LTE 5G LATIM AMERICA 2017

Diretoria de Tecnologia e Plataformas Ger. Estratégia Tecnologica e Integração de Serviços

What RAN and Small Cell Developments Will Make 5G a Reality?

Alberto Boaventura

Traffic

ReveueVoice Data

Changes ...

Rapid and consistent mobile broadband consolidation,

doubling year over year, will bring a tsunami of data traffic, representing in 2020 1000x of

the traffic in 2010.

Mobile Data Traffic

Dozens of billions of connected devices foreseen by industry

(GSMA, Ovum, MachinaResearch etc.) on

upcoming decade.

Internet of Things

All customer requirements are not equal. It is worthwhile to

discover which attributes of a product or service are more important to the customer.

Negative perception of services is the major reasons for

changing of service provider

Customer Experience

Main broadband dilemma: Traffic and Revenue

decoupling.

It brings a continuous research for cost effective and affordable

solutions.

Flat Revenue

1000x

...Challenges

More Spectrum: Licensed, Shared or Unlicensed;

New Technology;

New Cell Site;

Spectral Efficiency;

Spatial Efficiency;

Interference Control;

Capacity & Resource ManagementMore Capacity;More Elasticity;

More Resiliency;More Granularity;

Low latency;Self Organized;Synchronization;

Service and Network State Awareness; Network Slicing;

Architecture Evolution

Multiple technologies and costs;

Service, technology and spectrum balancing;

Device subsidy;

Spectrum refarming;

Lifecycle Management

+

vs

vs................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

256QAM

Next Generation Mobile Network (NGMN) 5G Vision

USE CASES BUSINESS MODEL VALUE CREATION

AssetProvider

ConnectivityProvider

PartnerService

Provider

XaaS; IaaS; NaaS; PaaS

Network Sharing

Basic Connectivity

Enhanced Connectivity

Operator Offer Enriched by Partner

Parter Offer Enriched by Operator

Broadband Access in Dense Areas

Broadband Access Everywhere

Higher User Mobility Massive Internet of Things

Extreme Real-Time Communications Lifeline Communications

Ultra-reliableCommunications Broadcast-like Services HIGH RELIABLE AND FLEXIBLE NETWORK

SERVICEEXPERIENCETRUST

Secu

rity

Iden

tity

Pri

vacy

Rea

l Tim

e

Seam

less

Per

son

aliz

ed

Inte

ract

ion

&

Ch

argi

ng

Qo

S

Co

nte

xt

“5G is an end-to-end ecosystem to enable a fully mobile and connected society. It empowers value creation towards customers and partners, through existing and emerging use cases, delivered with consistent

experience, and enabled by sustainable business models”Requirements

Attribute 3GPP Release 12 NGMN Requiremnents

Data rate per user Up to 100 Mbps on average Peaks of 600 Mbps (Cat11/12)

> 10 X expected on average and peak rates > 100 X expected on cell edge

End-toend latency 10 ms for two-way RAN (pre-scheduled)Typically up to 50 ms e2e I

> 10X (smaller)

Mobility Functional up to 350 km/h No support for civil aviation

> 1,5 X

Spectral Efficiency DL: 0,074-6,1 bps/HzUL: 0.07-4.3 bps/Hz

Pushing for substantial increase

Connection Density 2000 Active Users/km2 > 100 X

ITU Vision for 5G

Attribute IMT Adavanced (4G) IMT 2020 (5G)

Peak Data Rate DL: 1 GbpsUL: 0.05 Gbps

DL: 20 GbpsUL: 10 Gbps

User Experience Data Rate

10 Mbps 100 Mbps

Peak Spectral Efficiency

DL: 15 bps/HzUL: 6.75 bps/Hz

DL: 30 bps/HzUL: 15 bps/Hz

Mobility Functional up to 350 km/h No support for civil aviation

500 km/h

Connection Density

100k devices/km2 1 million devices/km2

Network EnergyEfficiency

1 100x over IMT Advanced

Area Traffic Capacity

0,1 Mbps/m2 10 Mbps/m2

Enhanced Mobile Broadband

MassiveMachine Type

Ultra-Reliable & Low Latency

SmartCities

SmartHomes

Building

3D vídeo, UHD,

Virtual Reality

AugmentedReality

IndustryAutomation

Self Driving

Car

ConnectedCars

Remote Surgery

MASSIVE MACHINE TYPE ULTRA-RELIABLE & LOW LATENCY ENHANCED MOBILE BROADBAND

• Huge number of devices• Lower Cost• Long Battery Life

• Web Access• Video Applications: Conferencing, Broadcast• Virtual and Augmented Reality • Connected Cars

