LOBETHAL BUSHLAND PARK · LOBETHAL BUSHLAND PARK 6/30/2015 Vegeta on Management Plan 2015 Lobethal...

LOBETHALBUSHLANDPARK

6/30/2015 Vegeta on Management Plan 2015

Lobethal Bushland Park is situated 2km north of Lobethal. The reserve contains 118 hectares ofsignificant remnant vegetation, principally Eucalyptus obliqua (Messmate Stringybark) woodland andopen forest, but with notable occurrences of other dominant species such as E. dalrympleana(Mountain White Gum) and E. viminalis ssp. viminalis (Manna Gum) in riparian areas. The reservehas very high species diversity and vegetation condition is generally excellent with poor qualitybushland mainly confined to the edges. Twelve plants of conservation significance have beenrecorded. Community volunteers from the Friends of Lobethal Bushland Park and Bush For Lifehave been active in bush regeneration on the site for many years and have significantly improvedhabitat. The first priority for management is to maintain the high quality areas in good condition andto eradicate isolated outbreaks of “Red Alert Weeds” such as Blackberry, Erica, Gorse, Broom andSydney Golden Wattle through minimal disturbance bush regeneration methods, with long termobjectives of improving vegetation condition in the more degraded sections. Fuel control around thereserve perimeter is also a key management consideration.

T & M Ecologists

Lobethal Bushland Park

Document Informa onClient Adelaide Hills CouncilIssue Date 29 October 2015Version FINALAuthor Sarah TelferTitle Lobethal Bushland Park Vegeta on Management PlanSignature

Verified by Tim MilneTitle DirectorSignature

Document HistoryVersion Issue DateDra 1 30/6/2015Final 3/11/2015

T & M Ecologists Pty Ltd have prepared this report for the sole purposes of the Client for the specificpurpose only for which it is supplied. We accept no liability for any direct or consequen al loss arising fromthe transmission of this informa on to third par es. This report is current at the date of wri ng only and T& M Ecologists Pty Ltd will not be responsible for informing of any future changes in circumstances whichmay affect the accuracy of the informa on contained in this report. T & M Ecologists Pty Ltd does not offeror hold itself out as offering any advice rela ng to legal or regulatory implica ons.

Certain assump ons have been made in the prepara on of this report. We have assumed that allinforma on and documents provided to us by the Client or as a result of a specific request or enquiry werecomplete, accurate and up-to-date. Where we have obtained informa on from a government register ordatabase, we have assumed that the informa on is accurate. Where an assump on has been made, wehave not made any independent inves ga ons with respect to the ma ers the subject of that assump on.We are not aware of any reason why any of the assump ons are incorrect.

T & M Ecologists Pty Ltd5/26 Hack StMount Barker, South Australia 5251Telephone: (08) 8185 [email protected]


The Adelaide Hills is recognised as one of the most beau ful se ngs close to a major Australian city. The meld ofecological, cultural, recrea onal and other landscape features is referred to as the Adelaide Hills 'environment'. Thephysical character of the hills is based largely on upthrust and eroded ancient sandstone forma ons cloaked in a

variety of bushland habitats. Peramangk and Kaurna indigenous cultural landscapes abound.

The need for careful and sustainable management of development and farming in the area is well-recognised. There is a strong desire toenhance ecological sustainability, support economic viability and retain the essen al character of the landscape and cultural heritage.Council's current work prac ces seek to apply these principles of responsible land management under opera onal condi ons ofcon nually changing legisla ve regimes.

Many special interest groups, individual residents and interested visitors have all contributed over many years to the preserva on ofremnant bushland and the culturally significant and eye-catching landscape, the re-establishment of indigenous vegeta on, closemonitoring of water quality, control of pests and research into na ve fauna and flora.

AHC would like to thank these special interest groups for ac vely contribu ng to their community and the environment. AHC would alsolike to thank Trees for Life for gran ng permission for reproduc on and edi ng of their template.

Bush For Life is a program run by Trees For Life Inc, a not-for-profit community based organisa on, dedicated to therevegeta on of South Australia and the protec on of its remnant vegeta on.

The Bush For Life program builds capacity amongst the community to achieve tangible on-ground improvements inthe sustainability of our remnant na ve vegeta on, as well as providing specialist technical and on-ground servicesthrough its professional staff.

Since 1994 BFL has built up a volunteer base of over 600 ac ve bush carers working on more than 300 sites, equivalent to an area of over2500 ha.

A key feature of the program and a key to its success is the development of a con nuous learning pathway that builds awareness andunderstanding of ecological processes and the role of low disturbance methodology. It empowers volunteers to take direct on-groundac on by providing a number of op ons for ac ve par cipa on in on-ground ac vi es. This ranges from the adopt-a-site approach, topar cipa on in Bush Ac on Teams (BATs), Bush Management Days and other group ac vi es.

Rela onships with volunteers are developed and nurtured through a network of skilled regional coordinators and volunteers areprovided with opportuni es to further develop their skills in advanced training courses that focus on par cular habitat types, weedspecies, techniques and herbicides. BFL also places high value in training volunteers in the safe handling of tools, chemicals and work siteopera on.

BFL operates on both public lands in collabora on with local governments and other authori es, and also assists private owners ofbushland who have par cipated in its training courses.

Copyright © Trees For Life Inc 2009

All copyright subsis ng under the Copyright Act 1968 (Commonwealth) resides with Trees For Life Inc. Subject to the Copyright Act, the wri en consent ofTrees For Life is to be obtained before reproduc on, copying or transmission of the copyright material in any form or by any means. Such wri en consentmay include a requirement for appropriate acknowledgment of Trees For Life.

Trees For Life encourages community organisa ons to discuss not-for-profit use of this material for community environmental ac vi es by phoning 088406 0500 or e-mail: [email protected]


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Acknowledgements

This plan has been prepared by Sarah Telfer (T & M Ecologists Pty Ltd) with the support and input of RenaeEden and Fred Wilkey of Adelaide Hills Council.

It incorporates much of the informa on presented in previous edi ons of the Management Plan, inpar cular:

Pedler, J. (2009) Lobethal Bushland Park Management Plan. Adelaide Hills Council.

The plan integrates extensive informa on and data includeded in a reports by EAC – Ecological Evalua onPty Ltd prepared for Adelaide Hills Council:

Evalua on of Conserva on Reserves in the Adelaide Hills Council, August 2010.

Thanks are also due to he following for providing other up to date informa on on management of thereserve:

William Hannaford, District Officer Mid Torrens & Upper Onkaparinga, Natural Resources Adelaideand Mount Lo y Ranges

Danny Rohrlach, Minimal Disturbance Bushcare Priya Spencer, Regional Coordinator Bush For Life Volunteers Adelaide Hills Jo and Lewis Brickhill, Friends of Lobethal Bushland Park

Data on fauna observa ons within the vicinity of Lobethal Bushland Park were obtained from the extensiveon-line data sets of the Atlas of Living Australia.1

This report may be referenced as:T & M Ecologists Pty Ltd, 2015. Lobethal Bushland Park Vegeta on Management Plan. Adelaide HillsCouncil.

1 http://www.ala.org.au/


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Contents

SITE DETAILS.................................................................................................................... 5

KEY CONTACTS ................................................................................................................ 5

INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 0

PLAN PURPOSE................................................................................................................ 1

SITE OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................................. 1

LOCATION ....................................................................................................................... 1

SITE DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................... 5History..................................................................................................................................... 5Infrastructure and Access ....................................................................................................... 5Topography and Landform ..................................................................................................... 6Soils and Rainfall ..................................................................................................................... 6Fire .......................................................................................................................................... 6Heritage Agreement ............................................................................................................... 7Na ve Vegeta on ................................................................................................................... 7Na ve Fauna ......................................................................................................................... 11Other Site Stakeholders ........................................................................................................ 13

NATIVE VEGETATION MANAGEMENT............................................................................. 14BUSH REGENERATION........................................................................................................... 14Weed Management Priori es On Site.................................................................................. 16

VEGETATION MANAGEMENT ZONES.............................................................................. 18Summary of Bushrat Monitoring Results ............................................................................. 21Descrip on of management zones....................................................................................... 26Management Zone A (Precincts 5-2, 5-4, 5-5, 5-6)............................................................... 26Management Zone B (Precincts 5-2, 5-5, 5-6, 5-7)............................................................... 29Management Zone C (Precincts 6-4, 7-2, 7-3a) .................................................................... 31Management Zone D (Precincts 6-2, 6-3a)........................................................................... 33Management Zone E (Precinct 5-1) ...................................................................................... 35Management Zone F (Precincts 8-2, 8-3a, 9-2) .................................................................... 36Management Zone G (Precinct 5-3) ..................................................................................... 38Management Zone H (Precincts 5-1, 6-1, 7-1, 8-1, 9-1) ....................................................... 40

OTHER MANAGEMENT ACTIVITITES ............................................................................... 41Revegeta on......................................................................................................................... 41

Na ve grass seed bank....................................................................................................... 41Phytophthora preven on ..................................................................................................... 41

Phytophthora in Lobethal Bushland Park .......................................................................... 42Herbarium............................................................................................................................. 42


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Prescribed Burning - Fuel Reduc on for Biodiversity........................................................... 42Monitoring ............................................................................................................................ 42

Photopoints ........................................................................................................................ 42BushRAT ............................................................................................................................. 44

Summary of Priority Weed Ac ons and Strategies .............................................................. 455 Year Vegeta on Management Recommenda ons ........................................................... 45

USEFUL READING / REFERENCES .................................................................................... 47

APPENDIX 1: PLANT LIST ...................................................................................................

APPENDIX 2: BIRD LIST......................................................................................................

APPENDIX 3: ACTION SCHEDULE .......................................................................................

APPENDIX 4: WEED TREATMENT SCHEDULE .......................................................................

APPENDIX 5: 2015 BUSHRAT SCORESHEETS........................................................................

APPENDIX 6: WORK PLAN AND BUDGET............................................................................


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Lobethal Bushland ParkV E G E TAT I O N M ANA G EM E N T P L A N 2 0 1 5

SITEDETAILSReserve Name: Lobethal Bushland Park

Loca on: Lobethal – Gumeracha Road, Lobethal

UBD ref: 113 B6-E4

GPS ref: 305804E 6137503 N (GDA 1994 MGA Zone 54)

Site reference no: 17864 & 17866

CT/FolioCT 5696/526 Sec ons 5163, 5164 & 5165, Hd OnkaparingaCT 5733/771 Allotment 26 F 155941, Hd OnkaparingaCT 5278/580 Allotment 28 F 155943, Hd Onkaparinga

Site Owner: Adelaide Hills Council

Date established as volunteerSite:

Catchment: Upper OnkaparingaKEYCONTACTSVolunteer group Friends of Lobethal Bushland Park

Main contact person Lewis and Jo Brickhill

Phone (Work) 8389 5214 Phone (Mob.)

Postal Address P.O. Box 575, Lobethal SA 5241

Email [email protected]

Landowner/manager Adelaide Hills Council

Main contact person Renae Eden/Steve Brooks

Phone (Work) 8408 0400 Phone (Mob.) 0417 262 306/0417832405

Postal Address PO Box 44, Woodside SA 5244

Email [email protected] / [email protected]

INTRODUCTIONAustralia is one of 17 'megadiverse' countries covering less than 10% of the Earth’s surface in total, yetsuppor ng in excess of 70% or the world’s biodiversity (Mi ermeier, Robles-Gil, & Mi etmeier, 1997). Ofthese 17, Australia holds the highest diversity of endemic non-fish vertebrate diversity, and 5th highest levelof endemic vascular flora diversity. Within Australia, the Mt Lo y Ranges have been iden fied as one of 15Na onal Biodiversity Hotspots by the Australian Government, containing par cularly high levels ofbiodiversity under threat (Australian Government, 2009)

Extensive clearing for agricultural purposes and development is es mated to have le only about 14% ofpre-European vegeta on cover in the Adelaide and Mount Lo y Ranges Region, severely contrac ng thehabitat range for declining na ve fauna species, making their survival en rely dependent on remnantna ve vegeta on. Much of the remaining 14% is highly degraded and some vegeta on communi esdispropor onately cleared. This has resulted in habitat fragmenta on - small patches of na ve vegeta on,with popula ons of plants and animals that are isolated from each other. These fragments are suscep bleto “edge effects” and subject to impacts from the surrounding land use, such as housing developments,weed incursion, farming, rubbish dumps and quarries.

Without ac vely managing these remnants, they will con nue to degrade. Weed management toencourage bush regenera on is one of the most important conserva on ac vi es undertaken in theAdelaide Hills region. Where regenera on is not naturally occurring, it may be appropriate to augmentweed control with revegeta on using endemic species of local provenance.

“Protecting existing remnant vegetation is by far the most efficient way of conserving biodiversity”(Australian Conservation Foundation, 1999)


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PLANPURPOSEThis plan is primarily intended to guide on-ground bushcare work required to maintain and improveremnant na ve vegeta on on the site and provide a resource for the land owner and other stakeholders. Itdescribes and summarises:

the area under management conserva on objec ves degrading influences on the na ve vegeta on how appropriate ac ons can be taken to maintain and improve its condi on a comparison of recent and past baseline monitoring results (Bushland Rapid Assessment Technique

or BushRAT) a recommended monitoring program a 5 year costed implementa on plan defining key responsibili esSITEOBJECTIVES1. Ensure long-term conserva on of the site’s local na ve plant and animal species and habitats.2. Protect seed sources for natural regenera on and future revegeta on ac vi es.3. Maintain the integrity of the site’s na ve vegeta on and restore degraded areas.4. Where prac cal, maintain and achieve the “Desired Goal State” for each vegeta on community on

site.5. Encourage the public’s apprecia on of the na ve vegeta on and biodiversity values of the site and

provide opportuni es for the local community to con nue to be involved in its management.6. Maintain and manage boundary fuelbreak zones for the protec on of surrounding proper es, while

improving biodiversity and preven ng expansion of weed popula ons and erosion.

LOCATIONLobethal Bushland Park is approximately 40 kilometres east of Adelaide, on the northern outskirts of thetownship of Lobethal on the Lobethal – Gumeracha Road (see Figure 1). The Park is comprised of five landparcels (Figure 2) and is split in a north-south direc on by Reservoir Road, with Berry Hill Road along itsnorthern boundary.

FIGURE 1 – LOCATION OF LOBETHAL BUSHALND PARK


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FIGURE 2 – LAND PARCELS FORMING LOBETHAL BUSHLAND PARK

The site is located in the central northern part of the Adelaide Hills Council district and the nearest StatePark is the 104 hectare Porter Scrub Conservation Park which is approximately 2.5 kilometres north east ofLobethal Bushland Park.

This region has only 26%2 of the original native vegetation remaining and Lobethal Bushland Reserve issurrounded by areas of intensive human settlement. Two small, privately owned Heritage Agreements (HANo. 1439 and HA No. 1452) abut the eastern boundary of the reserve, patches of more degradedvegetation occur to the north, while western and southern boundaries are bordered predominately byagricultural land (Figure 3) .

2 Uraidla IBRA Association; Mount Lofty Ranges IBRA sub-region


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FIGURE 3 – RELATIONSHIP OF LOBETHAL BUSHLAND PARK TO OTHER VEGETATION

110 hectares of the total 118 hectares of Lobethal Bushland Park were placed under a Heritage Agreementin 1985 in order to protect its significant flora and fauna values in perpetuity. A number of plant species ofconservation significance occur within the reserve. It is also well known for containing an abundance ofnative orchid species.

The remainder of the reserve comprises a recrea onal area that includes a community centre, a barbecueand playground area located to the south of the fenced off main reserve. The area under bushland, generaltopography and current walking trails are shown in Figure 4.

There are two decommissioned reservoirs in the park that once provided the water supply to Lobethal(Reservoir 1 to the north and Reservoir 2 at the southern end).


