Macro-Strategies for Intergenerational Communities

Presented by Zachary Benedict, AIA, LEED AP BD+C

Morrison Kattman Menze, Inc. University of Indianapolis, Center for Aging & Community “Inside, Outside, All Around the Town” Workshop Tuesday, April 17, 2012, Indianapolis, IN

Macro-Strategies for Intergenerational Communities Exploring how Communities will React to an Aging Population

©2012 Morrison Kattman Menze, Inc.

MACRO STRATEGIES FOR INTERGENERATIONAL COMMUNITIES Inside, Outside, All Around the Town | April 17, 2012

2 ©2012 Morrison Kattman Menze, Inc.

01 02 03

SHIFTING PRIORITIES: Discuss how evolving community

development priorities have created DEVIANTS, encouraged isolation, and sparked socioeconomic migration.

CREATIVE DESTRUCTION: Explain how BRUCE WILLIS is a

wonderful example of how Boomers envision aging and the growing importance of “engagement.”

NETWORK STRUCTURES: Illustrate how SESAME STREET is a

perfect model for establishing an economic development strategy aimed at fostering an intergenerational community.

MACRO TOPICS



PART ONE SHIFTING PRIORITIES

normal

criminals

poor

sick

old

rich

educated

loud

creatives



PRIORITIES

18%

71%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Percentage of Children who Currently Walk or Bicycle to School

Percentage of Adults who Walked or Bicycled to School

WALKING TO SCHOOL

Source: Barbara McCann and Reid Ewing, Measuring the

Health Effects of Sprawl: A National Analysis of Physical

Activity, Obesity, and Chronic Disease, Smart Growth

America – Surface Transportation Policy Report, (2003), p7.



Indiana Population Growth from 2005 to 2040:

PRIORITIES

15%

for 65+ POPULATION

90%



PRIORITIES

2010: 39.6 million people were 65+ 13% of US population

<3% in CCRC

2030: 72.1 million people will be 65+ 19% of US population

How will cities and towns react to the rapidly aging population?

How will cities and towns rebound from the census retraction?

1.

2.



PRIORITIES

Photo by Alex MacLean

“Incrementalism is the death of innovation.” Nicholas Negroponte

MIT Media Labs



Source: IEA (2000), World Energy Outlook 2000, p. 43

Average Lifetimes for Physical Capital

PRIORITIES



PRIORITIES 31 TARGET CITIES

PO

PU

LATI

ON

= 1

0-2

5,0

00

PEO

PLE

100%

89%

99%

80%

124%

75%

85%

55%

% With Age 65+ Mean Commute Time Median Household Income

% w/Bachelor Deg. or Higher

U.S. Average Indiana Average Target City Average

EVALUATING SMALL TOWN INDIANA



PRIORITIES

PERFECT STORM

BRAIN DRAIN

1

2 3



“Only by understanding the rise of this [creative] class and its values can we begin to understand the sweeping and seemingly disjointed changes in our society and begin to shape our future more intelligently.”

Richard Florida

The Rise of the Creative Class, p. xxvii

© 2008 Richard Florida

1. CREATIVES



2. BRAIN DRAIN “Maybe it’s the Indiana attitude. I’ve never

been anywhere that is so risk-adverse. A lot of parents just don’t value education, and they’ve passed that on to their kids. There's a lack of leadership. Indiana people seem to be content to be mediocre people living in mediocre cities.”

-Richard Longworth

Caught in the Middle, p48

$6,700 $7,200 $8,490

$12,700

$15,000

$17,470

$0

$5,000

$10,000

$15,000

$20,000

Indiana US Average Average of Top 10 States

Additional Earnings w/Associates Additional Earnings w/Bachelors

Economic Incentives for Education in Indiana

Difference in Median Annual Earning Between College Graduates and High School Graduates in Indiana vs. the U.S. and the Top 10 States (18-64 Year Olds) for 2000. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2000 Census 5% Public Use Microdata Samples.



