List of All Chemicals Punica granatum (Punicaceae) Common ...

List of All Chemicals

P Punica granatum (Punicaceae)

Chemical PartAll

LowPPM

HighPPM

StdDev Reference

(-)-CATECHIN Fruit -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

(-)-PELLETIERINE Plant -- -- Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. PhytochemicalDictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &Frost, London. 791 pp.

1,2,3,4,6-PENTA-O-GALLOYL-BETA-D-GLUCOSE

Leaf -- -- *

Activities (2)

Beta-Adrenergic ReceptorBlocker 10 uM

Zhu, M., Phillipson, J. D., Greengrass, P. M., Bowery, N. E., Cai, Y. 1997. Plant Polyphenols: Biologically Active Compounds or Non-SelectiveBinders to Protein? Phytochemistry, 44(3): 441-447.

Topoisomerase-II-InhibitorIC100=0.2 uM

Kashiwada, Y., Nonaka, G. I., Nishioka, I., Lee, J. H., Bori, I., Fukushima, Y., Bastow, K. F., Lee, K. H. 1993. Tannins as Potent Inhibitors of DNATopoisomerase II in vitro. J Pharm Sci, 82: 487-492.

1,2,3-TRI-O-GALLOYL-BETA-4C-1-GLUCOPYRANOSE

Leaf -- -- Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992.Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

1,2,3-TRI-O-GALLOYL-BETA-4C1-GLUCOSE Leaf -- -- *

1,2,3-TRI-O-GALLOYL-BETA-D-GLUCOSE Leaf -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

1,2,4,6-TETRA-O-GALLOYL-BETA-D-GLUCOSE Leaf -- -- *

Activities (1)





Leaf -- -- *


Activities (4)

Antioxidant Okamura, H., Mimura, A., Yakou, Y., Niwano, M., and Takahara, Y. 1992. Antoxidant Activity of Tannins and Flavonoids in Eucalyptus rostrata.Phytochemistry. 33(3): 557-561. 1993.

Beta-AdrenergicReceptor Blocker 10uM

Zhu, M., Phillipson, J. D., Greengrass, P. M., Bowery, N. E., Cai, Y. 1997. Plant Polyphenols: Biologically Active Compounds or Non-Selective Bindersto Protein? Phytochemistry, 44(3): 441-447.

Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC100=0.2uM


Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=39 uM

Hatano, T., Yasuhara, T., Yoshihara, R., Agata, I., Noro, T., and Okuda, T. 1989. Effects of Interaction of Tannins with Co-existing Substances.VII.Inhibitory Effects of Tannins Related Polyphenols on Xanthine Oxidase. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(5): 1224-1229

Common name(s)Zakuro (Jap.); Granatapfelbaum (Ger.); Granado (Sp.); Grenadier (Fr.); Pomegranate; Romanzeiro (Port.); Granatapfelstrauch (Ger.);Mangrano (Sp.)

How usedFood

Unless otherwise noted all references are to Duke, James A. 1992. Handbook of phytochemical constituents of GRAS herbs and other economic plants. BocaRaton, FL. CRC Press.*

*

Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases Downloaded Thu Apr 14 15:06:06 EDT 2022National Agricultural Library



Leaf -- -- *


1-(2,5-DIHYDROXY-PHENYL)-PYRIDIUM-CHLORIDE

Leaf -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

1-O-ISOPENTYL-3-O-OCTADEC-2-ENOYL-GLYCEROL

Seed -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

1-O-TRANS,CIS,TRANS-OCTADECATRIENOL-GLYCEROL


17-ALPHA-ESTRADIOL Seed -- -- *

17-BETA-ESTRADIOL Seed -- -- *

Activities (1)

Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor

Santti, R., Makela, S., Strauss, L., Korman, J., Kostian, M. L. 1998. Phytoestrogens: Potential Endocrine Disruptors in Males. Toxicol Ind Health, 14:223-237.

17-BETA-ESTRIOL Seed -- -- *

2,3(S)-HEXAHYDROXY-DIPHENOYL-D-GLUCOSE

RootBark

-- 550.0 Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992.Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.


StemBark

-- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.


Pericarp -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

2,3,4,5-TETRAHYDRO-6-PROPENYL-PYRIDINE StemBark


2,3,4,5-TETRAHYDRO-A-METHYL-2-PYRIDINE-ETHANOL

StemBark


2-(2'-HYDROXYPROPYL-DELTA-1)-PIPERDEINE

RootBark

-- -- *

2-(2'-PROPENYL)-DELTA-1-PIPERIDEINE RootBark

-- -- *

2-(2-PROPENYL)-DELTA'-PIPERIDEINE Leaf -- -- *

2-(2-PROPENYL)-DELTA-PIPERIDEINE RootBark

-- -- Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992.Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

2-(2-PROPENYL)-DELTA-PIPERIDEINE Leaf -- -- *

2-O-GALLOYL-4,6(S,S)-GALLAGOYL-D-GLUCOSE

StemBark


2-O-GALLOYLPUNICALIN Leaf -- -- Rizk, A.F.M. and Al-Nowaihi, A.S., The Phytochemistry of theHorticultural Plants of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre,University of Qatar.

2-O-GALLOYLPUNICALIN StemBark


3'-O-METHYL-3,4-METHYLENE-ELLAGIC-ACID HeartWood



3,3',4'-TRI-O-METHYLELLAGIC-ACID Seed -- -- *

3,3',4'-TRI-O-METHYLELLAGIC-ACID Flower -- -- *

3,3'-DI-O-METHYL-ELLAGIC-ACID Seed -- -- *

3,4,8,9,10-PENTAHYDROXYDIBENZO(B,D)-PYRAN-6-ONE

Leaf -- -- *

3,6-(R)-HEXAHYDROXYDIPHENOYL-(ALPHA,BETA)-1C-4-GLUCOPYRANOSE

Leaf -- -- *

5-O-GALLOYL-PUNICACORTEIN Leaf -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

6-O-GALLOYL-2,3-(S)-HEXAHYDROXYDIPHENOYL-D-GLUCOSE

StemBark


ALKALOIDS RootBark

1000.0 30000.0 1.41 *

ALKALOIDS StemBark

1000.0 6000.0 -1.0 List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch derPharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.

ALKALOIDS Pericarp -- 1500.0 Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992.Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

ANTHOCYANINS Fruit -- -- Newman, R. A., Lansky, E. P., with Block, M. L. 2007. Pomegranate -The Most Medicinal Fruit. Basic Health Publications, Laguna Beach,CA. 120 pp.

Activities (30)

AntiapoptoticAntiarthritic 120 mg/man orlAnticancer 120 mg/man orlAnticarcinogenicAnticollegenaseAntidiabetic

AntielastaseAntihyperglycemicAntihyperinsulinemicAntihyperleptinemicAntiinflammatoryAntimutagenicAntimyopic 600 mg/man orlAntinyctalopic 600 mg/man orlAntiobesityAntioxidantAntiproliferantAntitumor 120 mg/man orlAntivaricoseAntiviralCOX-1-Inhibitor IC45=125 ug/mlCOX-2-Inhibitor IC47=125 ug/mlChemopreventiveGoitrogenicHemostatNO-ScavengerPesticideVasoactiveVasodilatorVasoprotective

APIGENIN Leaf -- -- *

Activities (101)

11B-HSD-InhibitorAntiADDAntiHIV IC72=200 ug/ml


AntiHIV IC50=143 ug/mlAntiaflatoxin IC50=9.52uMAntiaflatoxin IC50=2.57ppmAntiaggregantAntiagingAntiallergic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiangiogenic 4 uMAntiarrhythmicAntibacterial Recio, M. C., Rios, J. L., and Villar, A., A review of some antimicrobial compounds isolated from medicinal plants reported in the literature

1978-1988, Phytotherapy Research, 3(4), 1989, 117-125.Anticancer (Lung)AnticomplementaryAntidermatitic Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.Antiestrogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiherpetic 20-54 ug/mlAntihistaminic IC50=10-35 uMAntiinflammatory #NAME?AntiinflammatoryIC~65=1,000 uMAntileukemic 20-50 uMAntimelanomic 1-50 uMAntimetastatic 1-50 uMAntimutagenic ID50=10-40 nM

Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. Antioxidants & Cancer Prevention. Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T. and Lee, C.Y. eds. 1992.ACS Symposium Series 507.ACS, Washington 402 pp.

Antimutagenic ID50=0.55ug/mlAntioxidant 1.5 x Vit. EAntioxidant IC28.5=62.5ug/mlAntiperistalticAntiproliferant 1-50 uMAntiproliferant IC50=155uMAntispasmodic EC50=1-5uMAntistress 10 mg/kgAntithyroid Jim Duke's personal files.Antitumor 1-50 uMAntitumor (Breast) 1-50uMAntitumor (Lung)Antitumor (Skin)Antiviral 20-54 ug/mlAnxiolytic 10 mg/kgApoptotic 12-60 uMAromatase-InhibitorIC65=1 uM/l

Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 235.1999.

Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor IC50=~40 uMCNS-DepressantCOX-1-InhibitorIC65=1,000 uMCOX-2-InhibitorIC>65=1,000 uMCOX-2-Inhibitor <40 uMCOX-2-Inhibitor IC50=<15uMCalcium-Antagonist? Biochimica & Biophysica Acta, 1115: 69, 1991.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CholereticCyclooxygenase-InhibitorCytochrome-P450-1A1-InhibitorCytotoxic IC88=10 ug/ml Planta Medica, 57: A113, 1991.Cytotoxic 1-50 uMCytotoxic IC50=9.5 uMDNA-ProtectiveDeiodinase-Inhibitor Jim Duke's personal files.Differentiator MIC=30 uMDifferentiator IC40=40 uMDiuretic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.


Estrogenic EC50=0.1-25uM/l


Estrogenic 16% genisteinEstrogenic EC50=1 uMHIF-1alpha-InhibitorHyaluronidase-InhibitorIC50+=50-250 uMHypotensive Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.ICAM-1-InhibitorIKK-InhibitorInotropicInterleukin-6-InhibitorMAO-InhibitorMAPK-Inhibitor

Musculotropic Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.MutagenicMyorelaxant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.NADH-Oxidase-InhibitorNF-kB-InhibitorNO-Synthase-Inhibitor 5-50 uMNodulation-Signal Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Ornithine-Decarboxylase-InhibitorP21-Inducer 10-70 uMPKC-Inhibitor IC50=10 uMPTK-Inhibitor 10-100 uMPesticidePolyamine-Synthesis-InhibitorProgestationalProtein-Kinase-C-InhibitorIC50=10-40 uMQuinone-Reductase-Inducer 20 uM

Uda, Y., Price, K. R., Williamson, G., Rhodes, M. J. C. 1997. Induction of the Anticarcinogenic Marker Enzyme, Quinone Reductase, in MurineHepatoma Cells In Vitro by Flavonoids. Cancer Lett., 120 (2): 213-216.

RadioprotectiveSedative 30-100 mg/kgSunscreenTNF-alpha-InhibitorIC50=3.27 uMTopoisomerase-I-Inhibitor Santti, R., Makela, S., Strauss, L., Korman, J., Kostian, M. L. 1998. Phytoestrogens: Potential Endocrine Disruptors in Males. Toxicol Ind Health,

14: 223-237.Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor50 ug/ml

Azuma, Y., Onishi, Y., Sato, Y., Kizaki, H. 1995. Effects of Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors With Different Modes of Action on TopoisomeraseActivity and Death of IL-2-Dependent CTLL-2-Cells. J Biochemistry, 118: 312-318.

Topoisomerase-II-InhibitorIC28=18 uMTopoisomerase-II-InhibitorIC45=180 uMUterotrophic EC50=0.1-25uM/l


VEGF-Inhibitor IC50=2-7uMVasodilatorXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor0.36 uMiNOS-Inhibitor IC50=<15uM

APIGENIN-4'-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE Leaf -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

APIGENIN-4'-O-BETA-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE Leaf -- -- *

ARACHIDIC-ACID Seed -- -- List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch derPharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.

ASCORBIC-ACID FruitJuice

-- -- *

Activities (112)

Acidulant FEMA 6,000 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry


Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Analgesic 5-10 g/dayAngiotensin-Receptor-BlockerAntiAGE 2,000 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

AntiCFS 500-1,000 mgAntiCTS 1,000 mg 3x/dayAntiCrohn's 50-100mg/day/orl/man

Martindale's 29th

AntiLyme 500-2,000 mgAntiRaynaud's 500 mg 1-2x/dayAntiaggregant Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antiaging 400 mg/dayAntiallergicAntialzheimeran 2,000-6,000mg/dayAntiarthritic 0.2-1 g/dayAntiasthmatic 1,000 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiatheroscleroticAntibacterial Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Anticataract 350 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Anticataract 400 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Anticataract 1 g 3x/dayAnticervicaldysplasic 1,000-2,000 mg/dayAnticlimacteric 500-5,000mg/dayAnticold 1-2 g/man/dayAntidecubitic 500mg/man/2x/day

Martindale's 28th

AntidementiaAntidepressant 2,000 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antidiabetic Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antidote (Aluminum) Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antidote (Cadmium) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidote (Lead) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidote (Paraquat) Martindale's 28thAntieczemic 3.5-5 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiedemic 1 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiencephalitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiendometriotic 2,000mg/dayAntifatigue 500-1,000 mgAntifibrotic 1,000-2,000 mgAntigallstone 1,000-3,000mg/dayAntigastriticAntigingiviticAntiglaucomic 2 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antihangover 1,000 mgAntihemorrhagic 1 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antihepatitic 2-6 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antihepatotoxic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antiherpetic 1-5 g/dayAntihistaminic 2 g/day orlmanAntihypertensiveAntiinfertility 1 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiinflammatory Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antilepric 1.5 g/man/day Martindale's 28thAntilithic 1,000-3,000 mg/dayAntimaculiticAntimeasles Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antimenopausal 500-5,000mg/dayAntimigraine Martindale's 29thAntimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.AntineuramidaseAntinitrosic 1 g/man/day Martindale's 28th


Antiobesity 1 g 3x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiorchitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiosteoarthritic 1 g 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiosteoporotic 500 mg/dayAntioxidant 100 ppmAntiparkinsonian 1 g 2-3x/dayAntiparotitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiperiodontitic 1 g 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antipneumonic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antipodriac Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antipoliomyelitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antipyretic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antiradicular Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95AntiretinoticAntirheumaticAntirhinitic 1,000 mg 3x/dayAntiscorbutic 10 mg/man/day Martindale's 28thAntiseptic MIC=3.3-217mg/ml

Martindale's 28th

Antiseptic 4-8 g/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Antishingles Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antispasmodic 500-5,000mg/dayAntistress 500-1,000 mgAntisyndrome-X 1-4 g/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antitumor (Gastric)Antitumor (Lung)AntiulcerAntiviral 1-5 g/dayApoptotic 1-10 mMAsthma-preventive 1,000mg/day/orl

Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).

Beta-Adrenergic ReceptorBlockerBeta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor1.5 g/day/manCalcium-AntagonistCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CardioprotectiveCold-preventive 1-2 g/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.CollagenicDetoxicantDiuretic 700 mg/man/orlFistula-Preventive Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Hypocholesterolemic 300-1,000 mg/day

Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

Hypoglycemic Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Hypotensive 1,000mg/man/dayImmunomodulatorImmunostimulant Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Interferonogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Lithogenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Mucolytic 1 g/woman/day Martindale's 28thPesticideUricosuric 4 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Urinary-Acidulant Martindale's 29thVasodilatorVulnerary Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).

ASCORBIC-ACID Fruit 40.0 636.0 -0.24 *

Activities (112)

Acidulant FEMA 6,000 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryAldose-Reductase-Inhibitor Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Analgesic 5-10 g/day


Angiotensin-Receptor-BlockerAntiAGE 2,000 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95AntiCFS 500-1,000 mgAntiCTS 1,000 mg 3x/dayAntiCrohn's 50-100mg/day/orl/man

Martindale's 29th

AntiLyme 500-2,000 mgAntiRaynaud's 500 mg 1-2x/dayAntiaggregant Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antiaging 400 mg/dayAntiallergicAntialzheimeran 2,000-6,000mg/dayAntiarthritic 0.2-1 g/dayAntiasthmatic 1,000 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiatheroscleroticAntibacterial Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Anticataract 350 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Anticataract 400 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Anticataract 1 g 3x/dayAnticervicaldysplasic 1,000-2,000 mg/dayAnticlimacteric 500-5,000mg/dayAnticold 1-2 g/man/dayAntidecubitic 500mg/man/2x/day

Martindale's 28th

AntidementiaAntidepressant 2,000 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antidiabetic Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antidote (Aluminum) Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antidote (Cadmium) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidote (Lead) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidote (Paraquat) Martindale's 28thAntieczemic 3.5-5 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiedemic 1 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiencephalitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiendometriotic 2,000mg/dayAntifatigue 500-1,000 mg

Antifibrotic 1,000-2,000 mgAntigallstone 1,000-3,000mg/dayAntigastriticAntigingiviticAntiglaucomic 2 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antihangover 1,000 mgAntihemorrhagic 1 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antihepatitic 2-6 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antihepatotoxic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antiherpetic 1-5 g/dayAntihistaminic 2 g/day orlmanAntihypertensiveAntiinfertility 1 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiinflammatory Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antilepric 1.5 g/man/day Martindale's 28thAntilithic 1,000-3,000 mg/dayAntimaculiticAntimeasles Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antimenopausal 500-5,000mg/dayAntimigraine Martindale's 29thAntimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.AntineuramidaseAntinitrosic 1 g/man/day Martindale's 28thAntiobesity 1 g 3x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiorchitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.


Antiosteoarthritic 1 g 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiosteoporotic 500 mg/dayAntioxidant 100 ppmAntiparkinsonian 1 g 2-3x/dayAntiparotitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiperiodontitic 1 g 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antipneumonic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antipodriac Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antipoliomyelitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antipyretic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antiradicular Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95AntiretinoticAntirheumaticAntirhinitic 1,000 mg 3x/dayAntiscorbutic 10 mg/man/day Martindale's 28thAntiseptic MIC=3.3-217mg/ml

Martindale's 28th

Antiseptic 4-8 g/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Antishingles Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antispasmodic 500-5,000mg/dayAntistress 500-1,000 mgAntisyndrome-X 1-4 g/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antitumor (Gastric)Antitumor (Lung)AntiulcerAntiviral 1-5 g/dayApoptotic 1-10 mMAsthma-preventive 1,000mg/day/orl


Beta-Adrenergic ReceptorBlockerBeta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor1.5 g/day/manCalcium-AntagonistCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CardioprotectiveCold-preventive 1-2 g/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.CollagenicDetoxicantDiuretic 700 mg/man/orlFistula-Preventive Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Hypocholesterolemic 300-1,000 mg/day

Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

Hypoglycemic Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Hypotensive 1,000mg/man/dayImmunomodulatorImmunostimulant Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Interferonogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Lithogenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Mucolytic 1 g/woman/day Martindale's 28thPesticideUricosuric 4 g/man/day Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Urinary-Acidulant Martindale's 29thVasodilatorVulnerary Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).

ASH Fruit 5000.0 35858.0 -0.54 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

ASIATIC-ACID Seed -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

Activities (1)

Collagenic

ASIATIC-ACID Flower -- -- *


Activities (1)

Collagenic

BETA-SITOSTEROL Seed -- -- *

Activities (47)

AndrogenicAngiogenicAnorexic Martindale's 28thAntiadenomic Merck 11th EditionAntiandrogenic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antibacterial Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155.Anticancer (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits

and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.Anticancer (Cervix)Anticancer (Lung)Antiedemic IC54=320 mg/kg orlAntiestrogenic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.

Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Antifertility Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antigonadotrophic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antihyperlipoproteinaemic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.AntiinflammatoryAntileukemicAntilymphomicAntimutagenic 250 ug/mlAntiophidic 2.3 mg mus Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363.Antioxidant IC44=10 uMAntiprogestational Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antiprostaglandin 30 mg/day/12wksAntiprostatadenomic Merck 11th EditionAntiprostatitic 10-20 mg 3x/day/orl manAntipyretic Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.Antitumor (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits

and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.Antitumor (Cervix)Antitumor (Lung)Antiviral Abid Ali Khan, M.M., Jain, D.C., Bhakuni, R.S., Zaim, M., and Thakur, R.S. 1991. Occurrence of some antiviral sterols in Artemisia annua.

Plant Science, 75: 161-165, 1991.ApoptoticArtemicide LC50=110 ppm Jung, J.H., Pummangura, S., Chaichantipyuth, c., Patarapanich, C., and McLaughlin, J.L. 1989. Bioactive Constituents of Melodorum

fruticosum. Phytochemistry. 29(5): 1667-1670. 1990.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Candidicide Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155.Caspase-8-InducerEstrogenicFebrifuge Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.Gonadotrophic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.HepatoprotectiveHypocholesterolemic 2-6g/man/day/orl

Martindale's 30th

Hypocholesterolemic 9-3,330mg/man/day/orl

Martindale's 28th

Hypoglycemic Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal ofEthnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989.

Hypolipidemic 2-6 g/dayPesticideSpermicide Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Ubiquiot Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Ulcerogenic 500 mg/kg ipr rat

BETA-SITOSTEROL Leaf -- -- Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992.Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.


Activities (47)


and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.Anticancer (Cervix)Anticancer (Lung)Antiedemic IC54=320 mg/kg orlAntiestrogenic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Antifertility Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antigonadotrophic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antihyperlipoproteinaemic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &





Martindale's 30th


Martindale's 28th




BETA-SITOSTEROL Fruit 16.0 800.0 0.26 Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids inHuman Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)


Activities (47)


and Cell Cultures. Plant Sci., 131(1): 95-103.

Anticancer (Cervix)Anticancer (Lung)Antiedemic IC54=320 mg/kg orlAntiestrogenic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Antifertility Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antigonadotrophic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antihyperlipoproteinaemic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &





Martindale's 30th


Martindale's 28th




BETA-SITOSTEROL Flower -- -- Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992.Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.


Activities (47)







Martindale's 30th


Martindale's 28th




BETA-SITOSTEROL StemBark

-- -- List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch derPharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.


Activities (47)

AndrogenicAngiogenic

Anorexic Martindale's 28thAntiadenomic Merck 11th EditionAntiandrogenic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antibacterial Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155.Anticancer (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits






Martindale's 30th


Martindale's 28th




BETA-SITOSTEROL Bark -- -- *


Activities (47)

Androgenic

AngiogenicAnorexic Martindale's 28thAntiadenomic Merck 11th EditionAntiandrogenic Malini, T. and Vanithakumari, G. 1989. Rat Toxicity Studies With B-Sitosterol. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 28: 221-234, 1990.Antibacterial Recently became Internat. J. Crude Drug Res. 28(1,2,3,4):1990, page 155.Anticancer (Breast) Madhavi, D. L., Bomser, J., Smith, M., Singletary, K. 1998. Isolation of Bioactive Constituents from Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry) Fruits






Martindale's 30th


Martindale's 28th




BETULIC-ACID Leaf -- -- ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publicationsand Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.