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SITEDESCRIPTIONHistoryAboriginal HistoryThe Lobethal district was originally inhabited by the Peramangk Aboriginal people who were quicklydispossessed by the white se lers. It is likely that they were devastated or wiped out as a result ofintroduced diseases, but it is also possible that survivors integrated with the neighbouring Kaurna orNgarrindjeri tribes. By the late 19th century there were no resident tribal groups in the area (Dept ofEnvironment and Natural Resources 1997).

Post 1836Bushland Park has historically been u lised for a number of purposes. It was mined for its naturalresources for 120 years. Two reservoirs were built in the 1880’s and 1920’s to supply the Onkaparingawoollen mills and the township of Lobethal.The South Australian Engineering and Water SupplyDepartment (E&WS) managed the area for 50 years, effec vely preserving it from clearance.

The extensive logging evident in the park was a result of increased uniform manurfacturing demand duringWorld War 1. The logs were also taken for construc on of wharves in Murray Bridge and Morgan. Open cutmining was conducted for the construc on of the reservoir walls and gravel tracks within the reserve.

In the early 1980’s, the land was no longer required by the E&WS because the neighbouring towns hadbeen connected to mains water supply from the River Murray. The land was sold to the District Council ofOnkaparinga, on the understanding that a Heritage Agreement would preserve the area's natural state. StJohn's Ambulance was interested in developing a campsite on the land and Onkaparinga St John BushlandPark was opened in 1986 by Sir Donald Dunstan, the then Governor of South Australia.

Bushland Park, as it is colloquially referred to, is currently owned (since 1 July 1997) and managed byAdelaide Hills Council.

Infrastructure and AccessThere is a network of well-u lised, marked walking trails throughout the park. The track system alsoincorporates gates, bridges, bench sea ng and a lookout which is currently in a state of disrepair. Thereserve perimeter is, for the most part, fenced.

Main access points to the park are via a gate at the southern end of the reserve adjacent the smaller of thetwo reservoirs and another gate on the Gumeracha – Lobethal Road which also has a phytophthora (“rootrot”) clean down sta on.

Adelaide Hills Council maintains a slashed/graded 20-40 metre wide fuelbreak around the boundaries ofthe park.

Adjacent to the smaller reservoir at the southern end of the reserve, and excluded from the HeritageAgreement, is a more modified recrea on area that includes a playground, picnic and barbecue facili esand interpre ve signage.


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Topography and LandformLobethal Bushland Park comprises varied terrain, with gentle slopes dissected by several north-southrunning drainage/creek lines.

Al tude ranges from 450m – 520m above sea level. One of the highest points in the reserve is situated SSEof the main reservoir and has an old lookout at the top of the hill.

Soils and RainfallSoils in the northern half and south-eastern corner of the reserve comprise acidic sandy loam over brownor grey clay on rock. More central and south-western areas support an acidic loam soil over clay on rock.(NatureMaps - Soil Landscape Map Units of southern South Australia)

Annual rainfall measured at Lenswood sta on 023801 averages 1005mm per annum. Monthly rainfallpeaks in the months of June – August, and is lowest in January (Figure 5).

FIGURE 5 - AVERAGE HIGHEST, LOWEST AND MEAN RAINFALL, 1969 – 2015 (BOM, 2015)

FireFire history mapping (NatureMaps3) indicates that the Ash Wednesday bushfire in the summer of 1983stopped immediately to the north of Bushland Park and no major fires have have been recorded within thepark in recent mes.

The objec ve of fire protec on for the park is to prevent and minimise loss of assets, including valuablena ve vegeta on, as well as adjoining private and community property assets.

The proximity of the park to surrounding rural living blocks and primary produc on areas is a major factorin the management of the vegeta on along the boundaries. Designated fuel hazard reduc on zones are

3 www.naturemaps.sa.gov.au sourced June 2015

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Highest

Mean

Lowest


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maintained around the boundaries of the Parklands (Figure 4). Emergency access tracks are provided andmaintained within the park.

Regenera on and regrowth in the slashed fuelbreaks consists of a mix of both na ve and alien species andincludes some significant and/or declared weeds (e.g. Pines, Erica, Gorse). Most of the important weeds inand around the na ve vegeta on have the capacity to regenerate readily following fire or otherdisturbance, from germina on of resistant seeds or regrowth from underground parts. Cessa on ofslashing in these areas would result in significantly higher biomass of woody weeds and thus fuel risk unlessintense follow-up bushcare work was carried out for many years a er a change in management wasimplemented.

Heritage AgreementMuch of Lobethal Bushland Park (110 hectares) is protected by a Heritage Agreement. Parts that are notincluded in the Heritage Agreement are Allotment 26, the more southern allotment east of Reservoir Roadand the most southerly part of Sec on 5165 which comprises the highly modified areas around thesouthern reservoir.

“Heritage Agreements apply to conserva on areas on private land that have high biodiversity.Heritage Agreements are contracts between the landholder and the Minister for Sustainability,Environment and Conserva on to conserve the na ve vegeta on on their property; these contractsare in perpetuity. Heritage Agreements are held by private individual landholders, local councils,companies, organisa ons and socie es across South Australia.”4

The Heritage Agreement also provides opportuni es for funding of on-ground management ac vi esthrough the Na ve Vegeta on Council’s Heritage Agreement Grant Scheme.

“The NVC Heritage Agreement Grants Scheme is an opportunity for landholders to receive financialassistance to implement ecological on-ground work projects that benefit the na ve vegeta on intheir Heritage Agreement areas. All eligible landholders are encouraged to make a submission.”

Adelaide Hills Council entered into this Heritage Agreement in 1985.

Native VegetationThe term Vegeta on Community refers to the assemblage of plants that occur in a given loca on, and canbe described using Specht’s Major Vegeta on Structural Forma ons in South Australia (Cro , Pedler andMilne 2005).

The vegeta on communi es (or precincts) that occur at Lobethal Bushland Park have been described in theprevious 2009 vegeta on management plan and by EAC5 and are summarised below. (See Figure 6 formapping).

4 Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources.

5 EAC (2010). Evaluation of Conservation Reserves in the Adelaide Hills Council


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Community 1 – Eucalyptus obliqua (Messmate Stringybark) Open Woodland with exo cherb/grassland understorey

This precinct is linear, ac ng as a firebreak around the boundaries of the park. Much of the strip isslashed or mowed, with indigenous vegeta on restricted to the fringes along the boundary fence.The open areas are dominated by the introduced *Oxalis purpurea (One-o’clock) and a range ofweedy grasses and herbs.

Community 2 - Eucalyptus obliqua (Messmate Stringybark) Open Forest with open sclerophyllshrub understorey

Occurs on gentle to moderate lower hills slopes. Eucalyptus obliqua (Messmate Stringybark) is thedominant tree species with some emergent Eucalyputs dalrympleana ssp. dalrympleana(Candlebark). Acacia melanoxylon (Blackwood) is dominant in patches throughout. Daviesialeptophylla (Narrow-leaf Bi er-pea) and Pultenaea daphnoides (Large-leaf Bush Pea) are thedominant understorey shrubs with ground layer dominated by low shrubs, tussock sedges andgrasses.

Community 3 – Leptospermum con nentale ( Prickly Tea-tree) Shrubland over Juncus spp. sedges

This riparian community occurs around the main reservoir in the centre of the reserve, where thesoil is permanently saturated.

Community 3a – Eucalyptus obliqua (Messmate Stringybark) Tall Woodland with open sclerophyllshrub understorey

This precinct is in deep gullies with moderate to steep southeast facing slopes in the northern partof the park. Eucalyptus obliqua is the dominant tree species with some very large emergentEucalyptus dalrympleana ssp. dalrympleana (Candlebark) present. Acacia melanoxylon (Blackwood)and Exocarpos cupressiformis (Na ve Cherry) are the dominant tall tree understorey

Community 4 - Eucalyptus obliqua (Messmate Stringybark) +/- Eucalyptus leucoxylon ssp.leucoxylon (SA Blue Gum) Low Woodland over sclerophyllous shrub understorey and sedges.

This precinct encompasses a large oblong area and follows the hill contours along the mid-slopesonto the low hills. Eucalyptus obliqua is the dominant tree species, with the co-dominantEucalyptus leucoxylon ssp. leucoxylon. Eucalyptus dalrympleana ssp. dalrympleana is emergent to10m in height. Hakea rostrata (Beaked Hakea) and Leptospermum myrsinoides (Heath Tea-tree)form an open sclerophyllous shrub layer. The understorey is dominated by Lepidosperma semiteres(Wire Rapier-sedge), L. carphoides (Black Rapier-sedge) and Lomandra spp.

Community 5 - Eucalyptus leucoxylon ssp. leucoxylon (SA Blue Gum) Low Open Woodland withvery open shrub, tussock and grass understorey

This linear precinct has two sec ons and occurs on a gentle south-western aspect. Eucalyptusviminalis ssp. viminalis (Manna Gum) is emergent. The shrub understorey is very open and isdominated by Leptospermum myrsinoides (Heath Tea-tree) and patches of Xanthorrhoea semiplanassp. semiplana (Yacca).


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Community 6 - Eucalyptus leucoxylon ssp. leucoxylon (SA Blue Gum) Open Woodland with openshrub, tussock and grass and herb understorey

This precinct is small and oblong with two sec ons, generally on a hill rise/crest with westernaspects. Eucalyptus dalrympleana ssp. dalrympleana is emergent. Hakea rostrata (Beaked Hakea)and Olearia ramulosa (Twiggy Daisy-bush) dominate the open shrub understorey. Tussocks, grassesand herb understorey are all co-dominant.

Community 7 - Eucalyptus obliqua (Messmate Stringybark), Eucalyptus leucoxylon ssp. leucoxylon(SA Blue Gum) Low Open Woodland with very open shrub and tussock sedgeland understorey

This precinct occurs on the top of a hill in the south-eastern part of the park. Hakea rostrata(Beaked Hakea) is the dominant large shrub species with Hibber a spp. (Guinnea-flowers) formingthe low shrub layer and Lepidosperma spp. (Rapier-sedge) and Lomandra spp. sedgeland.


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Plant species of conserva on significance at Lobethal Bushland Park

A total of 194 species of na ve plants have been recorded at Lobethal Bushland Park, of which 12 are ofconserva on significance (Table 1).

For a full flora list, refer to Appendix 1.

TABLE 1- PLANT SPECIES OF CONSERVATION SIGNICANCE ON SITE

Species Common name Conserva on Ra ng*

EPBC SA MLR6

Acrotriche fasciculiflora Mount Lo y Ground Berry NTAustros pa muelleri Tangled Spear-grass RACymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear’s-ear NTEucalyptus dalrympleana ssp.dalrympleana

Candlebark Gum RA RA

Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. viminalis Manna Gum RA VUGlycine latrobeana Clover Glycine VU VU RAHypericum japonicum Ma ed St John’s Wort RA VULagenophora gracilis Slender Lagenifera VU VULuzula flaccida Pale Wood-rush VU RAPoa umbricola Shade Tussock-grass RA RAPterostylis cucullata Leafy Greenhood VU VU ENPterostylis curta Blunt Greenhood RA RA*KEY TO CONSERVATION RATINGSX Extinct/Presumed extinct: not located despite thorough searching of all known and likely habitats; known to have been

eliminated by the loss of localised population(s); or not recorded for more than 50 years from an area where substantial habitatmodification has occurred.

EN Endangered: rare and in danger of becoming extinct in the wild.TH Threatened: likely to be either Endangered or Vulnerable but insufficient data available for more precise assessment.VU Vulnerable: rare and at risk from potential threats or long term threats that could cause the species to become endangered in

the future.K Uncertain: likely to be either Threatened or Rare but insufficient data available for a more precise assessment.RA Rare: has a low overall frequency of occurrence (may be locally common with a very restricted distribution or may be scattered

sparsely over a wider area). Not currently exposed to significant or widespread threats, but warrants monitoring and protect ivemeasures to prevent reduction of population sizes.

U Uncommon: less common species of interest but not rare enough to warrant special protective measures.NT Near Threatened

Native FaunaA total of 89 bird species have been reported7 within 1km of Lobethal Bushland Park (including four introducedspecies), many of which will be expected to be found at times on the reserve. A full bird list is included inAppendix 2.

6 The Regional Species Conservation Assessments (RSCA) were carried out on a regional basis using DEWNR regions current in September2007.

7 Atlas of Living Australia. http://biocache.ala.org.au/explore/your-area#-35.0434931|138.75992110000004|12|ALL_SPECIES and MPBG records.


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Reptile and frog species for which suitable habitat is considered to be present include:

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME NPWSA EPBC

Previously recorded inLobethal BushlandPark

Eastern BeardedDragon Pogona barbataMarbled Gecko Christinus marmoratusLined Worm-lizard Aprasia striolataCommon Scaly-foot Pygopus lepidopodusEastern Three-linedSkink Bassiana duperreyiSpotted Ctenotus Ctenotus orientalisThree-toed EarlessSkink Hemiergis decresiensis YGarden Skink Lampropholis guichenoti YBougainville's Skink Lerista bougainvilliiSleepy Lizard Tiliqua rugosaEastern Bluetongue Tiliqua scincoidesPygmy Copperhead Austrelaps labialisLittle Whip Snake Parasuta flagellumRed-bellied Black Snake Pseudechis porphyriacus YEastern Brown Snake Pseudonaja textilis YBrown Tree Frog Litoria ewingiiCommon Froglet Crinia signifera YBanjo Frog Limnodynastes dumerilii

Spotted Marsh FrogLimnodynastestasmaniensis

Burrowing frog Neobatrachus pictusBrown Toadlet Pseudophryne bibronii Rare

Other observations and records (including historical records) of mammal species within 1km of LobethalBushland Park include:

Macropus fuliginosus : Western Grey Kangaroo Pseudocheiris peregrinus : Common Ringtail Possum Tachyglossus aculeatus : Short-beaked Echidna

The site has suitable habitat for the following fauna species of conserva on significance as listed in Table 2.


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TABLE 2- FAUNA SPECIES OF CONSERVATION SIGNICANCE POTENTIALLY PRESENT ON THE SITE

Species Common name Evidence?SuitableHabitat

Conserva on Ra ngEPBC SA MLR8

MammalsIsodon obesulus Southern Brown

BandicootDiggingsrecorded in2009managementplan

Precinct 2 E V EN

Trichosurus vulpecula Common BrushtailPossum

R

BirdsCalamanthuspyrrhopygius

Chestnut-rumpedHeathwren (MLRsubspecies

EAC 2010 Precinct 3a,4, 7

E EN

Calyptorhynchusfunereus

Yellow-tailed BlackCockatoo

EAC 2010 Precinct 2,3a, 4, 5, 6

V VU

Chalcites lucidus Shining Bronze-cuckoo Heard inPrecinct 3a

Precinct 2,3a, 4, 5, 6

U RA

Cormobates leucopaeus White-throatedTreecreeper

EAC 2010 Precinct 2,3a, 4, 5, 6

U NT

Falcunculus frontatus Crested Shrike- t EAC 2010 Precinct 1 R ENMelithreptus gularis Black-chinned

HoneyeaterEAC 2010 Precinct 1 V CR

Myiagra inquieta Restless Flycatcher EAC 2010 Precinct 1 R CRPardalotus punctatus Spo ed Pardalote EAC 2010 Precinct 2,

3a, 4, 5, 6U NT

Petroica mul color Scarlet Robin Sighted & heardin Precinct 2 &3a.

Precinct 1, 2,3a, 4, 5, 6

R VU

Phaps elegans Brush Bronzewing EAC 2010 Precinct 3a,4, 5, 6, 7

U RA

Strepera versicolor Grey Currawong EAC 2010 Precinct 3a,4, 5, 6

U LC

Zoothera lunulata Bassian Thrush Sighted inPrecinct 3a

Precinct 3a,4, 5

R EN

Other Site StakeholdersThe following people/groups also have a role or interest in the management of this site.

8 The Regional Species Conservation Assessments (RSCA) were carried out on a regional basis using DEWNR regions current in September2007.


14

Name stakeholder/group Role or project

Adelaide Hills Council Land Manager

Mows fire break annually or twice per year.

