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COLONIAL AMERICA DATE: ____/____/____ NAME: ______________________________ BLK: ___

COLONIAL AMERICA

Gavrin, Griswold, Hinchman, DeGuzman, Doyle, Griffith – LCPS (2013-2014)U.S. History I

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COLONIAL AMERICA CONTENTS PageTitle Page 76

Colonial America Table of Contents 77Colonial America Anticipation Guide 78

Colonial America Warm-ups 79Why England Colonized North America 80

The Six Early Colonies Of England Text 1 81The Six Early Colonies Of England Text 2 82The Six Early Colonies of England Map 83

The Six Early Colonies Of England Chart 84Early Six Colonies Foldable 85Settler’s Letter to England 86

Jamestown 87Jamestown Chart 88

Virginia and Massachusetts Maps 89Plymouth 90

Original 13 Colonies Map 91Original 13 Colonies “Flips” 92The New England Colonies 93

New England Colonies Notes 94The Mid-Atlantic (Middle) Colonies 95

The Mid-Atlantic (Middle) Colonies Notes 96The Southern Colonies 97

The Southern Colonies Notes 98Colonial Regions Tree Map 99

Social Groups Chart 100Social Groups In The Colonies (Respected) 101

Social Groups (Respected) Notes 102Social Groups In The Colonies (Disrespected) 103

Social Groups (Disrespected) Notes 104Social Groups in Colonial America Tree Map 105

Colonial America Flash Cards 106


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COLONIAL AMERICA ANTICIPATION GUIDE Befor

e AfterSOL 5a – THE FIRST SIX COLONIES

T F The Jamestown settlement was the first English settlement in North America T F

T F The Pennsylvania colony was established as an economic venture. T F

T FBoth the Massachusetts Bay colony and the Plymouth

colony were established for reasons of religious freedom.

T F

T F The Virginia Company of London sponsored the Georgia colony as an economic venture. T F

SOL 5b – THE THREE REGIONS

T F The New England colonies depended on the Southern colonies for crops and forest products. T F

T F The Mid-Atlantic (Middle) colonies depended on the New England colonies for metal tools and equipment. T F

T FThe Southern colonies supplied the Mid-Atlantic

(Middle) and New England colonies with grains and livestock.

T F

T F New England colonies specialized in ship-building, fishing, and naval supplies. T F

T FSlavery, few schools, very large houses (mansions),

and indentured servants were typical in the Mid-Atlantic (Middle) colonies.

T F

T F Mild winters and moderate climate were features of the Southern colonies. T F

SOL 5c – THE SOCIAL GROUPS

T F The lives of the people in the colonies varied greatly depending on their social position. T F

T F Indentured servants were owned as property for life without any rights. T F


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ENGLISH COLONIES WORKSHEET


1. What are the two reasons colonies were begun in America by England?

____________________________ ____________________________

2. What is a separatist?______________________________________________________________________________________________________3. Color the colony green if it was an economic colony or red if it was a religious colony.

4. When was Jamestown founded?__________________________________5. In which colony could you find Quakers?__________________________________6. Which colony was founded by Puritans?__________________________________

7. Name the New England colonies. _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________

8. Name the Middle colonies. _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________

9. Name the Southern colonies. _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________ _____________________________

10. The Southern colonies grew ________________, or crops sold to make money. 11. New England held ________________ to decide political issues.12. The Mid-Atlantic colonies’ social lives centered around ____________________13. These large farms that grew tobacco and cotton, called ___________________, were mainly in the south.

JAMESTOWNMASSACHUSETTS

BAY

GEORGIAPENNSYLVANIA

PLYMOUTHROANOKE

14. Name the seven social groups of the thirteen colonies.

________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________ ________________________

15. Which social group was the most powerful due to their wealth, land and rights?__________________________________16. Which social group had no rights for life and was property? __________________________________

17. Which group could not vote and had few educational opportunities?__________________________________18. Which group owned and worked land and could vote, but were usually not wealthy?__________________________________19. Which group could own land, businesses, and have jobs but could not vote?__________________________________

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WHY ENGLAND COLONIZED NORTH AMERICA

As the European explorers claimed North America, they began to establish permanent colonies. A colony is a settlement far away from the empire that rules it.

We know European explorers came to North America looking for great riches, to spread Christianity, and to gain glory for their country. Why would everyday people travel thousands of miles to start a new life in North America? Some colonies were started for economic reasons. Some colonies were started for religious reasons.

RELIGIOUS REASONS

Europe was a place of religious violence in the 1600s. Most empires had official religions. These empires would punish anyone who didn’t behave according to strict rules. People who wanted to

practice religion in their own way could lose their property and businesses, or worse.