BETULIC-ACID Bark -- -- ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publicationsand Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.

BETULINIC-ACID Leaf -- 2000.0 -0.5 *


Activities (22)

AnthelminticAntiHIV EC50=2.0 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids.

J. Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.AntiHIV IC50=6.5 ug/mlAntiHIV 14.8 uMAntibacterialAnticancer Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Anticarcinomic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.AntiedemicAntiinflammatory Recio, M., et al. 1994. Investigations on the Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Triterpenoids from Diospyros leucomelas*. Planta

Medica, 61: 9.AntileukemicAntimalarial IC50=19-26 ug/mlAntimelanomic New York Times, 3/28/95.AntinociceptiveAntiplasmodial IC50=19-26ug/mlAntitumor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antiviral 14.8 uMApoptoticCytotoxic 50-100 ppm Biosyn. Prod. Cancer Chemotherapy (Petit et al)Cytotoxic 16.4 uMPhospholipase-A2-InhibitorProstaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 200 ug/ml

Dunstan, C. A., Liu, B., Welch, C. J., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Alphitol, a Phenolic Substance from Alphitonia zizyphoides which InhibitsProstaglandin Biosynthesis in vitro. Phytochemistry, 48(3): 495-497.

Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor IC50=101 uM

Huang, C., Tunon, H., Bohlin, L. 1995. Anti-Inflammatory Compounds Isolated from Menyanthes trifoliata L. Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao, 30(8):621-626.

BETULINIC-ACID Bark -- 1500.0 -0.5 *

Activities (22)

AnthelminticAntiHIV EC50=2.0 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids.

J. Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.AntiHIV IC50=6.5 ug/mlAntiHIV 14.8 uMAntibacterialAnticancer Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Anticarcinomic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.AntiedemicAntiinflammatory Recio, M., et al. 1994. Investigations on the Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Triterpenoids from Diospyros leucomelas*. Planta

Medica, 61: 9.AntileukemicAntimalarial IC50=19-26 ug/mlAntimelanomic New York Times, 3/28/95.AntinociceptiveAntiplasmodial IC50=19-26ug/mlAntitumor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antiviral 14.8 uMApoptoticCytotoxic 50-100 ppm Biosyn. Prod. Cancer Chemotherapy (Petit et al)

Cytotoxic 16.4 uMPhospholipase-A2-InhibitorProstaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 200 ug/ml

Dunstan, C. A., Liu, B., Welch, C. J., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Alphitol, a Phenolic Substance from Alphitonia zizyphoides which InhibitsProstaglandin Biosynthesis in vitro. Phytochemistry, 48(3): 495-497.

Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor IC50=101 uM

Huang, C., Tunon, H., Bohlin, L. 1995. Anti-Inflammatory Compounds Isolated from Menyanthes trifoliata L. Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao, 30(8):621-626.

BORIC-ACID Fruit -- 50.0 List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch derPharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.

Activities (1)

Insecticide Forest H. Nielsen, USDA, Grand Forks, various publications.

BREVIFOLIN Leaf -- -- *


Activities (2)

AntioxidantHepatoprotectiveIC10=100 g/ml

Mayumi Ito (nee Someya), et al. 1990. Hepatoprotective Compounds from Canarium album and Euphorbia nematocypha. Chem. Pharm. Bull.38(8): 2201-2203, 1990.

BREVIFOLIN-CARBOXYLIC-ACID Leaf -- -- *

Activities (1)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC50=2.4 uM

Shimizu, M., Horie, S., Terashima, S., Ueno, H., et al. 1989. Studies on Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Natural Products.II. Active Components ofa Paraguayan Crude Drug 'Para-parai mi,' Phyllanthus niruri. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 37(9): 2531-2532, 1989.

BREVIFOLIN-CARBOXYLIC-ACID-10-MONOSULPHATE

Leaf -- -- *

CAFFEIC-ACID Leaf -- -- *

Activities (102)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml(weak activity)

Ichikawa, K., et al. 1991. Isolation and Structure Determination of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Traditional Thai Medicine,and Syntheses of Their Derivatives. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 43: 99-110.

AllergenicAnalgesicAntiHIV EC50=200 ug/mlAntiLegionellaAntiadenoviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.Antiaggregant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor

& Frost, London. 791 pp.AntiagingAntiatherogenicAntibacterialAnticancerAnticarcinogenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntidepressantAntiedemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antielastase IC50=93 um/lAntielastase IC50=86 ug/ml (475 uM)AntiescherichicAntiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.Antigonadotropic Jim Duke's personal files.Antihemolytic 25 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic

Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.Antihepatoadenomic 200 ppm diet orlmusAntihepatotoxicAntiherpetic 50 ug/mlAntiherpetic EC50=>50 ug/mlAntihistaminicAntihypercholesterolemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntihyperthyroidAntiinflammatoryAntileukemic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am

J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.AntileukotrieneAntimelanogenicAntimutagenic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds

in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.Antinitrosaminic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds

in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.AntiophidicAntioxidant 50 uMAntioxidant IC57=30 ppmAntioxidant 1/3 quercetinAntioxidant 30 mMAntioxidant 1.3 x Vit. EAntioxidant 1/2 BHAAntiperoxidant IC50=44 uM Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.Antiperoxidant IC35=200 ug/mlAntiperoxidant IC85=100 ug/mlAntiproliferant Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am

J Chin Med, 31(1):37-46.AntiprostaglandinAntiradicular 10 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic

Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.


Antiradicular 1/3 quercetinAntiradicular 30 mMAntiradicular IC50=32-35 uMAntisepticAntispasmodic EC50=3.4-15 uM Phytotherapy Research, 4: 73.AntistaphylococcicAntistomatitic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.AntisunburnAntithiamin Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69.Antithyroid Jim Duke's personal files.Antitumor 200 ppm diet orl musAntitumor (Skin)Antitumor-Promoter IC42=10 uM Cancer Research, 48: 5941.AntiulcerogenicAntivaccinia Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.Antiviral IC50=62.5 ug/mlAnxiolyticCNS-Active Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393

pp.COX-2-Inhibitor IC32=100 uMCalcium-Antagonist IC50=1.2 uM rbtCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Carcinogenic 2% (diet)ChemopreventiveCholagogue Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393

pp.Choleretic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden,

the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.Clastogenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor

& Frost, London. 791 pp.Co-carcinogenicCollagen-SparingCytoprotective Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The

Pharmaceutical Press, London. 296pp.Cytotoxic TC50=200 ug/mlDNA-Active Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor

& Frost, London. 791 pp.DNA-ProtectiveDiuretic Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393

pp.Fungicide MIC=0.4 mg/mlHepatocarcinogenic 400 ppm diet orlmus (in the absence of alcohol)Hepatoprotective Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific

Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 210.HepatotropicHistamine-InhibitorImmunostimulantInsectifuge Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L.

(Asteraceae). Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994.Leukotriene-InhibitorLipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC27=5 mM Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38:

688-690.Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50=62-148 uMLyase-Inhibitor IC50=94-164 uMMetal-Chelator McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food

and Their Effects on Health, Ch.25.Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.PesticideProoxidantProstaglandigenicSedative 500 mgSunscreen IC50=2.5 mg/l Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2):

134-136, 1993.Sunscreen IC91=5 mg/l Lazarova*, G., Kostova, I., Neychev, H. 1992. Photodynamic damage prevention by some hydroxycoumarins. Fitoterapia 64(2):


134-136, 1993.Tumorigenic Jim Duke's personal files.VulneraryXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=39.21uM

Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh.


CAFFEIC-ACID Plant -- -- *

Activities (102)




& Frost, London. 791 pp.AntiagingAntiatherogenicAntibacterialAnticancerAnticarcinogenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntidepressantAntiedemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antielastase IC50=93 um/lAntielastase IC50=86 ug/ml (475 uM)Antiescherichic

Antiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.Antigonadotropic Jim Duke's personal files.Antihemolytic 25 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic






Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.Antiradicular 1/3 quercetinAntiradicular 30 mMAntiradicular IC50=32-35 uMAntisepticAntispasmodic EC50=3.4-15 uM Phytotherapy Research, 4: 73.AntistaphylococcicAntistomatitic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.AntisunburnAntithiamin Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69.Antithyroid Jim Duke's personal files.Antitumor 200 ppm diet orl musAntitumor (Skin)Antitumor-Promoter IC42=10 uM Cancer Research, 48: 5941.


AntiulcerogenicAntivaccinia Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.Antiviral IC50=62.5 ug/mlAnxiolyticCNS-Active Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393



the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.Clastogenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor

& Frost, London. 791 pp.Co-carcinogenicCollagen-SparingCytoprotective Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The












CAFFEIC-ACID FruitJuice

-- -- *

Activities (102)




& Frost, London. 791 pp.AntiagingAntiatherogenicAntibacterial


AnticancerAnticarcinogenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntidepressantAntiedemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antielastase IC50=93 um/lAntielastase IC50=86 ug/ml (475 uM)AntiescherichicAntiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.Antigonadotropic Jim Duke's personal files.Antihemolytic 25 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic






Acids on Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.Antiradicular 1/3 quercetinAntiradicular 30 mMAntiradicular IC50=32-35 uMAntisepticAntispasmodic EC50=3.4-15 uM Phytotherapy Research, 4: 73.AntistaphylococcicAntistomatitic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.AntisunburnAntithiamin Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69.Antithyroid Jim Duke's personal files.Antitumor 200 ppm diet orl musAntitumor (Skin)Antitumor-Promoter IC42=10 uM Cancer Research, 48: 5941.AntiulcerogenicAntivaccinia Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.Antiviral IC50=62.5 ug/mlAnxiolyticCNS-Active Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393



the C. W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.


Clastogenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor& Frost, London. 791 pp.

Co-carcinogenicCollagen-SparingCytoprotective Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The












CALCIUM Fruit 30.0 650.0 -0.74 *


Activities (28)

AntiPMS 1 g/dayAntiallergic 500 mg/day

Antianxiety Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiarrhythmic 500-1,500 mgAntiarthritic 1,000 mg/dayAntiatherosclerotic 500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Anticlimacteric 1,000-1,500 mg/dayAntidepressant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidote (Aluminum) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidote (Lead) Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antihyperkinetic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntihypertensiveAntiinsomniac Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antimenopausal 1,000-1,500 mg/dayAntiobesityAntiosteoporotic 500-2,000 mg/dayAntiperiodontitic 750 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antirheumatic 1,000 mg/dayAntistress 500-1,500 mg/dayAntitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Anxiolytic 500-1,500 mg/dayCalcium-Channel-BlockerDiureticHypocholesterolemic 500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Hypotensive 1 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Laxative 1,000-1,200 mgTranquilizer 500-1,500 mg/dayVasodilator

CALCIUM-OXALATE Petiole -- 40000.0 *

Activities (4)

EmeticInflammatoryLaxativeLithogenic

CALCIUM-OXALATE Pericarp -- 40000.0 ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publicationsand Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.

Activities (4)

EmeticInflammatoryLaxativeLithogenic

CAMPESTEROL Seed -- -- *

Activities (2)

Antioxidant IC37=10 uMHypocholesterolemic Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.

CARBOHYDRATES Fruit 162000.0 927000.0 0.77 *

CAROTENE Fruit -- 2.0 -0.59 *

CASTALAGIN StemBark


Activities (1)




CASUARIIN StemBark

-- 900.0 *

CASUARIIN Plant -- -- Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia ofBotanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C.W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.

CASUARIIN Bark -- -- *

CASUARININ Leaf -- -- *

Activities (4)

Antiperoxidant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

Lipoxygenase-InhibitorTopoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC100=0.2uM




CASUARININ StemBark

-- 3200.0 *

Activities (4)






CASUARININ Plant -- -- Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia ofBotanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C.W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.

Activities (4)






CASUARININ Bark -- -- Rizk, A.F.M. and Al-Nowaihi, A.S., The Phytochemistry of theHorticultural Plants of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre,University of Qatar.

Activities (4)






CATECHIN FruitJuice

-- -- *


Activities (43)

Allelochemic IC86=1 mM Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants:Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.

Antiaggregant IC68=200 ug/mlAntialcoholic 2,000 mg/man/day Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antiarthritic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antibacterial MIC=>1,000 ug/ml Planta Medica, 57: A42, 1991.AnticariogenicAntiedemic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antiendotoxic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Antiflu Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antihepatitic 1 g 3x/day/man Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antihepatotoxic Merck 11th EditionAntiherpetic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antihistaminic 1,000 mg5x/day/man

Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington(Looseleaf).

Antihyperlipidemic Choi, J.S., Yokozawa,* T., and Oura, H. Antihyperlipidemic Effect Of Flavonoids From Prunus davidiana. Journal of Natural Products,54(1): 218-224, 1991.

Antiinflammatory IC50=80 uM (cfindomethacin IC50=1 uM)Antileukemic IC50=>10 ug/ml Life Sciences 55: 1061.AntilipoperoxidantAntiosteotic 500 mg 3x/day Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antioxidant IC50=0.19 uMAntioxidant 2.4 x Vit. EAntiperiodontal Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antiplaque Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antiprostaglandin IC50=80 uM (cfindomethacin IC50=1 uM)Antiradicular IC50=8 uM Planta Medica, 56(6): 695, 1990.Antisclerodermic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antiulcer 1 g/5x/day/man/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).AntiviralAstringent Merck 11th EditionCOMP-Inhibitor Dullo, A. G., et al. 1999. Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure

and fat oxidation in humans. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, 70: 1040-1045.COX-1-Inhibitor IC50=80 uM (cfindomethacin IC50=1 uM)Cancer-PreventiveCarcinogenicCyclooxygenase-InhibitorFungicide ED50=2.9-4.6 ug/ml Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants:

Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.HemostatHepatoprotective Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific

Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 253.Hypocholesterolemic Choi, J.S., Yokozawa,* T., and Oura, H. Antihyperlipidemic Effect Of Flavonoids From Prunus davidiana. Journal of Natural Products,

54(1): 218-224, 1991.Immunostimulant Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).

Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC96=5mM

Oszmianski, J. and Lee, C.Y. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Phenolics on Carotene Bleaching in Vegetables. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 688-690.

PesticidePropecicXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh.

CATECHIN Leaf -- -- *


Activities (43)

Allelochemic IC86=1 mM Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants:Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.

Antiaggregant IC68=200 ug/mlAntialcoholic 2,000 mg/man/day Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antiarthritic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antibacterial MIC=>1,000 ug/ml Planta Medica, 57: A42, 1991.AnticariogenicAntiedemic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antiendotoxic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antifeedant Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Antiflu Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antihepatitic 1 g 3x/day/man Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antihepatotoxic Merck 11th EditionAntiherpetic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antihistaminic 1,000 mg5x/day/man


Antihyperlipidemic Choi, J.S., Yokozawa,* T., and Oura, H. Antihyperlipidemic Effect Of Flavonoids From Prunus davidiana. Journal of Natural Products,54(1): 218-224, 1991.

Antiinflammatory IC50=80 uM (cfindomethacin IC50=1 uM)Antileukemic IC50=>10 ug/ml Life Sciences 55: 1061.AntilipoperoxidantAntiosteotic 500 mg 3x/day Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antioxidant IC50=0.19 uMAntioxidant 2.4 x Vit. EAntiperiodontal Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antiplaque Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antiprostaglandin IC50=80 uM (cfindomethacin IC50=1 uM)Antiradicular IC50=8 uM Planta Medica, 56(6): 695, 1990.Antisclerodermic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Antiulcer 1 g/5x/day/man/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).AntiviralAstringent Merck 11th EditionCOMP-Inhibitor Dullo, A. G., et al. 1999. Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure

and fat oxidation in humans. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, 70: 1040-1045.COX-1-Inhibitor IC50=80 uM (cfindomethacin IC50=1 uM)Cancer-PreventiveCarcinogenicCyclooxygenase-InhibitorFungicide ED50=2.9-4.6 ug/ml Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants:

Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.HemostatHepatoprotective Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific

Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 253.Hypocholesterolemic Choi, J.S., Yokozawa,* T., and Oura, H. Antihyperlipidemic Effect Of Flavonoids From Prunus davidiana. Journal of Natural Products,

54(1): 218-224, 1991.Immunostimulant Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC96=5mM


PesticidePropecicXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh.

CATECHIN-(4,8)-GALLOCATECHIN Fruit -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

CATECHINS Fruit -- -- Newman, R. A., Lansky, E. P., with Block, M. L. 2007. Pomegranate -The Most Medicinal Fruit. Basic Health Publications, Laguna Beach,CA. 120 pp.


Activities (1)

Tyrosine-Kinase-Inhibitor

CEREBROSIDE Seed -- -- *

CHLORINE Fruit -- 20.0 -0.69 ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publicationsand Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.

Activities (7)

Antibacterial Martindale's 29thAntiherpetic Martindale's 29thAntiseptic Martindale's 29thAntiviral Martindale's 29thCandidicide Martindale's 29thFungicide Martindale's 29thPesticide

CHLOROGENIC-ACID Fruit -- -- *

Activities (77)

Aldose-Reductase-InhibitorIC50=1.8 uM rat (strongactivity)

Yoshikawa, M., et al. 1999. Medicinal Flowers. I. Aldose Reductase Inhibitors and Three New Eudesmane-Type Sesquiterpenes, KikkanolsA, B, and C, From the Flowers of Chrysanthemum inducum L. Chem Pharm Bull, 47(3): 340-345.

AllelochemicAllergenicAnalgesicAntiEBV Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntiHIV Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntiLegionellaAntiatheroscleroticAntibacterialAnticancer (Colon)Anticancer (Forestomach)Anticancer (Liver)Anticancer (Skin)AnticarcinogenicAntidiabeticAntifeedantAntigenotoxicAntigonadotropic Jim Duke's personal files.Antihemolytic 10 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on

Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.

AntihepatotoxicAntiherpetic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194.AntihistaminicAntihypercholesterolemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntihyperthyroidAntiinflammatory Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.AntileukotrieneAntimelanogenicAntimutagenicAntinitrosaminicAntioxidant IC53=200 ppm Huang, M-T., and Ferraro, T. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Cancer Prevention. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on

Health, Ch.2 p.21.Antioxidant IC80=12 uMAntioxidant IC50=54.2 uMAntiperoxidant IC50=36 uM Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.Antipolio Jim Duke's personal files.Antiradicular 10 uM Ohnishi, M., Morishita, H., Iwahashi, H., Toda, S., Shirataki, Y., Kimura, M., and Kido, R. 1993. Inhibitory Effects of Chlorogenic Acids on

Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.Antiradicular 9 x quercetinAntisepticAntisunburnAntithyroid Jim Duke's personal files.Antitumor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor (Forestomach)Antitumor (Liver)Antitumor (Skin)


Antitumor-Promoter IC25=10uMAntiulcer Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antiviral Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart.AutotoxicCNS-Active Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.CNS-Stimulant 1/6 CaffeineCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CardioprotectiveChemopreventiveCholagogue Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.Choleretic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Clastogenic Friedman, M. and Dao, L. 1990. Effect of Autoclaving and Conventional and Microwave Baking on the Ergot Alkaloid and Chlorogenic

Acid Contents of Morning Glory (Ipomoea tricolor Cav. cv.) Heavenly Blue Seeds. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 805-808.Collagen-SparingDiureticFungicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Hepatoprotective Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Histamine-InhibitorHypoglycemicImmunostimulantInsectifuge Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae).

Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994.Interferonogenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 124.Juvabional Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Larvistat Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Leukotriene-InhibitorLipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC23=5mM


Metal-Chelator McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food andTheir Effects on Health, Ch.25.

NO-GenicOrnithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor

Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.

Oviposition-Stimulant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

PesticideSunscreenSweetener Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Vulnerary

CHLOROGENIC-ACID Leaf -- -- *

Activities (77)




Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.AntihepatotoxicAntiherpetic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194.AntihistaminicAntihypercholesterolemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.


AntihyperthyroidAntiinflammatory Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.AntileukotrieneAntimelanogenicAntimutagenicAntinitrosaminicAntioxidant IC53=200 ppm Huang, M-T., and Ferraro, T. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Cancer Prevention. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on



London. 791 pp.

Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor (Forestomach)Antitumor (Liver)Antitumor (Skin)Antitumor-Promoter IC25=10uMAntiulcer Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antiviral Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart.AutotoxicCNS-Active Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.CNS-Stimulant 1/6 CaffeineCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CardioprotectiveChemopreventiveCholagogue Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.Choleretic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Clastogenic Friedman, M. and Dao, L. 1990. Effect of Autoclaving and Conventional and Microwave Baking on the Ergot Alkaloid and Chlorogenic

Acid Contents of Morning Glory (Ipomoea tricolor Cav. cv.) Heavenly Blue Seeds. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 805-808.Collagen-SparingDiureticFungicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Hepatoprotective Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Histamine-InhibitorHypoglycemicImmunostimulantInsectifuge Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae).









CHLOROGENIC-ACID FruitJuice

-- -- *

Activities (77)





Linoleic Acid Peroxidation and Haemolysis. Phytochemistry. 36(3): 579-583. 1994.AntihepatotoxicAntiherpetic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194.AntihistaminicAntihypercholesterolemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntihyperthyroidAntiinflammatory Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.AntileukotrieneAntimelanogenicAntimutagenicAntinitrosaminicAntioxidant IC53=200 ppm Huang, M-T., and Ferraro, T. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Cancer Prevention. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on



London. 791 pp.Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor (Forestomach)Antitumor (Liver)Antitumor (Skin)Antitumor-Promoter IC25=10uMAntiulcer Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antiviral Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart.AutotoxicCNS-Active Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.CNS-Stimulant 1/6 CaffeineCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CardioprotectiveChemopreventiveCholagogue Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.Choleretic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Clastogenic Friedman, M. and Dao, L. 1990. Effect of Autoclaving and Conventional and Microwave Baking on the Ergot Alkaloid and Chlorogenic

Acid Contents of Morning Glory (Ipomoea tricolor Cav. cv.) Heavenly Blue Seeds. J. Agric. Food Chem. 38: 805-808.Collagen-SparingDiureticFungicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Hepatoprotective Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Histamine-Inhibitor

Hypoglycemic


ImmunostimulantInsectifuge Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae).