Undertake annual Woody Weed Control Program

Friends of Lobethal Bushland Park Undertake regular weed control working bees

Trees for Life Bush for Life Minimal disturbance bushcare undertaken east ofReservoir Road

Natural Resources Adelaide and Mount Lo yRanges

Pays contractors to control declared weed species inthe reserve.

State Government Lobethal Bushland Park is protected by a HeritageAgreement (a privately owned conserva on area)

Broader Community Most community use is in the developedbarbeque/picnic area and playground adjacent to thesouthern reservoir. There is also a community hall (forhire) in this area.

There is widespread informal use of Bushland Park bywalkers and this informal use is associated with anetwork of tracks.NATIVEVEGETATIONMANAGEMENT

BUSH REGENERATIONBush Regenera on PrinciplesWhen the principles below are put into prac ce, large areas of bushland can be worked upon even when

me is limited. Large areas of good bushland are the easiest to work on; there are usually fewer weedspresent, as there is less opportunity for them to establish in good na ve ground cover.

Principle 1 - Work From the Good Na ve Vegeta on Outward Towards Weed Infested Areas

The most effec ve method of weed control in bushland is to start from the best quality bushland and worktowards the weedier areas, ensuring that the best quality na ve vegeta on is protected first. Keepingweeds out of good quality bushland is much more efficient than trying to eradicate an infesta on.Remember to focus on the na ve vegeta on you are trying to protect and not the weeds you are trying toget rid of – do not become weed focused.

The overlying principle is to only remove weeds if a na ve plant will be advantaged. The excep ons to thisare new weeds to the site and highly threatening weeds like bridal creeper.


15

By removing isolated individual weeds in areas of good vegeta on, large areas can be maintained with lesseffort. This denies these weeds the opportunity to set seed and become established, while also giving thena ve plants a chance to spread by reclaiming areas, either via new seeds and spores or by seed wai ng inthe ground for an opportunity to germinate a er compe on is removed. This method has shown goodresults on many sites in South Australia over many years.

Principle 2 - Minimise Disturbance to Exis ng Plants and SoilMost weed infesta ons have resulted from either natural or human disturbance of the soil. With their highnumbers of seed and vigour, weeds are able to take advantage of disturbed ground more quickly than mostna ve species. Weed carefully using hand tools or targeted herbicide applica on. Tamp down and replaceleaf li er over any soil disturbances.

Weeds should be controlled using minimum disturbance techniques. These include:

• careful hand weeding (par cularly useful near threatened plant species);• hand spraying using Glyphosate;• wiping foliage of broadleaf weeds and strappy-leaved bulbous weeds using Glyphosate;• the cut and swab technique for woody weeds that are too large to be hand weeded;• drilling and filling for larger woody weeds; and• strategic slashing to control annual grasses and prevent seeding on perennial grasses.

Principle 3 - Avoid Over ClearingOver clearing will result in more follow up work than is necessary and may also cause erosion. Weeds willalmost invariably re-colonise the cleared area, whether it be the same species from the large quan ty ofseed in the soil, or possibly one that is even more difficult to control coming in. You should work in areaswhere na ve plants are able to spread into, such as:

• halos around na ve plants (spot regenera on)• narrow strips along the edge of good quality na ve vegeta on• peninsulas surrounded by good quality na ve vegeta on on either side

Remember to allow the na ve plant regrowth to stabilise before extending further, making sure that youdo notwork too fast for natural regenera on to occur. Err on the side of cau on and consider the possibleconsequences of your ac ons. Weeding the same ground over and over, with li le na ve plantregenera on to show for it, can be very demoralising.

Bush Regenera on StrategiesIn prac cal terms, the principles outlined above are applied via the strategies outlined below.

1. Remove Isolated Weeds in Good Na ve Vegeta on

By patrolling and removing isolated weeds in good vegeta on before they have a chance to seed andincrease, the good areas can be maintained with li le me and effort. Na ve plants can then germinate inthese spaces. Spending all of your me and effort clearing large patches of weeds in more degraded areasgives the isolated weeds a chance to establish in the good vegeta on. It can also result in over clearing inthe weedy areas.


16

2. Create Weed Fronts and Work Along Them

A weed front is created by removing isolated and outlying weeds in good vegeta on first and graduallyworking towards the weed infesta on where the weeds are dense. The edge of this dense infesta on thenbecomes the weed front. Once consolidated, work should then con nue along the weed front, only movingfurther into the patch of weeds when the na ve plants have recovered and begun filling in the gaps. Weedfronts may wander and meander for hundreds of metres.

Working too far into weed fronts o en results in soil disturbance and over clearance, providingopportuni es for other weeds to take over because there are less na ve plants present deeper into theweed front. The few na ves that remain are more likely to be out competed by weed species that rapidlycolonise the void created by excessive weed removal.

Weed fronts are usually easier to iden fy and establish when targe ng herbaceous weeds such asperennial veldt grass, soursob, watsonia, freesia and the like because they are smaller and tend to spreadslowly. More difficult to establish are fronts for weeds that mul ply quickly over large distances, o enspread by birds and other animals or the wind. In these cases it is s ll important to remove individual plantsor outlier popula ons in the good vegeta on first, and then work towards the dense infesta on.

Shadow weed fronts can be created by removing parts of the remaining weeds along the weed front tominimise reinfesta on e.g. removing seed heads from weedy grasses or watsonia by slashing, or cu ngback broom/gorse flowers or blackberry canes.

3. Rescue Isolated Na ve Plants Within Patches of Weeds

Where isolated na ve plants struggle amongst a host of weeds, gently and gradually remove thecompe on allowing them room to grow, reproduce and eventually all join together. This technique canalso be used to protect small popula ons or individuals of a threatened species in weedy areas. Remembernot to over clear, as it can be difficult to tell whether the na ve plant was surviving in spite of the weeds orbecause they were protec ng it, e.g. from rabbits.

4. Prevent Weed Spread

Where appropriate remove any parts of the weed that may reproduce e.g. seeds, bulbs, bulbils, corms,cormlets and roots. However, do not get caught up trying to remove these in large infesta ons. It is moreimportant where there are only one or a few weeds in good areas of na ve vegeta on or along weedfronts. Seek advice on how to dispose of weeds in an appropriate manner. Clean equipment, clothing andboots before leaving the site so that seeds are not transported to other loca ons.

5. Remove All Priority Weed Species From Areas Being Worked In

It is a waste of me removing one species of weed if it just makes room for another that may be equally asbad or worse! Your ini al progress may seem slower, but you may save hours of follow up work later.

Weed Management Priorities On SiteThe weeds of greatest concern on the site and their priority for control are listed below in Table 3. A list ofall weeds recorded on the site is provided in Appendix 1.


17

TABLE 3 - PRIORITY WEEDS

Species Common nameRed AlertWeed Proclaimed

Acacia longifolia ssp. longifolia Sydney Golden Wa le Y N

Chamaecy sus palmensis Tree Lucerne Y N

Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle Y Y

Cotoneaster sp. Y N

Erica arborea/lusitanica Erica Y Y

Genista monspessulana Montpellier Broom Y Y

Gomphocarpus cancellatus Broad-leaf Co on-bush Y N

Grevillea rosmarinofolia ssp. rosmarinifolia Rosemary Grevillea Y N

Onopordum acanthium Scotch Thislte Y N

Oxalis pes-caprae Soursob Y Y

Pinus radiata Radiata Pine Y N

Pi osporum undulatum Sweet Pi osporum Y N

Rosa canina Dog Rose Y Y

Rubus anglocandicans Blackberry Y Y

Senecio pterophorus African Daisy Y N

Ulex europaeus Gorse Y Y

Some weeds are be er treated at different mes, others have a limited me before treatment becomesineffec ve and some are more invasive than others. Understanding these issues will enable volunteers toefficiently manage the bushland on this site. A 5 year weed treatment schedule for priori za on and mingof treatments on priority weeds is given in Appendix 3. This guide will assist in maximising the efficiency ofwork undertaken. It should be noted that it will not necessarily follow that, for example, a Priority Oneweed in one management zone will have equal weigh ng as a Priority One weed in another managementzone. It is important to understand that the management zone with the higher quality, or more significant,na ve vegeta on will tend to be the higher priority.

A weed treatment summary table showing methods and seasons for weed control for the key species foundon site is given in Appendix 4. This table is only a guide and weed control work will need to take intoaccount local condi ons and seasonal varia ons.


18

VEGETATIONMANAGEMENTZONESVegeta on management zones for Lobethal Bushland Park essen ally follow those described in theprevious 2009 Management Plan, with the addi on of Management Zone G (surrounding the mainreservoir) and a slightly different treatment of the fuel reduced/firebreak zones (Mangement Zones E andH), based on AHC’s current management regime of, and vision for, these areas.

Delinea on of management zones is based largely on the type of vegeta on present and the condi on ofthe vegeta on. Informa on and data gathered as part of the Bushland Rapid Assessment (BushRAT)carried out in 20109 and re-assessed in 201510 has also been incorporated into the management zoningprocess and the BushRAT ‘Precincts’ are defined in Figure 7.

Management zones are shown in Figure 8.

9 EAC – Ecological Evaluation, 2010. Evaluation of Conservation Reserves in the Adelaide Hills Council.

10 T&M Ecologists


19


20

Summary of Bushrat Monitoring ResultsBushRAT Monitoring was undertaken in Lobethal Bushland Park in August/September of 2010 by EAC – Ecological Evalua on. As part of theupdate of this management plan the area was re-monitored using the same BushRAT methodology in June 2015. Note that original 2010assessments were applied broadly across precincts, whereas in 2015 Management Units were more intensively surveyed. Table 4 summarises the2015 scores and Table 5 summarises the 2010 scores.

A comparison of the scores shows that there has been an overall improvement in the condi on of the vegeta on in the last five years due tointensive weed control investment. However, weed scores have increased in Precincts 8-2 and 9-2 to the west of Reservoir Road due to theincursion of Dog Rose and Blackberry along the creeklines and other Red Alert weeds such as Cotoneaster, Tree Lucerne and Gorse sca eredthroughout.

Results of the latest series of BushRAT monitoring are presented graphically in Figure . Scoresheets for the 2015 Bushrat assessments areprovided in Appendix 6.

TABLE 4 - SUMMARY OF BUSHRAT SCORES 2015 – ALL PRECINCTS11

Vegetation Precinctsidentified on site (refer toFigure 6)

Con

serv

atio

nSi

gnifi

canc

eSc

ore

Vegetation community

Ass

igne

d“B

ench

mar

k”V

eget

atio

nC

omm

unity

Wee

d sc

ore

Size

(ha)

Veg

etat

ion

Con

ditio

n Sc

ore

Land

scap

eC

onte

xt S

core

Uni

t Bio

dvie

rsity

Scor

e

Tota

lBio

dive

rsity

Scor

e

Dat

e Bu

shR

AT

Dat

a co

llect

ed

Precinct 5-1Precinct 6-1Precinct 7-1Precinct 8-1Precinct 9-1

1110101010

Eucalyptus obliqua Open Woodland with exoticherb/grass understorey

SMLR1 3030303030

65313

3434343434

9119118

5455535552

324.5287.1161.789.1171.1

1/6/15


1011111010

Eucalyptus obliqua Open Forest with opensclerophyll understorey

SMLR1 2020203535

133141263.65

6565656161

111011910

8686878081

905.611831049493.6295.7

1/6/15

Precinct 5-3 12 Leptopermum continentale Shrubland over Juncusspp. sedges

SMLR 6.1 28 3 49 11 72 180 1/6/15

11 T&M Ecologists Pty Ltd.


22

Vegetation Precinctsidentified on site (refer toFigure 6)

Con

serv

atio

nSi

gnifi

canc

eSc

ore


Ass

igne

d“B

ench

mar

k”V

eget

atio

nC

omm

unity

Wee

d sc

ore

Size

(ha)

Veg

etat

ion

Con

ditio

n Sc

ore

Land

scap

eC

onte

xt S

core

Uni

t Bio

dvie

rsity

Scor

e

Tota

lBio

dive

rsity

Scor

e

Dat

e Bu

shR

AT

Dat

a co

llect

ed

Precinct 6-3aPrecinct 7-3aPrecinct 8-3a

212120

Eucalyptus obliqua Tall Woodland over tall opensclerophyll shrub understorey

SMLR 1 202035

952

636359

111111

959590

838.9438149.4

1/6/15

Precinct 5-4Precinct 6-4

1918

Eucalyptus obliqua, E. leucoxylon ssp. leucoxylonLow Woodland over open sclerophyll shrubs andsedges

SMLR 1 3030

97

5858

1011

87 784.7584.6

1/6/15

Precinct 5-5 18 Eucalyptus leucoxylon ssp. leucoxylon Low OpenWoodland with very open shrub, sedge and grassunderstorey

SMLR 1 22 5 57 11 87 405.9 10/6/15

Precinct 5-6 6 Eucalyptus leucoxylon ssp. leucoxylon OpenWoodland with open shrub, sedge, grass andherb understorey

SMLR 1 19 2 63 11 80 184 10/6/2015

Precinct 5-7 4 Eucalyptus obliqua , E. leucoxylon ssp. leucoxylonLow Open Woodland over very open shrubs andsedges

SMLR 1 14 1 66 11 81 109.4 1/6/2015

TABLE 5 - SUMMARY OF BUSHRAT SCORES 2010 – ALL PRECINCTS12

Vegetation Precinctsidentified on site (referto Figure 6)

Con

serv

atio

nSi

gnif

ican

ceSc

ore


Ass

igne

d“B

ench

mar

k”V

eget

atio

nC

omm

unity

Wee

d sc

ore

Size

(ha

)

Veg

etat

ion

Con

ditio

n Sc

ore

Land

scap

eC

onte

xt S

core

Uni

tBi

odvi

ersi

tySc

ore

Tota

lBi

odiv

ersi

tySc

ore

Dat

e Bu

shR

AT

Dat

a co

llect

ed


1010101010

Eucalyptus obliqua Open Woodland with exoticherb/grass understorey

SMLR1 2121212121

65313

2929292929

9119118

4850485047

288.48261146.481154.63

10/8/10

12 EAC – Ecological Evaluation 2010. . Evaluation of Conservation Reserves in the Adelaide Hills Council.


23

Vegetation Precinctsidentified on site (referto Figure 6)

Con

serv

atio

nSi

gnif

ican

ceSc

ore


Ass

igne

d“B

ench

mar

k”V

eget

atio

nC

omm

unity

Wee

d sc

ore

Size

(ha

)

Veg

etat

ion

Con

ditio

n Sc

ore

Land

scap

eC

onte

xt S

core

Uni

tBi

odvi

ersi

tySc

ore

Tota

lBi

odiv

ersi

tySc

ore

Dat

e Bu

shR

AT

Dat

a co

llect

ed


1010101010

Eucalyptus obliqua Open Forest with opensclerophyll understorey

SMLR1 2020202020

133141263.65

6464646464

111011910

8584858384

895.051155.841025.1512.11306.6

10/8/10

Precinct 5-3 10 Leptopermum continenatale Shrubland overJuncus spp. sedges

SMLR 6.1 21 3 34 11 55 137.5 10/8/10

Precinct 6-3aPrecinct 7-3aPrecinct 8-3a

121212

Eucalyptus obliqua Tall Woodland over tallopen sclerophyll shrub understorey

SMLR 1 202020

952

545454

111111

777777

679.91354.97127.82

10/8/10

Precinct 5-4Precinct 6-4

1818

Eucalyptus obliqua, E. leucoxylon ssp. leucoxylonLow Woodland over open sclerophyll shrubsand sedges

SMLR 1 1818

97

5757

1011

8576

766.7510.72

10/8/10

Precinct 5-5 17 Eucalyptus leucoxylon ssp. leucoxylon LowOpen Woodland with very open shrub, sedgeand grass understorey

SMLR 1 18 5 5129

11 79 372.88 10/8/10

Precinct 5-6 6 Eucalyptus leucoxylon ssp. leucoxylon OpenWoodland with open shrub, sedge, grass andherb understorey

SMLR 1 15 2 56 11 73 167.9 10/8/10

Precinct 5-7 4 Eucalyptus obliqua , E. leucoxylon ssp.leucoxylon Low Open Woodland over veryopen shrubs and sedges

SMLR 1 10 1 57 11 72 97.2 10/8/10

FIGURE 9 - BUSHRAT MONITORING COMPARATIVE MAPS

Unit Biodiversity Score

Green = High >75, Yellow = Medium 55-74, Red = Low 0-54

Weed cover x invasion threat category

Green = <20, Yellow = 21-30, Red = 30-50


25

Conserva on Significance

Green = >20, Yellow = 11-20, Red = Low <10


26

Description of management zones

Management Zone A (Precincts 5-2, 5-4, 5-5, 5-6)Area: 10ha Av. Unit Biodiversity Score: 85Objective: Maintenance of vegetation quality and prevention of new weed invasion anderadication of existing weeds.Strategies:

Minimal disturbance bush regeneration.