• Remote Surgery• Industrial IoT• Critical MTC• Self Driving Cars

5G Potential Technologies

1=0º

1=45º

30

210

60

240

90

270

120

300

150

330

180

...

p1

p2

pN

Native M2M support A massive number of connected devices

with low throughput; Low latency Low power and battery consumption

hnm

h21

h12

h11

Higher MIMO order: 8X8 or more System capacity increases in fucntion of

number of antennas

Spatial-temporal modulation schemes SINR optimization Beamforming

Enables systems that illuminate and at the same time provide broadband wireless data connectivity

Transmitters: Uses off-the-shelf white light emitting diodes (LEDs) used for solid-state lighting (SSL);

Receivers: Off-the-shelf p-intrinsic-n (PIN) photodiodes (PDs) or aval anche photo-diodes (APDs)

C-plane (RRC)

Phantom Celll

Macro Cell

F1F2

F2>F1

U-plane

D2D

Phantom Cell based architecture Control Plane uses macro network User Plane is Device to Device (D2D) in

another frequency such as mm-Wave and high order modulation (256 QAM).

Net

Radio

Core

Cache

Access Network Caching Network Virtualization Function Cloud-RAN Dynamic and Elastic Network

5G Non-Orthogonal Waveforms for Asynchronous Signalling (5GNOW)

Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) : Potential extension to OFDM ;

Filter Bank Multi Carrier (FBMC): Sustainability fragmented spectra.

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) Sparse-Code Multiple Access (SCMA) High modulation constellation

MASSIVE MIMO SPATIAL MODULATION COGITIVE RADIO NETWORKS VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION

DEVICE-CENTRIC ARCHITECTURE NATIVE SUPPORT FOR M2M CLOUD NETWORK & CACHE NEW MODULATION SCHEME

New protocol for shared spectrum rational use

Mitigate and avoid interference by surrounding radio environment and regulate its transmission accordingly.

In interference-free CR networks, CR users are allowed to borrow spectrum resources only when licensed users do not use them.

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2020+

Release 16 & 5G Enh (ITU)

Release 15 & 5G SI/WI (sub 40 GHz)

Evaluation & Specification

Proposal Submission

Tech. Requirements &Eval. Methodology

Vision, Technology & Spectrum

5G Timeframe

WRC15WRC12 WRC19

Trials and CommercializationStandardization ActivitiesPre-standardizationExploratory Research

First Release White Paper

Requirements & Tech. feasibility

Release 14 & 5G SI Release 10-13

NFV Phase 3NFV Phase 2NFV Phase 1

MEC Phase 2MEC Phase 1

RG on Cloud based Mobile Core Net. for 5G

Evolution to SDN Open FlowOpen Daly LightOpen Flow v1.2Google

Inte

nsi

vely

an

d e

xten

sive

ly e

ffo

rt f

rom

ove

rall

stan

dar

diz

atio

n b

oar

ds

Trial of basic functionality Tests IoT and deployment

LTE-PROLTE-ALTE

LTE Evolution and SmallCell Capacity Improvement

Carrier AggregationIntra & Inter Band

Band X

Band y

256 QAM

Smallcells Heterogeneous Network

Colaboration MIMO (CoMP) & HetNet

High Order DL-MIMO & Advanced UL-MIMO

C-plane (RRC)

Phantom Celll

Macro Cell F1

F2

F2>F1

U-plane

D2D

New Architecture

20 MHz OFDMSC-FDMADL 4x4 MIMOSON, HeNB

Carrier AggregationUL 4x4 MIMODL/UL CoMPHetNet (x4.33)MU-MIMO (x1.14)eICICCoMP

Small Cells Enh.Fe-ICIC/CoMP Enh. (x 1.3)FD-MIMO (x3.53)DiverseTraffic Support256 QAM (x1.33)Dual Connectivity/LAA/LWAD2D/Proximiy Services

InternetEPC

LTE+LTE-U/LAAMuLTEFire ... ...

Freq.

20 MHz Channel

s

ClearChannel

X2

Victim Cell

P1 P2

Unlicensed Spectrum & Spectrum Sharing MU-MIMO/FD-MIMO eICIC/FeICIC

64 QAM

256 QAM

+33%

Why SmallCells?