CHOLESTEROL Seed -- -- *

Activities (1)

Antioxidant IC43=10 uM

CINNAMIC-ACID Fruit -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

Activities (18)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4ug/ml (weak activity)

Ichikawa, K., et al. 1991. Isolation and Structure Determination of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Traditional Thai Medicine, andSyntheses of Their Derivatives. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 43: 99-110.

AllergenicAnestheticAntibacterial Martindale's 28thAntiinflammatoryAntimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.Antispasmodic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CholereticDermatitigenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.FLavor FEMA 4-40 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryFungicideHerbicideLaxativeLipoxygenase-InhibitorPesticideTyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=700uMVermifuge

CIS-9,TRANS-11,CIS-13-TRIENE-ACID Seed -- -- List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch derPharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.

CITRIC-ACID FruitJuice

8100.0 12300.0 -1.0 *


Activities (23)

AllergenicAlpha-Amylase-InhibitorAntiaphthic20,000 ppm

Martindale's 28th

AntiatheroscleroticAntibacterialAnticalculicAnticoagulant Merck 11th EditionAntileishmanicAntimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.AntioxidantSynergist

Merck 11th Edition

AntiseborrheicAntiseptic Martindale's 29thAntitubercularAntitumor Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.Disinfectant Martindale's 29thFLavor FEMA 370-4,400

Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry

HemostatIrritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for

Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.Laxative? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Sep-91.Litholytic Martindale's 29thMycobactericideOdontolytic Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets for

Research and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.Refrigerant Martindale's 28th

CONIFERYL-9-O-[BETA-D-APIOFURANOSYL(1-6)]-O-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE

Seed -- -- *

CONIINE Plant -- -- Willaman, J. J., Schubert, B. G. 1961. Alkaloid Bearing Plants and theirContained Alkaloids. ARS, USDA, Tech. Bull. 1234, Supt. Doc.,Washington D.C.

Activities (2)

Emetic Merck 11th EditionParalytic Merck 11th Edition

CONJUGATED-LINOLEIC-ACID Seed -- -- *

Activities (3)

Antiinflammatory Newman, R. A., Lansky, E. P., with Block, M. L. 2007. Pomegranate - The Most Medicinal Fruit. Basic Health Publications, Laguna Beach, CA. 120 pp.Antiobesity Newman, R. A., Lansky, E. P., with Block, M. L. 2007. Pomegranate - The Most Medicinal Fruit. Basic Health Publications, Laguna Beach, CA. 120 pp.Thermogenic Newman, R. A., Lansky, E. P., with Block, M. L. 2007. Pomegranate - The Most Medicinal Fruit. Basic Health Publications, Laguna Beach, CA. 120 pp.

CONJUGATED-LINOLENIC-ACID Seed -- -- *

COPPER Fruit -- 2.0 -0.84 ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publicationsand Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.

Activities (12)

AntianemicAntiarthriticAntidiabetic 2-4 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antifatigue

Antiinflammatory Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antinociceptive Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiosteoporoticCardioprotectiveContraceptive Martindale's 28thHypocholesterolemic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.ImmunomodulatorSchizophrenigenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

CORILAGIN Leaf -- -- *


Activities (13)

ACE-InhibitorIC50=3.7 mM/lAntiallergicAntiasthmaticAntihepatotoxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.AntiinflammatoryAntilipolyticAntimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.Antioxidant Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. Antioxidants & Cancer Prevention. Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T. and Lee, C.Y. eds. 1992. ACS

Symposium Series 507.ACS, Washington 402 pp.Antiperoxidant Okuda, T., Yoshida, T., and Hatano, T. Antioxidant Effects of Tannins and Related Polyphenols. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on

Health, Ch.7 p.93.AntiradicularTopoisomerase-I-Inhibitor IC50=40 uM

Hecht, S. M., Berry, D. E., MacKenzie, L. J., Busby, R. W., Nasuti, C. A. 1992. A Strategy For Identifying Novel, Mechanistically Unique Inhibitors ofTopoisomerase I. J Natural Products, 55: 401-413.



Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=>40uM


COUMESTROL Seed -- -- *

Activities (13)

Antilipedemic ED50=0.4 mg/kgAntimicrobialAntiosteoporotic 10 mg/kgEstrogenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Fungicide EC50=>100Fungicide IC3-4=100 uMHypocholesterolemic ED50=0.4mg/kgNematicide ED50=10-15 ug/ml Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Nematistat 5-25 ug/ml Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Peroxidase-Inhibitor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.PesticidePhytoalexin Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Uterotrophic ED50=0.4 mg/kg

COUMESTROL Plant -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

Activities (13)

Antilipedemic ED50=0.4 mg/kgAntimicrobial

Antiosteoporotic 10 mg/kgEstrogenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Fungicide EC50=>100Fungicide IC3-4=100 uMHypocholesterolemic ED50=0.4mg/kgNematicide ED50=10-15 ug/ml Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Nematistat 5-25 ug/ml Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Peroxidase-Inhibitor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.PesticidePhytoalexin Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Uterotrophic ED50=0.4 mg/kg

CYANIDIN Fruit -- -- *


Activities (7)

AllelochemicIC90=1 mM

Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advancesin Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.

AntioxidantID50=3.5-22 uMAntioxidant 4.4 xVit. EMetal-Chelator(Copper)PesticidePigment Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.Prooxidant

CYANIDIN-3,5-DI-O-GLUCOSIDE FruitJuice

-- -- *

CYANIDIN-3,5-DIGLUCOSIDE Fruit -- -- Rizk, A.F.M. and Al-Nowaihi, A.S., The Phytochemistry of theHorticultural Plants of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre,University of Qatar.

CYANIDIN-3-GLUCOSIDE Fruit -- -- *

CYANIDIN-3-O-GLUCOSIDE FruitJuice

-- -- *

Activities (19)

AntidiabeticAntihyperglycemicAntihyperinsulinemicAntihyperleptinemicAntiinflammatoryAntiobesityAntioxidantAntiradicularAntitumor (Breast) IC25=158ug/mlAntitumor (Colon) IC40=158ug/mlAntitumor (Lung) IC50=158ug/mlCOX-1-Inhibitor IC30=100ug/mlCOX-2-Inhibitor IC59=100ug/mlInsulinogenicLarvistat Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.

LipolyticPesticidePigment Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Secretogogue

CYANIDIN-3-RUTINOSIDE Fruit -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

Activities (1)

Antioxidant

CYCLIC-2,4,3,6-BIS(4,4',5,5',6,6'HEXAHYDROXYL[1,1'-BIPHENYL]2,2'-DICARBOXYLATE)1(3,4,5-TRIHYDROXYBENZOATE)BETA-D-GLUCOSE


D-MANNITOL StemBark

-- -- =ICMR(Indian Council of Medical Research).1976.Medicinal Plants ofIndia.Vol.1.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambridge Printing Works, NewDelhi.487 pp;ICMR.1987.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.2.Indian Councilof Med. Res.Cambr. Printing Works,New Delhi.600pp

D-MANNITOL Stem -- -- =ICMR(Indian Council of Medical Research).1976.Medicinal Plants ofIndia.Vol.1.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambridge Printing Works, NewDelhi.487 pp;ICMR.1987.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.2.Indian Councilof Med. Res.Cambr. Printing Works,New Delhi.600pp


D-MANNITOL Seed -- -- =ICMR(Indian Council of Medical Research).1976.Medicinal Plants ofIndia.Vol.1.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambridge Printing Works, NewDelhi.487 pp;ICMR.1987.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.2.Indian Councilof Med. Res.Cambr. Printing Works,New Delhi.600pp

D-MANNITOL Root -- -- =ICMR(Indian Council of Medical Research).1976.Medicinal Plants ofIndia.Vol.1.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambridge Printing Works, NewDelhi.487 pp;ICMR.1987.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.2.Indian Councilof Med. Res.Cambr. Printing Works,New Delhi.600pp

D-MANNITOL Leaf -- -- =ICMR(Indian Council of Medical Research).1976.Medicinal Plants ofIndia.Vol.1.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambridge Printing Works, NewDelhi.487 pp;ICMR.1987.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.2.Indian Councilof Med. Res.Cambr. Printing Works,New Delhi.600pp

D-MANNITOL Bark -- -- *

DAUCOSTEROL Flower -- -- *

Activities (5)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 0.1mM/l rat (weak activity, 31.9%inhibition)

Fujita, T., Ohira, K., Miyatake, K., Nakano, Y., Nakayama, M. 1995. Inhibitory Effect of Perillosides A and C, Related MonoterpeneGlucosides on Aldose Reductase and Their Structure-Activity Relationships. Chem Pharm Bull, 43(6): 920-926.

AntileukemicAntispasmodic 20 mg/kg =ICMR(Indian Council of Medical Research).1976.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.1.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambridge Printing

Works, New Delhi.487 pp;ICMR.1987.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.2.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambr. Printing Works,NewDelhi.600pp

AntitumorHypoglycemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 158.

DAUCOSTEROL Seed -- -- *

Activities (5)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 0.1mM/l rat (weak activity, 31.9%inhibition)

Fujita, T., Ohira, K., Miyatake, K., Nakano, Y., Nakayama, M. 1995. Inhibitory Effect of Perillosides A and C, Related MonoterpeneGlucosides on Aldose Reductase and Their Structure-Activity Relationships. Chem Pharm Bull, 43(6): 920-926.

AntileukemicAntispasmodic 20 mg/kg =ICMR(Indian Council of Medical Research).1976.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.1.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambridge Printing

Works, New Delhi.487 pp;ICMR.1987.Medicinal Plants of India.Vol.2.Indian Council of Med. Res.Cambr. Printing Works,NewDelhi.600pp

AntitumorHypoglycemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 158.

DELPHINIDIN Fruit -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

Activities (9)

AllelochemicIC81=1 mM

Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent Advancesin Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.

AllergenicAntioxidantID50=0.7-2.4 uMCancer-Preventive

Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.

Metal-Chelator(Copper)NO-InhibitorIC78=250 uMPesticidePigment Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.Prooxidant

DELPHINIDIN-3,5-DI-O-GLUCOSIDE FruitJuice

-- -- *

DELPHINIDIN-3,5-DIGLUCOSIDE Pericarp -- -- Rizk, A.F.M. and Al-Nowaihi, A.S., The Phytochemistry of theHorticultural Plants of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre,University of Qatar.

DELPHINIDIN-3-GLUCOSIDE Fruit -- -- Rizk, A.F.M. and Al-Nowaihi, A.S., The Phytochemistry of theHorticultural Plants of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre,University of Qatar.

Activities (1)

Antioxidant


DELPHINIDIN-3-O-GLUCOSIDE FruitJuice

-- -- *

DI-O-PUNICYL-O-OCTADECA-8Z,11Z,13E-TRIENYLGLYCEROL


DIELLAGIC-ACID-RHAMNOSYL-(1-4)-GLUCOSIDE

HeartWood


EICOSENOIC-ACID Seed -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

ELAIDIC-ACID Pericarp -- 5500.0 Rizk, A.F.M. and Al-Nowaihi, A.S., The Phytochemistry of theHorticultural Plants of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre,University of Qatar.

Activities (2)

Antiinflammatory IC50=54 uMAntileukotriene-D4 IC50=54 uM

ELLAGIC-ACID Flower -- -- *


Activities (51)

ACE-Inhibitor IC50=5 mM/lAbortifacient 1.2 mg/kg ivnmusAldose-Reductase-InhibitorIC50=0.2 uMAldose-Reductase-InhibitorIC50=0.2 ug/ml (strongactivity)AntiGTF ID50=20 ug/mlAntiHIV IC90=200 ug/ml Tan, G.T., Pezzuto, J.M., Kinghorn,* A.D., Hughes, S.H. Evaluation Of Natural Products As Inhibitors Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Type 1 (HIV-1) Reverse Transcriptase. Journal of Natural Products, 54(1): 143-154, 1991.AntiaflatoxinAntianaphylacticAntibacterial 1,250 ug/mlAntibacterial ID50=20 ug/mlAnticancer (Cervix) Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Anticancer (Colon) Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Anticancer (Esophagus) Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Anticancer (Mouth) Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Anticariogenic ID50=20 ug/mlAnticataract Shimizu, M., Horie, S., Terashima, S., Ueno, H., et al. 1989. Studies on Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Natural Products.II. Active

Components of a Paraguayan Crude Drug 'Para-parai mi,' Phyllanthus niruri. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 37(9): 2531-2532, 1989.Antigingivitic 1,250 ug/mlAntihyperthyroidAntiinflammatoryAntimalarial IC50=0.5 uM Rukunga, G. and Simons, A. J. 2006. The Potential of Plants as a Source of Antimalarial Agents - A Review. Africa Herbal Antimalaria

Meeting. PlantaPhile Publications, Berlin. 72 pp.AntimutagenicAntioxidant >50 x tocopherol Osawa, T. Phenolic Antioxidants in Dietary Plants as Antimutagens.Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.11 p.142.Antioxidant IC98=30 ppmAntioxidant 2/3 quercetinAntiperiodontic 1,250 ug/mlAntiperoxidant IC50=29 uM Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.Antiplaque 1,250 ug/mlAntiplasmodial IC50=0.5 uM Rukunga, G. and Simons, A. J. 2006. The Potential of Plants as a Source of Antimalarial Agents - A Review. Africa Herbal Antimalaria

Meeting. PlantaPhile Publications, Berlin. 72 pp.Antiseptic 1,250 ug/mlAntistreptococcic ID50=20ug/mlAntithyroid Jim Duke's personal files.AntitumorAntiviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 224.Antiyeast IC50=10.5 uMApoptotic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Astringent Martindale's 29thCancer-Preventive 3 ppmCandida-SAP-InhibitorIC50=8.4 uMCytotoxic 4.6 ug/ml Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific

Publishing Co., Philadelphia Pa., page 359.Deiodinase-Inhibitor Jim Duke's personal files.DetoxicantGlucosyl-Transferase-InhibitorID50=20 ug/mlHIV-RT-Inhibitor Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 224.Hemostatic Merck 11th EditionHepatoprotective IC55=30ug/ml

Mayumi Ito (nee Someya), et al. 1990. Hepatoprotective Compounds from Canarium album and Euphorbia nematocypha. Chem. Pharm.Bull. 38(8): 2201-2203, 1990.

Juvabional Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.PesticideQuinone-Reductase-Inducer0.4 g/kg rat

Ahn, D., Putt, D., Kresty, L., Stoner, G. D., Fromm, D., Hollenberg, P. F. 1996. The Effects of Dietary Ellagic Acid on Rat Hepatic andEsophageal Mucosal Cytochromes P450 and Phase II Enzymes. Carcinogenesis, 17(4): 821-828.

Sunscreen 0.50% Jim Duke's personal files.Topoisomerase-I-Antagonist Journal of Medicinal Food 2: 167.1999.Xanthine-Oxidase-InhibitorIC50=3.1 uM

Hatano, T., Yasuhara, T., Yoshihara, R., Agata, I., Noro, T., and Okuda, T. 1989. Effects of Interaction of Tannins with Co-existingSubstances.VII. Inhibitory Effects of Tannins Related Polyphenols on Xanthine Oxidase. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(5): 1224-1229

ELLAGIC-ACID StemBark

-- -- Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)


Activities (51)












ELLAGIC-ACID Seed -- -- *


Activities (51)












ELLAGIC-ACID Fruit -- -- *


Activities (51)





Meeting. PlantaPhile Publications, Berlin. 72 pp.

Antiseptic 1,250 ug/mlAntistreptococcic ID50=20ug/mlAntithyroid Jim Duke's personal files.AntitumorAntiviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 224.Antiyeast IC50=10.5 uMApoptotic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Astringent Martindale's 29thCancer-Preventive 3 ppmCandida-SAP-InhibitorIC50=8.4 uMCytotoxic 4.6 ug/ml Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific







ELLAGIC-ACID Leaf -- -- *


Activities (51)




Meeting. PlantaPhile Publications, Berlin. 72 pp.AntimutagenicAntioxidant >50 x tocopherol Osawa, T. Phenolic Antioxidants in Dietary Plants as Antimutagens.Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.11 p.142.

Antioxidant IC98=30 ppmAntioxidant 2/3 quercetinAntiperiodontic 1,250 ug/mlAntiperoxidant IC50=29 uM Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.Antiplaque 1,250 ug/mlAntiplasmodial IC50=0.5 uM Rukunga, G. and Simons, A. J. 2006. The Potential of Plants as a Source of Antimalarial Agents - A Review. Africa Herbal Antimalaria








ELLAGIC-ACID Pericarp -- -- *


Activities (51)



Components of a Paraguayan Crude Drug 'Para-parai mi,' Phyllanthus niruri. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 37(9): 2531-2532, 1989.

Antigingivitic 1,250 ug/mlAntihyperthyroidAntiinflammatoryAntimalarial IC50=0.5 uM Rukunga, G. and Simons, A. J. 2006. The Potential of Plants as a Source of Antimalarial Agents - A Review. Africa Herbal Antimalaria









ELLAGIC-ACID Bark -- -- *


Activities (51)


Type 1 (HIV-1) Reverse Transcriptase. Journal of Natural Products, 54(1): 143-154, 1991.AntiaflatoxinAntianaphylacticAntibacterial 1,250 ug/ml

Antibacterial ID50=20 ug/mlAnticancer (Cervix) Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Anticancer (Colon) Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Anticancer (Esophagus) Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Anticancer (Mouth) Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Anticariogenic ID50=20 ug/mlAnticataract Shimizu, M., Horie, S., Terashima, S., Ueno, H., et al. 1989. Studies on Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Natural Products.II. Active










ELLAGITANNIN StemBark

-- -- Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia ofBotanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C.W. Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.


Activities (8)

AntiHIVAntiallergic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel

Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.

AntioxidantAntitumorCardiotoxicImmunostimulant Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel

Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.Interferonogenic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel

Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.Reverse-Transcriptase-Inhibitor

ELLAGITANNIN Leaf -- -- Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992.Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Activities (8)


Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.AntioxidantAntitumorCardiotoxicImmunostimulant Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel



ELLAGITANNIN Bark -- -- *

Activities (8)


Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.AntioxidantAntitumorCardiotoxicImmunostimulant Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel



EPICATECHIN Leaf -- -- *


Activities (40)

Allelochemic IC100=1mM

Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: RecentAdvances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.

AnabolicAntiEBV Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntiHIV EC50=2 ug/mlAntiaggregantIC94=200 ug/mlAntianaphylacticAntibacterialMIC=>1,000 ug/mlAnticomplementary 1/2aspirinAntidiabetic 30 mg/kgratAntifeedantAntihepatitic Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart.Antihyperglycemic

AntiinflammatoryAntileukemic IC50=>10ug/mlAntilipoperoxidantAntimutagenicAntioxidant IC50=6.3ug/ml

Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone SpontaneouslyHypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990.

Antioxidant 2.5 x Vit. EAntioxidant IC50=10.2uMAntioxidant 3/4quercetinAntiperoxidant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.AntiviralCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CardiotonicCholine-Sparing Singleton, V.L. 1981. Naturally Occurring Food Toxicants: Phenolic Substances of Plant Origin Common in Foods. Advances in Food Research 27:

149-217.HepatotropicHypocholesterolemic Singleton, V.L. 1981. Naturally Occurring Food Toxicants: Phenolic Substances of Plant Origin Common in Foods. Advances in Food Research 27:

149-217.HypoglycemicInsulinogenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 170.Interleukin-1-alpha-InhibitorInterleukin-6-mRNA-InhibitorLipoxygenase-InhibitorIC50=140 uM

Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health. Antioxidants & Cancer Prevention. Huang, M.T., Ho, C.T. and Lee, C.Y. eds. 1992. ACSSymposium Series 507.ACS, Washington 402 pp.

Lipoxygenase-InhibitorIC97=5 mM


NO-InhibitorPancreatogenicPeroxynitrite-ScavengerIC50=0.181 ug/mlPesticidePropecicTNF-alpha-InhibitorXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=>40

EPICATECHIN FruitJuice

-- -- *


Activities (40)

Allelochemic IC100=1mM


AnabolicAntiEBV Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntiHIV EC50=2 ug/mlAntiaggregantIC94=200 ug/mlAntianaphylacticAntibacterialMIC=>1,000 ug/mlAnticomplementary 1/2aspirinAntidiabetic 30 mg/kgratAntifeedantAntihepatitic Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart.AntihyperglycemicAntiinflammatoryAntileukemic IC50=>10ug/ml

AntilipoperoxidantAntimutagenicAntioxidant IC50=6.3ug/ml


Antioxidant 2.5 x Vit. EAntioxidant IC50=10.2uMAntioxidant 3/4quercetinAntiperoxidant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.AntiviralCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CardiotonicCholine-Sparing Singleton, V.L. 1981. Naturally Occurring Food Toxicants: Phenolic Substances of Plant Origin Common in Foods. Advances in Food Research 27:

149-217.HepatotropicHypocholesterolemic Singleton, V.L. 1981. Naturally Occurring Food Toxicants: Phenolic Substances of Plant Origin Common in Foods. Advances in Food Research 27:

149-217.HypoglycemicInsulinogenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 170.Interleukin-1-alpha-InhibitorInterleukin-6-mRNA-InhibitorLipoxygenase-InhibitorIC50=140 uM


Lipoxygenase-InhibitorIC97=5 mM


NO-InhibitorPancreatogenicPeroxynitrite-ScavengerIC50=0.181 ug/mlPesticidePropecicTNF-alpha-InhibitorXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=>40

EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE Leaf -- -- *

Activities (2)

AntiproliferantVEGF-Inhibitor 5-50 ug/ml

EPIGALLOCATECHIN-3-GALLATE FruitJuice

-- -- *

Activities (2)

AntiproliferantVEGF-Inhibitor 5-50 ug/ml


ERIODICTYOL-7-O-ALPHA-L-ARABINOFURANOSYL-(1,6)-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE


ESCHWEILENOL-C HeartWood


ESTRADIOL Seed -- -- Rizk, A.F.M. and Al-Nowaihi, A.S., The Phytochemistry of theHorticultural Plants of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre,University of Qatar.

Activities (3)

Carcinogenic (Breast)Carcinogenic (Endometrium)Estrogenic

ESTRIOL Seed -- -- *

Activities (6)

AntiHot-FlashAntiestrogenicAntimenopausalAntitumor (Breast)Estrogenic 500 ug/day/orl/wmn Martindale's 29thTransdermal

ESTRONE Seed 4.0 17.0 1.0 *

Activities (8)

Antiimpotence Martindale's 28thAntimenopausal 0.7-2.8 mg/day/orl/wmn Martindale's 29thAntiprostatadenomicAntivaginiticAphrodisiacCarcinogenicEstrogenic 0.1-5 mg/woman/day Martindale's 28thTransdermal

ETHYL-BREVIFOLIN-CARBOXYLATE Flower -- -- *

Activities (1)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC50=5 uM

Shimizu, M., Horie, S., Terashima, S., Ueno, H., et al. 1989. Studies on Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Natural Products.II. Active Components of aParaguayan Crude Drug 'Para-parai mi,' Phyllanthus niruri. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 37(9): 2531-2532, 1989.