No revegetation required.

Precinct 5-4: Eucalyptus obliqua, E. leucoxylon Woodland Precinct 5-6: Eucalyptus leucoxylon Woodland

Na ve Vegeta on

The vegeta on in this zone is recorded as:

Eucalyptus obliqua (Messmate Stringybark) Open Forest (Precinct 5-2) occurs on generallysouth to east facing aspects on gentle to moderate lower hill slopes. There is sca eredemergent Eucalyptus dalrympleana ssp. dalrympleana (Candlebark) and Acacia melanoxylon(Blackwood) is dominant in patches throughout. Daviesia leptophylla (Narrow-leaf Bi er-pea)and Pultenaea daphnoides (Large-leaf Bush-pea) are the dominant understorey shrubs with theground layer dominated by low shrubs, tussocks and grasses. The ground component comprisesna ve plants and dense leaf li er. Plant species diversity is very high.This associa on tends tobe very intact with woody weed species largely confined to track edges or the odd sca eredindividual.

Eucalyptus obliqua, E. leucoxylon ssp. leucoxylon Woodland/Low Woodland (Precinct 5-4)follows the hill contours along the mid-slopes and onto the low hills. There is sca eredemergent Eucalyptus dalrympleana ssp. dalrympleana (Candlebark) present and Hakea rostrata(Beaked Hakea) and Leptospermum myrsinoides (Heath Tea-tree) form an open sclerophyllousshrub layer. The ground layer is dominated by Lepidosperma semiteres (Wire Rapier-sedge),Lepidosperma carphoides (Black Rapier-sedge) and Lomandra spp. (Mat rushes). Plant speciesdiversity is high. Popula ons of Gorse and Blackberry are present along the creekline andadjacent the fuelbreak, with other woody weeds present in very low individual numbers.


27

Eucalyptus leucoxylon ssp. leucoxylon Low Open Woodland (Precinct 5-5) occurs on a gentlesouth-western aspect. Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. viminalis is emergent. The shrub understorey isopen and dominated by Leptospermum myrsinoides (Heath Tea-tree) and patches ofXanthorrhoea semiplana ssp. semiplana (Yacca). The ground layer comprises tussock grassesand sedges. Leaf li er cover is high and the plant species diversity is very high. There are somelarger patches of Gorse and Blackberry, par cularly towards the southern reservoir and close tothe firebreak.

Eucalyptus leucoxylon ssp. leucoxylon Low Woodland (Precinct 5-6) occurs on a hill rise/crestwith western aspects. There is sca ered emergent Eucalyptus dalrympleana ssp. dalrympleana(Candlebark) present and Hakea rostrata (Beaked Hakea) and Olearia ramulosa (Twiggy Daisy-bush) dominate the open shrub uderstorey. The ground layer is comprised of na ve tussocks,grasses and herbs. Plant species diversity is moderate. Low numbers/densi es of weeds wererecorded and they are largely confined to the creekline and walking trails.

Current and Recent Management

Contract bushcare has been undertaken in this zone in recent years, par cularly along the two maingullies (‘Fern Gully’ and ‘Bu erfly Gully’), south-western edge and north of the small reservoir on thesouthern boundary.

Key Management Ac ons Required

Issue Extent of occurrence Recommenda on Time of year

Gorse Increasingfrequencies anddensi es towards thesouth-westerncorner, above thesouthern dam andalong the westernfirebreak boundary

Con nue working on weedfrontsworking from highest quality vegeta onto more infested areas.

Search and re-treat areas treated inprevious years to ensure regrowth doesnot occur. Monitor slashing andherbicide trials undertaken inMarch/April 2015 and con nue withthese methods if successful.

Hand-weed in we ermonths; cut/ swab anddrill/fill can beundertaken all year.

Blackberry Small sca erdpatches and seedlingsalong gullies andlower slopes

Find and remove sca ered smallBlackberry runners along riparian areasand on lower slopes.

Patrol whole zone annually for otheroutbreaks and remove using minimaldisturbance methods immediately andfollow-up.

Cut and swab, spot spray, hand pullsmaller seedlings.

Summer

Dog Rose,Montpellier

Widely sca eredindividuals,

Patrol the zone annually.

Cut and swab, drill and fill, spot spray,

Hand-weed in we ermonths; cut/ swab and


28

Broom par cularly in we erareas

hand pull smaller seedlings. drill/fill can beundertaken all year

Isolatedoutbreaks ofRed AlertWoody Weeds(i.e. Dog Rose,SweetPi osporum,Sydney Wa le,Radiata Pine).

Very low occurrence. Patrol the en re zone annually to checkfor and treat any isolated occurrencesof Red Alert Woody Weeds.

Opportunis c

African Daisy Sca ered throughout Hand weed

Cut and swab

Spring

Yorkshire Fog,Cocksfoot

Gullies, creekline Brushcut larger stands to enable spotspray of regrowth as clumps re-sprout.

Spot spray clumps. Leave debris in situ.

Hand pull

Cut and swab

Spring/early Summer


29

Management Zone B (Precincts 5-2, 5-5, 5-6, 5-7)Area: 16 ha Av. Unit Biodiversity Score: 83Objective: Maintenance of vegetation quality and prevention of new weed invasion anderadication of existing weeds.Strategies:



Na ve Vegeta on


Eucalyptus obliqua (Messmate Stringybark) Open Forest (Precinct 5-2) occurs on generallysouth to east facing aspects on gentle to moderate lower hill slopes. There is sca eredemergent Eucalyptus dalrympleana ssp. dalrympleana (Candlebark) and Acacia melanoxylon(Blackwood) is dominant in patches throughout. Daviesia leptophylla (Narrow-leaf Bi er-pea)and Pultenaea daphnoides (Large-leaf Bush-pea) are the dominant understorey shrubs with theground layer dominated by low shrubs, tussocks and grasses. The ground component comprisesna ve plants and dense leaf li er. Plant species diversity is very high.This associa on tends tobe very intact with woody weed species largely confined to track edges or as widely sca eredindividuals.

Eucalyptus leucoxylon ssp. leucoxylon Low Open Woodland (Precinct 5-5) occurs on a gentlesouth-western aspect. Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. viminalis is emergent. The shrub understorey isopen and dominated by Leptospermum myrsinoides (Heath Tea-tree) and patches ofXanthorrhoea semiplana ssp. semiplana (Yacca). The ground layer comprises tussock grassesand sedges. Leaf li er cover is high and the plant species diversity is very high. There are smallpatches of Blackberry south of the large reservoir. Other weeds tend to be confined to tracksand we er gullies.

Precinct 5-5: Eucalyptus leucoxylon ssp. leucoxylonLow Open Woodland with E. dalrympleana and E.viminalis ssp. viminalis

Precinct 5-7: Eucalyptus obliqua, E. leucoxylon LowWoodland/Open Woodland


30

Eucalyptus leucoxylon ssp. leucoxylon Low Woodland (Precinct 5-6) occurs on a hill rise/crestwith western aspects. There is sca ered emergent Eucalyptus dalrympleana ssp. dalrympleana(Candlebark) present and Hakea rostrata (Beaked Hakea) and Olearia ramulosa (Twiggy Daisy-bush) dominate the open shrub uderstorey. The ground layer is comprised of na ve tussocks,grasses and herbs. Plant species diversity is moderate. Low numbers/densi es of weeds wererecorded and they are largely confined to the creekline and walking trails.

Eucalyptus obliqua, E. leucoxylon ssp. leucoxylon Low Woodland/Low Open Woodland(Precinct 5-7). This community occurs on the crest and upper hills slopes on the highest point inthe reserve, around the old lookout. Hakea rostrata (Beaked Hakea) is the dominant largeshrub species with Hibber a spp. (Guinnea-flower) forming the low shrub layer, along withLepidosperma spp. Na ve plant species is moderately high and weed species are sparselypresent.


Contract bushcare has been undertaken in this zone in recent years.



Gorse and Blackberry Patches alongsouthern edgeadjacent smallreservoir

Con nue working on weedfrontsfrom highest quality vegeta onto more infested areas.

Blackberry –late summer

Gorse - hand-weed in we ermonths; cut/swab anddrill/fill can beundertaken allyear.

Isolated outbreaks ofRed Alert WoodyWeeds (i.e.Rosemary Grevillea,Dog Rose, SweetPi osporum, SydneyWa le, ).

Very low occurrence. Patrol the en re zone annuallyto check for and treat anyisolated occurrences of Red AlertWoody Weeds.

All year

African Daisy Sca ered matureindividuals andseedlings throughout

Hand weed, we er months

Cut and swab

Autum tospring


31

Management Zone C (Precincts 6-4, 7-2, 7-3a)Area: 30 ha Av. Unit Biodiversity Score: 90Objective: Maintenance of vegetation quality and prevention of new weed invasionand eradication of existing weeds.Strategies:



Na ve Vegeta on


Eucalyptus obliqua (Messmate Stringybark) Open Forest (Precinct 7-2) occurs on generallysouth to east facing aspects on gentle to moderate lower hill slopes. There is sca eredemergent Eucalyptus dalrympleana ssp. dalrympleana (Candlebark) and Acacia melanoxylon(Blackwood) is dominant in patches throughout. Daviesia leptophylla (Narrow-leaf Bi er-pea)and Pultenaea daphnoides (Large-leaf Bush-pea) are the dominant understorey shrubs with theground layer dominated by low shrubs, tussocks and grasses. The ground component comprisesna ve plants and dense leaf li er. Plant species diversity is very high.This associa on tends tobe very intact with woody weed species largely confined to track and firebreak edges, wetgullies (most notably Blackberry) or as widely sca ered individuals.

Eucalyptus obliqua Tall Woodland (Precinct 7-3a) occurs in the deep gully with moderate tosteep slopes facing south-east. There is sca ered emergent Eucalyptus dalrympleana ssp.dalrympleana (Candlebark) and some of the large trees are indica ve of the Tall Open Forestwhich would have once been present. Acacia melanoxylon (Blackwood) and Exocarposcupressiformis (Na ve Cherry) are the dominant small tree understorey. The groundcomponent is mostly leaf li er, microphy c crust and na ve plants. Na ve plant speciesdiversity is moderately high. Some areas where moisture is seasonally present have patches ofBlackberry, Gorse and Montpellier Broom.

Precinct 7-3a: Eucalyptus obliqua Tall Woodland Precinct 7-3a Eucalyptus obliqua Tall Woodland withemergent E. dalrympleana


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Eucalyptus obliqua, E. leucoxylon ssp. leucoxylon Low Woodland (Precinct 6-4). Thiscommunity follows the hill contours along the mid-slopes and onto the low hlls. There issca ered emergent Eucalyptus dalrympleana ssp. dalrympleana (Candlebark) and Hakearostrata (Beaked Hakea) and Leptospermum myrsinoides (Heath Tea-tree) form an opensclerophyllous shrub layer. The ground layer is dominated by Lepidosperma semiteres (WireRapier-sedge), Lepidosperma carphoides (Black Rapier-sedge) and Lomandra spp. (Mat rushes).Plant species diversity is high. Popula ons of Gorse and Blackberry are present along thecreekline and adjacent the fuelbreak, with other woody weeds present in very low individualnumbers.


Contract bushcare has been undertaken in this zone in recent years, par cularly along the north-easterngully.



Blackberry Small sca erd patches andseedlings along the gullyand lower slopes

Cut and swab, spot spray, hand pullsmaller seedlings (summer me).

Summer

Radiata Pine Previosuly treated in uppergully

Patrol annually upper gully andsurrounds. Hand pull seedlings, cutand swab, drill and fill largerspecimens.

Any me ofyear.

African Daisy Sca ered matureindividuals and seedlingsthroughout

Hand weed; Cut and swab. Autum tospring

Isolated outbreaks ofRed Alert WoodyWeeds (i.e. Dog Rose,Sweet Pi osporum,Sydney Wa le,Broad-leaf Co on-bush, fruit trees).

Very low occurrence. Patrol the en re zone annually tocheck for and treat any isolatedoccurrences of Red Alert WoodyWeeds.

All year, onanopportunis cbasis


33

Management Zone D (Precincts 6-2, 6-3a)Area: 19 ha Av. Unit Biodiversity Score: 90Objective: Maintenance of vegetation quality and prevention of new weed invasion anderadication of existing weeds.Strategies:



Na ve Vegeta on


Eucalyptus obliqua (Messmate Stringybark) Open Forest (Precinct 6-2) occurs on generallysouth to east facing aspects on gentle to moderate lower hill slopes. There is sca eredemergent Eucalyptus dalrympleana ssp. dalrympleana (Candlebark) and Acacia melanoxylon(Blackwood) is dominant in patches throughout. Daviesia leptophylla (Narrow-leaf Bi er-pea)and Pultenaea daphnoides (Large-leaf Bush-pea) are the dominant understorey shrubs with theground layer dominated by low shrubs, tussocks and grasses. The ground component comprisesna ve plants and dense leaf li er. Plant species diversity is very high.This associa on tends tobe very intact with woody weed species largely confined to track and firebreak edges, wetgullies (most notably Blackberry) or as widely sca ered individuals.

Eucalyptus obliqua Tall Woodland (Precinct 6-3a) occurs in the deep gully with moderate tosteep slopes facing south-east. There is sca ered emergent Eucalyptus dalrympleana ssp.dalrympleana (Candlebark) and some of the large trees are indica ve of the Tall Open Forestwhich would have once been present. Acacia melanoxylon (Blackwood) and Exocarposcupressiformis (Na ve Cherry) are the dominant small tree understorey. The groundcomponent is mostly leaf li er, microphy c crust and na ve plants. Na ve plant speciesdiversity is moderately high. Some areas where moisture is seasonally present have patches ofBlackberry, Gorse and Montpellier Broom.

Precinct 6-2: Pterostylis robusta basals Precinct 6-3a Poa umbricola amongst Blackberry


34


Contract bushcare has been undertaken in this zone in recent years, par cularly along and adjacent tothe gullies.



Blackberry Small sca erd patches andseedlings alongcreekline/gully and lowerslopes

Cut and swab, spot spray, hand pullsmaller seedlings.

Summer

Gorse Upper NW gully Revisit and retreat recently treatedareas; push weed front upstream.

Hand-weedin we ermonths; cut/swab anddrill/fill canbeundertakenall year.

Dog Rose Upper NW gully Revisit and retreat recently treatedareas; push weed front upstream

Opportunis c

Isolated outbreaksof Red Alert Weeds(i.e. Dog Rose, SweetPi osporum, SydneyWa le, Broad-leafCo on-bush,Radiata Pine, fruittrees).

Very low occurrence. Patrol the en re zone annually tocheck for and treat any isolatedoccurrences of Red Alert Weeds.

All year, onanopportunis cbasis


35

Management Zone E (Precinct 5-1)Area: 2ha Unit Biodiversity Score: 54Objective: Maintenance of vegetation quality and prevention of new weed invasionand eradication of existing weeds.

Strategies: Minimal disturbance bush regeneration.

No revegetation required..

