Loader (Equipment) - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
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3/2/2015 Loader (equi pment) - Wi ki pedi a, the free encycl opedi a http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki /Loader_(equipment) 1/5 Volvo L120E front loader Loader removing snow in Jyväskylä, Finland. A track loader Loader (equipment) From Wikipedia, the free e ncycl opedia A loader (buck et loade r, front loade r, front-end l oader, payloader, scoop, shovel , skip loade r , or wheel loader ) is a heavy equipment machine used in constr uction and s idewalk maintenance to move aside or load materials such as asphalt, demolition debris, di rt, snow, feed, gravel, logs, raw minerals, recycled material, rock, sand, woodchips, etc. into or onto another type of machinery (such as a dump truck, conveyor belt, feed-hopper, or railroad car). Contents 1 Description 2 Armored wheel loaders 3 Tractor front loaders 4 Compact front end loaders 5 Skid loaders & track loaders 6 Swingloaders 7 Gallery 8 See also 8.1 Notable manufacturers 9 R eference s 10 External links Description A loader is a type of tractor, usually wheeled, sometimes on tracks, that has a front- mounted square wide bucket connected to the end of two booms (arms) to scoop up loose material from the ground, such as dirt, sand or gravel, and move it from one place to another without pushing the material across the ground. A loader is commonly used to move a stock pile d ma terial from ground level and deposit it into an awaiting dump truck or into an open trench excavation. The loader as sembly may be a removable attachment or permanently mounted. Often the bucke t can be replaced with othe r devices or tools—for example, many can mount forks to lift heavy pallets or shipping containers, and a hydraulically opening "clamshell" bucket allows a loader to act as a light dozer or scraper. The bucket can also be augmented with devices like a bale grappler for handling large bales of hay or straw. Large loaders, such as the Kawasaki 95ZV-2, John Deere 844K , Caterpillar 950H , Volvo L120E , Case 921E , or Hitac hi ZW310 usually have only a front bucket and are called Front Loaders, whereas small loader tractors are often also equipped with a small bac khoe and are called backhoe loaders or loader backhoes or JCBs, after the company that fir st claimed to have invent ed them. Other com pani es like CASE in America and Whitlock in the UK had been manufacturing Excavator Loaders well before JCB. The largest loader in the world is LeTourneau L-2350. Currently these large loaders are in product ion in the Long view, Tex as facil ity. The L -2350 uses a diesel el ect ric propulsi on system similar to that used in a locomotive. Each rubber tired wheel is driven by its own independent electric motor. Loaders are used mainly for loading materials into trucks, laying pipe, clearing rubble, and digging. A loader is not the most efficient machine for digging as it cannot dig very deep belo w the level of its wheel s, like a back hoe ca n. The cap aci ty of a loader buck et can be anywhere from 0.5 to 36 m 3[1] depending upon the size of the machine and its application. The front loader's bucket capacity is generally much bigger than a bucket capacity of a bac khoe loa der. Unlike most bulldozers, most loaders are wheeled and not tracked, although track loaders are common. They are successful where sharp edged materials in construction debris would damage rubber wheels, or where the ground is soft and muddy. Wheels provide better mobility and speed and do not damage paved roads as much as tracks, but provide less traction.
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Transcript of Loader (Equipment) - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
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3/2/2015 Loader(equipment)Wikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loader_(equipment) 1/5
VolvoL120Efrontloader
LoaderremovingsnowinJyvskyl,Finland.
Atrackloader
Loader(equipment)FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia
Aloader(bucketloader,frontloader,frontendloader,payloader,scoop,shovel,skiploader,orwheelloader)isaheavyequipmentmachineusedinconstructionandsidewalkmaintenancetomoveasideorloadmaterialssuchasasphalt,demolitiondebris,dirt,snow,feed,gravel,logs,rawminerals,recycledmaterial,rock,sand,woodchips,etc.intoorontoanothertypeofmachinery(suchasadumptruck,conveyorbelt,feedhopper,orrailroadcar).