FAT Seed 50000.0 200000.0 -0.34 List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch derPharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.

FAT Fruit 1000.0 38000.0 -0.35 *

FERULIC-ACID Fruit -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

Activities (61)

Allelopathic Holappa, L.D., and Blum*, U. 1991. Effects of Exogenously Applied Ferulic Acid, a Potential Allelopathic Compound, on Leaf Growth, WaterUtilization, and Endogenous Abscisic Acid Levels of Tomato, Cucumber, and Bean. J. of Chemical Ecology, 17(5): 865.

Analgesic Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co.,Philadelphia Pa., page 69.

Antiaggregant Ozaki, Y. and Ma, J-P. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine and Ferulic Acid on Spontaneous Movement of Rat Uterus in Situ. Chem.Pharm. Bull. 38(6): 1620-1623, 1990.

Antiallergic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.AntiarrhythmicAntibacterial Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Anticancer (Colon)Anticancer(Forestomach)Anticancer (Liver)Anticancer (Skin)AnticarcinogenicAntidysmenorrheic


Antiestrogenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

Antihepatotoxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

AntiherpeticAntiinflammatory Hagerman, A.E. Tannin-Protein Interactions. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.19.Antileukemic IC50=25-56 ug/ml

Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,31(1):37-46.

Antimitotic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

Antimutagenic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food andTheir Effects on Health, Ch.18.

Antineoplastic(Stomach)Antinitrosaminic Ki Soon Rhee. Oilseed Food Ingredients Used To Minimize Oxidative Flavor Deterioration in Meat Products. Phenolic Compounds in Food and

Their Effects on Health, Ch.18.Antioxidant 3,000 uMAntioxidant IC51=200ppmAntioxidant 1/3quercetinAntioxidant 1/2 BHAAntioxidant EC50=9-15ug/mlAntiradicular EC50=9-15ug/mlAntiradicular IC50=116-124 uMAntiserotonin Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antispasmodic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Antithrombic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Antitumor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor(Forestomach)Antitumor (Liver)Antitumor (Skin)Antitumor-PromoterIC46=10 uM

Cancer Research, 48: 5941.

Antiviral Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart.Arteriodilator Ozaki, Y. and Ma, J-P. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine and Ferulic Acid on Spontaneous Movement of Rat Uterus in Situ. Chem.

Pharm. Bull. 38(6): 1620-1623, 1990.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Candidicide Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Cardiac Ozaki, Y. and Ma, J-P. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine and Ferulic Acid on Spontaneous Movement of Rat Uterus in Situ. Chem.

Pharm. Bull. 38(6): 1620-1623, 1990.Cholagogue Pharmazie, 46: 156, 1991.Choleretic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel

Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.Fungicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Hepatoprotective Mills, Simon and Bone, Kerry. 2000. Phytotherapy. Churchill Livinston, Edinburgh.HepatotropicHerbicide Angewandte Botanik 68(5/6)=1994. Page 195.Hydrocholerectic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.HypolipidemicImmunostimulant Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 124.Insectifuge Tunon, H., Thorsell, W., and Bohlin, L. 1993. Mosquito Repelling Activity of Compounds Occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae).

Economic Botany 48(2): 111-120, 1994.Metal-Chelator McEvily, A.J., Iyengar, R., and Gross, A.T. Inhibition of Polyphenol Oxidase by Phenolic Compounds. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their

Effects on Health, Ch.25.Ornithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor


PesticidePhagocytoticPreservative Merck 11th EditionProstaglandigenicProstaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 0.58-3.2 mM

Xu, L. N., Yu, W. G., Tian, J. Y., Liu, Q. Y. 1990. Effect of Sodium Ferulate on Arachidonic Acid Metabolism. Yao Hsueh Hsueh Pao, 25(6): 412-416.

Sunscreen Chemical Marketing Reporter; a weekly tabloid, 9/10/92.Uterosedative 30-100mg/kg ivn rat

Ozaki, Y. and Ma, J-P. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine and Ferulic Acid on Spontaneous Movement of Rat Uterus in Situ. Chem.Pharm. Bull. 38(6): 1620-1623, 1990.


FIBER Seed -- 224000.0 0.7 ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publicationsand Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.

Activities (15)

Angiotensin-Receptor-BlockerAntidiabeticAntihypertensiveAntiobesityAntitumor Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiulcer Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Beta-BlockerCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CardioprotectiveDiureticHypocholesterolemicHypotensive 10 g/man/day/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).HypouricemicLaxativeVasodilator

FIBER Fruit 2000.0 232000.0 0.85 *

Activities (15)

Angiotensin-Receptor-BlockerAntidiabeticAntihypertensiveAntiobesityAntitumor Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiulcer Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Beta-BlockerCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CardioprotectiveDiureticHypocholesterolemicHypotensive 10 g/man/day/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).HypouricemicLaxativeVasodilator

FLAVAN-3-OL Fruit -- -- *

FLAVAN-3-OL Leaf -- -- *

FLAVOGALLOL Pericarp -- -- Rizk, A.F.M. and Al-Nowaihi, A.S., The Phytochemistry of theHorticultural Plants of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre,University of Qatar.

FLAVONES Fruit -- -- Newman, R. A., Lansky, E. P., with Block, M. L. 2007. Pomegranate -The Most Medicinal Fruit. Basic Health Publications, Laguna Beach,CA. 120 pp.

FLAVONOIDS Fruit -- -- Newman, R. A., Lansky, E. P., with Block, M. L. 2007. Pomegranate -The Most Medicinal Fruit. Basic Health Publications, Laguna Beach,CA. 120 pp.

FLAVONOLS Fruit -- -- Newman, R. A., Lansky, E. P., with Block, M. L. 2007. Pomegranate -The Most Medicinal Fruit. Basic Health Publications, Laguna Beach,CA. 120 pp.

FLUORIDE Plant 0.2 0.3 -0.83 *

Activities (3)

Anticariogenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiosteoporotic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiosteosclerotic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

FRIEDELIN Bark -- -- *


Activities (2)

Antiinflammatory 30mg/kgDiuretic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.

FRIEDELIN StemBark

-- -- *

Activities (2)

Antiinflammatory 30mg/kgDiuretic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.

FRIEDOOLEANAN-3-ONE StemBark


FRUCTOSE Fruit -- -- *

Activities (8)

Antialcoholic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

Antidiabetic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

AntihangoverAntiketotic Merck 11th EditionAntinauseant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.LaxativeNeoplastic CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate AnalysesSweetener 2 xglucose

Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

FRUCTOSE FruitJuice

-- -- *

Activities (8)

Antialcoholic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

Antidiabetic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

AntihangoverAntiketotic Merck 11th EditionAntinauseant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.LaxativeNeoplastic CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of Proximate AnalysesSweetener 2 xglucose

Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

FUMARIC-ACID Fruit -- -- *

Activities (7)

Acidulant Martindale's 28thAntidermatitic Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.AntihepatocarcinogenicIC100=1% (diet)

Akao, M. and Kuroda, K. 1990. Inhibitory Effect of Fumaric Acid on Hepatocarcinogenesis by Thioacetamide in Mice. Chem. Pharm. Bull.38(7): 2012-2014, 1990.

Antioxidant Merck 11th EditionAntipsoriac Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.Antitumor Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W.

Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.FLavor FEMA 50-3,600 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry

GALLAGYLDILACTON Leaf -- -- *

GALLIC-ACID FruitJuice

-- -- *

Activities (62)

ACE-InhibitorIC50=7.7 mM/lAnalgesicAntiHIVAntiMRSA


Antiadenovirus Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194.Antiallergenic Dorsch, W., Wagner, H. New Antiasthmatic Drugs from Traditional Medicine? Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 94: 262-265, 1991.Antianaphylactic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.AntiangiogenicAntiasthmatic Watt, J.M., and Breyer-Brandwijk, M.G. The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa. 1962.AntibacterialMIC=1,000 ug/mlAntibronchitic Dorsch, W., Wagner, H. New Antiasthmatic Drugs from Traditional Medicine? Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 94: 262-265, 1991.AnticancerAnticarcinomicED50=3AntiescherichicAntifibrinolytic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 53.Antiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194.Antihepatotoxic Okuda, T., Yoshida, T., and Hatano, T. Antioxidant Effects of Tannins and Related Polyphenols. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on

Health, Ch.7 p.93.AntiherpeticEC50=>10 ug/mlAntiinflammatory Kroes, B.H., et al. 1991. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Gallic Acid. Planta Medica, 58(6): 499.AntileishmanicEC50=4.4 ug/mlAntimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.AntinitrosaminicAntioxidant IC44=33ppmAntioxidant 7 xquercetinAntioxidant 2/3 BHAAntiperiodontitic 10ug/mlAntiperoxidantIC50=69 uM

Antipolio Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194.Antiproteolytic 10ug/mlAntiradicular 7 xquercetinAntiradicularIC50=4.9 uMAntiseptic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co.,

Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.AntistaphylococcicMIC=1,000 ug/mlAntitumorAntitumor-PromoterAntiviralApoptoticAstringent Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co.,

Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.Bacteristat Lamikanra, A., Ogundaini, A.O., and Ogungbamila*, F.O. Antibacterial Constituents of Alchornea cordifolia Leaves. Phytotherapy Research 4(5):

198.Bronchodilator Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CandidicideCarcinogenicCholeretic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Cyclooxygenase-InhibitorCytotoxic 500 uMFloral-Inhibitor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Gram(+)icideMIC=1,000 ug/mlGram(-)icideMIC=1,000 ug/mlHemostatHepatoprotective Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.ImmunomodulatorImmunostimulant McKenna, D. J., Hughes, K., and Jones, K. 2000. Green Tea Monograph. Alternative Therapies, 6(3): 61-82.ImmunosuppressantInsulin-Sparing Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Myorelaxant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.NO-Inhibitor IC-26=250 uMNephrotoxic Martindale's 29th


PesticideStypticTopoisomerase-I-Inhibitor

Hamada, S. I., Kataoka, T., Woo, J. T., Yamada, A., Yoshida, T., Nishimura, T., Otake, N., Nagai, K. 1997. Immunosuppressive Effects by Gallic Acidand Chebulagic Acid on CTL-Mediated Cytotoxicity. Biol Pharm Bull, 20: 1017-1019.



GALLIC-ACID Pericarp 900.0 40000.0 -1.0 *

Activities (62)

ACE-InhibitorIC50=7.7 mM/lAnalgesicAntiHIVAntiMRSAAntiadenovirus Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194.Antiallergenic Dorsch, W., Wagner, H. New Antiasthmatic Drugs from Traditional Medicine? Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 94: 262-265, 1991.

Antianaphylactic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

AntiangiogenicAntiasthmatic Watt, J.M., and Breyer-Brandwijk, M.G. The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa. 1962.AntibacterialMIC=1,000 ug/mlAntibronchitic Dorsch, W., Wagner, H. New Antiasthmatic Drugs from Traditional Medicine? Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 94: 262-265, 1991.AnticancerAnticarcinomicED50=3AntiescherichicAntifibrinolytic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 53.Antiflu Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194.Antihepatotoxic Okuda, T., Yoshida, T., and Hatano, T. Antioxidant Effects of Tannins and Related Polyphenols. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on

Health, Ch.7 p.93.AntiherpeticEC50=>10 ug/mlAntiinflammatory Kroes, B.H., et al. 1991. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Gallic Acid. Planta Medica, 58(6): 499.AntileishmanicEC50=4.4 ug/mlAntimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.AntinitrosaminicAntioxidant IC44=33ppmAntioxidant 7 xquercetinAntioxidant 2/3 BHAAntiperiodontitic 10ug/mlAntiperoxidantIC50=69 uMAntipolio Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 194.Antiproteolytic 10ug/mlAntiradicular 7 xquercetinAntiradicularIC50=4.9 uMAntiseptic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co.,

Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.AntistaphylococcicMIC=1,000 ug/mlAntitumorAntitumor-PromoterAntiviralApoptoticAstringent Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel Co.,

Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.Bacteristat Lamikanra, A., Ogundaini, A.O., and Ogungbamila*, F.O. Antibacterial Constituents of Alchornea cordifolia Leaves. Phytotherapy Research 4(5):

198.Bronchodilator Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CandidicideCarcinogenicCholeretic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Cyclooxygenase-InhibitorCytotoxic 500 uM


Floral-Inhibitor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

Gram(+)icideMIC=1,000 ug/mlGram(-)icideMIC=1,000 ug/mlHemostat

Hepatoprotective Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.ImmunomodulatorImmunostimulant McKenna, D. J., Hughes, K., and Jones, K. 2000. Green Tea Monograph. Alternative Therapies, 6(3): 61-82.ImmunosuppressantInsulin-Sparing Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Myorelaxant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.NO-Inhibitor IC-26=250 uMNephrotoxic Martindale's 29thPesticideStypticTopoisomerase-I-Inhibitor

Hamada, S. I., Kataoka, T., Woo, J. T., Yamada, A., Yoshida, T., Nishimura, T., Otake, N., Nagai, K. 1997. Immunosuppressive Effects by Gallic Acidand Chebulagic Acid on CTL-Mediated Cytotoxicity. Biol Pharm Bull, 20: 1017-1019.



GALLOCATECHIN Fruit -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

GALLOCATECHIN-(4,8)-CATECHIN Pericarp -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

GALLOCATECHIN-(4,8)-GALLOCATECHIN Pericarp -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

GALLOTANNINS Pericarp 200000.0 280000.0 *

GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL Seed -- -- *

Activities (14)

AntiCRPAntiatheroscleroticAnticancerAntiinflammatoryAntioxidant 10-15 ug/gAntioxidant IC43=10 uMAntiprostaglandinAntitumorCardioprotectiveCyclooxygenase-InhibitorHypocholesterolemicNO-InhibitorNatriureticPKC-Inhibitor

GLUCOSE FruitJuice

-- -- *

Activities (7)

AcetylcholinergicAntiedemic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.Antihepatotoxic Merck 11th EditionAntiketotic Merck 11th EditionAntivaricose Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.Hyperglycemic Merck 11th EditionMemory-Enhancer

Science News, 138: 189, 1990.

GLUCOSE Fruit 50000.0 110000.0 0.27 *


Activities (7)

AcetylcholinergicAntiedemic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.Antihepatotoxic Merck 11th EditionAntiketotic Merck 11th EditionAntivaricose Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.Hyperglycemic Merck 11th EditionMemory-Enhancer

Science News, 138: 189, 1990.

GLYCERIN Twig -- 300.0 Hegnauer, R. 1962-1997. Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen, Bde 1-11.Birkhauser Verlag Basel, Boston, Berlin.

Activities (1)

FLavor FEMA 500-400,000 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry

GRANATIN-A Leaf -- -- *

Activities (2)

Antihepatotoxic Okuda, T., Yoshida, T., and Hatano, T. Antioxidant Effects of Tannins and Related Polyphenols. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health,Ch.7 p.93.

Antiperoxidant Okuda, T., Yoshida, T., and Hatano, T. Antioxidant Effects of Tannins and Related Polyphenols. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health,Ch.7 p.93.

GRANATIN-A Pericarp -- -- *

Activities (2)

Antihepatotoxic Okuda, T., Yoshida, T., and Hatano, T. Antioxidant Effects of Tannins and Related Polyphenols. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health,Ch.7 p.93.

Antiperoxidant Okuda, T., Yoshida, T., and Hatano, T. Antioxidant Effects of Tannins and Related Polyphenols. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health,Ch.7 p.93.

GRANATIN-B Leaf -- -- *

GRANATIN-B Pericarp -- -- *

GRANATINS Leaf -- 15000.0 Rizk, A.F.M. and Al-Nowaihi, A.S., The Phytochemistry of theHorticultural Plants of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre,University of Qatar.

GUM Petiole -- 32000.0 *

GUMS Pericarp -- 32000.0 ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publicationsand Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.

HYGRINE RootBark

-- -- *

ICARISIDE-D1 Seed -- -- *

INULIN Pericarp -- 10000.0 ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publicationsand Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.


Activities (19)

Alcohol-Dehydrogenase-Inhibitor (diagnostic)=50 mg/kg/ivn/man Martindale's 29thAnticolitic?Antidiabetic

AntidiarrheicAntiobesity?Antiosteoporotic?BifidogenicChemopreventive (Breast Cancer)Chemopreventive (Colon Cancer)Expectorant Pedersen, M. 1987. Nutritional Herbology. Pederson Publishing. Bountiful, Utah. 377 pp.GastrostimulantHypocholesterolemicHypoglycemicImmunostimulantLaxativeLipolyticPrebioticProbioticProbiotigenic

INULIN Petiole -- 10000.0 *

Activities (19)

Alcohol-Dehydrogenase-Inhibitor (diagnostic)=50 mg/kg/ivn/man Martindale's 29thAnticolitic?AntidiabeticAntidiarrheicAntiobesity?Antiosteoporotic?BifidogenicChemopreventive (Breast Cancer)Chemopreventive (Colon Cancer)Expectorant Pedersen, M. 1987. Nutritional Herbology. Pederson Publishing. Bountiful, Utah. 377 pp.GastrostimulantHypocholesterolemicHypoglycemicImmunostimulantLaxativeLipolyticPrebioticProbioticProbiotigenic

INVERT-SUGARS Fruit 80000.0 200000.0 -0.01 Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992.Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

IRON Fruit 3.0 16.0 -0.46 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

Activities (6)

Antiakathisic Martindale's 29thAntianemic Martindale's 29thAnticankerAnticheilitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antimenorrhagic 100mg/day/wmn/orl


Prooxidant

ISOPELLETIERINE Bark -- -- *


Activities (5)

Amblyopic ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.Emetic ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.Laxative ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.Mydriatic ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.Paralytic ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.

ISOQUERCETRIN Pericarp -- -- *

ISOQUERCITRIN Pericarp -- -- *

Activities (22)

ACE-Inhibitor ID50=300ug/ml rat (24 hr.)Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor

Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

Antibacterial Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

AnticancerAntielastase IC50=0.7ug/mlAntifeedant Russell, G. B., Phytochemical resources for crop protection, N. Z. J. Technol., 2, 1986, 127-134.AntiinflammatoryAntinociceptiveAntioxidant 1/4quercetinAntioxidant IC50=9.0uMAntiradicular 1/4quercetinAntitumorAntitumor-PromoterCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CapillarigenicDiaphoreticDiuretic 10 ppm List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.Hypotensive Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously

Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990.Insectiphile Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.PesticideTNF-alpha-InhibitorTopoisomerase-II-Inhibitor 550 ug/ml

Bernard, F. X., Sable, S., Cameron, B., Provost, J., Desnottes, J. F., Crouzet, J., Blanche, F. 1997. Glycosylated Flavones as Selective Inhibitors ofTopoisomerase IV. Antimicrobial Agents & Chemotherapy, 41: 992-998.

KAEMPFEROL Leaf -- -- *

Activities (75)

11B-HSD-Inhibitor5-Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM)=20Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uM

Oliveira, T. T., Nagem, T. J., Miranda, L. C. G., Paula, V. F., Teixeira, M. A. 1997. Inhibitory Action on Aldose Reductase by Soybean Flavonoids. JBraz Chem Soc, 8(3): 211-213.

Antiaflatoxin IC50=8.73uMAntiaflatoxin IC50=3.28ppmAntiaggregant 30 uMAntiallergicAntibacterial 20 ug/mlAnticancerAntifertility 250mg/kg/day/60 days/orlrat

Kumar, P., Dixit*, V.P., and Khanna, P. Antifertility Studies of Kaempferol: Isolation and Identification from Tissue Culture of some MedicinallyImportant Plant Species. Plantes medicinales et phytotherapie, 23: 193-201, 1989.

Antigingivitic 20 ug/mlAntiherpetic 23-92ug/ml

Amoros, M., Simoes, C.M.O., Girre, L., et al. Synergistic Effect Of Flavones And Flavonols Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 In Cell Culture.Comparison With The Antiviral Activity Of Propolis. J. of Natural Products 55(12):1732-1740, 1992.

Antihistaminic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. DanielCo., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.

AntiimplantationAntiinflammatory 20mg/kgAntiinflammatory 200mg/kg ipr ratAntileukemic IC50=3.1ug/ml

Life Sciences 55: 1061.


Antilymphocytic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

AntimutagenicID50=10-40 nM


Antioxidant IC50=40 uMAntioxidant 3/4quercetinAntioxidant IC50=1.2ug/mlAntiperiodontic 20ug/mlAntiplaque 20 ug/mlAntiradicular 7 xquercetinAntiseptic 20 ug/mlAntiserotonin 200mg/kg ipr ratAntispasmodic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W. Daniel

Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.AntistaphylococcicAntitumorAntitumor-Promoter Yasukawa, K., Takido, M., Takeuchi, M., Sato, Y., Nitta, K., and Nakagawa, S. 1989. Inhibitory Effects of Flavonol Glycosides on 12-O-

Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-Induced Tumor Promotion. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(3): 774-776, 1990.Antiulcer 50-200 mg/kgipr ratAntiviral 23-92 ug/mlApoptotic 60 uMAromatase-InhibitorIC12=1 uM/l


COX-2-InhibitorCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Carcinogenic Hutchings, A, Scott, AH, Lewis, G, and Cunningham, A. 1996. Zulu Medicinal Plants. An inventory. University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg.

450 pp.Choleretic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Copper-ChelatorCyclooxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM) =20CytotoxicDiaphoretic? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-90.DiureticEstrogenic EC50=0.1-25uM/l


Estrogenic EC50=0.56uMFungicide 20 ug/ml Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations.HIV-RT-InhibitorIC50=50-150 ug/ml

Garcia, J., Morin,* C., Nyasse, B., Sondengam, B-L., Tchouankeu, J-C., and Tsamo, E. Complete Structural Assignments Of An ErgosterolDerivative From Entandrophragma utile. Journal of Natural Products, 54(1): 136-142, 1991.