2013201420152016

2017

2018

2019

2020

0,0 Mbps/km2

500,0 Mbps/km2

1000,0 Mbps/km2

1500,0 Mbps/km2

2000,0 Mbps/km2

0,250 km0,350 km0,450 km0,550 km

DOWNTOWN: HIGH DENSITY TRAFFIC

CoverageRadius

Capacity2015

Capacity2016

Capacity2017

A +63%

C

D

+61%

+54%

B

TECHNOLOGY ALTERNATIVES AND TOTAL COST OWNERSHIP

$$$

$$$

$$$

$$$

$$$

$$$

1 x 3 x 5 x 7 x 9 x

2600 MHz (10) +1800 MHz (5) +1800 MHz (10) SmallCell

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Legend Notes:2600 MHz (10) : Basic Scenario;+1800 MHz (5): Additional 5 MHz;+1800 (10): Additional 10 MHz;SmallCell: Using 2600 MHz with 10 MHz

TCO

A B C

Indifference between Macro

1800 & 2600 MHz

Macro LTE 1800 MHz for

coverage

Dual layer Macro LTE 1800

& 2600 MHz

181

265

890

SmallCell2600 MHz

𝑴𝒃𝒑𝒔

𝒌𝒎𝟐

X

DEMANDS

Source: SmallCells Forum

INDOOR TRAFFIC

39%

32%

14%

4%

11%

In Car

At Home

At Work

Travelling

Others

The indoor traffic density can be thousand times higher than outdoor:

the number of persons per km2 in stadium, can reach 1 Million! If all

persons upload video with 64 kbps, it represents 64 Gbps/km2

Voice Originating Call

INDOOR LOST PERFORMANCE

0 bps/Hz

4 bps/Hz

8 bps/Hz

12 bps/Hz

-130 dBm -110 dBm -90 dBm

3GPP (LTE) Shannon

OutdoorIndoor

Building Penetration Loss varies around 10-20 dB, that reduces

around of 50% overall performance of outdoor macro sites;

RSRP

50% and 80% of

voice and data

traffic

respectively are

performed indoor.

≈-50%

Why Centralizing?

● Capacity & Coverage:

– C-RAN = 30 x D-RAN: C-RAN can easily implement CoMP and e-ICIC, which can together increase system capacity in 30 times distributed network;

– Traffic Optimization. C-RAN optimizes pool of resources in unbalanced traffic areas;.

– Indoor Coverage. 50% of voice traffic and 80% of data traffic are performed in indoor environment, and indoor traffic density can represent 10-100 times outdoor environment;

– Economic Solution. Accordingly to Airvana , C-RAN is 69% cheaper than DAS;

● Transmission & Infrastructure:

– Low Latency. e-ICIC and CoMP have tighter latency requirement below 10 micro seconds.

– Network Synchronization. It can be simplified by requiring synchronism in less centralized sites

– Opex Reduction. Space/Colocation, air conditioning and other site support equipment's power consumption can be largely reduced. China Mobile estimates a reduction of 71% of power saving comparing to Distributed Cell Site;

● Rollout, Operation & Maintenance:

– Faster Rollout. Due simpler remote cell site that reduces 1/3 comparing to D-RAN.

– Multi-Tenant BBUs. Few big rooms, it is much easier for centralized management and operation, saving a lot of the O&M cost associated with the large number of BS sites in D-RAN.

● TCO:

– Accordingly to China Mobile, 15% and 50% of CapEx and OpEx savings respectivelly comparing to Distributed RAN

Core Net.

BBU

TDM

IP

BBU

BBU

Core Net.

Fronthaul

Backhaul IP

BBU

BBU

BBU

eICIC CoMP

Distributed RAN Centralized RAN

Coherent transm. & Non-Coherent transm.

Instantaneous Cell Selection

X2

X2

ABSProtectedSubframe

Aggressor Cell Victim CellX2

Identifiesinterfered UE

Requests ABSConfigure

s ABS ABS InfoMeasurement Subset Info

Uses ABS andsignals Patern

NETWORK FUNCTION VIRTUALIZATION

WHy Virtualizing?