Na ve Vegeta on


Eucalyptus obliqua (Messmate Stringybark), E. dalrympleana ssp. dalrympleana (Candlebark)Open Woodland occurs in this linear precinct along the Lobethal - Gumeracha Road whichincorporates a north-south drainage line. Acacia melanoxylon (Blackwood) is present and well asLeptospermum con nentale (Prickly Tea-tree) and Juncus spp. Good patches of the moistureloving Haloragis heterophylla (Variable Raspwort) occur in this area, however weedy grasses andherbs dominate the groundcover.


Avoid firebreak mowing of this area. Use minimal disturbance techniques to remove/control any Blackberry, Gorse, Broom, Erica &

African Daisy plants that develop and threaten to encroach on adjoining intact bushland.


36

Management Zone F (Precincts 8-2, 8-3a, 9-2)Area: 12ha Av. Unit Biodiversity Score: 90Objective: Maintenance of vegetation quality and prevention of new weed invasionand eradication of existing weeds.Strategies:



Na ve Vegeta on


Eucalyptus obliqua (Messmate Stringybark) Open Forest (Precinct 8-2 & 9-2) occurs ongenerally south to east facing aspects on gentle to moderate lower hill slopes. There issca ered emergent Eucalyptus dalrympleana ssp. dalrympleana (Candlebark) and Acaciamelanoxylon (Blackwood) is dominant in patches throughout. Daviesia leptophylla (Narrow-leafBi er-pea) and Pultenaea daphnoides (Large-leaf Bush-pea) are the dominant understoreyshrubs with the ground layer dominated by low shrubs, tussocks and grasses. The groundcomponent comprises na ve plants and dense leaf li er. Plant species diversity is very high.Thisassocia on tends to be very intact with woody weed species largely confined to Reservoir Rd,track and firebreak edges, wet gullies (most notably Blackberry, Dog Rose, Gorse, MontpellierBroom) or as widely sca ered individuals.

Eucalyptus obliqua Tall Woodland (Precinct 6-3a) occurs in a deep gully with moderate tosteep slopes facing south-east. There is sca ered emergent Eucalyptus dalrympleana ssp.dalrympleana (Candlebark) and some of the large trees are indica ve of the Tall Open Forestwhich would have once been present. Acacia melanoxylon (Blackwood) and Exocarposcupressiformis (Na ve Cherry) are the dominant small tree understorey. The groundcomponent is mostly leaf li er, microphy c crust and na ve plants. Na ve plant speciesdiversity is moderately high. Some areas where moisture is seasonally present have patches ofBlackberry, Gorse and Montpellier Broom.

Precinct 8-2: Eucalyptus obliqua Open Forest (maingate on Reservoir Road)

Precinct 9-2 Eucalyptus obliqua Open Forest


37


A Bush for Life Bushcare site exists in this zone and ac ve woody weed control has occurred in recentyears.



Blackberry Small sca erd patches andseedlings alongcreekline/gully and lowerslopes

Cut and swab, spot spray, handpull smaller seedlings. Radiateout from areas of best bush first.

Summer

MontpellierBroom & Gorse

Creeklines Hand pull small plants andpatrol for outliers. Cut and swablarger plants. Work from thegood quality bush towards thecreek.

Hand-weedin we ermonths; cut/swab anddrill/fill canbeundertakenall year.

Dog Rose Creeklines and adjacentslopes

Cut and swab

Spot spray

Opportunis c

Stemless Thistle Below the roadside slope andtowards the creekline

Cut and swab before they finishflowering. Remove flower headsfrom site.

Autumn tospring

African Daisy Sca ered throughout Hand pull small plants andpatrol for outliers. Cut and swablarger plants. Work from thegood quality bush towards theedges.

Autumn tospring

Perennial weedgrasses (Holcuslanatus, Dactylisglomerata)

On the slopes below ReservoirRoad

Cut roots of small tussocks.Larger tussocks can be cut backhard and swabbed. Flower/seedheads should be bagged andremoved from the site.

Spring

Isolatedoutbreaks of RedAlert WoodyWeeds

Very low occurrence. Patrol the en re zone annuallyto check for and treat anyisolated occurrences of RedAlert Woody Weeds.

On anopportunis cbasis – any

me of year


38

Management Zone G (Precinct 5-3)Area: 3ha Unit Biodiversity Score: 72Objective: Maintenance of vegetation quality and prevention of new weed invasionand eradication of existing weeds.Strategies:

Containment of Erica infestation Minimal disturbance bush regeneration.


Na ve Vegeta on


Leptospermum con nentale (Prickly Tea-tree) Shrubland occurs in a narrow band around themain reservoir on saturated soil. The understorey is dominated by a variety of na ve sedges(Juncus spp., Isolepis inundatus, Carex breviculmus). Plant species diversity is rela vely high forthis plant community. Weeds of concern include Erica, Blackberry, Gorse and sca ered RadiataPines.



Erica Isolated and low -medium densityoccurrences throughzone.

Treat outlier individuals and smallstands where they occur in be erquality vegeta on.

Consolidate infesta ons by crea ngweed fronts.

Any me of year

Blackberry Isolated individuals Cut and swab, spot spray, hand pull Summer

Precinct 5-3: Leptospermum con nentale Shrublandaround edges of main reservoir

Precinct 5-3: Leptospermum con nentale Shrublandaround edges of main reservoir


39

smaller seedlings. Radiate out fromareas of best bush first.

Gorse Isolated individuals Cut and swab, spot spray, hand pullsmaller seedlings. Radiate out fromareas of best bush first.

Hand-weed inwe er months;cut/ swab anddrill/fill can beundertaken allyear.

Radiata Pine Isolated individuals Either drill and fill or ringbark pinesand leave in situ to die. Cut and swabsmaller plants, hand pull seedlings

Any me of theyear

Holcus lanatus Low densi esthroughout the zone

Brushcu ng around na ve sedgesand other species. Follow-up withspot spraying regenera ng clumps

Spring


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Management Zone H (Precincts 5-1, 6-1, 7-1, 8-1, 9-1)Area: 19ha Av. Unit Biodiversity Score: 54Objective: Maintenance of low fuel zone and improvement of vegetation qualitythrough containment of existing weeds and prevention of new weed invasion intoadjacent intact bushland.Strategies:

Ongoing slashing of low fuel areas


Na ve Vegeta on


Eucalyptus obliqua Open Woodland with exo c her/grassland understorey. Na ve vegeta on isrestricted to a narrow band along the reserve fenceline. The open mown/slashed fuel reduc onzone comprises a variety of weedy grasses and herbs, including Oxalis purpurea (One-o’clock),Pentaschis s pallida (Pussytail) and Agros s gigantea (Creeping Bent-grass).


Do not cul vate soil. Maintain and encourage development of cover by allowing cover to develop to 15-25cm high

before next mowing/slashing. Keep machinery off firebreak while soil wet or damp to protect soil surface and cover

development. To protect soil stability do not undertake broadscale weed control despite presence of weed

species. Use minimal disturbance techniques to remove/control any Blackberry, Gorse, Broom, Erica,

Monadenia and African Daisy plants that develop and threaten to encroach on adjoining intactbushland.

Consider the establishment of a na ve grass seed source within the northern firebreak (Precinct6-1)

Precinct 6-1: Slashed fuelbreak on northernboundary

Precinct 5-1: Slashed fuelbreak on edge of Lobethal –Gumeracha Road


41

OTHERMANAGEMENTACTIVITITESRevegetationRevegeta on is a labour intensive method of habitat management. Where resources are limited, this isnot the recommended approach to na ve vegeta on management for the site. Should revegeta on beundertaken, only endemic species of local provenance shall be used, preferably sourced from on siteand where regenera on is not already occurring. Revegeta on should be planted in a manner thatreplicates the density and arrangement of naturally occurring regenera on (i.e. not in straight lines),and plan ng should be similar to a natural recruitment pace. This is to ensure that monocultures of thesame species and same age do not occur, and to maximise the poten al for habitat by replica ngnaturally occurring bushland regenera on.

Native grass seed bankConsider the trialling of a ‘na ve grass seed bank’ in the fuel reduc on / fuelbreak zone on the northernboundary of Lobethal Bushland Park. This could have mul ple benefits including:

the suppression of high fuel load exo c grasses and other weeds; the ability of na ve grasses to withstand fire; provide AHC with a source of na ve grass seed to be used in other parts of the council area such

as roadsides; and increase the biodiversity value of this area.

Recommended species for direct seeding include:

Austros pa spp. (Spear Grasses) Microlaena s poides(Weeping Grass) Ry dosperma spp.(Wallaby Grasses) Themeda triandra (Kangaroo Grass)

Phytophthora preventionPhytophthora species are soil and waterborne fungi that cause disease and o en death to a widevariety of na ve plant species, exo c fruits and vegetables. The most common species is Phytophthoracinnamomi. Phytophthora a acks the roots and stems of plants. Early symptoms of the disease areroot-rot, and depending on the plant species, stem-rot and eventual death. In effect, the suscep bleplants die from an inability to take up sufficient water and nutrients.

Phytophthora can spread from plant to plant through root contact. It is spread most rapidly whenrainfall coincides with warm temperatures, generally in spring, summer and autumn. The disease canspread very quickly through the transport of infested soil and plant material by human ac vi es, such asroadworks, firefigh ng, bike riding and bushwalking.

The best way to control the fungus is to prevent the transfer of infested soil and plant material byavoiding ac vi es in an area when the soils are wet and s cky. Brush soil off footwear and tools beforeand a er each visit to a bushland area and spray them with undiluted methylated spirits. AHCrecommends this hygiene procedure take place throughout the year, not just when the soils are moist.

(Adapted from the Department for Environment and Heritage biodiversity informa on brochure –“Phytophthora Root-rot fungus is killing our plants!” – revised January 2002)


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Phytophthora in Lobethal Bushland Park

Phytophthora is present in Lobethal Bushland Park and a Phtophthora Hygiene Sta on and associatedsignage is located at the central park entrance on the Lobethal – Gumeracha Road. It is recommendedthat all volunteers, contractors and council staff con nue to adhere to Phytophthora managementguidelines in order to prevent the spread of this fungus.

HerbariumA herbarium of all plants occurring within the site should be established. A herbarium is beneficial foriden fying weed species and na ve species. It provides a permanent record of all species on the siteand helps in iden fica on, par cularly when reproduc ve material may not be available on plants in thefield. Photos (not cu ngs) of orchids, lilies and any rare plant species should be used in the herbarium,as the collec on of these plants could be detrimental to their existence.

Any specimen collected for the site herbarium should have a second sample collected for sending to theState Herbarium. Weeds should be pressed and sent as well, to help them establish weed distribu onranges throughout the state.

Prescribed Burning - Fuel Reduction for BiodiversityPrescribed burning is the deliberate and safe applica on of fire under specified environmentalcondi ons in a designated area for the purposes of fuel reduc on objec ves, ecological managementobjec ves and/or woody weed management objec ves13.

Fuel reduc on burning aims to reduce fuel loads and modify fuel structure in strategic loca ons toincrease bushfire suppression poten al and/or the likelihood that bushfires will self-ex nguish. Fuelreduc on burning needs to target reduc ons in the level of fuel hazard.

To reduced fuel loads in Lobethal Bushland Park, it is recommended that AHC, in partnership withDepartment of Environment Water & Natural Resources (DEWNR), consider the development of a coolburn regime which results in a mosaic of burnt and unburnt areas.

Monitoring

PhotopointsPhotopoints are useful for seeing change in the landscape over me. This is par cularly useful whendescribing what an area looked like before changes occurred. It is much easier to understand a picture

13 Dept of Environment & Natural Resources. Prescribed burning in South Australia: Review of operational prescriptions,


43

than a paragraph of text. Photopoints can be used to monitor effec veness of weed control work,revegeta on, regenera on and changes between seasons, i.e. summer versus winter vegeta on.

PHOTOPOINTS DEPICTING CHANGES BETWEEN SPRING & SUMMER

Photopoints are simple to establish. A permanent marker is driven into the ground at a key loca on;o en a star dropper is used. Brightly coloured tape or a plas c cap is placed on the star dropper to aidreloca on in the future. A second marker is driven into the ground 10 metres from the first marker. Acamera is placed on the first marker and photograph taken with the top of the second marker in themiddle of the frame. A white board should be placed on the second marker no ng the loca on anddate. It is important the same photograph is taken each me, therefore a standard camera and se ngsshould be used. Cameras with zoom lenses should always be used at the same focal length. In the past,the recommended format to use was a 35mm SLR camera equipped with a 50mm lens. Increasingly,digital cameras are being used instead.

When se ng up a photopoint the markers should be placed in a way that will give a meaningfulphotograph. If a weed front is being monitored, the photopoint should be set up to give the bestcoverage of the weed front. There should be an unobstructed line of sight between the markers. Careneeds to be taken not to have tree or shrub seedlings between the markers, as they will obscure theline of sight when they grow. It is useful to take photographs in both direc ons.

Proposed photopoint loca ons for Lobethal Bushland Park are shown in Figure 10 and provided in thefollowing table.

ManagementZone Easting Northing1 306338 61375612 306104 61375443 305993 61376203a 306295 61376424 305714 61372465 305976 61372216 305842 61373177 306159 6137458

PROPOSED PHOTOPOINT WAYPOINTS (WGS 84)


44

BushRAT

Monitoring will be undertaken using the BushRAT method, currently in use by the Na ve Vegeta onCouncil to monitor Significant Envrinomental Benefit offsets. It is based on the Nature Conserva onSociety of SA’s (NCSSA) Bushland Condi on Monitoring method. The BushRAT monitoring has a similarprotocol to that described in the NCSSA’s Field Guide to Bushland Condi on Monitoring (2005). Bothmethods have been designed specifically so that a wide range of people can take part in monitoring


45

their bushland’s condi on (from bushcarers and landholders to technical-support field workers such asLandcare officers) a er undertaking a short training course.

Use of the protocol not only provides people with a way to show the posi ve impact they might behaving on their bushland’s condi on but it also raises their awareness of the vital natural processesgoing on in the bush and how to detect the early warning signs of threatening processes. Data fromindividual monitoring sites can also be collated on a regional basis with NVC data to provide be erinforma on on the condi on and trends in na ve vegeta on.

It is beyond the scope of this Ac on Plan to detail the BushRAT methodology, but further informa onand is available from Adelaide Hills Council.

Summary of Priority Weed Actions and StrategiesHigh Priority

Follow up and con nue previously established Blackberry and Gorse weed fronts Control outlier popula ons of Red Alert Woody Weeds in high quality na ve vegeta on zones Arrest the spread of Erica from the edges of the central reservoir out into surrounding high

quality na ve vegeta on zones Arrest the spread of Blackberry and Gorse by controlling outliers and edges of dense

infesta ons. Control of any new weeds or weed species in low numbers to the site (eg Sweet Pi osporum,

Broad-leaf Co on-bush, Radiata Pine, English Broom, Rosemary Grevillea, Sydney Wa le) beforethey become well established.

Preven on of weed spread into reserve from boundaries to private property. Control spread of Pussytail, Monadenia, Gladiolus, One-o’clock from firebreak edges into

adjacent high quality vegeta on zones.

Medium Priority

Control popula ons of Red Alert Weeds in low quality na ve vegeta on zones Control of dense Blackberry stands – only when alterna ve dense na ve habitat has been

established through natural regenera on in creeklines.

Long term Priority

Encourage natural regenera on of indigenous species and control of RedAlert Weeds in non-mown areas of zones maintained for low fuel, i.e. along reserve boundaries.

Complete control / removal of low level occurrences of Sweet Pi osporum, Broad-leaf Co on-bush, Radiata Pine, English Broom, Rosemary Grevillea, Sydney Wa le, Dog Rose, etc

A five year work plan, budget and work maps are provided in Appendix 6.

5 Year Vegetation Management Recommendations1. Weed control program to follow the five year Work Plan in Appendix 6. Use the Ac on Schedule in

Appendix 3 and the Weed Treatment Summary Table in Appendix 4.


46

2. Establish a ‘na ve grass seed bank’ trial in the fuel reduc on / fuelbreak zone on the northernboundary of Lobethal Bushland Park.

3. All visitors, council staff, bushcarers and contractors to undertake Phytophthora hygiene procedures(boot and tool disinfec on) before entry to and on exit from the reserve by.