3. AGING BOOMERS



TRADITIONAL

CCRC + SERVICES (assumes responsibility for

nursing services and

internalized care)

SERVICE NETWORK (assumes collaboration with other community

organizations and civic leaders in the offering of

an ageographic service network aimed at

providing successful aging though vibrant,

intergenerational neighborhoods)

3. AGING BOOMERS



I have money. I am loyal, and I bring my friends.

When I retire I want to drink beer and work on my car all day long. I know I won’t be able to drive the damn thing, but that’s not the point. I have worked hard, and when I retire that’s what

I want to do. So give me a garage, a fridge full of beer, and leave me alone. Sure… come in to change my diaper, make sure I have a pulse – but then let me get back to changing my carburetor…

…and if you won’t do it, I will pay for someone else to; and if I cant find anyone I will find friends of mine and we will just build our own damn garage and hire 30 full time nurses.

“

” Dr. Lowell Catlett Keynote Address AIA-IN+KY Convention Columbus, Indiana 2007



Average Annual Net Migration Rates By Age, 1980-2000

Source: USDA, Economic Research Service, using data from USDA-funded

cooperative agreements (Fuguitt and Beale, 1996; Voss et al., 2004).

MIGRATION

UNDERSTANDING HOW THE CREATIVE ECONOMY IS MAKING WHERE YOU LIVE THE MOST IMPORTANT DECISION OF YOUR LIFE.

Richard Florida -2.0

20

Metro

Nonmetro

80 60 40

-1.5

-1.0

-0.5

0

0.5

1.0

1.5



MIGRATION



WALKABLITY A 2008 AARP poll found that almost 1/3 of Americans age 50+ wanted to walk more to services and entertainment.

30% MARKET CATCHMENT Of the 60% planning to relocate for retirement, 36% will move more than three hours away.

36%

“URBAN” RETIREMENT Studies have demonstrated that 28% of baby boomers plan to or are intrigued by retiring in an urban, walkable environment.

28% RELOCATION Studies have found 60% of baby boomers expect/plan to move and make a lifestyle adjustment in their 60’s.

60%

People are being drawn to the convenience and culture of walkable urban neighborhoods across the country – even when those neighborhoods are small.

MIGRATION “

” Christopher Leinberger The Option of Urbanism (2007)



Our enormous and rapidly growing older population is a vast, untapped resource. If we can engage these individuals in ways that fill urgent gaps in our society, the result will be a windfall for American civic life in the twenty-first century.

“ ” Marc Freedman

Prime Time: How Baby Boomers Will Revolutionize Retirement and Transform America (1999)

ENGAGEMENT



STRATEGIES Communities for a Lifetime Bill



STRATEGIES FORM-BASED CODES

NATURAL TRANSECT ZONES URBAN TRANSECT ZONES T1: NATURAL ZONE T2: RURAL ZONE T3: SUBURBAN ZONE T4: GENERAL URBAN ZONE T5: URBAN CENTER ZONE T6: URBAN CORE ZONE

FORM-BASED CODES



Integrated CCRC - Mableton, GA, Atlanta Regional Commission (2010) Graphic courtesy Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company

STRATEGIES FORM-BASED CODES



STRATEGIES PURSUING LIFELONG VILLAGES

lifelong village [lahyf-lawng \ vil-ij], noun,

1. A small city or urban village whose socio-economic

development initiative promotes young and old to thrive

together; 2. A redevelopment strategy focused on fostering

intergenerational relationships and urban renewal through

the accommodation of a rapidly growing aging demographic

through nimble and collaborative support networks.



+ + = walkable

neighborhood

network structure

critical mass

intergenerational community

LIFELONG VILLAGE MOVEMENT

STRATEGIES PURSUING LIFELONG VILLAGES



SENIOR POPULATION: Seniors retained within existing community or migrating from outside the community.

SENIOR SERVICE NETWORK (e.g., in-home care, transportation, etc.)