SDNapplications

SDNcontrollers

NetworkResources

Programmatic control of abstracted network resources (application-

control interface)

Logically centralized control of network

resources (resource-control interface)

Source: ITU-T Y.3300

Acceleration of innovation: Accelerates business and/or technical innovation through more flexibility of the network operations, thus making trials easier;

Accelerated adaptation to customer demands: Dynamic negotiation of network service characteristics and of dynamic network resource control;

Improved resource availability : Improves network resource availability and efficiency,

Service-aware networking: Allows network customization for the network services which have different requirements, through the programming of network resource operations, including the dynamic enforcement of a set of policies.

Hardware Resources

Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs)

Virtualization Layer

VNF ...

NFV

Man

agem

ent

and

O

rch

estr

atio

n

Compute Storage Network

NFV InfrastructureVirtual

ComputeVirtualStorage

VirtualNetwork

VNF VNF VNF

CapEx: Reduces equipment costs by consolidation, leveraging the economies of scale;

OpEx: Reduces power consumption, space and collocation costs, improved network monitoring.

O&M: Improves operational efficiency by taking advantage of a homogeneous physical platform

Deployment: Easily, rapidly, dynamically provision and instantiate new services in various locations (i.e. no need for new equipment install)

Time to market: Minimizing a typical network operator cycle of innovation.

Service differentiation: Rapidly prototype and test new services

Source: ETSI

NFV+SDN => MOBILE NETWORK

SDN can enable, simplify and automate NFV implementation

Mobile Network Simplification: Common functions optimized for RAN , EPC and transport .

Traffic Optimization : Network status awareness allows to optimize traffic by observing e2e congestion level, system capacity and element capabilities.

Resilience: SDN provides greater visibility at the network level, regardless of whether the network concept is Layer 2, Layer 3 or even Layer 4.

Power Management: Power consumption of wireless network elements can be optimized in real-time.

Spectrum and Interference Management: Opens a new range of interference mitigation and spectrum optimization techniques at the network level.

SDNapplications

SDNcontrollers

NetworkResourcesHardware Resources

Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs)

Virtualization Layer

VNF ...

NFV

Man

age

me

nt

and

O

rch

est

rati

on

Compute Storage Network

NFV InfrastructureVirtual

ComputeVirtualStorage

VirtualNetwork

VNF VNF VNF

SOFTWARE DEFINED NETWORK

MEC – Mobile Edge Computing (Multiple Access Edge Computing)

● Main Idea

– Brings the cloud closer to the network edge

– Opens the edge for application from 3rd parties

– Provides services to enhance application with context information to benefit from running near the edge

– Enables ultra low latency and traffic redirection

– Location does not matter.

● Benefits

– Proximity

– Ultra-low Latency

– High Bandwidth

– Real time access to radio network and context information

– Location awareness

● Framework

– Specfied in ETSI GS MEC 003

– Aligned with NFV principles

– Focuses on what is unique about Mobile Edge

– Allows flexibility in deployment

Mobile Edge Host

Mobile Edge AppMobile Edge App

Virtualization Infrastucture(NFVI)

Mobile Edge

Platform

Mobile Edge Host Level Manag.

Virtualization InfrastuctureManager

Mobile Edge

Platform Maganer

Mp1 Mp2

Mm5

Mm7

Mm6

Mobile Edge System Level Management

Mobile Edge Orchestrator

User AppLCM Proxy

Mm8

Mm1

Mm2

Mm3

CFS Portal

UE App

Mx1

Mx2

Ne

two

rks

Mo

bile

Ed

ge H

os

t L

eve

lM

ob

ile

Ed

ge S

ys

tem

Le

ve

l

Wi-Fi/FemtoLTE (MCN/SCN) NR (MCN/SCN) LPWA GPON/XGPON/G.Fast/XGFast

OSS

Role of mmWave in 5g SmallCells

3000 MHz 3500 MHz 4000 MHz 4500 MHz 5000 MHz 5500 MHz 6000 MHz

B42 Satellite B46

Mobile Broadband & Critical Mission Applications – Indoor3 - 6 GHz

400 MHz 900 MHz 1400 MHz 1900 MHz 2400 MHz 2900 MHz

B31 Broadcast B28 B20 B5 B8 B32 B3 B1 B40 ISM B7

Long Range for Massive Internet of Things (IoT)< 1GHz

Mobile Broadband & Critical Mission – Outdoor1 – 3 GHz

20 GHz 30 GHz 40 GHz 50 GHz 60 GHz 70 GHz 80 GHz 90 GHz

K Band Ka Band Ka Band Ka Band V Band V BandV Band V Band V Band V Band W Band W Band

