded

8

The efficiency of the regulation :• License system• Gear marking on rafts• Punishment

no punishment on non‐retrieved waste EPS floats. 

effective

Retrieval rate of bamboo rafts

2012      2013       2014      2015       2016

97%

Extremely bad weather

Graph: Tainan City Government

Page 9: Managing Derelict Fishing Gear in Marine Aquaculture in Taiwaninternationalmarinedebrisconference.org/wp-content/... · Every year: •≈50,000~60,000 waste EPS floats are discarded

Fishermen’s purchase of:

1. Alternative floats (2015~)

2. Black nets to cover the EPS floats (2016~)

Financial subsidies

9

Photo: Tainan City Government

Page 10: Managing Derelict Fishing Gear in Marine Aquaculture in Taiwaninternationalmarinedebrisconference.org/wp-content/... · Every year: •≈50,000~60,000 waste EPS floats are discarded

1. self‐organizing fishermen groups to improve their: 

‐ gear retrieval rate‐ voluntary beach cleanup…

2. retrieving waste EPS floats

Rewards

• The retrieval rate is < 25% in 2016 & 2017

10

The top 5 groups can get financial rewards.

Photo: Tainan City Government

Page 11: Managing Derelict Fishing Gear in Marine Aquaculture in Taiwaninternationalmarinedebrisconference.org/wp-content/... · Every year: •≈50,000~60,000 waste EPS floats are discarded

12

Result of the questionnaire & interview88% of the fishermen approved of the subsidy for alternative floats, but did not apply them widely: 

1. high price

2. low performance

3. risk of losing the “more expensive floats”

Photo:Yin‐Yu Chen

Page 12: Managing Derelict Fishing Gear in Marine Aquaculture in Taiwaninternationalmarinedebrisconference.org/wp-content/... · Every year: •≈50,000~60,000 waste EPS floats are discarded

13

• 94% of the fishermen approved of cash incentive for retrieving waste EPS floats.

• retrieval rate is  < 25%

1. Time & energy consuming

2. Lack of huge space & disposal capacity. 

Lack of technology & incentives to run a circular economic system on EPS float debris

http://www.elcom‐jp.com

A recycling system succeeded in Japan

Page 13: Managing Derelict Fishing Gear in Marine Aquaculture in Taiwaninternationalmarinedebrisconference.org/wp-content/... · Every year: •≈50,000~60,000 waste EPS floats are discarded

14

• 73 % of the fishermen will approve of ban on the EPS floats.

• 81 % of the fishermen will approve of Eco seafood certification

• To certificate these oyster farmed with  environmental‐friendly floats.

“Assuming some companies have developed acceptable alternative floats”:

Green Conservation Label certificated by Council of Agriculture of Taiwan

Page 14: Managing Derelict Fishing Gear in Marine Aquaculture in Taiwaninternationalmarinedebrisconference.org/wp-content/... · Every year: •≈50,000~60,000 waste EPS floats are discarded

Highlights of the management strategies

15

Market-based approaches

Integrated management

system at the national

level

Self-management at the local

scale

Page 15: Managing Derelict Fishing Gear in Marine Aquaculture in Taiwaninternationalmarinedebrisconference.org/wp-content/... · Every year: •≈50,000~60,000 waste EPS floats are discarded

16

• Environmental‐friendly floats & durable gears

• Strengthening recycling capacity

• Monitoring• Spatial zoning

Circular economic system on EPS floats debrisFishers: retrieve EPS floats & use the alternativesIndustries : subsidy for inventing alternative floats & recycling floats

• Education of producers’ responsibility

• Eco Seafood certification• Regular beach cleanup

• Punishment on non‐retrieved EPS floats

• Ban the EPS floats• Gear marking on the 

alternative floats• Ban the uncovered 

EPS floats

Policy & legislation

Social support from 

fishers &  consumers

Economic incentiveTechnology

Integrated management