Contents
1Description2Armoredwheelloaders3Tractorfrontloaders4Compactfrontendloaders5Skidloaders&trackloaders6Swingloaders7Gallery8Seealso
8.1Notablemanufacturers9References10Externallinks
Description
Aloaderisatypeoftractor,usuallywheeled,sometimesontracks,thathasafrontmountedsquarewidebucketconnectedtotheendoftwobooms(arms)toscoopuploosematerialfromtheground,suchasdirt,sandorgravel,andmoveitfromoneplacetoanotherwithoutpushingthematerialacrosstheground.Aloaderiscommonlyusedtomoveastockpiledmaterialfromgroundlevelanddeposititintoanawaitingdumptruckorintoanopentrenchexcavation.
Theloaderassemblymaybearemovableattachmentorpermanentlymounted.Oftenthebucketcanbereplacedwithotherdevicesortoolsforexample,manycanmountforkstoliftheavypalletsorshippingcontainers,andahydraulicallyopening"clamshell"bucketallowsaloadertoactasalightdozerorscraper.Thebucketcanalsobeaugmentedwithdeviceslikeabalegrapplerforhandlinglargebalesofhayorstraw.
Largeloaders,suchastheKawasaki95ZV2,JohnDeere844K,Caterpillar950H,VolvoL120E,Case921E,orHitachiZW310usuallyhaveonlyafrontbucketandarecalledFrontLoaders,whereassmallloadertractorsareoftenalsoequippedwithasmallbackhoeandarecalledbackhoeloadersorloaderbackhoesorJCBs,afterthecompanythatfirstclaimedtohaveinventedthem.OthercompanieslikeCASEinAmericaandWhitlockintheUKhadbeenmanufacturingExcavatorLoaderswellbeforeJCB.
ThelargestloaderintheworldisLeTourneauL2350.CurrentlytheselargeloadersareinproductionintheLongview,Texasfacility.TheL2350usesadieselelectricpropulsionsystemsimilartothatusedinalocomotive.Eachrubbertiredwheelisdrivenbyitsownindependentelectricmotor.
Loadersareusedmainlyforloadingmaterialsintotrucks,layingpipe,clearingrubble,anddigging.Aloaderisnotthemostefficientmachinefordiggingasitcannotdigverydeepbelowthelevelofitswheels,likeabackhoecan.Thecapacityofaloaderbucketcanbeanywherefrom0.5to36m3[1]dependinguponthesizeofthemachineanditsapplication.Thefrontloader'sbucketcapacityisgenerallymuchbiggerthanabucketcapacityofabackhoeloader.
Unlikemostbulldozers,mostloadersarewheeledandnottracked,althoughtrackloadersarecommon.Theyaresuccessfulwheresharpedgedmaterialsinconstructiondebriswoulddamagerubberwheels,orwherethegroundissoftandmuddy.Wheelsprovidebettermobilityandspeedanddonotdamagepavedroadsasmuchastracks,butprovidelesstraction.
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Closeupofarticulatedsteeringapparatus
ArmoredwheelloaderoftheIsraeliDefenseForces
Inconstructionareasloadersarealsousedtotransportbuildingmaterialssuchasbricks,pipe,metalbars,anddiggingtoolsovershortdistances.
Frontloadersarecommonlyusedtoremovesnowespeciallyfromsidewalks,parkinglots,andotherareastoosmallforusingsnowplowsandotherheavyequipment.Theyaresometimesusedassnowplowswithasnowplowattachmentbutcommonlyhaveabucketorsnowbasket,whichcanalsobeusedtoloadsnowintotherearcompartmentofasnowplowordumptruck.
Hightipbucketsaresuitableforlightmaterialssuchaschip,peatandlightgravelandwhenthebucketisemptiedfromaheight.