Extreme Mobile Broadband & Short Range> 6GHz & cm/mmWave

> 6 GHz~30 GHz

1-6 GHz~ 3 GHz

<1 GHz~0.3 GHz

Huge Spectrum Capacity & Large Channels

Role of mmWave in 5g SmallCells

MMWAVE SMALL DISTANCE & SENSORS LARGE ARRAYS

NARROW BEAMS BEAMFORMING AND SPATIAL REUSEMASSIVE MIMO HUGE CAPACITY AND COVERAGE IMPROVEMENT

h11

h12

h21

h22

𝒀 =𝒉𝟏𝟏 𝒉𝟏𝟐𝒉𝟐𝟏 𝒉𝟐𝟐

𝑿 + 𝒏

4x3x2x1xCa

pa

city

Coverage 𝑪 𝒃𝒑𝒔 ~𝑩(𝑯𝒛) ∙ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟏+,𝒎𝒊𝒏(𝑵𝑻𝒙, 𝑵𝑹𝒙) ∙ 𝑺𝑵𝑹

𝑪 𝒃𝒑𝒔 ~,𝒎𝒊𝒏(𝑵𝑻𝒙, 𝑵𝑹𝒙) ∙ 𝑩(𝑯𝒛) ∙ 𝒍𝒐𝒈𝟐 𝟏 + 𝑺𝑵𝑹

LARGE ARRAYS NARROW BEAMS & MASSIVE MIMO

...

p1

p2

pN

∆𝜽𝑨𝒑=𝟐

𝒅𝝀𝑵

1

2

N

• Reduce interference (better SINR)• Spectrum reuse (multiple users share same

channel)

𝜸(𝚫)

𝚫

Nsen

senN

Nsen

senN

1

2

2

1)(

2

)()()( 1 aaG H

...

p1

p2

pN

d d dd dd

Z(t)

p2 p3 p4 p5 p6 p7p1

Ericsson & IBM Module

• Azimuth Beamforming• Elevation Beamforming• 3D Beamforming

𝒅 ≈𝝀

𝟐

New Radio (NR) design

MBMS

DL DL UL UL UL UL

D2D

Forwardcompatibility

IntegratedFramework

Mission-Critical

Self-cotainedintegrated subframe

Dynamic UL/DL

15 kHz

30 kHz

60 kHz

120 kHz

Outdoor & Macro coverage

FDD/TDD< 3GHz

Outdoor & SmallCells

TDD > 3GHz

Indoor wideband

TDD 5GHz

mmWave

TDD

Scalable Numerology with Scalingof Subcarrier Spacing

ScalableTransmission Time

Interval (TTI)

Shorter TTI for low latency & high reliability

Longer TTI for higher spectral

efficiency

SpectralEfficiency

Complexity

MUAC (1 GC)

MUAC (no GC) PAPR

ACLR

CP-OFDM

SC-FDMA

UFMC

GFDM

FBMC

SpectralEfficiency –

Short Packet

Spectral Efficiency Low Complexity Frequency

LocalizationLow Power

ConsumptionAsynchronous

Multiplexing

Coexistence with New Modulation and Code Schemes

Source: Based onQualcomm material

Transmission Concerns

FRONTHAUL HIGH TRANSMISSION CAPILLARITY

Split for function centralization can happen on each protocol layer or on the interface between each layer.

Currently, LTE implies certain constraints on timing as well as feedback loops between individual protocol layers.

Depending on resource scheduling and coordination requirements will be needed, different schemes of centralized vs distributed protocol stacks can be used;

It can flexibilize the overall fronthaul requirements;

WHAT TO VIRTUALIZE

RF

PHY

MAC

RRM

AC/LC

NM

RF

PHY

MAC

RRM

AC/LC

NM

How much to centralize

Executed at RRH

Centralized Executed

Centralized Executed

SDRMonolithic

Executed at BTS

Middle Range Virtualization

Source: IEEE Communications Magazine

BBU

CPRIOBSAI

ETSI ORI

DataControl

Sync

RRU/RRH

BBU N

BBU 2BBU 1

CRAN

246 Mbps 1200 Mbps 2500 Mbps

9830 Mbps

WCDMA (1Carrier)

LTE (MIMO2x2, 10 MHz)

LTE (MIMO2x2, 20 MHz)

WCDMA + LTE

CRAN requires a tighter latency requirement for interefrence control (e-ICIC and CoMP) - In general IP backhaul transport cannot accomplish this latency level in X2 interface.