LOCAL ECONOMY - private sector institutions benefiting from growing senior population (e.g., medical retail, restaurants, wellness facilities, etc.)

INITIAL NETWORK: Services aimed at accommodating the supportive needs of seniors.

RESULTANT NETWORK: Socio-economic activity offered by concentrated populations of engaged senior populations.

STRATEGIES

RECIPROCAL REVITALIZATION

PURSUING LIFELONG VILLAGES



PART TWO ENGAGEMENT

volunteerism

small business

transit

retail

healthcare

education

arts

Aging Population

Percentage of People Age 65+ Reporting Good-Excellent Health

Source: "Older Americans 2008 Key Indicators of Well-Being", Federal

Interagency Forum on Aging Related Statics

76% 80%

74% 67%

60% 63% 57% 54%

63% 68%

57%

47%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

65+ 65-74 75-84 85+

White Black Hispanic



PERCENTAGE OF 45+ WHO AGREE THEY WOULD “REALLY LIKE TO STAY IN THEIR CURRENT RESIDENCE AS LONG AS POSSIBLE.

86%

ENGAGEMENT

UP, Pixar Films (2009)

Source: AARP, Home and Community Preference of the 45+ Population, November 2010



80+ million

Suburban living in this country is becoming seen more of an epidemic than a development methodology when you consider that in 2000

“80 million Americans were either too young, too old, or too poor to drive.”

Andres Duany, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk and Jeff Speck, Suburban Nation: the Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of

the American Dream (2000), pg 115

DISCONNECTED

ENGAGEMENT

Beacon Hill Village, Boston, MA (www.beaconhillvillage.org)

Photo by Alex MacLean



ENGAGEMENT

Source: AARP/Roper Public Affairs & Media Group of NOP World, Beyond 50.05 Survey, 2004.

CORRELATING INABILITY TO DRIVE AND LEVELS OF SUCCESSFUL AGING

0%

-5%

-10%

-15%

-20%

-25% I am able to make choices that

affect how I age I have a high quality of life I am involved in the world and

people around me

14% 17% 24%



ENGAGEMENT

*Source: The American Seniors Housing Association,

The Independent Living Report (2009).

54% of seniors cited companionship, an improved social life, and a relief from boredom as the reasons for their move.*

THE VAST MAJORITY OF THE 55+ POPULATION DOES NOT WANT TO LIVE IN A COMMUNITY THAT LEGALLY LIMITS THE AGE OF ITS RESIDENTS.



ENGAGEMENT

UP, Pixar Films (2009)


CORRELATING COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT AND LEVELS OF SUCCESSFUL AGING

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

I am satisfied with my life the majority of the time

I am able to make choices about things that affect how I age

I have a high quality of life

High Low

31% 24% 39%



SOCIAL INTERACTION

Surveys show that more than 88% of NORC residents talk with more people than they used to.

ENGAGEMENT

participate in more activities then they used to

know more about their community’s services than they used to

feel healthier and more active than they used to

84.0%

95.4%

70.5%



ENGAGEMENT

A Roseto Cornet Band rehearsing. Photo by Steve Schapiro. The Roseto Story: An Anatomy of Health, by John Bruhn and Stewart Wolf (1979), p68.

“The Rosetans were healthy… because of the world they had created for themselves in their tiny little town in the hills. […] Living a long life, the conventional wisdom of the time depended to a great extent on who we were – that is, our genes. It depended on the decisions we made – on what we chose to eat, and how much we chose to exercise, and how effectively we were treated by the medical system. No one was used to thinking about health in terms of community.”

Malcolm Gladwell, Outliers: The Story of Success (2008), pg 9-10



ENGAGEMENT

= $$



ENGAGEMENT

Source: Dodd Kattman and Zachary Benedict, Valuing Connectivity: Exploring the Importance of Civic Inclusion and Walkability for Senior Living, 2010

WALKABLE ENVIRONMENTS FOR AGING

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Downtown Care Provider

SCORES <50 = CAR-DEPENDANT AREAS

Rising Sun, IN (2011) Photo by MKM.



