Discarded Rubber Tire

7/30/2019 Discarded Rubber Tire

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Concrete has been of great use worldwide. Alongwith other materials, it is used in constructing houses,buildings, bridges, and other infrastructures. It ismade mainly of proportions of cement, aggregates(gravel & sand), and water.


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Rubber tires are made both of natural and

synthetic rubber; chemicals such as carbon black, oils,and waves; which are added to strengthen the rubberand fabric which maybe nylon, polyester, or steelfabric.


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Using rubber instead of the conventional coarseaggregate (gravel) has been conceptualized inproducing eco friendly innovations. This innovatedconcrete can be introduced to the people and themarket at a lesser cost.


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Can discarded rubber tire be a

substitute for aggregates in making

concrete slabs?

How efficient will this alternative

be in terms of strength, durabilityand eco - friendliness?

Is it safe to use discarded rubber

tires as a constituent in making

concrete slabs?

How much will this alternative cost?

Will it be cheaper than the

conventional aggregate used?


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A. Researchers

This study will serve as a preparatory stepfor future research studies. This will also bebeneficial through acquisition of knowledge tostudents who specialize in Civil Engineering.

B. People and Community

Assuming that this study will be a success, itmay change peoples minds of making concrete slabsmade up of discarded rubber tires instead of theconventional aggregate used. It is cheaper and eco friendly.

C. Construction Companies

If this study will be accepted by the peoplein the community, this can be a source of businessopportunities.

D. Environment

This study will be most beneficial to theenvironment through the recycling of thediscarded/damaged rubber tires and the innovation

of a useful product.


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This study will center on the discardedrubber tires that can be a substitute foraggregates in making concrete slabs. Theinterior part of the discarded rubber tirewill be used. Specifically, this studywill be conducted to determine theefficiency in terms of strength,durability and eco-friendliness of thesaid substitute aggregate. The researcherswill conduct experimentation, observation

and testing of the said substituteaggregate. This study will also determinethe safety and cost of the said substituteaggregate than the conventional aggregateused.


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(National Building Code of the Philippines)

Section 1.01.09. Alternate or new Design, Material,Method of Construction, or Workmanship; Tests:

a. Any design, material, method of construction, orworkmanship not specifically included in this Codemay be used: Provided, That such alternate or newdesign, material, method of construction, orworkmanship is at least the equivalent of thoseprescribed in this Code in effectiveness.


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b. Tests for design, materials, method ofconstruction, or workmanship shall be prescribed bythe Secretary of Public Works and Communication inappropriate rules and regulations therefore.


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The scarcity and availability at reasonable rates of

sand and aggregate are now giving anxiety to theconstruction industry. Over years, deforestation andextraction of natural aggregates from river beds, lakes andother water bodies have resulted in huge environmental

problems. Erosion of existing topography usually results inflooding and landslides. Moreover, the filtration of rainwater achieved by deposits of natural sand is being lost,thereby causing contamination of water reserves used forhuman consumption.


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Hence, to prevent pollution authorities are imposingmore and more stringent restrictions on theextraction of natural aggregates and its crushing.

The best way to overcome this problem is to findalternate aggregates for construction in place ofconventional natural aggregates.(www.engineeringcivil.com/concrete-aggregates-

from-discarded-tyre-rubber.html#more-3868)


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A research study conducted by a group of CivilEngineering Students of Northwest Samar StateUniversity in the School year 20092010 was abouthollow blocks using waste paper. In this study,researchers have focused the investigation on theviability of using paper in hollow blocks makingintended for non load bearing.


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The investigation covers the following criteria; designmix of hollow blocks in terms of percentage of wastepapers and sand that produces the highest strength incompression, the physical requirements of the

manufactured hollow blocks samples and itsadvantage in terms of cost and quality.


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A research study conducted by a group of CivilEngineering students also by NwSSU, former TiburcioTancinco Memorial Institute of Science andTechnology school year 2006-2007 was about the use

of soft adobe clay, pea size gravel and cement asbinder in hollow blocks making replacement for sandthat is intended for non load bearing CHB. The aimof the study was to minimize the increase of quarrying

of sand that causes the imbalance of our naturalresources.


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The study utilized the experimental

method of research in manufacturingconcrete slabs using discarded rubbertires instead of the conventionalaggregates (gravel) used. The experimentalmethod of research is the best method fit

for the study since its primary aim is tosatisfy the statement of the problemthrough the investigation of relevantvariables. To be able to satisfy theobjectives, our innovated concrete slabsusing rubber aggregates and a mix

proportion of the conventional concreteslabs using gravel as coarse aggregateswere subjected to testing to obtain andcompare their respective strengths as wellas the cost of each concrete slab.