CRAN unfolds complexity of capillarity for access trasportation;

Although there are fronthaul standards, but each vendor implemented its own flavor: OBSAI, CPRI versions;

CPRI/OBSAI requires low latency 5 micro seconds in total, that introduces limitation of 40 km in terms of distance between BBU and RRU;

mmWave has a benefit to provide a very high capacity but a short range coverage. Thus, multiplying the number of Smallcells .

These Smallcells will be controlled in the cloud (Cloud RAN) and will need fiber optics for connectivity;

Combination of huge number of Smallcells with fiber premises for connectivity will bring an important concern for 5G infrastructure.

New Fronthaul Network

CPRI

RoE

SBI/Fronthaul

NBI/Internet

Hardware Poll

Virtualization Layer

BB

U1

...

O&

M/O

rch

est

rato

r

BB

U2

BB

Un

EPC

IMS

MTA

S

RRHRRH

RRH

Time SensitiveNetwork (TSN)

Fronthaul

IP Backhaul

SDN

Co

ntr

olle

r

IEEE 1588

vBBU in MEC, Radoi Cloud

Center or TelcoDatacenter

Radio over Ethernet

CPRI converter

Ethernet TSN based Network

RAU

RF/DF

L1 O

ff.

NG

FI

CP

RI

RoE

Agg.

NEW TRANSPORT NETWORK HIGH TRANSMISSION CAPILLARITYNEW TRANSPORT INTERFACESS

IEEE P1914.3 - CPRI over Ethernet mapper/de-mapperIEEE P1914.1 – (NGFI) Next Generation Fronthaul InterfaceIEEE 802.3 – (TSN) Time Sensitive Network featuresIEEE 1588v2 – Synchronization

L2 (

MA

C/R

LC/P

DC

P)

L1 (

PH

Y)

Resource Mapping & IFFT

Layer Mapping Precoding

Modulation

Bit-level Processing

Resource Mapping & FFT

Layer Mapping Precoding

IDFT & Demodulation

Bit-level Processing

Low MAC

High MAC

RLC

Dual Connection

PDCP

CPRI

PHY Pre – PHY IFFT

PHY Bit – PHY Sym

MAC - PHY

MAC Hi – MAC Lo

PLCP - RLC

Fro

nth

aulB

and

wid

th R

eq

uir

em

en

t

Fro

nth

aulD

ela

yR

eq

uir

em

en

t

High Stringent

Low Relaxed

Ce

ntr

aliz

ed

Gai

n

High

Low

Fro

nth

aulC

ost

High

Low

SBI/Fronthaul

NBI/Internet

Hardware Poll

Virtualization Layer

BB

U1

...O

&M

/Orc

he

stra

tor

BB

U2

BB

Un

EPC

IMS

MTA

S

RRH

Next Generation Fronthaul InterfaceNetwork Slicing & Flexible Protocol Stack SplitLoad Balancing and Statistical MutiplexingMIMO => RRHCordinating function => vBBU

V-RAN

Final Words

● 5G Requirements. 5G imposes several challenges in terms of system resource and technology lifecycle management; radio

access architecture evolution; due a combination of very different service requirements: massive type communications;

mission-critical and extreme mobile broadband services;

● SmallCells. It will be important tool to accomplish target demand 800 Mbps/km2 and above;

● MIMO. However, for accomplishing high spectral efficiency (30 bps/Hz ) there is required to explore spatial modulation, such

as: massive MIMO and beaforming;

● mmWave. It will be an important frequency for high density traffic due: a high bandwidth and easy for high order MIMO

(massive) technology design;

● MEC. MEC in conjunction with SDN+NFV will play an important role as affordable environment to accommodate very different

service requirement by optimizing network and computational resources;

● 5G Infrastructure. Combination of huge number of Smallcells with fiber premises for connectivity will bring an important

concern for Smallcells and 5G infrastructure.

● New Fronthaul. New network and interfaces for fronthaul are under standardization (TSN, RoE, NGFI, etc.) for replacing

traditional CPRI radio interface and it promises to solve fiber as main transmission resource requirement. But not in all cases;

● Fiber. Fiber is still main requirement for 5G Cell Sites (Macro and Small). Oi, as fixed incumbent operator in 26 Brazilian

states, with over 370,000 km of fiber, is being prepared to support 5G for own mobile network service, but all remainder

Brazilian mobile operators.

Alberto Boaventuraalberto@oi.net.br

¡Gracias!Thanks!Obrigado!Q&A