ENGAGEMENT

A one-mile walk in Seattle’s Phinney Ridge takes you through a grid-like street network with a mix of residences and businesses.

A one-mile walk in Bellevue, WA with cul-de-sacs and winding streets has few shops and services within walking distance.

ONE MILE WALK IN A COMPACT NEIGHBORHOOD ONE MILE WALK IN A SPRAWLING SUBURB



ENGAGEMENT



Bluffton, IN (2010) Photo by MKM.

If failing urban environments like this can’t offer the ability to live (and age) in-place, the value their structure offers will quickly fade. To survive the coming decades, these environments must be reenergized.

ENGAGEMENT



+1000

+2000

+3000 +4000

0

2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

CREATIVE DESTRUCTION

Netflix

Blockbuster

CREATIVE DESTRUCTION defines economic growth caused by entrepreneurial

risks that destroy previous business practices through their innovations.

It was first coined by Joseph Schumpeter as a “process of industrial mutation that incessantly revolutionizes

the economic structure from within, incessantly destroying the old one, incessantly creating a new one.”*

*Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, 1942



RETIREMENT

16

18

21

25

62 82

55 85

65 75

70 72 0

0

0

0

BIRTH OCCUPATIONAL DURATION DEATH

AGRARIAN

INDUSTRIAL

INFORMATION

FUTURE

WORK/RETIRE RATIO

27:1

5:1

2:1

1:1

DEMAND

50%+ WORKING



DEMAND

Source: AdvantAge Initiative Community Survey in Indiana 2008.

engaged in at least one cultural, religious, or social activity

attended movies, sporting events, or group events

attended church, temple, or other

participated in volunteer work (18% at 10+ hours a week)

IN THE LAST WEEK, PEOPLE AGE 60+…

88%

67%

57%

39%



STRATEGIES UNIVERSITY-BASED RETIREMENT COMMUNITIES



STRATEGIES COMPLETE STREETS INITIATIVE



STRATEGIES VILLAGE-TO-VILLAGE (VtV) MOVEMENT

Villages are membership-driven, grass-roots organizations run by volunteers and paid staff who coordinate access to affordable services including transportation, inspiring health and wellness programs, home repairs, social and educational activities and trips.

www.vtvnetwork.org



In-Home Services: Members will have access to various care services ranging in a levels of need. Available services include assistance with activities of daily living (ADL’s), personal care, licensed home health, cooking, cleaning, light housekeeping and select errands.

Care Coordination: Members will be assigned a Personal Care Coordinator for their respective services and needs and be available to you and your family 24/7.

Adult Day Care: Members will be offered services provided in a congregate setting for a scheduled number of hours per week, including transportation, meals and activities.

Home Inspection and/or Repairs: Members will have access to accessing home repair services and annual “safety inspections” for their homes to ensure quality living arrangements.

Transportation: Members will have access to limited public

transportation as well as ability to reserve and utilize a member-only rental car service.

Social and Wellness Programs: Members will have access to exercise classes, arts and crafts classes, wellness seminars, speakers, day excursions and discounted use of local YMCA.

Accessibility: Neighborhood infrastructure will react to elder-

friendly and accessible amenities (e.g., curbing, ramps, etc.).

MENU

STRATEGIES

Age Qualified Services…

COLLABORATIVE SERVICES



STRATEGIES RESOURCING COMMUNITY E-VOLUNTEERISM



PART THREE NETWORK STRUCTURES



NETWORK

BUILT ENVIRONMENT DAILY ROUTINE

URBANISM

FUNNELS

REALITY



NETWORK



NETWORK

BUILT ENVIRONMENT DAILY ROUTINE

URBANISM

FUNNELS

SUPPORT NETWORK REALITY



NETWORK DESIGN



STRUCTURE ASSET MAPPING Lifelong village (LV) networks can shape a community development strategy that encourages and eventually relies on diversity, walkabilty, and social interconnection – all pivotal components in incentivizes smart growth and urban renewal.