4. Include Allotment 26 (east of Reservoir Road) in the exis ng Heritage Agreement to increase itsconserva on protec on.

5. In partnership with Department of Environment Water & Natural Resources (DEWNR), inves gatethe development of a cool burn regime for ecological fire management purposes, which results in amosaic of burnt and unburnt areas throughout the reserve.

6. Baseline BushRAT monitoring was done in June 2015. It is recommended that a er five years ofimplementa on of the on-ground works recommended in this plan the BushRAT monitoring bedone again (ie June 2020) and that this plan be revised on the basis of the findings and a new fiveyear work plan be formulated.


47

USEFULREADING/REFERENCESBlood K. (2001). Environmental Weeds, A Field Guide for SE Australia. 2001 CRC Weed ManagementSystems.

Bradley J. (1997). Bringing Back the Bush. The Bradley Method of Bush Regenera on. LandsdownePress.

Cro S., Pedler J. and Milne T. (2005) Bushland Condi on Monitoring Manual: Southern Mount Lo yRanges. Nature Conserva on Society of South Australia.

Dashorst G. M. and Jessop J. P. (1998). Plants of the Adelaide Plains and Hills. Botanic Gardens ofAdelaide and State Herbarium.

Gibbs J. and Gibbs R. (2001). Grass Iden fica on Manual – For Everyone. A Pictorial Guide ToRecogni on Of Na ve And Exo c Grasses In The Northern And Southern Lo y Botanical Regions OfSouth Australia.

Muyt A. (2001). Bush Invaders of South East Australia. A Guide To The Iden fica on And Control OfEnvironmental Weeds Found In South East Australia. R.G. and F.J. Richardson, Victoria.

Presco A. (1994). It’s Blue With Five Petals. Wildflowers of the Adelaide Region. OpenbookPublishers, South Australia.

Robertson M. (1994). Stop Bushland Weeds, A Guide to Successful Weeding in South Australia’sBushland. The Nature Conserva on Society of South Australia.

i

APPENDIX1:PLANTLISTName Common_Name Conservation Status Precinct

AUS SA 1 2 3 3a 4 5 6 7Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood 1 2 3 3a 4 5 6Acacia myrtifolia Scrub Wattle 1 2 4Acacia provincialis Swamp Wattle 5Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle 1 2 3 4 5 6 7Acacia retinodes Silver Wattle 1 4Acaena echinata Sheep's Burr 2 3a 4Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgee 1 2 5 6 7Acaena sp. Sheep's Burr 5Acianthus pusillus Gnat Orchid 2 3aAcrotriche fasciculiflora Pink Ground-berry 2 7Acrotriche serrulata Honeypots 1 2 3a 4 5 6 7Adiantum aethiopicum Common Maiden-hair 2 3a 4 5 6Ajuga australis Australian Bugle 2Alternanthera denticulata Lesser Joyweed 3Amphipogon strictus var. setifer Spreading Grey-beard Grass 7Amyema miquelii Mistletoe 1 2 3a 5 7Anthosachne scabra Common Wheat-grass 2Arthropodium strictum Common Chocolate-lily 1 2 4 5 6 7Asperula conferta Common Woodruff 2Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace Fern 4 5Astroloma humifusum Native Cranberry 1 2 4 5 7Austrostipa mollis Supple Spear-grass 1 2 4 5 6 7Austrostipa muelleri Tangled Spear-grass 2 4Austrostipa pubinodis Tall Spear-grass 3a 5Austrostipa semibarbata? 5Austrostipa sp. 1 2 3a 4 5 6 7Banksia marginata Honeysuckle 1 2 3 3a 4 5 6

ii

Name Common_Name Conservation Status PrecinctAUS SA 1 2 3 3a 4 5 6 7

Bossiaea prostrata Creeping Bossiaea 2 3aBrunonia australis Tjul#pun-tjul#punpa 5Bulbine bulbosa Native Leek 2 3a 4 5Burchardia umbellata Milk Lily 2 4 5 7Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa South Australian Christmas Bush 1 2 3a 4 5 6 7Caesia calliantha Blue Grass-lily 2 3a 4 5 6 7Caladenia sp. Spider-orchid 7Calytrix tetragona Common Fringe-myrtle 6 7Carex breviculmis Short-stem Sedge 3 3a 4 5Carex sp. Knob Sedge 2Carex tereticaulis Rush Sedge 2 3a 4 5Cassytha pubescens Downy Dodder-laurel 2 7Centipeda cunninghamii Common Sneezeweed 3Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Hairy Centrolepis 3Chamaescilla corymbosa var.corymbosa Blue Stars 5 7Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock-fern 2 3a 4 5 6 7Cheiranthera alternifolia Handflower 7Chrysocephalum apiculatum Small Yellow Button 2Clematis microphylla Small-leaf Clematis 2 3a 7Comesperma calymega Blue-spike Milkwort 7Convolvulus remotus Grassy Bindweed 2Craspedia variabilis Bachelor Buttons 2 5 6 7Crepis sp. 5Cymbonotus preissianus Australian Bear's-ear 2 3 3a 4 6Cynoglossum suaveolens Sweet Forget-me-not 4 5Daucus glochidiatus Australian Carrot 2 3a 5Dampiera dysantha Shrubby Dampiera 7Daviesia leptophylla Narrow-leaf Bitter-pea 2 4

iii


Daviesia ulicifolia ssp. incarnata 1 2 5Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grass 2 4 7Deyeuxia sp. 5Dianella revoluta var. revoluta Spreading Flax-lily 2 3a 4 5 6 7Dichelachne sp. Loose Plume-grass 3aDichondra repens Tom Thumb 2 3 3aDilwynia hispida Red Parrot-pea 7Diuris sp. 5Drosera macrantha ssp.planchonii Climbing Sundew 1 5 7Drosera whittakeri ssp. whitakeri 1 7Epacris impressa Common Heath 7Epilobium hirtigerum Hoary Willow-herb 1Eucalyptus dalrympleana ssp.dalrympleana White Gum Rare 1 2 3a 4 5 6Eucalyptus leucoxylon ssp.leucoxylon South Australian Blue Gum 1 5 6 7Eucalyptus obliqua Stringybark 1 2 3 3a 4 5 6 7Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. viminalis Ribbon Gum Rare 5Euchiton involucratus Common Cudweed 2 3 3a 5Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry Ballart 1 2 3a 4 5 6 7Ficinia nodosa Knobby Club-sedge 3a 4 5Galium migrans ssp. migrans Loose Bedstraw 3aGalium gaudichaudii Rough Bedstraw 2Genoplesium rufum Dark Midge-orchid 4 5Geranium sp. Australian Crane's-bill 2 3a 4 5 6 7Glycine latrobeana Clover Glycine Vulnerable VulnerableGlossodia sp. 5Gonocarpus tetragynus Common Raspwort 1 2 3a 4 5 6 7

iv


Goodenia blackiana Black's Goodenia 4 5Goodenia geniculata Native Primrose 1Gratiola peruviana Austral Brooklime 3 4 5Grevillea lavandulacea ssp.lavandulacea Heath Grevillea 3a 5Hakea rostrata Turkey Gobblers 5 6 7Haloragis heterophylla Perennial Raspweed 1Helichrysum luteoalbum Cudweed 3Helichrysum scorpioides Button Everlasting 2 5 6 7Hibbertia crinita 1 2 5 6 7Hibbertia devitata Smooth Guinea-flower 5Hibbertia exutiacies Spiky Guinea-flower 1 2 3a 5 6 7Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy Pennywort 2 3 3a 4Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking Pennywort 2 5Hydrocotyle sp. Pennywort 2Hypericum gramineum Small St John's Wort 3 3a 4Hypericum japonicum Matted St John's Wort Rare 5Isolepis inundata Swamp Club-rush 3Juncus bufonius Toad Rush 3Juncus holoschoenus Joint-leaf Rush 3Juncus pallidus Pale Rush 3 4 5 6Juncus pauciflorus Loose-flower Rush 5Juncus planifolius Broad-leaf Rush 3Juncus sarophorus 4 5Juncus sp. 1 4Juncus subsecundus Finger Rush 3a 4 5Kennedia prostrata Running Postman 1 2 7Lachnagrostis aemula Annual Blown-grass 4 5Lachnagrostis filiformis Fairy Grass 3

v


Lagenophora gracilis Slender Lagenifera Vulnerable 3aLagenophora huegelii Coarse Lagenifera 3aLagenophora sp. Bottle-daisy 2Lagenophora stipitata Blue Bottle-daisy 3a 5Lemna disperma Common Duckweed 3Lepidosperma carphoides Black Rapier-sedge 7Lepidosperma curtisiae Little Sword-sedge 2 7Lepidosperma semiteres Wire Rapier-sedge 1 2 3a 4 5 6 7Lepidosperma sp. Flat leaf 3aLeptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-tree 1 2 3 3a 4 5 6Leptospermum myrsinoides Heath Tea-tree 4 5 6 7Limosella australis Austral Mudwort 3Lindsaea linearis Necklace Fern 3aLobelia anceps Angled Lobelia 3Lomandra densiflora Pointed Mat-rush 1 2 4 5 6 7Lomandra fibrata Fine Mat-rush 2 3a 7Lomandra micrantha ssp.micrantha Small-flower Mat-rush 2 4 7Lomandra multiflora ssp. dura Iron-grass 1 2 4 5 6 7Lomandra nana Soft Mat-rush 2Lomandra sororia Small Mat-rush 2 3aLuzula densiflora Dense Wood-rush 3aLuzula flaccida Pale Wood-rush Vulnerable 3aLythrum hyssopifolia Small Loosestrife 3Melicytus dentatus Tree Violet 3a 6 7Microlaena stipoides var.stipoides Weeping Grass 1 2 3a 4 5 6 7Microseris lanceolata Yam Daisy 2 7Microseris sp. 5

vi


Microtis sp. 4 6Mimulus repens Creeping Monkey-flower 3Olearia axillaris Coast Daisy-bush 1 5Olearia grandiflora Mount Lofty Daisy-bush 2 4Olearia ramulosa Twiggy Daisy-bush 1 4 5 6 7Opercularia turpis Twiggy Stinkweed 3a 4Opercularia varia Variable Stinkweed 3a 5 6Orchidaceae sp. Orchid 2 3a 4 7Oxalis perennans Native Oxalis 2 3a 4 5 6 7Pimelea humilis Common Riceflower 5 6Pimelea octophylla Woolly Riceflower 7Platylobium obtusangulum Common Flat-pea 1 2 4 5 7Poa clelandii Cleland's Poa 2 3a 4Poa labillardieri var. labillardieri Tussock Poa 5 6Poa tenera Spreading Tussock-grass 2 3a 5Poa umbricola Shady Poa Rare 3 3a 4 5Poa sp. Meadow-grass/Tussock-grass 2Poranthera microphylla Small-leaf Poranthera 2 3 3a 4Pteridium esculentum ssp.esculentum Austral Bracken 1 2 3a 4 5 6Pterostylis curta Blunt Greenhood Rare 3aPterostylis nutans Nodding Greenhood 2 4 5Pterostylis pedunculata Maroon-hood 3a 5Pterostylis robusta Large Striped Greenhood 5Pterostylis sp. Greenhood 2Pultenaea daphnoides Large-leaf Bush Pea 1 2 3a 4Pultenaea pedunculata Matted Bush-pea 2 5 7Ranunculus lappaceus Australian Buttercup 2 3a 4 5 6Rumex brownii Hooked Dock 3a

vii


Rytidosperma geniculatum Kneed Wallaby-grass 2 3 3a 5Rytidosperma caespitosum 1 2 4Scaevola albida Small-fruit Fanflower 1 2Schoenus apogon Common Bog-sedge 3a 4 5 7Schoenus breviculmis Matted Bog-rush 7Schoenus maschalinus Creeping Bog-rush 2Schoenus sp. Desert Bog-sedge 1 2 4 5 6Senecio dolichocephalus Narrow Groundsel 3a 5 6 7Senecio glomeratus ssp.glomeratus Toothed Groundsel 2 3 3a 4 7Senecio hypoleucus Silver Groundsel 3aSenecio phelleus Narrow Groundsel 3a 5 6Senecio quadridentatus Cotton Fireweed 2 5Senecio squarrosus Leafy Fireweed 3aSolenogyne dominii Smooth Solenogyne 3aStackhousia aspericocca Bushy Candles 5Stackhousia sp. 2Stylidium graminifolium Grass Trigger-plant 2Tetratheca pilosa ssp. pilosa Pink-eyed Susan 1 2 7Thelymitra sp. Sun-orchid 4Themeda triandra Kangaroo Grass 1 2 5Thysanotus patersonii Twining Fringe-lily 1 2 3a 5 6 7Tricoryne elatior Yellow Rush-lily 2 5 6Viola sieberiana Sieber's Violet 2Viola sp. Tiny Violet 4Wahlenbergiagracilenta/multicaulis Annual Bluebell 1 3aWahlenbergia gracilis Australian Bluebell 1 3a 4 5Wahlenbergia stricta ssp. stricta Tall Bluebell 2 3a 5 7

viii


Wurmbea dioica ssp. dioica Early Star-lily 2 5Xanthorrhoea semiplana ssp.semiplana Flat-leaf Grass-tree 2 3a 4 5 6 7Xanthosia huegelii Hairy Xanthosia 7Introduced species

Acacia longifolia ssp. longifolia Sydney Golden Wattle 1Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel 5Agrostis capillaris Brown-top Bent 3a 5Agrostis gigantea Creeping Bent-grass 1 2Aira cupaniana Small Hair-grass 6Anagallis arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel 3 3a 5Anthoxanthum odoratum Scented Vernal Grass 1 3a 4 5 6 7Arbutus unedo Arbutus 1Arctotheca calendula Cape Dandelion 1 5Briza maxima Blowfly Grass 2 3a 4 5 6Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass 2Bromus sp. Brome 1Centaurium tenuiflorum Branched Centaury 3Chamaecytisus palmensis Tree Lucerne 2Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle Proclaimed 2 3 3a 5 6Conyza bonariensis Tall Fleabane 3aCotoneaster sp. 2Crassula sp. Crassula 5Crepis capillaris Smooth Hawksbeard 3Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog's-tail Grass 2 3a 5 6Cytisus scoparius English Broom 4Dactylis glomerata Cocksfoot 1 5Disa bracteata Monadenia 1 2 5 6Eragrostis sp. Love-grass 4

ix


Erica lusitanica/arborea Portuguese Heath 1 3 5Fumaria capreolata Climbing Fumitory 3a 5 6Galium aparine Goosegrass 2 5Genista monspessulana Cape Broom Proclaimed 2 3a 4Geranium molle var. molle Dove's-foot 5Gladiolus sp. Gladiolus 1 4 5 6Gomphocarpus cancellatus Broad-leaved Cotton-bush 2Grevillea rosmarinifolia ssp.rosmarinifolia Rosemary Grevillea 1 5Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog 1 2 3 3a 5 6Hypericum perforatum Perforated St John's Wort 1 5Hypochaeris glabra Smooth Cat's Ear 1 2 4 5Hypochaeris radicata Flatweed 1 2 3a 4 5Lactuca serriola f. serriola Compass Plant 6Leontodon rhagadioloides Cretan Hedypnois 3 3aMedicago sp. 5Onopordum acanthium Scotch Thistle 2Oxalis pes-caprae Soursob Proclaimed 1 2 3a 4 5Oxalis purpurea Large-flower Wood-sorrel 1 2 3a 4 5Pentameris pallida Pussy Tail 1 4 5 6 7Phalaris aquatica Canary-grass 1Pinus radiata Radiata Pine Pine 1 2 3 5Pittosporum undulatum Sweet Pittosporum 2 4Plantago lanceolata var.lanceolata Ribgrass 1 2 3 3a 4 5 6 7Plantago major Greater Plantain 1 5Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass 1 2 3aPoa bulbosa Bulbous Blue-grass 3aPrunella vulgaris Heal-all 3a

x


Romulea rosea var. australis Common Onion-grass 1Rosa canina Dog Rose Proclaimed 1 2 3a 4 5 7Rubus anglocandicans Proclaimed 1 2 3 3a 4 5Senecio pterophorus South African Daisy 2 3a 4 5 6 7Solanum nigrum Black-berry Nightshade 3a 4Sonchus oleraceus Milk Thistle 3a 6Sparaxis sp. 3aStellaria sp. 1Ulex europaeus Furze Proclaimed 2 3 3a 4 5Vicia sp. 3a 5Vulpia sp. 6

Summary:

Regional Conserva on StatusAUS = Australia EPBC Act 1999SA = South Australia NPW Act 1972

KEY TO CONSERVATION RATINGS

X Ex nct/Presumed ex nct: not located despite thorough searching of all known and likely habitats; known to have been eliminated by the loss of localised popula on(s); or not recorded formore than 50 years from an area where substan al habitat modifica on has occurred.