HepatoprotectiveIC50=5.46 uMHepatoprotectiveIC50=1.30 ppmHypotensiveICAM-1-InhibitorInotropicIodothyronine-Deiodinase-Inhibitor


JNK-InhibitorLipoxygenase-Inhibitor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.MAO-InhibitorMutagenicNO-Inhibitor IC50=13.9uMNatriureticNeuroprotectivePAF-InhibitorPesticideProtisticide Meckes, M., Calzada, F., Tapia-Contreras, A., Cedillo-Rivera, R. 1999. Antiprotozoal Properties of Helianthemum glomeratum. Phytotherapy

Research, 13(2): 102-105.Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 3 uMTNF-alpha-InhibitorIC50=3.99 uMTeratologicTopoisomerase-I-Inhibitor


Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=8.1 ug/ml

Constantinou, A., Mehta, R., Runyan, C., Rao, K., Vaughan, A., Moon, R. 1995. Flavonoids as DNA Topoisomerase Antagonists and Poisons:Structure-Activity Relationships. J Natural Products, 58: 217-225.

Tyrosinase-InhibitorID50=230 uM


Uterotrophic EC50=0.1-25 uM/l


VasodilatorcAMP-Phosphodiesterase-InhibitoriNOS-Inhibitor IC50=<15 uMiNOS-InhibitorIC50=13.9 uM

KAEMPFEROL Plant -- -- *

Activities (75)


















450 pp.Choleretic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Copper-ChelatorCyclooxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM) =20Cytotoxic


Diaphoretic? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-90.DiureticEstrogenic EC50=0.1-25uM/l







London. 791 pp.MAO-InhibitorMutagenicNO-Inhibitor IC50=13.9uMNatriureticNeuroprotectivePAF-InhibitorPesticide

Protisticide Meckes, M., Calzada, F., Tapia-Contreras, A., Cedillo-Rivera, R. 1999. Antiprotozoal Properties of Helianthemum glomeratum. PhytotherapyResearch, 13(2): 102-105.

Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 3 uMTNF-alpha-InhibitorIC50=3.99 uMTeratologicTopoisomerase-I-Inhibitor




Tyrosinase-InhibitorID50=230 uMUterotrophic EC50=0.1-25 uM/l



KAEMPFEROL Pericarp -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

Activities (75)



















450 pp.Choleretic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Copper-ChelatorCyclooxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM) =20CytotoxicDiaphoretic? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-90.DiureticEstrogenic EC50=0.1-25uM/l








Research, 13(2): 102-105.Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 3 uMTNF-alpha-InhibitorIC50=3.99 uM


TeratologicTopoisomerase-I-Inhibitor







KAEMPFEROL Fruit -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

Activities (75)

















COX-2-InhibitorCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.


Carcinogenic Hutchings, A, Scott, AH, Lewis, G, and Cunningham, A. 1996. Zulu Medicinal Plants. An inventory. University of Natal Press, Pietermaritzburg.450 pp.

Choleretic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Copper-ChelatorCyclooxygenase-Inhibitor IC50 (uM) =20CytotoxicDiaphoretic? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-90.DiureticEstrogenic EC50=0.1-25uM/l








Research, 13(2): 102-105.Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 3 uMTNF-alpha-InhibitorIC50=3.99 uMTeratologicTopoisomerase-I-Inhibitor







KAEMPFEROL-3-O-GLYCOSIDE Leaf -- -- *

KAEMPFEROL-3-O-RHAMNOGLYCOSIDE Leaf -- -- *

L-MALIC-ACID Fruit -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

LIGNAN Seed -- -- Newman, R. A., Lansky, E. P., with Block, M. L. 2007. Pomegranate -The Most Medicinal Fruit. Basic Health Publications, Laguna Beach,CA. 120 pp.

LIGNIN Seed -- -- Newman, R. A., Lansky, E. P., with Block, M. L. 2007. Pomegranate -The Most Medicinal Fruit. Basic Health Publications, Laguna Beach,CA. 120 pp.


Activities (13)

AntiHIVAntibacterialAnticancerAnticoronaryAntidiarrheic Martindale's 29thAntinitrosaminicAntioxidantAntitumorAntiviralChelatorHypocholesterolemicLaxativePesticide

LINOLEIC-ACID Seed -- -- *

Activities (27)

5-Alpha-Reductase-InhibitorAntiMS Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntiacneAntialopecicAntianaphylactic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.AntiandrogenicAntiarterioscleroticAntiarthritic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Anticoronary Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antieczemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antifibrinolytic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 53.AntigranularAntihistaminic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Antiinflammatory IC50=31uMAntileukotriene-D4 IC50=31uMAntimenorrhagic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiprostatitic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Carcinogenic Science News, 146: 421.ComedolyticHepatoprotectiveHypocholesterolemic Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)Immunomodulator Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Metastatic Science News, 146: 421.Nematicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Propecic

LINOLENIC-ACID Seed -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

LUTEOLIN Leaf -- -- *

Activities (78)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor EC=3 ppm

Shin*, K.H., Chung, M.S., Chae, Y.J., Yoon, K.Y., Cho, T.S. 1992. A survey for aldose reductase inhibition of herbal medicines. Fitoterapia 64(2):130, 1993.

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC50=0.45 uMratAntiHIVAntiallergicAntiangiogenic IC60-75=10 uMAntiatherogenicAntibacterial MIC=500ug/ml

Planta Medica, 57: A43, 1991.

AnticarcinogenicAnticarcinomic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.


Anticataract EC=3 ppm Shin*, K.H., Chung, M.S., Chae, Y.J., Yoon, K.Y., Cho, T.S. 1992. A survey for aldose reductase inhibition of herbal medicines. Fitoterapia 64(2):130, 1993.

AnticomplementaryAntidermatic Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.AntiestrogenicAntifeedant IC52=<1,000ppm diet


Antiherpetic 11-23 ug/mlAntihistaminic <10-15 uMAntiinflammatory #NAME? Wichtl, M. 1984. Teedrogen. Ein Handbuch fur Apotheker und Arzte. Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellscharft. mbH Stuttgart. 393 pp.Antileukemic 20-50 uMAntilymphomic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antimelanomic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antimutagenic ID50=2-5nMAntimutagenic ID50=0.44ug/mlAntinociceptiveAntioxidant IC50=10 uMAntipolio Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 197.AntiproliferantAntispasmodic Williamson, E. M. and Evans, F. J., Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations, Revised Ed., Saffron Walden, the C. W.

Daniel Co., Ltd., Essex UK, 362 pp, 1988, reprint 1989.Antitumor 1-50 uMAntitumor (Colon) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Kidney) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Lung) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Ovary) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Pancreas) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Skin) 20 uMAntitumor (Stomach) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.

Antitumor (Thyroid) 12-50uMAntitumor (brain) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.AntitussiveAntiviral 11-23 ug/mlAphidifugeApoptotic 12-50 uMAromatase-InhibitorIC35=1 uM/l


Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor IC50=~40 uMCalcium-AntagonistIC50=1.2 uM rbtCancer-PreventiveChemopreventiveCholereticCytotoxic 1-50 uMDeiodinase-Inhibitor Jim Duke's personal files.Differentiator IC>40=40uMDiuretic Jim Duke's personal files.Estrogenic 58% genisteinHepatoprotectiveHyaluronidase-InhibitorIC50+=100-250 uMHypocholesterolemicICAM-1-InhibitorIKK-InhibitorIodothyronine-Deiodinase-Inhibitor


Lipoxygenase-InhibitorMAPK-InhibitorMMP-9-Inhibitor 20 uMMetalloproteinase-InhibitorMyorelaxantNEP-Inhibitor IC50=>42uM


NF-kB-InhibitorNO-InhibitorPTK-Inhibitor 10-100 uMPesticideProliferantProstaglandin-Synthetase-InhibitorProtein-Kinase-C-InhibitorIC70=50 uMSuccinoxidase-Inhibitor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.TNF-alpha-InhibitorIC50=14.44 uMTopoisomerase-I-Inhibitor Santti, R., Makela, S., Strauss, L., Korman, J., Kostian, M. L. 1998. Phytoestrogens: Potential Endocrine Disruptors in Males. Toxicol Ind Health,

14: 223-237.VEGF-Inhibitor IC50=2-7uMVasodilatorXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=0.11 ug/ml

Chem. & Pharm. Bull. 38: 1772.

iNOS-Inhibitor

LUTEOLIN Pericarp -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

Activities (78)






31(1):37-46.Anticataract EC=3 ppm Shin*, K.H., Chung, M.S., Chae, Y.J., Yoon, K.Y., Cho, T.S. 1992. A survey for aldose reductase inhibition of herbal medicines. Fitoterapia 64(2):

130, 1993.AnticomplementaryAntidermatic Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.AntiestrogenicAntifeedant IC52=<1,000ppm diet










31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Skin) 20 uM


Antitumor (Stomach) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,31(1):37-46.

Antitumor (Thyroid) 12-50uMAntitumor (brain) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,





Lipoxygenase-InhibitorMAPK-InhibitorMMP-9-Inhibitor 20 uMMetalloproteinase-InhibitorMyorelaxantNEP-Inhibitor IC50=>42uMNF-kB-InhibitorNO-InhibitorPTK-Inhibitor 10-100 uMPesticideProliferantProstaglandin-Synthetase-InhibitorProtein-Kinase-C-InhibitorIC70=50 uMSuccinoxidase-Inhibitor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,




iNOS-Inhibitor

LUTEOLIN Fruit -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

Activities (78)



Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC50=0.45 uMratAntiHIVAntiallergicAntiangiogenic IC60-75=10 uM


AntiatherogenicAntibacterial MIC=500ug/ml














31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Skin) 20 uMAntitumor (Stomach) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Thyroid) 12-50uMAntitumor (brain) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,



Beta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor IC50=~40 uMCalcium-AntagonistIC50=1.2 uM rbtCancer-PreventiveChemopreventiveCholereticCytotoxic 1-50 uMDeiodinase-Inhibitor Jim Duke's personal files.Differentiator IC>40=40uM

Diuretic Jim Duke's personal files.Estrogenic 58% genisteinHepatoprotectiveHyaluronidase-InhibitorIC50+=100-250 uMHypocholesterolemicICAM-1-InhibitorIKK-InhibitorIodothyronine-Deiodinase-Inhibitor


Lipoxygenase-InhibitorMAPK-Inhibitor


MMP-9-Inhibitor 20 uMMetalloproteinase-InhibitorMyorelaxantNEP-Inhibitor IC50=>42uMNF-kB-InhibitorNO-InhibitorPTK-Inhibitor 10-100 uMPesticideProliferantProstaglandin-Synthetase-InhibitorProtein-Kinase-C-InhibitorIC70=50 uMSuccinoxidase-Inhibitor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,




iNOS-Inhibitor

LUTEOLIN Plant -- -- *

Activities (78)















31(1):37-46.


Antitumor (Ovary) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,31(1):37-46.

Antitumor (Pancreas) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,31(1):37-46.

Antitumor (Skin) 20 uMAntitumor (Stomach) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Thyroid) 12-50uMAntitumor (brain) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,





Lipoxygenase-InhibitorMAPK-Inhibitor

MMP-9-Inhibitor 20 uMMetalloproteinase-InhibitorMyorelaxantNEP-Inhibitor IC50=>42uMNF-kB-InhibitorNO-InhibitorPTK-Inhibitor 10-100 uMPesticideProliferantProstaglandin-Synthetase-InhibitorProtein-Kinase-C-InhibitorIC70=50 uMSuccinoxidase-Inhibitor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,




iNOS-Inhibitor

LUTEOLIN-3'-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE Leaf -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

LUTEOLIN-3'-O-BETA-D-XYLOSIDE Leaf -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

LUTEOLIN-3'-O-BETA-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE Leaf -- -- *


LUTEOLIN-3'-O-BETA-XYLOPYRANOSIDE Leaf -- -- *

LUTEOLIN-4'-O-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE Leaf -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

LUTEOLIN-4'-O-BETA-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE Leaf -- -- *

LUTEOLIN-7-O-GLYCOSIDE Leaf -- -- *

MAGNESIUM Fruit -- 120.0 -0.93 ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publicationsand Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.

Activities (65)

AntiCFSAntiLyme 400-1,000 mgAntiMSAntiPMS 400-800mg/day/wmn/orlAntiPMS 400-800mg/day/wmn orlAntiRaynaud's 280-350mg/dayAntiaggregant 400 mg/dayAntialcoholicAntianginal 400 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antianorectic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antianxiety 400 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.

Antiarrhythmic 400 mg/dayAntiarthritic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiasthmatic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiatherosclerotic 400mg/dayAnticephalagicAnticlimacteric 500-750mg/dayAnticonvulsant Facciola, S. 1998. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, Vista CA. 713 pp.Anticoronary 400 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Antidepressant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidiabetic 400-800mg/man/dayAntidysmenorrheic 100 mg 4x/day

Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.

Antiendometriotic 500mg/dayAntienteroticAntiepileptic 450 mg/dayAntifatigueAntifibromyalgic 200-300 mg3x/dayAntigastroticAntiglaucomicAntihyperkinetic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntihypertensiveAntihypoglycemic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiinflammatory 100 mg 4x/day


Antiinsomniac Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antilithic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antimastalgic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antimenopausal 500-750mg/dayAntimigraine 200mg/day/man


Antimitral-valve-prolapseAntinephrolyticAntineurotic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antiosteoporotic 500-1,000mg/day/wmn/orlAntiplaque 500-1,000 mg/dayAntiretinopathic 400 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95AntispasmodicAntispasmophilic 500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antistress 500-750 mg/day


Antistroke 400 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Antisyndrome-X 400mg/man/day

Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservseinsulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95

Anxiolytic 500-750 mg/dayCNS-Depressant Facciola, S. 1998. Cornucopia - A Source Book of Edible Plants. Kampong Publications, Vista CA. 713 pp.Calcium-AntagonistCardioprotectiveDiureticHypocholesterolemic 400mg/day


Hypotensive 260-500 mg/dayImmunomodulatorInsulinogenic 400 mg/day Challem, J., Berkson, Burt, and Smith, Melissa Dianne. 2000. Syndrome X - The complete nutritional program to prevent and reservse

insulin resistance. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 272 pp. $24.95Laxative 300-500 mg/dayLitholyticMyorelaxant 100 mg 4 x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.NeurotransmitterTranquilizer 500-750 mg/dayUterorelaxant 100 mg 4 x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Vasodilator

MALIC-ACID FruitJuice

-- -- *

Activities (15)

AntiatheroscleroticAntibacterialAntifibromyalgic 300 mg 3x/dayAntioxidant Synergist Merck 11th EditionAntiseborrheicAntiseptic Martindale's 29thAntitubercularAntitumor Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.BacteristatBruchiphobe Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.HemopoieticLaxative? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Sep-91.MycobactericidePesticideSialogogue Martindale's 29th

MALIC-ACID Fruit -- -- *

Activities (15)

AntiatheroscleroticAntibacterialAntifibromyalgic 300 mg 3x/dayAntioxidant Synergist Merck 11th EditionAntiseborrheicAntiseptic Martindale's 29thAntitubercularAntitumor Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.BacteristatBruchiphobe Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.HemopoieticLaxative? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Sep-91.MycobactericidePesticideSialogogue Martindale's 29th

MALTOSE Fruit -- -- ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publicationsand Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.


Activities (2)

Antidiabetic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

Sweetener 0.32 xsucrose

Martindale's 28th

MALVIDIN Fruit -- -- *

Activities (6)

AntifertilityAntioxidantAntiperiodontal Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiplaque Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Pigment Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.Prooxidant

MALVIDIN-PENTOSE-GLYCOSIDE FruitJuice

-- -- ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publicationsand Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.

MANNITOL Pericarp 8000.0 19000.0 *

Activities (18)

Allergenic Martindale's 29thAnalgesicAnthelmintic ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.AntiReye's Martindale's 29thAntiglaucomic Martindale's 28thAntiinflammatory ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.AntimutagenicAntinephritic Martindale's 29thAntioxidant Jim Duke's personal files.AntiradicularAntispasmodic ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.Diuretic Merck 11th EditionEmetic Martindale's 28thFlatugenic Martindale's 29thLaxativeNephrotoxic Martindale's 29thPesticideSweetener Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.

MANNITOL Twig -- 5000.0 Hegnauer, R. 1962-1997. Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen, Bde 1-11.Birkhauser Verlag Basel, Boston, Berlin.

Activities (18)

Allergenic Martindale's 29thAnalgesicAnthelmintic ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.AntiReye's Martindale's 29thAntiglaucomic Martindale's 28thAntiinflammatory ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.AntimutagenicAntinephritic Martindale's 29thAntioxidant Jim Duke's personal files.AntiradicularAntispasmodic ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.Diuretic Merck 11th EditionEmetic Martindale's 28thFlatugenic Martindale's 29thLaxativeNephrotoxic Martindale's 29thPesticideSweetener Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791

pp.

MASLINIC-ACID Flower -- -- *


Activities (6)

AntiHIV IC100=18 ug/mlAntiedemicAntihistaminicAntiinflammatory Chem & Pharm. Bull., 34: 2164, 1986.Antiviral IC100=18 ug/mlProtease-Inhibitor IC100=18 ug/ml

MELATONIN FruitJuice

-- -- *

Activities (23)

Anaphrodisiac Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Antiaggregant Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Anticonvulsant 25ug/gerbil/scu

Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)

Antidepressant Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Antigonadotrophic Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Antiinsomniac 0.1-10mg/manAntioxidant Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Antiradicular 0.2-0.4 mg/kgAntithyreotropic Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Aphrodisiac Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)COX-2-Inhibitor Newmark, T. M. and Schulick, P. 2000. Herbal Cox-2 Inhibition - Nature's Challenge to Arthritis, Cancer & Alzheimer's Disease. Hohm Press,

Prescott AZ.Contraceptive Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Depressant Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)GABA-nergic Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Gonadotrophic Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Hypnotic 0.1-0.3 mg/manHypocholesterolemic Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Hypothermic 1-10 mg/manImmunostimulant Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Progesteronigenic Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Serotoninergic Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)Thyrotropic Medline (post 1990 searches filed in my computer)

METHIONINE Fruit -- -- *

Activities (15)

Anticataract Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington(Looseleaf).

Antidote (Acetaminophen) 10g/16hr/man/orl

Martindale's 29th

Antidote (Paracetamol) 10g/16hr/man/orl

Martindale's 29th

AntieczemicAntihepatotic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.AntioxidantAntiparkinsonian 1-5 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Emetic Martindale's 29thEssential Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.

Glutathionigenic Martindale's 29thHepatoprotectiveLipotropic Merck 11th EditionUrine-Acidifier 200mg/3x/day/man/orl

Martindale's 28th

Urine-Deodorant Martindale's 29th

METHYL-GALLATE HeartWood



Activities (16)

Antiallergenic Dorsch, W., Wagner, H. New Antiasthmatic Drugs from Traditional Medicine? Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 94: 262-265, 1991.Antiasthmatic Watt, J.M., and Breyer-Brandwijk, M.G. The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa. 1962.AntibacterialMIC=12.5-400 ug/mlAntibronchitic Dorsch, W., Wagner, H. New Antiasthmatic Drugs from Traditional Medicine? Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 94: 262-265, 1991.Antiherpetic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.AntileukemicAntioxidantAntisepticAntistaphylococcicMIC=200-400 ug/mlAntitumorAntiviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 207.Gram(+)icideMIC=200-400 ug/mlGram(-)icideMIC=12.5-50 ug/mlPesticideReverse-Transcriptase-InhibitorXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=29 uM


METHYL-ISOPELLETIERINE StemBark

-- -- *

METHYL-ISOPELLETIERINE Bark -- -- *

METHYL-PELLETIERINE Bark -- -- *

METHYL-PELLETIERINE StemBark

-- -- ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publicationsand Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.

MUCILAGE Petiole 6000.0 340000.0 *

Activities (3)

Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.DemulcentHypocholesterolemic

MUCILAGE Pericarp 6000.0 340000.0 *

Activities (3)

Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.DemulcentHypocholesterolemic

MYRICETIN Fruit -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.


Activities (34)

Allelochemic IC82=1 mM Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: RecentAdvances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.

AntiHIVAntiallergenicAntibacterial MIC=20-500ug/mlAntifeedant IC52=<1,000ppm diet


AntigastricAntigingivitic MIC=20ug/mlAntigonadotrophic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.AntihistaminicAntiinflammatory Oriental Materia Medica (three volumes by Dr. Hsu and collaborators)Antimutagenic ID50=2-5nM


Antioxidant IC99=200ppm


Antioxidant 1.4 uMAntioxidant IC50=3.9ug/mlAntiperiodontic MIC=20ug/mlAntiplaque MIC=20 ug/mlAntiseptic MIC=20 ug/mlAntiviralApoptotic 60 uMCOMP-Inhibitor Dullo, A. G., et al. 1999. Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat

oxidation in humans. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, 70: 1040-1045.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Candidicide MIC=150ug/ml


Diuretic Oriental Materia Medica (three volumes by Dr. Hsu and collaborators)Hypoglycemic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 170.Larvistat IC50=2.6-3.5mM/kg diet


Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

Mutagenic Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Oxidase-Inhibitor Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.PesticideQuinone-Reductase-Inducer 36 uM


Topoisomerase-I-InhibitorIC50=11.9 ug/mlTopoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=11.9 ug/mlTyrosine-Kinase-Inhibitor Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 170.Vasodilator

N-(2',5'-DIHYDROXYPHENYL)-PYRIDIUM-CHLORIDE

Leaf -- -- *

N-METHYLPELLETIERENE RootBark

-- -- *

N-METHYLPELLETIERENE Bark -- -- *

NARINGENIN-4'-METHYLETHER-7-O-ALPHA-L-ARABINOFURANOSYL(1,6)BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE


NARINGIN Leaf -- -- *


Activities (12)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor


AntidermatiticAntiinflammatoryAntimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.Antineuropathic Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntioxidantAntiviral Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.FLavor FEMA Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryMyorelaxant Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665

pp.Oviposition-Stimulant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Pesticide

NARINGIN Plant -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

Activities (12)

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor


AntidermatiticAntiinflammatoryAntimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.Antineuropathic Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntioxidantAntiviral Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.FLavor FEMA Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryMyorelaxant Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY. 665

pp.Oviposition-Stimulant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,


NEO-CHLOROGENIC-ACID Fruit -- -- *

Activities (2)

AntiinflammatoryVulnerary

NIACIN Fruit 3.0 50.0 -0.14 *


Activities (39)

Allergenic Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiLyme 50 mg/dayAntiMeniere's Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.AntiRaynaud's 1,500-4,000mg/dayAntiacrodynicAntiallergic 50 mg/2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntialzheimeranAntiamblyopicAntianginal

AnticataractAntichilblain Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Anticonvulsant 3 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntidementiaAntidermatitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntidiabeticAntidysphagicAntiepileptic 3 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antihangover 50 mgAntihistaminic 50 mg 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antihyperactivity 1.5-6 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiinsomnic 1 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntineuralgicAntiparkinsonian 100 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antipellagric Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntiscotomicAntispasmodic 100 mg 2x/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntivertigoCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CardioprotectiveCirculotonicFibrinolyticHepatoprotectiveHepatotoxicHypocholesterolemic 50-100 mg3x/dayHypoglycemicHypolipidemicSedative Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Serotoninergic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington

(Looseleaf).Vasodilator Martindale's 29th

NORHYGRINE RootBark

-- -- *

NORPSEUDOPELLETIERINE RootBark

-- -- *

O-COUMARINIC-ACID Fruit -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

OLEANOLIC-ACID Flower -- -- *

Activities (64)

AbortifacientAntiHIV IC50=21.8 ug/mlAntiHIV EC50=1.7 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J.

Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.AntiPGE2 IC50=24 uMAntiTGF-beta IC50=19-24uMAntiallergicAntiarrhythmic 40 mg/kgAntiatheroscleroticAntibacterial MIC=625-1,250 ug/ml


Anticarcinomic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,31(1):37-46.

Anticariogenic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Anticomplement IC40-500.01 mM/l gpg

Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992. Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209 pp., 1993(E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Anticomplement IC80-900.05 mM/l gpg


Antiedemic IC36=40mg/kg ipr ratAntifertilityAntigingivitic MIC=625-1,250 ug/mlAntihepatotoxicAntihyperlipidemicAntiinflammatory 40mg/kg ipr

Aquino, R., De Feo, V., De Simone, F., Pizza, C.*, and Cirino, G. Plant Metabolites. New Compounds And Anti-Inflammatory Activity Of Uncariatomentosa. Journal of Natural Products, 54(2): 453-459, 1991.

Antiischemic 40 mg/kgAntileukemic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antileukotriene IC50=17uMAntimalarial IC50=70-89ug/mlAntinephritic IC50=19-24uMAntioxidant Balanehru, S. and Nagarajan, B. 1992. Intervention of Adriamycin Induced Free Radical Damage. Biochemistry International 28(4): 735-744,

1992.Antioxidant IC46=10 uMAntiperiodontic MIC=625-1,250 ug/mlAntiperoxidant IC30=200ug/mlAntiplaque MIC=625-1,250ug/mlAntiplasmodial IC50=70-89 ug/mlAntisarcomicAntiseptic MIC=625-1,250ug/mlAntitumorAntitumor (Breast) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Colon) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,




31(1):37-46.Antiulcer >carbenoxoloneAntiviral EC50=1.7 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J.

Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.Antiviral IC50=21.8 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J.

Nat. Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.Aromatase-InhibitorBeta-BlockerBeta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor ~100 mg/kgCOX-2-Inhibitor IC50=295uM/COX-2-Inhibitor Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2

Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Cardioprotective 40 mg/kgCardiotonicCyclooxygenase-InhibitorDiuretic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Elastase-InhibitorIC50=~15 uM

Hepatoprotective Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific PublishingCo., Philadelphia Pa., page 211.

HypolipemicHypotensiveImmunomodulatorLeucocytogenicNF-kB-InhibitorPhagocytoticPiscicide ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.


Prostaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor igs musSedativeUterotonicVasopressor

OLEIC-ACID Seed -- -- *

Activities (18)

5-Alpha-Reductase-InhibitorAllergenicAlpha-Reductase-InhibitorAnemiagenicAntialopecicAntiandrogenicAntiinflammatoryIC50=21 uMAntileukotriene-D4IC50=21 uMCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Choleretic 5 ml/manDermatitigenicFLavor FEMA 1-30 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryHypocholesterolemic Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)Insectifuge Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Irritant Merck 11th EditionPercutaneostimulant Seki, T., Toeda, C., Kawaguchi, T., Juni, K., Sugibayashi, K., and Morimoto, Y. 1990. Enhanced Transdermal Delivery of Zidovudine in Rats and

Human Skin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(11): 3086-3089, 1990.Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPropecic

OXALIC-ACID Fruit -- 140.0 -0.3 *

Activities (9)

AcaricideAntisepticCNS-Paralytic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791 pp.Fatal Martindale's 29thHemostatic Merck 11th EditionIrritantPesticideRenotoxic Merck 11th EditionVarroacide

P-COUMARIC-ACID Leaf -- -- *


Activities (25)



Allelopathic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &Frost, London. 791 pp.

Antibacterial Pharmazie, 46: 156, 1991.AnticlastogenAntifertilityAntihepatotoxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Antileukemic IC50=25-56 ug/ml Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin

Med, 31(1):37-46.Antinitrosaminic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antioxidant IC24=30 ppmAntioxidant 1/3 BHAAntiperoxidant IC50=>100 uM Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.AntisepticAntispasmodic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical

Press, London. 296pp.AntitumorCancer-PreventiveChemopreventiveCholereticCytotoxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Diaphoretic? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-90.Fungicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC11=5mM


PesticideProstaglandigenicProstaglandin-Synthesis-InhibitorTyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=3,650uM

P-COUMARIC-ACID FruitJuice

-- -- *


Activities (25)



Allelopathic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &Frost, London. 791 pp.

Antibacterial Pharmazie, 46: 156, 1991.AnticlastogenAntifertilityAntihepatotoxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Antileukemic IC50=25-56 ug/ml Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin

Med, 31(1):37-46.Antinitrosaminic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antioxidant IC24=30 ppmAntioxidant 1/3 BHAAntiperoxidant IC50=>100 uM Planta Medica, 57: A54, 1991.AntisepticAntispasmodic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical

Press, London. 296pp.AntitumorCancer-PreventiveChemopreventiveCholereticCytotoxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Diaphoretic? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-90.Fungicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.

Lipoxygenase-Inhibitor IC11=5mM


PesticideProstaglandigenicProstaglandin-Synthesis-InhibitorTyrosinase-Inhibitor ID50=3,650uM

P-COUMARINIC-ACID Fruit -- -- *

PALMITIC-ACID Seed -- -- *

Activities (13)

5-Alpha-Reductase-InhibitorAntialopecicAntiandrogenicAntifibrinolytic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 53.Antioxidant IC40=60FLavor FEMA 1 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryHemolytic Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.Hypercholesterolemic Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)Lubricant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Nematicide Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.PesticidePropecicSoap Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.

PANTOTHENIC-ACID Fruit 6.0 31.0 0.82 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)


Activities (11)

Antiallergic 100-500 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiarthritic 500-2,000 mg/dayAnticephalagic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Anticlaudificant? Martindale's 29thAntidermatitic Duke, J. A. Writeups or information summaries on approximately 2,000 economic plants, USDA, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705.Antifatigue Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Antihypercholesterolemic 300mg/meal


Antiielus? Martindale's 29thAntiinsomniac? Martindale's 29thAntirheumatitic? Martindale's 29thCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.

PECTIN Pericarp 20000.0 40000.0 *

Activities (24)

Antiatheromic 15 g/man/day Cerda, J.J. Pectin in Health and Disease. HortScience, 25(12): 1485, 1990.AntibacterialAntidiabetic 10 g/man/day/orlAntidiarrheic Merck 11th EditionAntienteriticAntigallstoneAntigastriticAntilithicAntimetastatic

AntimutagenicAntiobesity Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor (Prostate)AntitussiveAntiulcerCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.ChemopreventiveDemulcentFungicide Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.HemostatHypocholesterolemicHypoglycemic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.PeristalticPesticide

PECTIN Fruit -- 2700.0 -0.6 ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publicationsand Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.


Activities (24)

Antiatheromic 15 g/man/day Cerda, J.J. Pectin in Health and Disease. HortScience, 25(12): 1485, 1990.AntibacterialAntidiabetic 10 g/man/day/orlAntidiarrheic Merck 11th EditionAntienteriticAntigallstoneAntigastriticAntilithicAntimetastaticAntimutagenicAntiobesity Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor (Prostate)AntitussiveAntiulcerCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.ChemopreventiveDemulcentFungicide Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.HemostatHypocholesterolemicHypoglycemic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.PeristalticPesticide

PEDUNCULAGIN Leaf -- -- *

Activities (9)

Antihepatotoxic Okuda, T., Yoshida, T., and Hatano, T. Antioxidant Effects of Tannins and Related Polyphenols. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects onHealth, Ch.7 p.93.

Antilipolytic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.AntioxidantAntiperoxidant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Beta-AdrenergicReceptor Blocker 10uM


Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor 0.03 ug/ml

Ooishi, K., Kato, J., Hayamizu, K. 1994. Topoisomerase Inhibitors Containing Tannins, Especially Pedunculagin, for Treatment of Cancer. Patent,Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho-06 72,885. 7pp.





PEDUNCULAGIN StemBark


Activities (9)

Antihepatotoxic Okuda, T., Yoshida, T., and Hatano, T. Antioxidant Effects of Tannins and Related Polyphenols. Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects onHealth, Ch.7 p.93.

Antilipolytic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.791 pp.

Antimutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 235.AntioxidantAntiperoxidant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Beta-AdrenergicReceptor Blocker 10uM


Topoisomerase-I-Inhibitor 0.03 ug/ml

Ooishi, K., Kato, J., Hayamizu, K. 1994. Topoisomerase Inhibitors Containing Tannins, Especially Pedunculagin, for Treatment of Cancer. Patent,Japan Kokai Tokkyo Koho-06 72,885. 7pp.





PELARGONIDIN Leaf -- -- *


Activities (7)

Antiherpetic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 197.Antioxidant ID50=85-456uMAntiviralCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.PesticidePigment Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Prooxidant

PELARGONIDIN-3,5-DI-O-GLUCOSIDE FruitJuice

-- -- *

PELARGONIDIN-3,5-DIGLUCOSIDE Flower -- -- *

PELARGONIDIN-3-GLUCOSIDE Seed -- -- Rizk, A.F.M. and Al-Nowaihi, A.S., The Phytochemistry of theHorticultural Plants of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre,University of Qatar.

PELARGONIDIN-3-O-GLUCOSIDE FruitJuice

-- -- *

PELLETIERINE RootBark

-- -- *

Activities (12)

Anthelmintic Merck 11th EditionCNS-Depressant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Cestodicide Merck 11th EditionEmeticHypertensive 1 mg/kgLaxative ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.Mydriatic ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.OxyuricideParalytic ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.PesticideTaenicide LDlo=40 (ivn rbt) Merck 11th EditionVertiginous ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.

PELLETIERINE Bark -- -- *

Activities (12)


PELLETIERINE Leaf -- -- *


Activities (12)


PELLETIERINE StemBark

-- -- *

Activities (12)

Anthelmintic Merck 11th EditionCNS-Depressant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Cestodicide Merck 11th EditionEmeticHypertensive 1 mg/kgLaxative ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.Mydriatic ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.OxyuricideParalytic ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.PesticideTaenicide LDlo=40 (ivn rbt) Merck 11th Edition

Vertiginous ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.

PHENETHYL-RUTINOSIDE Seed -- -- *

PHOSPHATIDYL-CHOLINE Seed -- -- Rizk, A.F.M. and Al-Nowaihi, A.S., The Phytochemistry of theHorticultural Plants of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre,University of Qatar.

Activities (2)

Antialzheimeran 10-25 g/day/orlAntimanic 15-30 g/man/day/orl Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).

PHOSPHATIDYL-INOSITOL Seed -- -- Rizk, A.F.M. and Al-Nowaihi, A.S., The Phytochemistry of theHorticultural Plants of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre,University of Qatar.

PHOSPHATIDYL-SERINE Seed -- -- Rizk, A.F.M. and Al-Nowaihi, A.S., The Phytochemistry of theHorticultural Plants of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre,University of Qatar.

PHOSPHOLIPIDS Seed -- -- Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992.Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

PHOSPHORUS Fruit 80.0 3182.0 -0.01 *

Activities (4)

Antiosteoporotic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AnxiolyticImmunostimulant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Osteogenic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

PHYTOSTEROLS Fruit 170.0 892.0 -0.07 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

Activities (2)

AntiprostatoticHypocholesterolemic


PIPERIDINES StemBark

-- 4000.0 *

PIPERIDINES RootBark

-- 8000.0 *

POLYPHENOLS Fruit 2200.0 10500.0 -0.71 *

Activities (30)

AnthelminticAntiHIVAntiangiogenicAntibacterialAnticariogenicAntidiarrheicAntidysentericAntihepatotoxicAntihypertensiveAntilipolyticAntimutagenicAntiophidic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363.AntioxidantIC50=1.44 ug/ml

Antiradicular 500mg/kg/day orl mus


Antirenitic Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone SpontaneouslyHypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990.

AntitumorAntiulcerAntiviralCancer-Preventive HerbalGram No. 22 - Spring 1990, page 14.ChelatorCyclooxygenase-InhibitorGlucosyl-Transferase-InhibitorHepatoprotectiveImmunosuppressantLipoxygenase-InhibitorMAO-InhibitorOrnithine-Decarboxylase-InhibitorPesticidePsychotropic Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously

Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990.Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor

POMEGRANATATE Flower -- -- *

POTASSIUM Fruit 1330.0 18950.0 0.09 *

Activities (14)

Angiotensin-Receptor-BlockerAntiarrhythmic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antidepressant Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Antifatigue Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntihypertensiveAntispasmodic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntistrokeAnxiolyticBeta-BlockerCardioprotective 3,000-5,000 mgCardiotoxic 18,000 mg/man/dayDiureticHypotensiveVasodilator


PROCYANIDIN-B-1 Fruit -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

Activities (1)

ACE-Inhibitor 0.33 mg/ml (58.2% inhibition)

PROCYANIDIN-B-2 Fruit -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

Activities (1)



PROLINE Fruit -- -- *

PROTEIN Seed -- 25000.0 -1.86 CRC Handbook of Medicinal Herbs and/or CRC Handbook of ProximateAnalyses

PROTEIN Fruit 7700.0 73000.0 -0.49 *

PROTOCATECHUIC-ACID Fruit -- -- *


Activities (43)

AllergenicAlpha-Glucosidase-InhibitorAntiLegionellaAntiarrhythmic Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co.,

Philadelphia Pa., page 407.AntiasthmaticAntibacterial Lamikanra, A., Ogundaini, A.O., and Ogungbamila*, F.O. Antibacterial Constituents of Alchornea cordifolia Leaves. Phytotherapy Research 4(5):

198.AnticlastogenAntihepatotoxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.AntiherpeticAntiinflammatory Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Antiischemic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.AntileukemicAntimelanogenicID60=0.5 uM/mlAntimutagenicAntiophidic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363.Antioxidant 2/3quercetinAntioxidant 10 xalpha-tocopherolAntioxidant 1/2 BHTAntiperoxidantIC50=>100 uM


AntiperoxidantIC75=200 ug/mlAntiradicularAntisepticAntispasmodicEC50=4.6-17 uM

Ortiz de Urbina, J.J., Martin, M.L., Sevilla, M.A., Montero, M.J., Carron, R., and San Roman, L. Antispasmodic Activity on Rat Smooth Muscle ofPolyphenol Compounds Caffeic and Protocathechic Acids. Phytotherapy Research 4(2): 73, 1990.

Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor (Mouth)Antitumor (Skin)Antitussive Advance in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. 1985. Eds. H. M. Chang, H. W. Yeung, W. -W. Tso and A. Koo. World Scientific Publishing Co.,

Philadelphia Pa., page 200.AntiviralApoptoticCarcinogenicCardioprotectiveChemopreventive100 ppm orl ratFungicide 500 ug/ml Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent

Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.Glutathione-DepletingHepatotoxicImmunostimulant Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 124.NephrotoxicPesticidePhagocytotic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 1: 124.

ProstaglandigenicSecretogogue Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.

296pp.Tyrosinase-InhibitorID60=0.5 uM/mlUbiquiot Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.

PSEUDOPELLETIERINE Bark -- -- *

PSEUDOPELLETIERINE StemBark

-- -- *

PSEUDOPELLETIERINE RootBark

-- -- *

PUNICACORTEIN-A StemBark


PUNICACORTEIN-A RootBark

-- -- *


PUNICACORTEIN-A Bark -- -- *

PUNICACORTEIN-B StemBark


PUNICACORTEIN-B RootBark

-- -- *

PUNICACORTEIN-B Bark -- -- *

PUNICACORTEIN-C StemBark


Activities (1)



PUNICACORTEIN-C RootBark

-- -- *

Activities (1)



PUNICACORTEIN-C Bark -- -- *

Activities (1)



PUNICACORTEIN-D StemBark


PUNICACORTEIN-D Bark -- -- *

PUNICACORTEIN-D RootBark

-- -- *

PUNICACORTEINS StemBark

-- -- *

PUNICACORTEINS Bark -- -- *

PUNICAFOLIN Leaf -- -- *

Activities (1)



PUNICAFOLIN Plant -- -- *

Activities (1)



PUNICALAGIN RootBark

-- -- *


Activities (12)

AntiHIVAntiMRSAAntimalarial 2-8 ug/mlAntioxidant IC50=2.3 uMAntiplasmodial 1.5-8 ug/mlAntiplasmodial IC50=7.5-8.8uMHepatoprotectiveHepatotoxicPesticideTopoisomerase-II-InhibitorIC100=0.2 uM


ToxicTrypanocide 1.5-1.75 uM

PUNICALAGIN Bark -- -- *

Activities (12)




PUNICALAGIN Pericarp -- -- *

Activities (12)

AntiHIVAntiMRSAAntimalarial 2-8 ug/mlAntioxidant IC50=2.3 uMAntiplasmodial 1.5-8 ug/ml

Antiplasmodial IC50=7.5-8.8uMHepatoprotectiveHepatotoxicPesticideTopoisomerase-II-InhibitorIC100=0.2 uM



PUNICALAGIN Leaf -- -- *


Activities (12)




PUNICALAGIN StemBark


Activities (12)




PUNICALIN RootBark

-- -- *

Activities (7)

AntiAIDSHIV-RT-Inhibitor ID50=8uMHepatoprotectiveHepatotoxicPesticideTopoisomerase-II-InhibitorIC100=0.5 uM


Toxic

PUNICALIN Bark -- -- *

Activities (7)



Toxic

PUNICALIN Leaf -- -- *


Activities (7)



Toxic

PUNICALIN Pericarp -- -- *

Activities (7)



Toxic

PUNICALIN StemBark


Activities (7)



Toxic

PUNICIC-ACID Seed 26395.0 147100.0 1.0 *

Activities (8)

Antieicosanoid Newman, R. A., Lansky, E. P., with Block, M. L. 2007. Pomegranate - The Most Medicinal Fruit. Basic Health Publications, Laguna Beach, CA. 120pp.

Antiinflammatory Newman, R. A., Lansky, E. P., with Block, M. L. 2007. Pomegranate - The Most Medicinal Fruit. Basic Health Publications, Laguna Beach, CA. 120pp.

Antileukemic

AntiprostaglandinCOX-1-InhibitorCOX-2-InhibitorCyclooxygenase-InhibitorCytotoxic

PUNICIC-ACID-(CIS-9,TRANS-11,CIS-13-OCTADECATRIENOIC-ACID)

Seed -- -- *

PUNIGLUCONIN Bark -- -- Rizk, A.F.M. and Al-Nowaihi, A.S., The Phytochemistry of theHorticultural Plants of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre,University of Qatar.

PUNIGLUCONIN StemBark


PUNIGLUCONIN-2,3-DI-O-GALLOYL-4,6-(S)-HEXAHYDROXYDIPHENOYLGLUCONIC-ACID

Bark -- -- *

QUERCETIN Leaf -- -- *

Activities (176)

11B-HSD-Inhibitor5-Lipoxygenase-InhibitorIC50 (uM)=4ATPase-Inhibitor Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.


Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC70-96=10 uMAldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uMAldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml

Ichikawa, K., et al. 1991. Isolation and Structure Determination of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors from Traditional Thai Medicine, and Syntheses ofTheir Derivatives. Sankyo Kenkyusho Nempo, 43: 99-110.

Aldose-Reductase-Inhibitor IC50=0.84ug/ml cow

Okada,Y,et al.1995.Search for Naturally Occurring Substances to Prevent the Complications of Diabetes.II.Inhibitory Effect of Coumarin andFlavonoid Derivatives on Bovine Lens Aldose Reductase and Rabbit Platelet Aggregation.Chem Pharm Bull43(8):1385-1387


Mao, X. M., Zhang, J. Q. 1993. Inhibition of Aldose Reductase by Extracts of Chinese Herbal Medicine. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi , 18(10): 623-624.


Allergenic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

AnalgesicAntiCrohn's 400mg/man/3x/day


AntiGTF ID50=120 ug/mlAntiHIVAntiPMS 500mg/2x/day/wmn


Antiaflatoxin IC50=25uMAntiaflatoxin IC50=7.5ppmAntiaggregant IC50=55uM

Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 333.

Antiaggregant 30 uMAntiagingAntiallergic IC50=14 uM Jim Duke's personal files.AntialzheimeranAntianaphylactic Meli, R., Autore, G., Di Carlo, G., Capasso, F. Inhibitory Action of Quercetin on Intestinal Transit in Mice. Phytotherapy Research 4(5): 201, 1990.AntiangiogenicAntiarthriticAntiasthmatic IC50=14uMAntiatherosclerotic

Antibacterial Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

Anticarcinomic (Breast)IC50=1.5 uM


Anticariogenic ID50=120ug/mlAnticataractAnticolitic 400mg/man/3x/day


AnticomplementaryAnticystitic 1,000mg/day/4 weeksAntidepressantAntidermatitic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AntidiabeticAntielastase IC50=0.8ug/mlAntiencephalitic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 199.AntiescherichicAntiestrogenicAntifeedant IC52=<1,000 ppm diet


AntifibrosarcomicAntiflu Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart.Antigastric Rastitel'nye Resursy, 21: 85.Antigonadotropic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antihepatotoxic Joyeux, M., Rolland, A., Fleurentin, J., Mortier, F., and Dorfman, P. 1989. Tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-Induced Injury in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes: A

Model for Studying Anti-Hepatotoxic Crude Drugs. Planta Medica 56(2): 171-173, 1990.Antiherpetic 48-150ug/mlAntihistaminic IC50=<10uMAntihydrophobic Vlietinck, A.J. and Dommisse, R.A. eds. 1985. Advances in Medicinal Plant Research. Wiss. Verlag. Stuttgart.Antihypertensive Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Antiinflammatory 20-150mg/kg

Fitoterapia No.5-1990.

Antileishmanic IC50=64Antileukemic IC50=10uM


Antileukemic IC50=>10ug/ml



Antileukemic 5.5-60 uMAntileukotriene Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AntilipoperoxidantIC67=50Antimalarial IC50=1-6.4ug/ml

Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of the Tropics. Leeuwenberg, A.J.M., ed. Pudoc, Wageningen. 1987.