COMMUNITY APPRAISAL: Gather and review existing community information in an effort to quantify the current state of the network structure.

GAP ANALYSIS: Review asset mappings against LV criteria and analyze what cultural amenities and social/service offerings are currently absent within the existing community.



In discussing how local municipalities can adopt a LV development model, a select group of government, civic, and community leaders are often gathered to discuss the urgency of these shifting priorities and how they may be addressed.

Working charrette (2007) Photo by MKM.

IMPLEMENTATION



3

7

6

2 1

1. State Highway 2. Golf Course 3. Public Lake 4. Walkable Downtown

5. Middle School 6. YMCA 7. High School 8. Sports Field(s)

9. City Park + Beach 10.Library 11.County Fairgrounds 12.Industrial Park

4

8

9

12

1 MILE RADIUS

½ MILE RADIUS

3

5

10

11

Kendallville, Indiana

NETWORK STRUCTURE



1. PLACES: Provide an intact, centralized grouping of buildings ,

civic spaces, and people within a walkable urban core that creates a sense of "place" for the community.

2. WALKABILITY: Provide a diverse offering of goods, services,

and cultural amenities within the urban core and surrounding area.

3. WELLNESS: Provide an interconnected network of wellness-

based services and programs that provide and promote a healthy and sustainable lifestyle.

4. SAFETY: Provide an urban core that performs (and is perceived

by the community as) a safe and secure environment.

5. ACCESS: Provide a network of multi-model transportation

and/or accessible pedestrian patterns for all demographics connecting amenities throughout the urban core.

6. BRAND: Provide a place whose civic identity is rooted in the

appreciation and promotion of a quality of life aimed at accommodating a creative, interactive, and intergenerational offering for its residents and businesses.

7. MARKET: Provide a local environment that offers a healthy and

stable economy focused on demographic market demand, innovative collaborations, and local entrepreneurialism.

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0 1

2

3

4 5

6

7

LV Gap Analysis NETWORK CRITERIA



COMMUNITY CENTER FOR SUCCESSFUL AGING

NETWORK OUTPUT INDEPENDENCE The LV network structure is designed to allow residents to not only remain independent as they age, but utilize their activity to improve and interact with the community at large.

LIVING

BUYING

WORKING

VOLUNTEERING

LV



STRATEGIES HOUSING AS CATALYST FOR DIVERSITY



STRATEGIES SENIORS AS CRITICAL MASS FOR LOCAL BUSINESS



STRATEGIES SENIORS AS MOTIVATION FOR ENTREPRENEURIALISM

of the U.S. labor force's growth through 2016 will be Age 55+

Source: Pew Research Center, September 2009

93%



STRATEGIES

CORRELATING COMMUNITY ATTACHMENT AND VOLUNTEERISM


0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Volunteer within the Community Donate to Local Organizations

"Very Attached" "Not Very Attached"

SENIORS AS MOTIVATION FOR SOCIAL CAPITAL



Source: WOW! User Data, Provided by Wells Council on Aging, March 2009.

Annual Total Riders Per Age Group

STRATEGIES SENIORS AS MOTIVATION FOR TRANSIT

Annual Total Trips Per Age Group

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Senior (60+) Adult (18-59) Student (K-12) Infant (0-5)

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Senior (60+) Adult (18-59) Student (K-12) Infant (0-5)



CONCLUSION

2010: 39.6 million people were 65+ 13% of US population

<3% in CCRC

2030: 72.1 million people will be 65+ 19% of US population

Cities and towns will react to the rapidly aging population by strengthening the promotion and efficiency of their engagement networks.

Cities and towns will rebound from the projected census retraction by embracing a development pattern that incentives an intergenerational community.

1.

2.



CONCLUSION COMMUNITY CENTERS FOR SUCCESSFUL AGING

Macro-Strategies for Intergenerational Communities

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