England allowed people who wanted to practice a different kind of Christianity to settle in North America. They would have to stay loyal to England, but could practice their faith in peace.

ECONOMIC REASONS

Some people in England saw a chance to make money in North America. The land was promising and

rich with resources. If they could make their new colonies profitable, they could rise in English society.

Others became so deep in debt in England that they had no choice but to go to North America. People would be put in prison if they couldn’t pay their bills. These settlers thought that they could escape from or work to repay their debts in America.


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THE SIX EARLY COLONIES OF ENGLAND TEXT 1

In this unit we’ll be looking at the colonies of England. We’ll start first with England’s earliest six settlements.

ROANOKE – THE LOST COLONY

The first English colony to be established in the New World was on the island of Roanoke in 1585. Roanoke was just off the coast of present day North Carolina. England started the Roanoke Island colony for economic reasons. They wanted to expand trade and increase the nation’s wealth.

This colony was plagued by shortages of supplies and unfriendly Native Americans. England and Spain were fighting at the time. This meant few boats were available for the long journey to the colony. England’s hopes for this new settlement ended in 1590 when ships carrying supplies from England arrived to find the colony abandoned and the settlers missing. Four hundred years later, historians still do not agree on what really happened to this “Lost Colony.”

JAMESTOWN – THE FIRST PERMENANT SETTLEMENT

England’s next attempt at establishing a colony in 1607 was successful. Jamestown Settlement became the first permanent English settlement in North America. Like the Roanoke colony, it too was established for economic reasons. A group of businessmen called the Virginia Company was granted approval by King James I to settle the new lands across the Atlantic. Jamestown struggled with poor supply, disease and starvation at the beginning. Under the leadership of Captain John Smith, Jamestown would survive to grow and prospered.

PLYMOUTH – TO SEPARATE FROM THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

The next successful English colony was Plymouth Colony. This colony was settled for religious reasons. It was founded by a group of people called the Pilgrims in 1620. They were also called separatists because they wanted to be separate from the Church of England. Being separate meant being disobedient to


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the king, so to avoid religious persecution, they decided to leave England in search of a safe place to practice their religion. They set sail for America on a ship called the Mayflower and landed on the shores of what is now the state of Massachusetts.



THE SIX EARLY COLONIES OF ENGLAND TEXT 2MASSACHUSETTS BAY – TO MAKE THE CHURCH PURE

In 1630, another religious group called the Puritans left England for America and settled the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Unlike the Pilgrims, they did not want to be separate from the Church of England. Instead they tried for many years to change it. When they finally realized that change was not taking place, they too began to look across the ocean for a safe place to practice their religion. Like the Pilgrims before them, they settled in what is now the state of Massachusetts.

PENNSYLVANIA – WHERE ALL COULD BE EQUAL

In the 1680s, the colony of Pennsylvania was settled by a group of people called Quakers. The Quakers were not well liked in England. Quakers believed that all people were created equal and that violence was a sin. England was a place where many people’s lives were determined by who their parents were. This put the Quakers in conflict with English society. Like the Pilgrims and the Puritans, they set sail across the ocean looking for a safe place to practice their religion without interference.

GEORGIA – TO ESCAPE DEBTOR’S PRISON

The last American colony called Georgia was founded in 1733. It was settled by people who had been imprisoned in England for not paying their debts. They came to the New World with hopes of economic freedom and a new life.


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THE SIX EARLY COLONIES OF ENGLAND MAP

This map of North America shows the locations of the earliest colonies of England. Each was settled for different reasons.

Shade religious colonies red and draw a cross next to them Shade economic colonies green and draw a dollar sign next to

them Shade water blue and mountains brown


N

GEORGIA

JAMESTOWN

PENNSYLVANIA

ROANOKE

PLYMOUTH

MASSACHUSETTSBAY

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THE SIX EARLY COLONIES OF ENGLAND CHART

ECONOMIC RELIGIOUS

JAMESTOWNWho:

Where:

When:

Why:

MASSACHUSETTS BAYWho:

Where:

When:

Why:

GEORGIAWho:

Where:

When:

Why:

PENNSYLVANIAWho:

Where:

When:

Why:

Complete the timeline above by putting the colonies in the right orderGavrin, Griswold, Hinchman, DeGuzman, Doyle, Griffith – LCPS (2013-2014)U.S. History I