AntimelanomicAntimetastaticAntimutagenic ID50=2-5nM


AntimutagenicID50=0.62 ug/mlAntimyocarditic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 199.AntinitrosaminicAntinociceptiveAntioxidant IC96=300ppm


Antioxidant ED50=2.3uM

Seidel, V., Verholle, M., Malard, Y., Tillequin, F., Fruchart, J-C., Duriez, P., Bailleul, F., Teissier, E. 2000. Phenylpropanoids from Ballota nigra L.Inhibit in vitro LDL Peroxidation. Phytotherapy Research, 14(2): 93-98.

Antioxidant 4.7 x Vit. EAntioxidant IC47=10 uMAntipancreatitic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antiperiodontal Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AntiperistalticAntipermeabilityAntiperoxidant Planta Medica, 57: A110, 1991.Antipharyngitic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiplaque Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiplasmodial IC50=13-64AntipodriacAntipolio Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiproliferant 10 nMAntiprostanoidAntiprostatitic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antipsoriac Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiradicular IC50=4.6uM

Planta Medica, 56(6): 695, 1990.

AntispasmodicAntistreptococcicID50=120 ug/mlAntithiamin Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69.AntithrombicAntitrypanosomicIC50=13Antitumor 10 uMAntitumor (Bladder)Antitumor (Breast)Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor (Lung)Antitumor (Ovary)Antitumor (Skin) 20 uMAntitumor-Promoter Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AntiulcerAntiviral IC50=10 uM Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 225.Antiviral 48-150 ug/ml Amoros, M., Simoes, C.M.O., Girre, L., et al. Synergistic Effect Of Flavones And Flavonols Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 In Cell Culture.

Comparison With The Antiviral Activity Of Propolis. J. of Natural Products 55(12):1732-1740, 1992.Apoptotic 20-60 uMBacteristat 10 mg/mlBradycardiac Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.COMT-InhibitorCOX-2-Inhibitor <40 uMCalmodulin-Antagonist Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CandidicideCapillariprotective Merck 11th EditionCarcinogenic 40,000ppm (diet) mus

Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.

CatabolicCopper-ChelatorCyclooxygenase-InhibitorCytochrome-P450-1A2-Inhibitor


Cytotoxic ED50=70ug/ml

Matsukawa, Y., et al. The Effect of Quercetin and Other Flavonoids on Cell Cycle Progresssion and Growth of Human Gastric Cancer Cells. PlantaMedica, 56(6): 677, 1990.

Cytotoxic IC82=100ug/ml


Deiodinase-Inhibitor Jim Duke's personal files.Diaphoretic? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-90.Differentiator 5.5 uMEstrogenic 10% genisteinFungicideGlucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor ID50=120 ug/ml

HIV-RT-Inhibitor IC50=<1ug/ml

Nakane, H., Fukushima, M., and Ono*, K. Differential Inhibition Of Reverse Transcriptase And Various DNA Polymerases By Digallic Acid And ItsDerivatives. Journal of Natural Products, 53(5): 1234-1240, 1990.

Hemostat Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Hepatomagenic 5,000ppm (diet) rat


HepatoprotectiveHypoglycemic 100 mg/kgorl rat

Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal ofEthnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989.

InotropicInsulinogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Juvabional Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent

Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.Larvistat 8,000 ppm diet Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: Recent

Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.Lipoxygenase-InhibitorIC11=1.25 mM


Lipoxygenase-InhibitorIC50=0.1-5 uMMAO-A-InhibitorMMP-9-Inhibitor 20 uMMast-Cell-StabilizerMetal-Chelator (Copper) Seidel, V., Verholle, M., Malard, Y., Tillequin, F., Fruchart, J-C., Duriez, P., Bailleul, F., Teissier, E. 2000. Phenylpropanoids from Ballota nigra L.

Inhibit in vitro LDL Peroxidation. Phytotherapy Research, 14(2): 93-98.Metalloproteinase-Inhibitor IC50=>42 uMMutagenicNADH-Oxidase-InhibitorNEP-Inhibitor IC50=>42uMNF-kB-InhibitorNO-Inhibitor IC>50=125uMNO-Inhibitor IC50=20 uMNO-Synthase-Inhibitor 5-50 uMNeuroprotective 5-25 uMOrnithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor <10 uMP450-Inducer 5 uM Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations.P450-Inhibitor 50-100 uM Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations.PGE2-InhibitorPTK-Inhibitor 0.4-24 uMPesticidePhospholipase-InhibitorPlasmodicide Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.ProliferantProstaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 40 ug/ml

Ibewuike, J. C., Ogungbamila, F. O., Ogundaini, A. O., Okeke, I. N., Bohlin, L. 1997. Antiinflammatory and Antibacterial Activities of C-methylflavonol from Piliostigma thonningii. Phytotherapy Research, 11(4): 281-284.

Protein-Kinase-C-Inhibitor

Naim, M., Zehavi, U., Nagy, S., and Rouseff, R.L. Hydroxycinnamic Acids as Off-Flavor Precursors in Citrus Fruits and Their Products. PhenolicCompounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, Ch.14.

Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 6 uM


Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 13 uMTNF-alpha-InhibitorIC50=3.11 uMTeratologicTopoisomerase-I-Inhibitor IC50=12.8ug/mlTopoisomerase-I-Inhibitor IC50=42 uMTopoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=1-6.9ug/mlTopoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=23-40 uMTumorigenic 0.1% dietorl rat/yr

Jim Duke's personal files.


Tyrosinase-InhibitorID50=70 uMTyrosine-Kinase-Inhibitor Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 170.VEGF-InhibitorVasodilatorXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=>0.4ug/ml


Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=10.6ug/mlXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor 3.1 uMcAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor


iNOS-Inhibitor IC50=20uM

QUERCETIN Fruit -- -- *

Activities (176)

11B-HSD-Inhibitor5-Lipoxygenase-InhibitorIC50 (uM)=4ATPase-Inhibitor Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.Aldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC70-96=10 uMAldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uMAldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml














Antiaggregant 30 uMAntiagingAntiallergic IC50=14 uM Jim Duke's personal files.AntialzheimeranAntianaphylactic Meli, R., Autore, G., Di Carlo, G., Capasso, F. Inhibitory Action of Quercetin on Intestinal Transit in Mice. Phytotherapy Research 4(5): 201, 1990.AntiangiogenicAntiarthriticAntiasthmatic IC50=14uMAntiatheroscleroticAntibacterial Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Anticarcinomic (Breast)IC50=1.5 uM




AnticomplementaryAnticystitic 1,000mg/day/4 weeksAntidepressantAntidermatitic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antidiabetic


Antielastase IC50=0.8ug/mlAntiencephalitic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 199.AntiescherichicAntiestrogenicAntifeedant IC52=<1,000 ppm diet


















Antioxidant 4.7 x Vit. EAntioxidant IC47=10 uMAntipancreatitic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antiperiodontal Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AntiperistalticAntipermeabilityAntiperoxidant Planta Medica, 57: A110, 1991.

Antipharyngitic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiplaque Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiplasmodial IC50=13-64AntipodriacAntipolio Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiproliferant 10 nMAntiprostanoidAntiprostatitic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antipsoriac Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiradicular IC50=4.6uM

Planta Medica, 56(6): 695, 1990.

AntispasmodicAntistreptococcicID50=120 ug/mlAntithiamin Phenolic Compounds in Food and Their Effects on Health, 69.AntithrombicAntitrypanosomicIC50=13Antitumor 10 uMAntitumor (Bladder)Antitumor (Breast)Antitumor (Colon)


Antitumor (Lung)Antitumor (Ovary)Antitumor (Skin) 20 uMAntitumor-Promoter Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AntiulcerAntiviral IC50=10 uM Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 225.Antiviral 48-150 ug/ml Amoros, M., Simoes, C.M.O., Girre, L., et al. Synergistic Effect Of Flavones And Flavonols Against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 In Cell Culture.



CatabolicCopper-ChelatorCyclooxygenase-InhibitorCytochrome-P450-1A2-InhibitorCytotoxic ED50=70ug/ml




Deiodinase-Inhibitor Jim Duke's personal files.Diaphoretic? Lawrence Review of Natural Products, Dec-90.Differentiator 5.5 uMEstrogenic 10% genisteinFungicideGlucosyl-Transferase-Inhibitor ID50=120 ug/mlHIV-RT-Inhibitor IC50=<1ug/ml


Hemostat Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.

Hepatomagenic 5,000ppm (diet) rat









Inhibit in vitro LDL Peroxidation. Phytotherapy Research, 14(2): 93-98.Metalloproteinase-Inhibitor IC50=>42 uMMutagenicNADH-Oxidase-InhibitorNEP-Inhibitor IC50=>42uMNF-kB-InhibitorNO-Inhibitor IC>50=125uMNO-Inhibitor IC50=20 uMNO-Synthase-Inhibitor 5-50 uMNeuroprotective 5-25 uMOrnithine-Decarboxylase-Inhibitor <10 uMP450-Inducer 5 uM Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations.P450-Inhibitor 50-100 uM Father Nature's Farmacy: The aggregate of all these three-letter citations.PGE2-Inhibitor


PTK-Inhibitor 0.4-24 uMPesticidePhospholipase-InhibitorPlasmodicide Neuwinger, H. D. 1996. African Ethnobotany - Poisons and Drugs. Chapman & Hall, New York. 941 pp.ProliferantProstaglandin-Synthesis-Inhibitor 40 ug/ml








Tyrosinase-InhibitorID50=70 uM

Tyrosine-Kinase-Inhibitor Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 170.VEGF-InhibitorVasodilatorXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=>0.4ug/ml





QUERCETIN Plant -- -- *

Activities (176)













Antiaflatoxin IC50=25uMAntiaflatoxin IC50=7.5ppm


Antiaggregant IC50=55uM





Anticariogenic ID50=120ug/mlAnticataract

Anticolitic 400mg/man/3x/day




















Antioxidant 4.7 x Vit. EAntioxidant IC47=10 uMAntipancreatitic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antiperiodontal Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiperistaltic


AntipermeabilityAntiperoxidant Planta Medica, 57: A110, 1991.Antipharyngitic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiplaque Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiplasmodial IC50=13-64

AntipodriacAntipolio Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiproliferant 10 nMAntiprostanoidAntiprostatitic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antipsoriac Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiradicular IC50=4.6uM

Planta Medica, 56(6): 695, 1990.




CatabolicCopper-ChelatorCyclooxygenase-InhibitorCytochrome-P450-1A2-InhibitorCytotoxic ED50=70ug/ml








Hepatoprotective

Hypoglycemic 100 mg/kgorl rat



Advances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.


Larvistat 8,000 ppm diet Lydon, J. & Duke, S., The potential of pesticides from plants, pp. 1-41 in Craker, L. & Simon, J., eds, Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants: RecentAdvances in Botany, Horticulture, & Pharmacology, v. 4, Oryx Press, Phoenix, 1989, 267pp.

Lipoxygenase-InhibitorIC11=1.25 mM











Tyrosinase-InhibitorID50=70 uMTyrosine-Kinase-Inhibitor Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 170.VEGF-InhibitorVasodilator

Xanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=>0.4ug/ml





QUERCETIN Pericarp -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

Activities (176)



























Antileishmanic IC50=64


Antileukemic IC50=10uM












Antioxidant 4.7 x Vit. EAntioxidant IC47=10 uMAntipancreatitic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antiperiodontal Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).AntiperistalticAntipermeabilityAntiperoxidant Planta Medica, 57: A110, 1991.Antipharyngitic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiplaque Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiplasmodial IC50=13-64

AntipodriacAntipolio Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiproliferant 10 nMAntiprostanoidAntiprostatitic Joseph, J., Nadeau, D. and Underwood, A. 2001. The Color Code. Hyperion, NY.Antipsoriac Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antiradicular IC50=4.6uM

Planta Medica, 56(6): 695, 1990.




Catabolic


Copper-ChelatorCyclooxygenase-InhibitorCytochrome-P450-1A2-InhibitorCytotoxic ED50=70ug/ml





















Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 13 uMTNF-alpha-InhibitorIC50=3.11 uMTeratologicTopoisomerase-I-Inhibitor IC50=12.8ug/mlTopoisomerase-I-Inhibitor IC50=42 uMTopoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=1-6.9ug/ml


Topoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=23-40 uMTumorigenic 0.1% dietorl rat/yr


Tyrosinase-InhibitorID50=70 uMTyrosine-Kinase-Inhibitor Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 170.VEGF-InhibitorVasodilatorXanthine-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC50=>0.4ug/ml





QUERCETIN-3,4'-DIMETHYLETHER-7-O-ALPHA-L-ARABINOFURANOSYL(1,6)BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE

Fruit -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

QUERCETIN-3-O-RUTINOSIDE Fruit -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

QUERCIMERITRIN Fruit -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

Activities (6)

Aldose-Reductase-InhibitorIC20=1 uMAldose-Reductase-InhibitorIC44=10 uM

Shimizu, M., Ito, T., Terashima, S., Hayashi, T., Arisawa, M., Morita, N., Kurokawa, S., Ito, K., and Hashimoto, Y. 1984. Inhibition of Lens AldoseReductase by Flavonoids. Phytochemistry, 23: 1885-1888.

Antiherpetic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 198.Antiviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 198.Insectiphile Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,


QUINIC-ACID Leaf -- -- *

Activities (1)

Choleretic Fitoterapia No.5-1986.

QUINIC-ACID Fruit -- -- *

Activities (1)

Choleretic Fitoterapia No.5-1986.

RESINS Pericarp -- 45000.0 *

RIBOFLAVIN Fruit -- 4.0 -0.22 *


Activities (15)

AntiLyme 50 mg/dayAntiarabiflavinotic 2-10 mg/day orl Martindale's 28thAnticarpal-Tunnel 50 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Anticataract 15 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AnticephalagicAnticervicaldysplasic 1.6-10 mg/dayAnticheiliticAntidecubiticAntiglossitic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.AntikeratiticAntimigraineAntioxidant

AntipellagricAntiphotophobic Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.

RUTIN Plant -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

Activities (87)

5-HT-InhibitorAldehyde-Oxidase-Inhibitor IC27-52=10 uMAldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 100 uMAldose-Reductase-Inhibitor 4 ug/ml


AllelochemicAntiCVI 270 mg/man/dayAntiaggregant ED50=33nmol/kg ivAntiallergicAntiapoplecticAntiatherogenicAntiatheroscleroticAntibacterial Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.AnticancerAnticapillary-Fragility 20-100 mg orl man

Merck 7th Ed.

AnticataractAnticlastogenAnticonvulsant Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Antidementia Bruneton, J. 1999. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. 2nd Ed. Lavoisier Publishing, Paris. 1119 pp.Antidermatitic Bisset, N.G., ed. 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 566 pp.Antidiabetic Jin, G-Z., Yamagata, Y., and Tomita, K.-i. 1989. Structure of Rutin Pentamethanol. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(2): 297-300, 1990.Antiedemic 270 mg/dayorl manAntierythemicAntifeedantAntiglaucomic 60 mg/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntihematuricAntihemorrhoidalAntihepatotoxic Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY.

665 pp.Antiherpetic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 198.AntihistaminicAntihypertensive Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Antiinflammatory 20mg/kgAntimalarial IC50=>100ug/ml

Khalid, S.A., Farouk, A., Geary**, T.G., and Jensen, J.B. 1985. Potential Antimalarial Candidates From African Plants: An In Vitro Approach UsingPlasmodium falciparum*. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 15: 201-209, 1986.

AntimelanomicAntimetastaticAntimutagenic ID50=2-5nMAntinephriticAntinociceptive


Antioxidant IC28=30ppmAntioxidant IC50=120 uMAntioxidant IC54=10 uMAntiperoxidant IC50=10-20 uM

AntiplateletAntiproliferant 50-75 uM/lAntiprotozoalAntipurpuricAntiradicular 9 xquercetinAntispasmodicAntisunburnAntithrombogenicEC50=500 nMAntithyroid IC50=68 uMAntitrypanosomic 100mg/kg


AntitumorAntitumor-PromoterAntiulcerAntivaricoseAntiviralApoptotic 75 uM/lCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Capillariprotective Merck 11th EditionCatabolicChemopreventiveCytoprotective IC50=3uMEstrogenic? Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.HemostatHepatomagenic 20,000ppm (diet) rat


Hepatoprotective 20mg/kg ratHypocholesterolemic Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Hypotensive Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.ImmunomodulatorInsecticide Keeler, R.F. and Tu, A.T. eds. 1991. Toxicology of Plant and Fungal Compounds. (Handbook of Natural Toxins Vol. 6) Marcel Dekker, Inc. NY.

665 pp.Insectiphile Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Juvabional Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Larvistat IC95=4,000-8,000 ppm diet




Mutagenic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.MyoprotectiveMyorelaxant Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.Oviposition-Stimulant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.PAF-InhibitorPesticideProtisticideRadioprotectiveSunscreenTopoisomerase-II-Inhibitor IC50=1 ug/ml


VasodilatorVasopressorcAMP-Phosphodiesterase-Inhibitor


RUTIN Leaf -- -- *

Activities (87)






Merck 7th Ed.


665 pp.Antiherpetic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 198.AntihistaminicAntihypertensive Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.Antiinflammatory 20mg/kgAntimalarial IC50=>100ug/ml


AntimelanomicAntimetastaticAntimutagenic ID50=2-5nMAntinephriticAntinociceptiveAntioxidant IC28=30ppmAntioxidant IC50=120 uMAntioxidant IC54=10 uMAntiperoxidant IC50=10-20 uMAntiplateletAntiproliferant 50-75 uM/lAntiprotozoalAntipurpuricAntiradicular 9 xquercetinAntispasmodic

AntisunburnAntithrombogenicEC50=500 nMAntithyroid IC50=68 uMAntitrypanosomic 100mg/kg


AntitumorAntitumor-PromoterAntiulcerAntivaricoseAntiviralApoptotic 75 uM/lCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Capillariprotective Merck 11th EditionCatabolicChemopreventiveCytoprotective IC50=3uMEstrogenic? Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.


HemostatHepatomagenic 20,000ppm (diet) rat













RUTIN FruitJuice

-- -- *

Activities (87)





Merck 7th Ed.


665 pp.Antiherpetic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 198.AntihistaminicAntihypertensive Huang, K. C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 388 pp.


Antiinflammatory 20mg/kgAntimalarial IC50=>100ug/ml


AntimelanomicAntimetastaticAntimutagenic ID50=2-5nMAntinephriticAntinociceptiveAntioxidant IC28=30ppmAntioxidant IC50=120 uMAntioxidant IC54=10 uMAntiperoxidant IC50=10-20 uMAntiplateletAntiproliferant 50-75 uM/lAntiprotozoalAntipurpuricAntiradicular 9 xquercetinAntispasmodicAntisunburnAntithrombogenicEC50=500 nMAntithyroid IC50=68 uMAntitrypanosomic 100mg/kg


Antitumor

Antitumor-PromoterAntiulcerAntivaricoseAntiviralApoptotic 75 uM/lCancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Capillariprotective Merck 11th EditionCatabolicChemopreventiveCytoprotective IC50=3uMEstrogenic? Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 6: 189.HemostatHepatomagenic 20,000ppm (diet) rat














SALICYLATES Fruit 0.7 3.5 -0.33 *

Activities (7)

Antiaggregant Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.296pp.

Antiinflammatory Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.296pp.

Antipyretic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.296pp.

Antiuricosuric Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.296pp.

Hyperglycemic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.296pp.

Hypoglycemic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.296pp.

Uricosuric Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press, London.296pp.

SEDRIDINE RootBark

-- -- *

SEROTONIN Seed -- 12.0 -1.41 *

Activities (26)

AbortifacientAnalgesic 0.1 mg/rat ith Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press,

Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006.Antiaggregant Martindale's 29thAntialzheimeran? Martindale's 29thAnticholinesterase Martindale's 29thAnticonvulsant 50 mg/kg scurat

Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press,Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006.

AntidepressantAntiendotoxic 32.5 mg/kg iprmus


AntigastricAntigastrisecretogogic Grenand, P., Moretti, C., and Jacquemin, H. 1987. Pharmacopees Traditionnelles en Guyane. l'ORSTROM, Paris. 569 pp.AntipredatoryAntireserpine 12.5 mg/kg iprmus


Antiscoliotic 0.1% dietBronchoconstrictor 0.006mg/kg ivn gpgCardiovascular 0.003 mg/kgivn rat


CoagulantEuphoriantMyorelaxantMyostimulantNeurotransmitterOxytocicSuccinic-Dehydrogenase-Inhibitor

ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.

Teratogenic Martindale's 29thUlcerogenic 20 mg/kg ipr ratVasoactive Merck 11th EditionVasoconstrictor

SEROTONIN FruitJuice

-- -- *


Activities (26)

AbortifacientAnalgesic 0.1 mg/rat ith Borchard, R. E., Barnes, C. D., and Eltherton, L. G. 1991. Drug Dosage in Laboratory Animals: A Handbook. (3rd Ed.) The Telford Press,

Inc., P. O. Box 287, Caldwell NJ 07006.Antiaggregant Martindale's 29thAntialzheimeran? Martindale's 29thAnticholinesterase Martindale's 29thAnticonvulsant 50 mg/kg scurat


AntidepressantAntiendotoxic 32.5 mg/kg iprmus


AntigastricAntigastrisecretogogic Grenand, P., Moretti, C., and Jacquemin, H. 1987. Pharmacopees Traditionnelles en Guyane. l'ORSTROM, Paris. 569 pp.AntipredatoryAntireserpine 12.5 mg/kg iprmus


Antiscoliotic 0.1% dietBronchoconstrictor 0.006mg/kg ivn gpg

Cardiovascular 0.003 mg/kgivn rat


CoagulantEuphoriantMyorelaxantMyostimulantNeurotransmitterOxytocicSuccinic-Dehydrogenase-Inhibitor

ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publications and Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.

Teratogenic Martindale's 29thUlcerogenic 20 mg/kg ipr ratVasoactive Merck 11th EditionVasoconstrictor

SINAPYL-9-O-[BETA-D-APIOFURANOSYL(1-6)]-O-BETA-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE

Seed -- -- *

SITOSTEROL-BETA-D-GLUCOSIDE Flower -- -- Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992.Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

SODIUM Fruit 9.0 350.0 -0.15 *

Activities (1)

Hypertensive Davies, S., and Stewart, A. 1990. Nutritional Medicine. Avon Books, New York. 509pp.