E Endangered: rare and in danger of becoming ex nct in the wild.T Threatened: likely to be either Endangered or Vulnerable but insufficient data available for more precise assessment.V Vulnerable: rare and at risk from poten al threats or long term threats that could cause the species to become endangered in the future.K Uncertain: likely to be either Threatened or Rare but insufficient data available for a more precise assessment.R Rare: has a low overall frequency of occurrence (may be locally common with a very restricted distribu on or may be sca ered sparsely over a wider area). Not currently exposed to

significant or widespread threats, but warrants monitoring and protec ve measures to prevent reduc on of popula on sizes.U Uncommon: less common species of interest but not rare enough to warrant special protec ve measures.

i

APPENDIX2:BIRDLISTBird species reported within 1km of Mylor.14

Species Name Common NameAcanthiza pusilla Brown ThornbillAcanthiza chrysorrhoa Yellow-rumped ThornbillAcanthiza reguloides Buff-rumped ThornbillAcanthiza lineata Striated ThornbillAcanthiza nana Yellow ThornbillAcanthorhynchus tenuirostris Eastern SpinebillAccipiter fasciatus Brown GoshawkAcrocephalus australis Australian Reed-warblerAegotheles cristatus Australian Owlet-nightjarAnas superciliosa Pacific Black DuckAnas castanea Chestnut TealAnas gracilis Grey TealAnthochaera chrysoptera Little WattlebirdAnthochaera carunculata Red WattlebirdAquila audax Wedge-tailed EagleArtamus cyanopterus Dusky WoodswallowAythya australis HardheadCacatua galerita Sulphur-crested CockatooCacatua sanguinea Little CorellaCacatua tenuirostris Long-billed CorellaCacomantis pallidus Pallid CuckooCaligavis chrysops Yellow-faced Honeyeater*Carduelis carduelis European GoldfinchChenonetta jubata Australian Wood DuckChrysococcyx lucidus Shining Bronze-cuckooCisticola exilis Golden-headed CisticolaColluricincla harmonica Grey Shrike-thrush*Columba livia Rock DoveCoracina novaehollandiae Black-faced Cuckoo-shrikeCorcorax melanorhamphos White-winged ChoughCormobates leucophaea White-throated TreecreeperCorvus coronoides Australian RavenCorvus mellori Little RavenCracticus tibicen Australian MagpieDacelo novaeguineae Laughing KookaburraDaphoenositta chrysoptera Varied SittellaDicaeum hirundinaceum MistletoebirdEgretta novaehollandiae White-faced HeronElanus axillaris Black-shouldered KiteEolophus roseicapillus Galah

14 Atlas of Living Australia. http://biocache.ala.org.au/explore/your-area#-35.0434931|138.75992110000004|12|ALL_SPECIES

ii

Species Name Common NameFalco berigora Brown FalconFalco cenchroides Nankeen KestrelFulica atra Eurasian CootGallinula tenebrosa Dusky MoorhenGavicalis virescens Singing HoneyeaterGlossopsitta concinna Musk LorikeetGrallina cyanoleuca Magpie-larkHirundo neoxena Welcome SwallowMalurus cyaneus Superb Fairy-wrenManorina flavigula Yellow-throated MinerMegalurus gramineus Little GrassbirdMelithreptus brevirostris Brown-headed HoneyeaterMelithreptus lunatus White-naped HoneyeaterMicrocarbo melanoleucos Little Pied CormorantNeochmia temporalis Red-browed FinchOcyphaps lophotes Crested PigeonPachycephala rufiventris Rufous WhistlerPachycephala pectoralis Golden WhistlerPardalotus striatus Striated PardalotePardalotus punctatus Spotted Pardalote*Passer domesticus House SparrowPetrochelidon nigricans Tree MartinPetroica phoenicea Flame RobinPetroica boodang Scarlet RobinPhalacrocorax carbo Great CormorantPhalacrocorax sulcirostris Little Black CormorantPhalacrocorax varius Pied CormorantPhaps chalcoptera Common BronzewingPhylidonyris novaehollandiae New Holland HoneyeaterPhylidonyris pyrrhoptera Crescent HoneyeaterPlatycercus elegans Crimson RosellaPodiceps cristatus Great Crested GrebePoliocephalus poliocephalus Hoary-headed GrebePorphyrio porphyrio Purple SwamphenPsephotus haematonotus Red-rumped ParrotPtilotula penicillatus White-plumed HoneyeaterRhipidura albiscapa Grey FantailRhipidura leucophrys Willie WagtailSericornis frontalis White-browed ScrubwrenSmicrornis brevirostris WeebillStrepera versicolor Grey Currawong*Sturnus vulgaris Common StarlingTachybaptus novaehollandiae Australasian GrebeThreskiornis molucca Australian White IbisTodiramphus sanctus Sacred Kingfisher

iii

Species Name Common NameTribonyx ventralis Black-tailed Native-henTrichoglossus haematodus Rainbow Lorikeet*Turdus merula Common BlackbirdVanellus miles Masked LapwingZoothera lunulata Bassian ThrushZosterops lateralis Silvereye

iv

APPENDIX3:ACTIONSCHEDULEMONTH PRIORITY ONE PRIORITY TWO PRIORITY THREE PRIORITY FOURJANUARY Blackberry outliers and

weedfronts – ManagementZone A and F

Blackberry outliers andweedfronts – ManagementZone C and D

FEBRUARY Blackberry outliers andweedfronts – ManagementZones A and F

Blackberry outliers andweedfronts – ManagementZones C and D

MARCH Gorse outliers and weedfronts– Management Zone A and F

Gorse outliers and weedfronts– Management Zone C and D

Red alert woody weeds(Erica, Broom, SydneyGolden Wattle, SweetPittosporum, etc) – allbushland areas

Cut & swab orbreak belowlignotuber Erica -central reservoir

APRIL Gorse outliers and weedfronts– Management Zone A and F




MAY Gorse outliers and weedfronts– Management Zone A and F




JUNE Red alert woody weeds(Erica, Broom, SydneyGolden Wattle, SweetPittosporum, Dog Rose, etc) –all bushland areas

Tong GladiolusHand dig Monadenia –Management Zone A

Gorse outliers and weedfronts– all bushland areas

Hand pull Ericaseedlings –central reservoir

JULY Red alert woody weeds(Erica, Broom, SydneyGolden Wattle, SweetPittosporum, Dog Rose, etc) –all bushland areas




AUGUST Red alert woody weeds(Erica, Broom, SydneyGolden Wattle, SweetPittosporum, Dog Rose, etc) –all bushland areas




SEPTEMBER Red alert woody weeds(Erica, Broom, SydneyGolden Wattle, SweetPittosporum, Dog Rose, etc)– all bushland areas

Perennial weed grasses –Holcus lanatus, Dactylisglomeratus and Pentamerispallida

Erica outliers – centralreservoir

OCTOBER Red alert woody weeds(Erica, Broom, SydneyGolden Wattle, SweetPittosporum, Dog Rose, etc)– all bushland areas



NOVEMBER Red alert woody weeds(Erica, Broom, SydneyGolden Wattle, SweetPittosporum, etc) – allbushland areas



DECEMBER Blackberry outliers andweedfronts – ManagementZone A and F

Blackberry outliers andweedfronts – ManagementZone C and D

APPENDIX4:WEEDTREATMENTSCHEDULESPECIES TIMING

COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME WEED TYPE TREATMENT Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecWoody WeedsAfrican Daisy Senecio pterophorus woody weed hand weed

var. pterophorus cut & swabBlackberry Rubus spp. scrambler hand weed

cut & swabcut back onlyspray – Garlonspray – Brush Off

Boneseed Chrysanthemoides woody weed hand weedmonilifera cut & swab

drill & fillBraceletHoney-myrtle Melaleuca armillaris woody weed hand weed seedlings

ssp. armillaris cut & swabdrill & fill

Cotoneaster Cotoneaster simonsii woody weed hand weed seedlingscut & swabdrill & fill

Desert Ash Fraxinus rotundifoliassp. woody weed hand weed seedlings

rotundifolia cut & swabdrill & fill

English Broom Cytisus scoparius woody weed hand weedcut & swabdrill & fill

Erica Erica lusitanica & E. woody weed hand weed

arborea break belowlignotubercut & swabdrill & fill

Gorse Ulex europaeus woody weed hand weedcut & swabdrill & fill

Hawthorn Crataegus monogyna woody weed hand weed seedlingscut & swabdrill & fill

SPECIES TIMINGCOMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME WEED TYPE TREATMENT Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Ivy Hedera helix ssp. helix woodyclimber hand weed

cut & swab/wipespray –Glyphosate+penetrant

MontpellierBroom Genista monspessulana woody weed hand weed

cut & swabdrill & fill

Radiata Pine Pinus radiata woody weed hand weed seedlingsring bark/cut downdrill & fill

RosemaryGrevillea

Grevillearosmarinifolia woody weed hand weed seedlings

ssp. rosmarinifolia cut & swabSydneyGolden Wattle Acacia longifolia ssp. woody weed hand weed seedlings

longifolia cut & swabdrill & fill

Tree Lucerne Chamaecytisuspalmensis woody weed hand weed seedlings

cut & swabdrill & fill

Wattle –various non- Acacia spp. woody weed hand weed seedlings

local species cut & swabdrill & fill

Herbaceous and broadleaf weeds

Blue Periwinkle Vinca major perennialscrambler hand weed

cut & swabspray –Glyphosate+penetrant

Broadleafweeds various species annual & hand weed

perennial cut & swab/wipebroadleafherb spot spray

SPECIES TIMINGCOMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME WEED TYPE TREATMENT Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov DecPlantain /Ribwort Plantago lanceolata perennial hand weed seedlings

broadleafherb cut & swab/wipe

spot spray

Scabious Scabiosaatropurpurea perennial hand weed seedlings

broadleafherb cut & swab/wipe

spot spray seedlingsSollya / Blue-bell

Billardieraheterophylla climber hand weed seedlings

Creeper cut & swabdrill & fill

Bulb weedsFreesia Freesia cultivar corm hand weed

tongsremoveflower/seedhead

Gladiolus Gladiolus spp. corm hand weed notrecommendedtongsspray – Brush Offremove flowerhead

Guildford-grass / Romulea spp. corm hand weed

Onion-grass tongsspray – Brush Offremove seedheads

Ixia Ixia spp. corm hand weedtongsspray – Brush Offremoveflower/seedhead

Monadenia Disa bracteata tuber hand weedcut swab/wipe/tongsremove flowerhead

Soursob Oxalis pes-caprae bulb hand weedwipe


spray – Glyphosatespray – Brush Off

Sparaxis Sparaxis bulbifera & corm hand weedS. tricolor tongs

removeflower/seedhead

Three-corneredGarlic Allium triquetrum corm hand weed

tongsremoveflower/seedhead

Watsonia Watsonia meriana cv. corm hand weed seedlingstong

Bulbillifera removeflower/seedheadcut & swab/wipe

Grassy WeedsAnnual grasses various species annual grass hand weed

slash

Cocksfoot Dactylis glomerata perennialgrass hand weed

cut & swabspray regrowthslash

Fountain Grass Pennisetum setaceum perennialgrass

hand weed/serratedknifespot sprayslash

Kikuyu Pennisetum perennialgrass hand weed

clandestinium spray/wipe

Pentaschistis / Pentameris pallida perennialgrass

hand weed/serratedknife

Pussy Tail cut & swabspot sprayslash

Phalaris Phalaris aquatica perennialgrass hand weed

cut & swab/wipe


slashspray regrowth

Yorkshire Fog Holcus lanatus perennialgrass hand weed

cut & swabspray regrowthslash

Note: This table is only a guide and weed control work will need to take into account local conditions and seasonal variations.

Notes on hand weeding: Carefully hand weed only when the soil is moist, firm the soil back down and replace leaf litter.

Notes on herbicide application (unless otherwise stated, herbicide referred to is Glyphosate, BFL mainly uses “Weedmaster Duo”): Herbicide application is most effective when the target plant is actively growing and not under stress (either too dry or from frost damage). Herbicide application is unlikely to be effective on deciduous plants such as blackberry and desert ash when they are dormant. Cut & swab with 75ml foam applicator or wipe with Weedbrush using 1 part Glyphosate to 5 parts water, adding 2ml dye marker. Drill & fill using 1 part Glyphosate to 5 parts water, adding 2ml dye marker per 100ml prepared mixture. Spot spray using label rate, with most weeds this is 1 part Glyphosate to 100 parts water (10ml per litre), add 5ml dye marker per litre of prepared mixture.

Adding surfactant may increase efficiency of treatment, BFL uses 4ml of Maxiwet per litre of prepared mixture. Spot spray blackberry with 1 part Garlon to 600 parts water (10ml per 6 litres), add 7ml dye marker and 4ml of Maxiwet per litre of prepared mixture.

More details of minimum disturbance weed control techniques are given in Attachment C

APPENDIX5:2015BUSHRATSCORESHEETS

derived data shaded red

VEGETATION CONDITION SCORE (max. inbrackets)

score LANDSCAPE CONTEXT SCORE scoreNative Plant Species Diversity (15) 13 2 pts if site is the only substantialWeed Score (15) 3 connection between 2 or more remnants1

Native Plant Life Forms (10) 4 >20 ha, 1 pt if site is degradedRegeneration (8) 0 (scattered trees in part, fragmented etc) 0Native:exotic Understorey Biomass (10) 2 Site Shape ScoreBare Ground (3) 3 3 pts if Cleared perimeter:Area (km/km2)<6,Tree Health (5) 5 2 pts if P:A 6 to<12, 1pt if P:A 12 to <18 1Hollow-bearing trees (5) 0 Size of remnant1 patch (incl. nativeFallen timber/debris (5) 0 veg on adjacent properties) scoreGrazing Evidence (4) 4 Patch size less than 2 ha 0 pts

TOTAL (ADD UP ALL POINTS) 34 Patch size 2-5 ha 1 pt

If community is naturally treeless x TOTAL by 1.23 Patch size 5-10 ha 2 pts

If community is not benchmarked for regen x 1.11 Patch size 10-20 ha 3 pts

ADJUSTED TOTAL SCORE 34 Patch size 20-100 ha 4 pts

Patch size 100-500 ha 5 pts

CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE SCORE: score Patch size >500 ha 6 pts 52 pts for each State-R, 4 pts for each State-V, Distance to remnant area of more than6 pts for each State-E or Nationally-V, 8 pts for 50 hectares scoreeach Nationally-E ecosystem/ecologicalcommunity.