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A. Test Procedure

Use a container with its known volume to measure eachconstituent of the concrete mix.

To reach maximum compressive strength, use Class AA

proportion.

Prepare two molders for the concrete mix with gravel

and the other for the rubber aggregates. Make sure tomeasure the dimensions of the molders.

Mix the constituents according to the design

proportion, then pour it into the molder.

Leave it to dry.


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B. Data Analysis

Test and record the compressive

strength of two concrete slabs using

a Universal Testing Machine (UTM).Whichever slab remains to be intact

or has exceeded the compressive

strength of the other is a better

choice on which aggregate isguaranteed hard and safe.


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This research study used cuts ofdiscarded rubber tires as an

alternative material instead of gravel

in fabricating concrete slabs. The

researchers visited some of thevulcanizing shops in Calbayog City and

asked for the damaged rubber tires

(interior part). These rubber tires

were cut into approximately 0.5 in x0.5 in squares.


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The 1:3/2:3 mix proportion or theClass AA proportion was used. Mixing of

the constituents of the mixture was

measured by a 1.98 X can. Two design

mix proportions were manufactured, onewith gravel as coarse aggregate and the

other with the rubber aggregates. The

products were subjected to comparison

through machine testing.


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http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/ConcreteSlabVIdeo.wmvhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/ConcreteSlabVIdeo.wmv


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DESIGN

MIX

RATIONo. of

Concrete

Slab

ProducedCEMENT

(kg)SAND

(cu.m)RUBBER

(cu.m)GRAVEL

(cu.m)WATER

(cu.m)

A 3.75 0.00594 0.01188 - 0.002498 1

B 3.75 0.00594 - 0.01188 0.002498 1


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DESIGN

MIX

RATIONo. of

ConcreteSlab

ProducedCEMENT

(kg)SAND

(cu.m)RUBBER

(cu.m)GRAVEL

(cu.m)WATER

(cu.m)

A 1.875 0.00297 0.00594 - 0.001287 1

B 1.875 0.00297 - 0.00594 0.001287 1


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COMPONENTSPERCENTAGE

MIX A MIX BWater 10.29% 10.29%Cement 16.31% 16.31%

Sand 24.47% 24.47%Rubber 48.93% -Gravel - 48.93%


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DESIGN

MIXINDICATED

LOAD (kN) ACTUALLOAD (kN)FLEXURAL STRENGTH

MPa PSIA 21 11.8 7.23 1,048.84

B 54 41.8 14.4 2,087.68


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DESIGN

MIXCOMPONENTS QUANTITY UNIT COST

(Php)SIZE

NO. OF

CONCRETE SLAB

PRODUCED PER

BAG OF CEMENT

A

Cement 40 kg 220 11.5 x

23 x 3 10 pcs.

Sand

0.25

cu.m 150 5.75 x

11.5 x 3 21 pcs.

Rubber

0.25

cu.m

B

Cement 40 kg 220 11.5 x

23 x 3 10 pcs.

Sand

0.25

cu.m 150 5.75 x

11.5 x 3 21 pcs.

Gravel

0.25

cu.m 175


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A. Using Rubber Aggregates

The minimum cost acquired for the mix

with rubber as aggregates is Php 370.00

The minimum compressive strength is1,048.84 PSI.

B. Using Gravel

The minimum cost acquired for the mix

with gravel as aggregates is Php 540.00 The minimum compressive strength is

2,087.68 PSI.


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Concrete slabs with discarded rubber tires as

aggregates have lesser compressive strengthcompared to that of the concrete slabs withthe conventional aggregates used, in terms ofthe average compressive strength obtained.

In terms of cost, design mix A is cheaper than

design mix B. Using rubber aggregates through the processused in the research study is not reliablesince the rubber is less bonded to the cementthan gravel is and is still not feasible foruse in big constructions.

Using discarded rubber tires as substitute forgravel (coarse aggregates) in making concreteslabs is beneficial for the environment sincethe rubber can be used for better purposesinstead of it giving harm to the environment.


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Conduct further study for different mixtures to come up

with a better binder suited for the rubber aggregates.

Conduct further study in the processing of thediscarded rubber tires in turning it into thin / small

pieces.

This research study can be a good for further

researches related to the innovation of eco-friendly

materials used in the field of buildinginfrastructures.

Discarded Rubber Tire

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