Unlikebackhoesorstandardtractorsfittedwithafrontbucket,manylargeloadersdonotuseautomotivesteeringmechanisms.Instead,theysteerbyahydraulicallyactuatedpivotpointsetexactlybetweenthefrontandrearaxles.Thisisreferredtoas"articulatedsteering"andallowsthefrontaxletobesolid,allowingittocarrygreaterweight.Articulatedsteeringprovidesbettermaneuverabilityforagivenwheelbase.Sincethefrontwheelsandattachmentrotateonthesameaxis,theoperatorisableto"steer"hisloadinanarcafterpositioningthemachine,whichcanbeuseful.Thetradeoffisthatwhenthemachineis"twisted"toonesideandaheavyloadisliftedhigh,ithasagreaterriskofturningovertothe"wide"side.
Frontloadersgainedpopularityduringthelasttwodecades,especiallyinurbanengineeringprojectsandsmallearthmovingworks.Heavyequipmentmanufacturersofferawiderangeofloadersizesandduties.
Theterm"loader"isalsousedinthedebrisremovalfieldtodescribetheboomonagrappletruck.
Armoredwheelloaders
TheIsraeliCombatEngineeringCorpsusesarmoredCaterpillar966wheelloadersforconstructionandcombatengineeringmissionsinhostileterritoriessuchastheWestBank.Theyareoftenseenbuildingorremovingroadblocksandbuildingbasesandfortifications.Since2005,theyhavealsobeenusedtodemolishsmallhouses.TheIsraelDefenseForcesaddedarmorplatingtotheloadertoprotectitagainstrocks,stones,molotovcocktails,andlightgunfire.
RiodeJaneiro'spoliceelitesquadBatalhodeOperaesPoliciaisEspeciais(BOPE)hasacquiredonewheelloaderdesignedformilitaryusetoopenroutesandmakewayforthepoliceinRiodeJaneiro'sslums,whicharecontrolled,andblocked,bydrugdealers.[2]
Severalifnotmostcountrieshavesimilarequipment.TheDutcharmedforcesforinstanceusemodelsliketheWerklustWG18Edef,whichweighs15tons,2morethanthecorrespondingunarmoredcivilianmodel.Inaddition,theDutchmilitarypreviouslyusedextraarmormodulescoveringmostofthewindowsurfacewithsteelforextraprotection.Thesewerehowevernotpopularwiththecrewsduetolowvisibility.
Tractorfrontloaders
Theseloadersareapopularadditiontotractorsfrom50to200hp.Itscurrent'drivein'formwasoriginallydesignedanddevelopedin1958byaSwedishcompanynamnedlwhentheylaunchedtheirQuickeloader.[3]Tractorloadersweredevelopedtoperformamultitudeoffarmingtasks,andarepopularduetotheirrelativelylowcost(comparedtoTelehandler)andhighversatility.Tractorloaderscanbefittedwithmanyattachmentssuchashydraulicgrabsandspikestoassistwithbaleandsilagehandling,forksforpalletwork,andbucketsformoregeneralfarmactivities.
Compactfrontendloaders
AbramDietrichThiessenofEyebrowSaskatchewaninthe1940sbuiltthefirstquickattachfrontendloader.InternationalHarvester'stookapictureoftheloaderandreplicateditattheReginaAgribitioninNovemberofthesameyear.
Frontendloaders(FELs)arepopularadditionstocompactutilitytractorsandfarmtractors.Compactutilitytractors,alsocalledCUTs,aresmalltractors,typicallywith18to50horsepower(37kW)andusedprimarilyforgroundsmaintenanceandlandscapechores.Thereare2primarydesignsofcompacttractorFELs,thetraditionaldoglegdesignedstyleandthecurvedarmstyle.
JohnDeereTractormanufacturesasemicurvedloaderdesignthatdoesnotfeaturetheonepiececurvedarm,butalsoisnotofthetraditionaltwopiecedesign.NewHollandAgintroducedacompactloaderwithaonepiececurvedarmonitscompactutilitytractors,similaronepiececurvedarmloadersarenowavailableoncompacttractorsonmanybrandsincludingCase/Farmall,andsomeMontanaandKiotitractors.
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SemicurvedcompactloaderonaJohnDeerecompactutilitytractor
Visibilitycomparisonofdifferentloaderdesigns
KubotamarketstraditionalloaderdesignsonmostofitscompacttractorsbutnowfeaturesasemicurvedloaderdesignsimilartotheJohnDeereloaderdesignonseveralofitssmalltractors.