0 >3km 0 pts

2 pts for each State-R, 4 pts for each State-V, 1-3km 1 pt

6 pts for each State-E or Nationally-V, 8 pts for <1km 2 pts

each Nationally-E plant species present2. 4 contiguous 3 pts 31 pt for each State-R, 2 pts for each State-V, LANDSCAPE CONTEXT SCORE 93 pts for each State-E or Nationally-V, 4 pts

for each Nationally-E fauna species for which

suitable habitat is present. Double points for a Sum adjusted Vegetation Condition,sighting. 3 5 Conservation significance and% native vegetation remaining in IBRA Assoc. Landscape Context Scores for the0-2% = 5 pts; >2-5% = 4 pts; >5-10% = 3 pts;

>10-20%= 2 pts; >20-50%= 1 pt; >50% = 0 pts 1 UNIT BIODIVERSITY1 pt if Site contains a riparian zone, SCORE2 pts if contains swamp/wetland (+/- riparian zone) 1 54CONSERVATION SIGNIFICANCE SCORE 11

Total Biodiversity Score (UBS x size)324.5

Cleared perimeter(m) Size(ha) P:A Ratio1000 6.01 16.64

Total no. native species Adjust for Spring4 Environmental Association46 Uraidla

Weed species (Top 5 Cover x Invasiveness, annuals in bo ld) Cover (max. 6) Weed Threat Rating (max. 5) C x IAnthoxanthum odoratum 2 3 6Oxalis pes-caprae 2 4 8Oxalis purpureum 4 2 8Erica sp. 1 4 4Plantago lanceolata 2 2 4

Total Cover x Threat 30

NVBMU Biodiversity Rapid Assessment Summary Scoresheet

SITE: 5-1 DESCRIPTION: Eucalyptus obliqua Open Woodland with exoticherb/grass understorey BCM CODE: SMLR 1.1

RECORDER: S Telfer DATE: 1/6/2015











0 >3km 0 pts










Weed species (Top 5 Cover x Invasiveness, annuals in bo ld) Cover (max. 6) Weed Threat Rating (max. 5) C x IRubus sp. 1 5 5Ulex europaeus 1 4 4Genista monspessulana 1 4 4Senecio pterophorus 1 3 3Oxalis pes-caprae 1 4 4



SITE: 5-2 RECORDER: S Telfer DATE: 1/6/2015 DESCRIPTION: Eucalyptus obliqua Open Forest with opensclerophyll understorey BCM CODE: SMLR 1.1











0 >3km 0 pts







Total Biodiversity Score (UBS x size) 180



Weed species (Top 5 Cover x Invasiveness, annuals in bo ld) Cover (max. 6) Weed Threat Rating (max. 5) C x IRubus sp. 1 5 5Holcus lanatus 2 2 4Pinus radiata 1 3 3Erica sp. 3 4 12Ulex europaeus 1 4 4



SITE: 5-3 RECORDER: B McCallum DATE: 1/6/2015 DESCRIPTION: Leptospermum continentale Shrubland overJuncus spp. sedges BCM CODE: SMLR 6.1











0 >3km 0 pts










Weed species (Top 5 Cover x Invasiveness, annuals in bo ld) Cover (max. 6) Weed Threat Rating (max. 5) C x IRubus sp. 1 5 5Anthoxanthum odoratum 2 3 6Rosa canina 1 3 3Genista monspessulana 1 4 4Ulex europaeus 3 4 12



SITE: 5-4 RECORDER: S Telfer DATE: 1/6/2015 DESCRIPTION: Eucalyptus obliqua/E. leucoxylon ssp. leucoxylonLow Woodland over open sclerophyll shrubs and sedges BCM CODE: SMLR 1.1











0 >3km 0 pts










Weed species (Top 5 Cover x Invasiveness, annuals in bo ld) Cover (max. 6) Weed Threat Rating (max. 5) C x IRubus sp. 1 5 5Pinus radiata 2 3 6Erica sp. 1 4 4Gladiolus sp. 1 3 3Ulex europaeus 1 4 4



SITE: 5-5 RECORDER: B McCallum DATE: 10/6/2015 DESCRIPTION: Eucalyptus leucoxylon ssp. leucoxylon Low OpenWoodland with open shrub, sedge and grass understorey BCM CODE: SMLR 1.1











0 >3km 0 pts










Weed species (Top 5 Cover x Invasiveness, annuals in bo ld) Cover (max. 6) Weed Threat Rating (max. 5) C x IRubus sp. 1 5 5Pentameris pallida 2 3 6Senecio pterophorus 1 3 3Anthoxanthum odoratum 1 3 3Holcus lanatus 1 2 2



SITE: 5-6 RECORDER: S Telfer DATE: 10/6/2015 DESCRIPTION: Eucalyptus leucoxylon ssp. leucoxylon OpenWoodland over open shrub, sedge and herb understorey BCM CODE: SMLR 1.1











0 >3km 0 pts










Weed species (Top 5 Cover x Invasiveness, annuals in bo ld) Cover (max. 6) Weed Threat Rating (max. 5) C x IRosa canina 1 3 3Pentameris pallida 1 3 3Senecio pterophorus 1 3 3Anthoxanthum odoratum 1 3 3Plantago lanceolata 1 2 2



SITE: 5-7 RECORDER: S Telfer DATE: 1/6/2015 DESCRIPTION: Eucalyptus obliqua Low Open Woodland overopen shrubs and sedges BCM CODE: SMLR 1.1











0 >3km 0 pts













SITE: 6-1 RECORDER: S Telfer DATE: 1/6/2015 DESCRIPTION: Eucalyptus obliqua Open Woodland with exoticherb/grass understorey BCM CODE: SMLR 1.1











0 >3km 0 pts







Total Biodiversity Score (UBS x size)1183

















0 >3km 0 pts










Weed species (Top 5 Cover x Invasiveness, annuals in bo ld) Cover (max. 6) Weed Threat Rating (max. 5) C x IRubus sp. 1 5 5Oxalis pes-caprae 1 4 4Rosa canina 1 3 3Genista monspessulana 1 4 4Ulex europaeus 1 4 4



SITE: 6-3a RECORDER: B McCallum DATE: 1/6/2015 DESCRIPTION: Eucalyptus obliqua Tall Woodland over tall opensclerophyll shrubs BCM CODE: SMLR 1.1











0 >3km 0 pts










Weed species (Top 5 Cover x Invasiveness, annuals in bo ld) Cover (max. 6) Weed Threat Rating (max. 5) C x IRubus sp. 1 5 5Anthoxanthum odoratum 2 3 6Rosa canina 1 3 3Genista monspessulana 1 4 4Ulex europaeus 3 4 12



SITE: 6-4 RECORDER: S Telfer DATE: 1/6/2015 DESCRIPTION: Eucalyptus obliqua/E. leucoxylon ssp. leucoxylonLow Woodland over open sclerophyll shrubs and sedges BCM CODE: SMLR 1.1











0 >3km 0 pts
























0 >3km 0 pts







Total Biodiversity Score (UBS x size)1049

















0 >3km 0 pts










Weed species (Top 5 Cover x Invasiveness, annuals in bo ld) Cover (max. 6) Weed Threat Rating (max. 5) C x IRubus sp. 1 5 5Oxalis pes-caprae 1 4 4Rosa canina 1 3 3Genista monspessulana 1 4 4Ulex europaeus 1 4 4














0 >3km 0 pts







Total Biodiversity Score (UBS x size) 89.1

















0 >3km 0 pts










Weed species (Top 5 Cover x Invasiveness, annuals in bo ld) Cover (max. 6) Weed Threat Rating (max. 5) C x IRubus sp. 3 5 15Ulex europaeus 1 4 4Genista monspessulana 1 4 4Rosa canina 2 3 6Chamaecytisis palmensis 2 3 6














0 >3km 0 pts














APPENDIX6:WORKPLANANDBUDGETToassistinthedeliveryofactions&funding.Note:Inkind(IK)contributiontobecalculatedat$25p/hourforvolunteersandbestestimatep/hourforprofessionalservices.Lobethal Bushland Park, 2015 – 2016Year One Priority

5 year targetcover* Total

unitrate ex

GSTtotal (exGST)

Notes /Responsibility Funding Source Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

Management Zone A (south-west sector main block)

Gorse: Continue weedfront established in previous years in south-western cornerand along western fuelbreak area, revisit previously treated areas in gullies forfollow-up first, then push weedfront further upstream. Monitor 2014 herbicide trials. VH

<5% cover 30 $53 1,590 AHC & Bushcarecontractors

AHC matchingand NRM Grantsif available

Blackberry: Scan the entire length of gullies and lower slopes starting in upstreamareas and working downstream from north to south treating any spot outbreaks. H Eradicate

15 $53 795AHC & Bushcare

contractors

AHC matchingand NRM Grantsif available

Gladiolus: Revisit previously treated areas along firebreak boundary and retreat asneeded with tonging (in sensitive areas) or spot spraying (in degraded areas) H <1% cover

4 $53 212 AHC & Bushcarecontractors

AHC

Monadenia: Patrol the western boundary and eradicate any new outbreaks beforeinfestations in fuelbreak can penetrate into the higher quality bushland. Handweed, cut and swab/wipe/tong. H <1% cover


AHC

Dog Rose, Montpellier Broom, Sweet Pittosporum, Sydney Wattle, Radiata Pine:Low density and isolated occurrences. Drill and frill larger specimens, spot spray orcut and swab smaller while in active growth, hand-pull seedlings when ground isdamp.

M Eradicate

10 $53 530AHC & Bushcare

contractors

AHC

African Daisy: Scattered throughout. Cut and swab or hand-pull when ground isdamp. Radiate outwards from areas of good bush on eastern boundary ofmanagement zone and work towards the western edges. L <1% cover


AHC

subtotal 67 $ 3,551Management Zone B (south-east sector main block)

Gorse and Blackberry: Continue weedfront established in previous years atnorthern end of the small reservoir, revisit previously treated areas for follow-upfirst, then push weedfront nothwards. VH <1% cover

15 $53 795AHC & Bushcarecontractors AHC

Red Alert Woody Weeds (Dog Rose, Rosemary Grevillea, Sweet Pittosporum,Sydney Wattle): Patrol from higher quality areas on eastern side working westwardstowards large reservoir and creekline. M Eradicate

10 $53 530AHC & Bushcarecontractors AHC.

African Daisy: Scattered throughout. Cut and swab or hand-pull when ground isdamp. Radiate outwards from areas of good bush towards edges. L Eradicate

10 $53 530 AHC & Bushcarecontractors AHC

subtotal 35 $1,750Management Zone C (north-east sector main block)

Blackberry: Scan the entire length of gullly and lower slopes starting in upstreamareas and working downstream from north to south treating any spot outbreaks. H Eradicate


AHC matching &NRM grant fundsif available.

Radiata Pine: Previously controlled in upper gully. Scan area on an annual basisfor isolated outbreaks and treat M Eradicate


Red Alert Woody Weeds (Broad-leaf Cotton-bush, Dog Rose, Fruit Trees, SweetPittosporum, Sydney Wattle): Patrol from higher quality areas in the gullies workingfrom north to south. . Drill and frill larger specimens, spot spray or cut and swabsmaller while in active growth, hand-pull seedlings when ground is damp. M Eradicate


African Daisy: Scattered throughout. Cut and swab or hand-pull when ground isdamp. Radiate outwards from areas of good bush towards edges. L <1% cover

10 $53 530AHC & Bushcarecontractors AHC

subtotal 32 $ 1,696Management Zone D (north-west sector main block)

Gorse: Previous control in upper north east gully. Revisit and retreat recentlytreated areas first then continue pushing weed fronts north (upstream) VH <1% cover

20 $53 1,060AHC matching &NRM grant fundsif available.

Lobethal Bushland Park, 2015 – 2016Year One Priority


unitrate ex

GSTtotal (exGST)


Blackberry: Scan the entire length of gullies and lower slopes starting in upstreamareas and working downstream from north to south treating any spot outbreaks. H <1% cover


Dog Rose: Follow up previous control undertaken in upper north-western gully.Revisit and retreat recently treated areas, then push weed front downstream. Handpull seedlings, cut and swab, spot spray. M <1% cover


Red Alert Woody Weeds (Broad-leaf Cotton-bush, Dog Rose, English Broom,Hawthorn, Prunus sp., Radiata Pine, Sweet Pittosporum, Sydney Wattle): Patrolfrom higher quality areas on eastern side working westwards towards largereservoir and creekline. M Eradicate


subtotal 42 $ 2,226Management Zone E (Creekline, south-east boundary)Avoid firebreak mowing of this area.Use minimal disturbance techniques to remove/control any Blackberry, Gorse,Broom, Erica & African Daisy plants that develop and threaten to encroach onadjoining intact bushland. <1% coverManagement Zone F (east of Reservoir Road)Blackberry: Continue weedfront established in previous years heading west fromgully towards Reservoir Road, revisit previously treated areas for follow-up first,then push weedfront starting from areas of good quality bush and pushingwestwards. VH <5% cover

30 $53 1,590

Bushcare conractorsNRM Grant fundsif available

Blackberry and Gorse: Scan the entire length of gulllies and lower slopes starting inupstream areas and working downstream from north to south treating any spotoutbreaks. Radiate out from areas of best bush first. VH <5% cover

10 $53 530 Bushcare conractors NRM grant fundsif available.

Montpellier Broom: Scan the entire length of gullly/creekline and lower slopesstarting in upstream areas and working downstream from north to south treatingany spot outbreaks. Radiate out from areas of best bush first.Hand-pull. Spotspray or cut and swab larger plants. H <1% cover

10 $53 530 Bushcare conractors HA Grant ifavavilable

Dog Rose: Low density and isolated occurrences, mainly in dense bracken increekline. Drill and frill larger specimens, spot spray or cut and swab smaller whilein active growth, hand-pull seedlings when ground is damp. H <1% cover


Red Alert Woody Weeds (Broad-leaf Cotton-bush, Cotoneaster, Radiata Pine,Sweet Pittosporum, Sydney Wattle, Tree Lucerne, other garden escapes): Patrolentire area for isolated outbreaks. M Eradicate


Stemless Thistle: Between creekline and Reservoir Road. Cut and swab centrebefore flowering finishes. Remove flower heads from site. Work from creekliine outtowards the road. M Eradicate


African Daisy: Scattered throughout. Cut and swab or hand-pull when ground isdamp. Radiate outwards from areas of good bush towards edges. L <1% cover

8 $53 424Bushcare conractors

HA Grant ifavavilable

Yorkshire Fog, Cocksfoot, other Perennial weed grasses: On the slopes belowReservoir Road. Work from low density towards high density areas. Cut roots ofsmall tussocks. Larger tussocks can be cut back hard and swabbed. Flower/seedheads should be bagged and removed from the site. L <5% cover

8 $53 424

Bushcare contractorHA Grant ifavavilable

subtotal 96 $ 5,088Management Zone G (central reservoir)Erica: Consolidate infestations by creating weed fronts. Treat outlier individualsand small stands where they occur in better quality vegetation surrounding thereservoir. Drill and fill larger specimens, cut and swab or hand-pull smaller. VH Precinct 5-3

20 $25 500Friends of LBP

Blackberry: Isolated individuals, some larger patches. Radiate out from areas ofbest bush first. Cut and swab, spot spray, hand pull smaller seedlings. H Precinct 5-3 4 $25 100 Friends of LBPGorse: Isolated individuals, some larger patches. Radiate out from areas of bestbush first. Cut and swab, spot spray, hand pull smaller seedlings H Precinct 5-3 4 $25 100 Friends of LBPRadiata Pine: Isolated individuals. Either drill and fill or ringbark larger pines andleave in-situ to die. Cut and swab smaller plants, hand-pull seedlings. M Precinct 5-3 4 $25 100 Friends of LBPYorkshire Fog/Hocus lanatus: Low densities throughout the zone. Carefulbrushcutting around native sedges and groundcovers (before flowering/seeding).Then follow up with spot spraying when actively growing. L Precinct 5-3

4 $25 100Friends of LBP

subtotal 36 $900 In-kindManagement Zone H (Firebreaks)

Mowing: Maintain low fuel zones. Avoid mowing at wet times to minimise soil AHC

Lobethal Bushland Park, 2015 – 2016Year One Priority


unitrate ex

GSTtotal (exGST)


disturbance and Phytophthora spread.

subtotal In-kind In-kindAHC -

MaintenanceTotal (ex GST) $15,211Total (incl GST) $ 16,732

*Target covers/densi es to be measured as part of the BushRat assessment in 2020

LOBETHAL BUSHLAND PARK · LOBETHAL BUSHLAND PARK 6/30/2015 Vegeta on Management Plan 2015 Lobethal...

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