1580 1740

1585

1609

1620

1630

1680

173376

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EARLY SIX COLONIES FOLDABLE


GLU

E FOLD

ABLE HERE

TEXT READS TH

IS WAY

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You are one of the early settlers at either Jamestown or Plymouth colony. Write a letter home to your family or friends in England. Give specific descriptions of your experiences traveling to the new land and what life is like now that you are here. Make a recommendation to them to either join you, or to stay away, AND WHY. You must explain your recommendation and support your reasons. Don’t forget an appropriate date at the top of your letter, and your signature. _________________,_____Dear ______________________,


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You are one of the early settlers at either Jamestown or Plymouth colony. Write a letter home to your family or friends in England. Give specific descriptions of your experiences traveling to the new land and what life is like now that you are here. Make a recommendation to them to either join you, or to stay away, AND WHY. You must explain your recommendation and support your reasons. Don’t forget an appropriate date at the top of your letter, and your signature.

October 24, 1608

Dear friends and family back home in England,

You should not come to the new world. The new world is very…eewwww. It is swampy and nasty and there is no gold here. It is just a bunch of Indians

that don’t like you and are trying to kill you.If you still decide to come, the food is scarce and if you do get something to

eat, you have to work for it. When you do get food, it is really old and disgusting.

Your house is a little hut that you have to share with like 10 other people, so it really stinks here. Literally, it smells like swamp, animals, animal poop,

your poop, and sweat.The ship ride—that is even worse. It is like a hurricane. You think you’re OK in the beginning, and at the end it is horrible. On your way there, you barely

get anything to eat, and when you do eat, it is disgusting, bug-filled food and month old nasty alcohol.

When you’re sleeping, you could be sleeping next to someone who is half dead and when you wake up, you’re sick, and he’s dead, and you’re going to have to help out by either carrying heavy 200-pound items with some hot,

sweaty guys who have not showered in months, or you’re sitting there sweeping dead bodies off the side of the ship and hopefully it won’t be

yours.So, take my advice. Keep your fancy, muffin-eating bottoms in England and

have a tea party with your other friends instead.Gavrin, Griswold, Hinchman, DeGuzman, Doyle, Griffith – LCPS (2013-2014)U.S. History I

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Very truly yours,

JAMESTOWN


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JAMESTOWN CHART

Notice how many people arrive in Jamestown in 1609 and how many are left in 1610.


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VIRGINIA AND MASSACHUSETTS MAPS


1. Title the map “Virginia”2. Draw waves in blue and label the Atlantic

Ocean 3. Draw waves in blue and label the

Chesapeake Bay4. Label the James River and trace it in blue5. Draw a red star in Richmond and label it6. Draw a green dot in Jamestown and label

it7. Draw a green dot in Sterling and label it

1. Title the map “Massachusetts”2. Draw waves in blue and label the Atlantic

Ocean 3. Draw waves in blue and label the Cape

Cod Bay4. Label the Charles River and trace it in

blue5. Draw a red star in Boston and label it6. Draw a green dot in Plymouth and label it

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PLYMOUTH

13 COLONIES MAP

ORIGINAL 13 COLONIES MAPGavrin, Griswold, Hinchman, DeGuzman, Doyle, Griffith – LCPS (2013-2014)U.S. History I

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Color the New England colonies yellow – MA, NH, RI, CTColor the Middle colonies green – NY, NJ, PA, DEColor the Southern colonies red – MD, VA, NC, SC, GA

ORIGINAL 13 COLONIES “FLIPS”Gavrin, Griswold, Hinchman, DeGuzman, Doyle, Griffith – LCPS (2013-2014)U.S. History I US1.5b How did climate and geographic features distinguish the three regions?

How did people use the natural resources of their region to earn a living? How did political and social life evolve in each of the three regions?

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US1.5b

Geography and Climate Economy

1 2

Social Life Political & Civic Life

3 4


US1.5b How did climate and geographic features distinguish the three regions? How did people use the natural resources of their region to earn a living? How did political and social life evolve in each of the three regions?

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THE NEW ENGLAND COLONIESGEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE

The New England colonies were located on wooded hills between the Appalachian Mountains on the west and the rugged Atlantic coastline on the east. The climate of this region was harsh with short, moderate summers and long, cold winters. Farming was difficult due to the short growing season and the thin rocky soil.

RESOURCES AND SPECIALIZATION

In order to make a living, many colonists in New England turned to their natural resources. Numerous natural harbors and the dense forests of this region caused the New Englanders to specialize in shipbuilding, fishing, and naval supplies. Bustling port cities grew up around the harbors of the region. Boston Harbor became a prosperous center of commerce in New England. In these busy port cities many colonists also made a living as skilled craftsmen and shopkeepers resulting in another resource for this colony: a human resource.