WhilethefrontendloadersonCUTsizetractorsarecapableofmanytasks,giventheirrelativelysmallsizeandlowcapacitieswhencomparedtocommercialloaders,thecompactloaderscanbemademoreusefulwithsomesimpleoptions.Atoothbariscommonlyaddedtothefrontedgeofaloaderbuckettoaidwithdigging.Someloadersareequippedwithaquickcoupler,otherwiseknownasaquickattach(QA)system.TheQAsystemallowsthebuckettoberemovedeasilyandothertoolstobeaddedinitsplace.Commonadditionsincludeasetofpalletforksforliftingpalletsofgoodsorabalespearforliftinghaybales.
Skidloaders&trackloaders
Askidloaderisasmallloaderutilizingfourwheelswithhydraulicdrivethatdirectspowertoeither,orboth,sidesofthevehicle.Verysimilarinappearanceanddesignisthetrackloader,whichutilizesacontinuoustrackoneithersideofthevehicleinsteadofthewheels.SincetheexpirationofBobcat'spatentonitsquickconnectsystem,newertractormodelsarestandardizingonthatpopularformatforfrontendattachments.
Swingloaders
Aswingloaderisarigidframeloaderwithaswingingboom.Theboomcanswing180degreesormore.Swingloadersareprimarilyusedbytherailroadindustrytolayrail.Likeotherloadersmanyattachmentscanbeattachedtotheboomsuchasmagnets,forks,andbuckets.Smallerswingloadersareusedinfarmingapplicationsforloadingout.Aswingingboomisadvantageouswherespaceislimited.Theloaderisabletoliftonallsidesanddumpoffonallsides.
Gallery
AHanomagloader
DK45withandwithoutatoothbaronthebucket
Arelativelysmallfrontloader
Aloaderwithaspecializedclawusedtomovelogsatasawmill
ACaterpillar930GfittedwithaloaderrakeonaresidentialconstructionsiteinSouthFlorida.
ThefrontofaCaterpillar930Gfittedwithloaderrake.
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WackerNeusonwheelloadersatatradefair
Compactutilitytractorwithafrontloadershowingtwodifferentmeasurementpointsforloadercapacities
SwingmasterSwingloader
ALiugongZL50AinGuilinEastRailwayStation,Guilin,Guangxi,China
Seealso
BackhoeloaderBulldozerCompactorCraneExcavatorGraderSkidloaderTractorTelescopichandlerMiningSimulation
Notablemanufacturers
BobcatCaseBull(http://www.bullindia.com/)CaterpillarDoosanInfracore(formerlyDaewooHeavyIndustries&Machinery)includingSolarbrandHitachiHyundaiJCBJohnDeereKawasakiKomatsuKramerKubotaLeTourneauLiebherrLiuGongManitouNavistarInternationalNewHollandVolvoConstructionEquipmentWackerNeusonXCMG
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WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoLoader(equipment).
References
1. ^http://www.cat.com/cda/layout?m=308907&x=72. ^http://noticias.uol.com.br/cotidiano/2009/08/12/ult5772u4933.jhtm3. ^http://www2.alo.se/Intl/Pages/history.eptlhistory:Frominnovationtoworldleadingposition
Externallinks
LoaderSpecificationsandComparisons(http://www.specguideonline.com)Calculatingthecapacityofaloader'sbucket(http://www.imac.ca/technofocus/bucket.htm)Databasecoveringallmakesandmodelsoffarmtractors&tractorfrontloaders(http://www.tractordata.com/)LoaderSimulation(http://www.immersivetechnologies.com/)YouTubevideoofafrontendloaderloadingadumptruck(http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3wUCnvdZjs)PayloadOnboardweighingwithfulltripdata(http://www.lcscontrols.in/EmbeddedOEM.html#1)
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Categories: Engineeringvehicles Agriculturalmachinery Snowremoval Constructionequipment
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