SOCIAL LIFE

In the areas surrounding these busy port cities, colonists lived in smaller villages and towns where the church was the center of their day to day life. Many of the settlers of this region had tried and failed to reform the Church of England before setting sail for the New World. Others, called separatists, had simply wanted to separate themselves from the Church of England and worship as they chose.

POLITICAL LIFE

The political life of the New England colonies revolved around the town meeting. These meetings were first held in churches by church leaders. Colonists would attend to hear and discuss the daily issues of village life. Later the meetings moved outside the church building and became the village political body. Citizens would meet to elect officers, set taxes, and settle community problems.

INTERDEPENDENCE

As resourceful as the New England colonies were, they still depended on the other colonies for goods and services. From the Southern Colonies they received raw materials such as cotton. The Middle Colonies supplied the New England Colonies with items such as grain and livestock. They traded tools to these other colonies.


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NEW ENGLAND COLONIES NOTES


GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________RESOURCES

__________________________ __________________________ __________________________

SOCIAL________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________POLITICS______________________________________________________________________________________________________INTERDEPENDECE AND TRADETraded away:________________________________________________________From the south:_______________________________________________________From the middle:______________________________________________________

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THE MID-ATLANTIC (MIDDLE) COLONIESGEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE

To the south of the New England colonies were the Mid-Atlantic colonies. This region was also located between the Appalachian Mountains on the west and the Atlantic Ocean on the east. The Mid-Atlantic climate was moderate with warm summers and mild winters. Wide, deep rivers flowed through the rich soil of coastal lowlands and emptied into many natural harbors and bays.

RESOURCES AND SPECIALIZATION

The rich soil of this area produced good farmlands where colonists grew grain and raised livestock. In addition, the rivers, harbors, and bays allowed many colonists to make a living as fishermen. Others became skilled workers such as carpenters or cobblers or unskilled workers such as farm laborers.

SOCIAL LIFE

The people of the Mid-Atlantic colonies lived in small villages and bustling cities. The lifestyles of the people were very diverse -- they practiced many religions, spoke many languages, and came from many countries other than England such as Germany, Ireland, Scotland, and the Netherlands.

POLITICAL LIFE

The political life of the Mid-Atlantic colonies revolved around market towns. These towns provided a center for trade and services on which the people of the surrounding countryside depended. People came together in market towns to buy, sell, and discuss the daily issues of the community.

INTERDEPENDENCE

Being located between the New England Colonies and the Southern Colonies made it possible for the Mid-Atlantic Colonies to interact with both. In this way the Mid-Atlantic Colonies were able to trade for the products they needed but did not produce or make themselves. They traded grain and livestock to the other regions. In exchange, they received tools from New England and cotton and tobacco from the south.


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THE MID-ATLANTIC (MIDDLE) COLONIES NOTES



__________________________ __________________________ __________________________

SOCIAL________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________POLITICS______________________________________________________________________________________________________INTERDEPENDECE AND TRADETraded away:________________________________________________________From New England:____________________________________________________From the south:_______________________________________________________

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THE SOUTHERN COLONIES GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE To the south of the Mid-Atlantic colonies were the Southern colonies. This region was also located between the Appalachian Mountains on the west and the Atlantic Ocean on the east. Its humid climate included mild winters and hot summers. The land of this region included the rolling hills of the Piedmont and the flat land of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. Numerous rivers flowed across the area and emptied into good harbors along the Atlantic coast.

RESOURCES AND SPECIALIZATIONThis region benefited from natural resources such as rivers, harbors and dense southern forests. These forests provided wood products like lumber, which were used to build homes, businesses, and ships. Due to the abundance of rich soil, small farms and large farms called plantations prospered in the South. Wealthy plantation owners grew huge amounts of cash crops such as tobacco, rice, cotton and indigo. Cash crops were grown to be sold. Other crops were grown to feed a farmer’s livestock and family. Because of their size, plantations needed a large, cheap workforce.

SLAVES AND INDENTURED SERVANTS To solve this problem, southern plantation owners began to use indentured servants and enslaved African Americans to do the backbreaking work in the fields. Indentured servants were usually young European men who agreed to work for a planter for a number of years in exchange for passage to the New World. Unlike enslaved African Americans who were owned for life, indentured servants were usually free within four to seven years.

SOCIAL LIFESocial life in the southern colonies was very different from the New England and Mid-Atlantic regions. There were very few villages, towns or cities. Instead, the plantation was often the center of social and economic activities. In the center of the plantation stood the elaborate mansion, or “Big House,” which was surrounded by stables, barns, kitchens, and slave quarters. There were also very few schools in the southern colonies. Children were often educated at home by their parents or private tutors. In the area of religion, the Church of England became the established church throughout much of the southern colonial region.

POLITICAL LIFE


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The political life of the Southern colonies revolved around the local seat of government called the county. Each county set up an area court four times a year to settle community problems. The sheriff was the main officer of the county and was appointed by the Governor of the colony.

INTERDEPENDENCEThe Southern Colonies specialized in agriculture and did not produce everything they needed. These colonies depended on the New England colonies for manufactured goods, including tools and equipment. They also needed grains and livestock from the Mid-Atlantic colonies. They traded away cotton and cash crops. THE SOUTHERN COLONIES NOTES



__________________________ __________________________ __________________________

SOCIAL________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________POLITICS______________________________________________________________________________________________________INTERDEPENDECE AND TRADETraded away:________________________________________________________From New England:____________________________________________________From the middle:______________________________________________________

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COLONIAL REGIONS TREE MAP

Thirteen Colonies


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SOCIAL GROUPS CHART


Could vote, own large areas of land, many

educated, mainly southern, wealthy,

owned slaves.

Could vote, own land, own their own shops.

Could vote, own land, not wealthy, needed family to help with land.

Could own land and businesses, but could not vote.

Had to work for a number of years without pay (free) before earning freedom.

Homemaker, caretaker. Could not vote, own businesses or have a job. Rarely educated.

Few rights.

Forced to work without pay for life. No rights. Treated as property.

Write the name of the social group next to its place on the pyramid.

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SOCIAL GROUPS IN THE COLONIES (RESPECTED)

The colonies were made up of different people whose lives were different depending on their social position.

PLANTERS/LARGE LAND OWNERS

One of the wealthiest social positions in colonial America was held by large landowners called planters. These powerful men lived mainly in the southern colonies and were usually well educated. They owned huge farms called plantations. These big plantations were filled with barns, stables, gardens, wells, workshops, kitchens, mills, and slave huts. A planter’s home was just as big as the land around it. To keep these farms running, planters needed huge numbers of low-cost workers in fields. Indentured servants and enslaved African Americans provided the cheapest labor.

FARMERS

Farmers held another social position in colonial America. These men were not wealthy like the planters, but they were respected members of the community. They farmed the land of their region and depended on family members, including children, to work on it.

ARTISANS

Artisans were another social class in colonial America. They were silversmiths, carpenters, masons, shipwrights, coopers, bakers, butchers, blacksmiths, tailors, and shoemakers. They often lived above their shops. These shops were in villages, towns, cities, and even on plantations. They were not as wealthy as the large landowners. These men held respectable positions in colonial society.


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SOCIAL GROUPS NOTES (RESPECTED)PLANTERS

FARMERS

ARTISANS

In the space below, summarize what you have read in a few short sentences.


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SOCIAL GROUPS IN THE COLONIES (DISRESPECTED)

FREE AFRICAN AMERICANS

Free African Americans made up a small social group in Colonial America. They had more economic freedom than both the indentured servants and the enslaved African Americans. They could work for pay and decide how to spend the money they earned. They were also allowed to own land. Free African Americans were not allowed to vote.

INDENTURED SERVANT

A less respected social class in colonial America was the indentured servant. They were often young men and women who wanted to go to the colonies but did not have enough money. They would agree to work without pay for the person who paid for their trip. They worked as laborers, field hands, craftsmen, and housekeepers. They were given their freedom at the end of their contract.

WOMEN

In colonial America a woman’s main roles were homemaker and caretaker. Her days were difficult. She had exhausting work such as cooking, cleaning and doing the laundry. She also had to make clothing and household goods like soap. She had to care for children, help the sick, and tend farm animals and kitchen gardens. Colonial women, whether rich or poor, had few rights. They were often not given the opportunity to go to school and were not allowed to vote.

SLAVES

The least respected social class was the enslaved African American. These men and women were captured in their native country and sold to slave traders. They were then shipped from Africa to the colonies. When they arrived in America they were sold into slavery. Enslaved African Americans were owned for life. They were considered the property of their owner and were given no rights or education. Children of enslaved African Americans were slaves from birth.


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SOCIAL GROUPS NOTES (DISRESPECTED)FREE AFRICAN AMERICANS

INDENTURED SERVANTS

WOMEN

SLAVES

In the space below, summarize what you have read in a few short sentences.


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10

Colonial Roles Large Land O

wners Farm

ers Artisans Wom

en Free African Americans Indentured Servants

Slaves

Large Land Ow

ners Farmers Artisans W

omen Free African Am

ericans Indentured Servants Slaves


COLONIAL AMERICA FLASH CARDS


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