SORBITOL Plant -- -- *

Activities (11)

Antidiabetic (Insulin-Sparing) 30g/man/day

Martindale's 28th

Antiketotic Merck 11th EditionCataractagenic Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.CatharticDiuretic Merck 11th EditionFLavor FEMA 1,000-280,000 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryHumectant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Laxative 5-15 g/man/day Martindale's 28thLaxative 20-50 g/day Martindale's 29thPurgative 30-50 g/man/day Martindale's 28thSweetener 0.6 x sucrose Merck 11th Edition

SORBITOL Twig -- 9100.0 *


Activities (11)

Antidiabetic (Insulin-Sparing) 30g/man/day

Martindale's 28th

Antiketotic Merck 11th EditionCataractagenic Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.CatharticDiuretic Merck 11th EditionFLavor FEMA 1,000-280,000 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryHumectant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor &

Frost, London. 791 pp.Laxative 5-15 g/man/day Martindale's 28thLaxative 20-50 g/day Martindale's 29thPurgative 30-50 g/man/day Martindale's 28thSweetener 0.6 x sucrose Merck 11th Edition

STARCH Seed -- -- -1.26 List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Hager's Handbuch derPharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 2-6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969-1979.

Activities (5)

Absorbent Martindale's 29thAntidote (Iodine) Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Antinesidioblastosic Martindale's 29thEmollient Martindale's 29thPoultice Martindale's 29th

STEARIC-ACID Seed -- -- *

Activities (8)

5-Alpha-Reductase-InhibitorCosmetic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.FLavor FEMA 2-4,000 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryHypocholesterolemic Spiller, G. A. 1996 (Spiller, G. A. Ed. 1996. CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, FL. 233 pp.)Lubricant Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Perfumery Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryPropecicSuppository Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.

STIGMASTEROL Seed -- -- *

Activities (12)

AntihepatotoxicAntiinflammatory Lawrence Review of Natural Products, 1995AntinociceptiveAntiophidic 2.3 mgipr mus


Antioxidant IC33=10uMAntiviral Abid Ali Khan, M.M., Jain, D.C., Bhakuni, R.S., Zaim, M., and Thakur, R.S. 1991. Occurrence of some antiviral sterols in Artemisia annua. Plant

Science, 75: 161-165, 1991.ArtemicideLC50=110 ppm

Jung, J.H., Pummangura, S., Chaichantipyuth, c., Patarapanich, C., and McLaughlin, J.L. 1989. Bioactive Constituents of Melodorum fruticosum.Phytochemistry. 29(5): 1667-1670. 1990.

Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.EstrogenicHypocholesterolemic Nigg, H.N. and Seigler, D.S., eds. 1992. Phytochemical Resources for Medicine and Agriculture. Plenum Press, New York. 445 pp.OvulantSedative

STRICTININ Leaf -- -- *

Activities (1)



STYPTIC-ACID Flower -- -- Rizk, A.F.M. and Al-Nowaihi, A.S., The Phytochemistry of theHorticultural Plants of Qatar, Scientific and Applied Research Centre,University of Qatar.


SUCCINIC-ACID Fruit -- -- *

Activities (7)

Additive FEMA 200-2,000 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryAntifeedantBruchiphobe Jacobson, M., Glossary of Plant-Derived Insect Deterrents, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 213 p, 1990.Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.Dye Merck 11th EditionPerfumery Merck 11th EditionPesticide

SUCROSE Fruit -- -- *

Activities (14)

Aggregant Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Antihiccup 1 tsp Martindale's 29thAntiophthalmic Martindale's 29thAntioxidant Merck 11th EditionAtherogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Collyrium Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Demulcent Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Flatugenic Singh, J., Gupta, K., and Arora, S.K. 1993. Changes in the anti-nutritional factors of developing seeds and pod walls of fenugreek (Trigonella

foenum graecum L.). Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 46: 77-84, 1994.Hypercholesterolemic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Preservative Merck 11th EditionSweetener 1 xsucrose

Merck 11th Edition

Triglycerigenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Uricogenic Pizzorno, J.E. and Murray, M.T. 1985. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. John Bastyr College Publications, Seattle, Washington (Looseleaf).Vulnerary Martindale's 29th

SULFUR Fruit -- 120.0 -0.9 ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publicationsand Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.

Activities (14)

AcarifugeAntiacne Martindale's 29thAntiarthritic Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antidandruff Martindale's 29thAntigrey Martindale's 29thAntiosteoarthritic Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.Antiseborrheic Martindale's 29thAntiseptic Martindale's 29thComedogenic Martindale's 29thKeratolytic Martindale's 29thLaxative Martindale's 29thParasiticide Martindale's 29thPesticideScabicide Martindale's 29th

TANNIN Root -- 70000.0 -0.2 Hansel, R., Keller, K., Rimpler, H., and Schneider, G. eds. 1992.Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Drogen (A-D), 1209pp., 1993 (E-O), 970 pp., 1994 (P-Z), 1196 pp. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.


Activities (35)

AnthelminticAntiHIVAntibacterialAnticancer

AnticariogenicAntidiarrheicAntidysentericAntihepatotoxicAntihypertensiveAntilipolyticAntimutagenicAntinephritic Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously

Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990.Antiophidic Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 363.AntioxidantIC50=1.44 ug/mlAntioxidant 1/3quercetinAntiradicular 500mg/kg/day orl mus


Antiradicular 1/3quercetinAntirenitic Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously

Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990.AntitumorAntitumor-PromoterAntiulcerAntiviralCancer-Preventive HerbalGram No. 22 - Spring 1990, page 14.CarcinogenicChelatorCyclooxygenase-InhibitorGlucosyl-Transferase-InhibitorHepatoprotectiveImmunosuppressantLipoxygenase-InhibitorMAO-InhibitorOrnithine-Decarboxylase-InhibitorPesticidePsychotropic Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously


TANNIN StemBark

100000.0 250000.0 1.38 *


Activities (35)

AnthelminticAntiHIVAntibacterialAnticancerAnticariogenicAntidiarrheicAntidysentericAntihepatotoxicAntihypertensiveAntilipolyticAntimutagenicAntinephritic Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously






TANNIN RootBark

20000.0 280000.0 0.85 *


Activities (35)





Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990.Antitumor

Antitumor-PromoterAntiulcerAntiviralCancer-Preventive HerbalGram No. 22 - Spring 1990, page 14.CarcinogenicChelatorCyclooxygenase-InhibitorGlucosyl-Transferase-InhibitorHepatoprotectiveImmunosuppressantLipoxygenase-InhibitorMAO-InhibitorOrnithine-Decarboxylase-InhibitorPesticidePsychotropic Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously


TANNIN Pericarp 104000.0 336000.0 1.0 *


Activities (35)





Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP) Ingesting Persimmon Tannin. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 38(4): 1049-1052, 1990.AntitumorAntitumor-PromoterAntiulcerAntiviralCancer-Preventive HerbalGram No. 22 - Spring 1990, page 14.CarcinogenicChelatorCyclooxygenase-InhibitorGlucosyl-Transferase-InhibitorHepatoprotective

ImmunosuppressantLipoxygenase-InhibitorMAO-InhibitorOrnithine-Decarboxylase-InhibitorPesticidePsychotropic Uchida, U., Ohta, H., Niwa, M., Mori, A., Nonaka, G-i., Nishioka, I., and Zaki, M. 1989. Prolongation of Life Span of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously


TANNIN Leaf -- 110000.0 -0.01 ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publicationsand Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.


Activities (35)







TANNIN FruitJuice

-- 1700.0 ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publicationsand Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.


Activities (35)







TARTARIC-ACID Fruit -- -- *

Activities (6)

Acidifier Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London. 791pp.

Additive Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by HenryAntioxidantSynergist

Martindale's 29th

FLavor FEMA500-10,000

Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry

Irritant Zebovitz, T. C. Ed. 1989. Part VII. Flavor and Fragrance Substances, in Keith L. H. and Walters, D.B., eds. Compendium of Safety Data Sheets forResearch and Industrial Chemicals. VCH Publishers, New York. 3560-4253.

Sequestrant Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry

TELLIMAGRANDIN Leaf -- -- *

Activities (1)

Antioxidant Okamura, H., Mimura, A., Yakou, Y., Niwano, M., and Takahara, Y. 1992. Antoxidant Activity of Tannins and Flavonoids in Eucalyptus rostrata. Phytochemistry.33(3): 557-561. 1993.

TELLIMAGRANDIN-I Pericarp -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.


Activities (7)

AntiHIVAntihepatotoxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.AntiherpeticEC50=0.036 ug/mlAntilipolytic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Antiviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195.Beta-AdrenergicReceptor Blocker 10uM




TELLIMAGRANDIN-I Leaf -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

Activities (7)

AntiHIVAntihepatotoxic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.AntiherpeticEC50=0.036 ug/mlAntilipolytic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost, London.

791 pp.Antiviral Economic & Medicinal Plant Research, 5: 195.Beta-AdrenergicReceptor Blocker 10uM




TERCATAIN Leaf -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

TERMINALIN-GALLAYLDILACTONE Pericarp -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

TESTOSTERONE Seed -- -- *

Activities (11)

AnabolicAndrogenicAntianemic Martindale's 29thAnticlimacteric 10-20 mg/man/day Martindale's 28thAntihemophilic Martindale's 29thAntihypogonadic 200-600 mg scu implant Martindale's 28thAntiosteoporotic Martindale's 29thAntitumor (Breast) 1,500 mg Martindale's 28thAphrodisiac Martindale's 29thCalcium-Sparing Martindale's 29thCarcinogenic

THIAMIN Fruit -- 4.0 -0.17 *


Activities (31)

Analgesic 1-4 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiLyme 50 mgAntialcoholic 50-100 mg/dayAntialzheimeran 100-3,000mg/day


Antianorectic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,London. 791 pp.

Antibackache 1-4 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntiberiberiAnticankerAnticardiospasmicAnticataractAnticoliticAntidecubiticAntideliriantAntidementiaAntidyspepticAntiencephalopathic Martindale's 29thAntifatigue Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antigastritic Jeffery B. Harborne and H. Baxter, eds. 1983. Phytochemical Dictionary. A Handbook of Bioactive Compounds from Plants. Taylor & Frost,

London. 791 pp.Antihangover 50 mgAntiheartburnAntiherpeticAntimigraineAntimyocarditicAntineuralgic 1-4 g/day Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntineurasthenicAntineuriticAntineuropathic 50 mg Werbach, M. 1993. Healing with Food. Harper Collins, New York, 443 pp.AntipoliomyeliticInsectifuge 75-150mg/man/day

Martindale's 28th

NeuroprotectivePesticide

TRI-O-PUNICYLGLYCEROL Seed -- -- Seeram, N. P., Schulman, R. N., and Heber, D., eds. 2006.Pomegranates - Ancient Roots to Modern Medicine. Taylor & Francis.Boca Raton, FL. 244 pp.

TRITERPENOIDS Flower -- -- Newman, R. A., Lansky, E. P., with Block, M. L. 2007. Pomegranate -The Most Medicinal Fruit. Basic Health Publications, Laguna Beach,CA. 120 pp.

TRYPTAMINE FruitJuice

-- -- *

Activities (4)

Antiamebic Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of the Tropics. Leeuwenberg, A.J.M., ed. Pudoc, Wageningen. 1987.Hypertensive Schultes, R.E. De Plantis Toxicariis e Mundo Novo Tropicale Commentationes XXXVI. Justicia (Acanthaceae) as a Source of an Hallucinogenic Snuff.

Economic Botany 44(1): 61-70, 1990.PesticideVasopressor

URSOLIC-ACID Flower -- -- *

Activities (89)

AnalgesicAntiEBV Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press,

London. 296pp.AntiHIV EC50=2.0 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J. Nat.

Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.AntiHIV IC50=6.5 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J. Nat.

Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.AntiHIV IC85=18 ug/mlAntiHIV 6.7 uMAntiTGF-beta IC50=6-7.5uMAntialzheimeran Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2

Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.Antiarrhythmic


Antiarthritic Planta Medica, 57: A56, 1991.AntibacterialAnticancer Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2

Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.Anticancer (Colon) Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2

Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.Anticarcinomic Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Anticariogenic Leung, A. Y. and Foster, S. 1995. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 649 pp.Anticholestatic 28-100mg/kg orl

Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic AcidIsolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992.

Anticomplement IC1000.1 mM/l gpg




Antidiabetic Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)AntiedemicAntiescherichicAntifibrosarcomicIC80=10 uMAntihepatotoxic 5-20mg/kg ipr


Antihistaminic Tsuruga, T., Chun, Y.-T., Ebizuka, Y., and Sankawa, U. 1991. Biologically Active Constituents of Melaleuca leucadendron: Inhibitors of InducedHistamine Release from Rat Mast Cells. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 39(12): 3276-3278, 1991.

AntihyperlipidemicAntiinflammatory 1/3indomethacinAntiinflammatoryIC24=500 mg/kgAntileishmanic ED50=20uMAntileukemic IC50=2.5-17.8 ug/mlAntilymphomic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press,

London. 296pp.Antimalarial IC50=28-37ug/mlAntimetastatic IC80=10uMAntimutagenic IC57-80=80 mg/kgAntinephritic IC50=6-7.5uMAntiobesity? Internat. J. Oriental Med. 16: 4.Antioxidant IC50=10 uMAntiperoxidant IC35=200ug/ml

Antiplasmodial IC50=28-37 ug/mlAntiproliferativeIC50=15-20 uMAntistaphylococcicAntithromboxaneIC50=50 uMAntitrypanosomicAntitumor Cancer Research, 54: 701, 1994.Antitumor (Breast) 0.5%dietAntitumor (Breast)IC50=15-20 uMAntitumor (Cervix) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Colon)Antitumor (Lung)Antitumor (Ovary) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor (Stomach)IC50=15-20 uMAntitumor (brain) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,

31(1):37-46.Antitumor-Promoter Planta Medica, 57: A56, 1991.Antiulcer Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid

Isolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992.Antiviral IC85=18 ug/mlAromatase-InhibitorBeta-BlockerBeta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor ~100 mg/kgCNS-DepressantCOX-2-InhibitorIC50=130 uM/Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.


CandidicideCardioprotectiveCardiotonicCholeretic 5-20 mg/kg orl Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid

Isolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992.Cyclooxygenase-Inhibitor Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2

Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.Cytotoxic 50 ppmCytotoxic ED50=3.75ug/mlCytotoxic 7.2 uMDiureticElastase-InhibitorIC50=~15 uMHepatoprotective 1-100ug/mlHepatoprotective 10mg/kgHypoglycemic Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989.HypotensiveImmunomodulatorLeucocytogenicLipoxygenase-InhibitorIC50=0.18 mMMMP-9-Inhibitor IC80=10uMOrnithine-Decarboxylase-InhibitorPesticidePiscicide

Potassium-Sparing 3mg/rat

Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.

Protease-InhibitorIC85=18 ug/mlProtisticide Chemical Express, 7: 285, 1992.Quinone-Reductase-Inducer 5 ug/ml

Lee, S. K., Song, Y., Mata-Greenwood, E., Kelloff, G. J., Steele, V. E., Pezzuto, J. M. 1999. Modulation of in vitro Biomarkers of the CarcinogenicProcess by Chemopreventive Agents. Anticancer Res., 19: 35-44.

Sodium-Sparing 3 mg/rat Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 435 pp.TOPO-2-InhibitorTrypanocideVasopressor

URSOLIC-ACID Leaf -- 4500.0 -0.31 *

Activities (89)





Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.AntiarrhythmicAntiarthritic Planta Medica, 57: A56, 1991.AntibacterialAnticancer Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2









Antidiabetic Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)AntiedemicAntiescherichic


AntifibrosarcomicIC80=10 uMAntihepatotoxic 5-20mg/kg ipr




London. 296pp.Antimalarial IC50=28-37ug/mlAntimetastatic IC80=10uM

Antimutagenic IC57-80=80 mg/kgAntinephritic IC50=6-7.5uMAntiobesity? Internat. J. Oriental Med. 16: 4.Antioxidant IC50=10 uMAntiperoxidant IC35=200ug/mlAntiplasmodial IC50=28-37 ug/mlAntiproliferativeIC50=15-20 uMAntistaphylococcicAntithromboxaneIC50=50 uMAntitrypanosomicAntitumor Cancer Research, 54: 701, 1994.Antitumor (Breast) 0.5%dietAntitumor (Breast)IC50=15-20 uMAntitumor (Cervix) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,




Isolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992.Antiviral IC85=18 ug/mlAromatase-InhibitorBeta-BlockerBeta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor ~100 mg/kgCNS-DepressantCOX-2-InhibitorIC50=130 uM/Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CandidicideCardioprotectiveCardiotonicCholeretic 5-20 mg/kg orl Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid


Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.Cytotoxic 50 ppmCytotoxic ED50=3.75ug/mlCytotoxic 7.2 uMDiureticElastase-InhibitorIC50=~15 uMHepatoprotective 1-100ug/mlHepatoprotective 10mg/kg



HypotensiveImmunomodulatorLeucocytogenic

Lipoxygenase-InhibitorIC50=0.18 mMMMP-9-Inhibitor IC80=10uMOrnithine-Decarboxylase-InhibitorPesticidePiscicidePotassium-Sparing 3mg/rat





URSOLIC-ACID Fruit -- -- ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publicationsand Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.

Activities (89)

















AntihyperlipidemicAntiinflammatory 1/3indomethacinAntiinflammatoryIC24=500 mg/kg

Antileishmanic ED50=20uMAntileukemic IC50=2.5-17.8 ug/mlAntilymphomic Newall, C. A., Anderson, L. A. and Phillipson, J. D. 1996. Herbal Medicine - A Guide for Health-care Professionals. The Pharmaceutical Press,

London. 296pp.


Antimalarial IC50=28-37ug/mlAntimetastatic IC80=10uMAntimutagenic IC57-80=80 mg/kgAntinephritic IC50=6-7.5uMAntiobesity? Internat. J. Oriental Med. 16: 4.Antioxidant IC50=10 uMAntiperoxidant IC35=200ug/mlAntiplasmodial IC50=28-37 ug/mlAntiproliferativeIC50=15-20 uMAntistaphylococcicAntithromboxaneIC50=50 uMAntitrypanosomicAntitumor Cancer Research, 54: 701, 1994.Antitumor (Breast) 0.5%dietAntitumor (Breast)IC50=15-20 uMAntitumor (Cervix) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,






Catalyzed Prostaglandin Biosynthesis. J. Nat. Prod., 61(10): 1212-1215.Cytotoxic 50 ppmCytotoxic ED50=3.75ug/mlCytotoxic 7.2 uMDiureticElastase-InhibitorIC50=~15 uM

Hepatoprotective 1-100ug/mlHepatoprotective 10mg/kgHypoglycemic Ivorra, M.D., Paya, M., and Villar, A. 1989. A Review of Natural Products and Plants as Potential Antidiabetic Drugs. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology, 27: 243-275, 1989.HypotensiveImmunomodulatorLeucocytogenicLipoxygenase-InhibitorIC50=0.18 mMMMP-9-Inhibitor IC80=10uMOrnithine-Decarboxylase-InhibitorPesticidePiscicidePotassium-Sparing 3mg/rat






URSOLIC-ACID Pericarp -- 6000.0 Hegnauer, R. 1962-1997. Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen, Bde 1-11.Birkhauser Verlag Basel, Boston, Berlin.

Activities (89)














Antidiabetic Chemical Constituents of Oriental Herbs (3 diff. books)AntiedemicAntiescherichicAntifibrosarcomicIC80=10 uM

Antihepatotoxic 5-20mg/kg ipr




London. 296pp.Antimalarial IC50=28-37ug/mlAntimetastatic IC80=10uMAntimutagenic IC57-80=80 mg/kgAntinephritic IC50=6-7.5uMAntiobesity? Internat. J. Oriental Med. 16: 4.Antioxidant IC50=10 uMAntiperoxidant IC35=200ug/mlAntiplasmodial IC50=28-37 ug/mlAntiproliferativeIC50=15-20 uMAntistaphylococcic


AntithromboxaneIC50=50 uMAntitrypanosomicAntitumor Cancer Research, 54: 701, 1994.Antitumor (Breast) 0.5%dietAntitumor (Breast)IC50=15-20 uMAntitumor (Cervix) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,












URSOLIC-ACID Seed -- -- *

Activities (89)


London. 296pp.


AntiHIV EC50=2.0 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J. Nat.Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.

AntiHIV IC50=6.5 ug/ml Kashiwada, Y., et. al. 1998. Anti-AIDS Agents. 30. Anti-HIV Activity of Oleanolic Acid, Pomolic Acid, and Structurally Related Triterpenoids. J. Nat.Prod., 61 (9): 1090-1095.

AntiHIV IC85=18 ug/mlAntiHIV 6.7 uMAntiTGF-beta IC50=6-7.5uMAntialzheimeran Ringbom, T., Seguar, L., Noreen, Y., Perera, P., Bohlin, L. 1998. Ursolic Acid from Plantago major, a Selective Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenase-2














London. 296pp.Antimalarial IC50=28-37ug/mlAntimetastatic IC80=10uMAntimutagenic IC57-80=80 mg/kgAntinephritic IC50=6-7.5uMAntiobesity? Internat. J. Oriental Med. 16: 4.Antioxidant IC50=10 uMAntiperoxidant IC35=200ug/mlAntiplasmodial IC50=28-37 ug/mlAntiproliferativeIC50=15-20 uMAntistaphylococcicAntithromboxaneIC50=50 uMAntitrypanosomicAntitumor Cancer Research, 54: 701, 1994.Antitumor (Breast) 0.5%dietAntitumor (Breast)IC50=15-20 uMAntitumor (Cervix) Chiang, L. C., Chiang, W., Chang, M. Y., Ng, L. T., Lin, C. C. 2003. Antileukemic activity of selected natural products in Taiwan. Am J Chin Med,



31(1):37-46.Antitumor-Promoter Planta Medica, 57: A56, 1991.


Antiulcer Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic AcidIsolated from Eucalyptus Hybrid. Phytotherapy Research 6: 74-79, 1992.

Antiviral IC85=18 ug/mlAromatase-InhibitorBeta-BlockerBeta-Glucuronidase-Inhibitor ~100 mg/kgCNS-DepressantCOX-2-InhibitorIC50=130 uM/

Cancer-Preventive Stitt, P. A. Why George Should Eat Broccoli. Dougherty Co, Milwaukee, WI, 1990, 399 pp.CandidicideCardioprotectiveCardiotonicCholeretic 5-20 mg/kg orl Shukla, B., Visen, P.K.S., Patnaik, G.K., Tripathi, S.C., Srimal, R.C., Dayal, R., and Dobhal, P.C. Hepatoprotective Activity in the Rat of Ursolic Acid








VALINE Fruit -- -- *

Activities (3)

Antiencephalopathic Martindale's 29thEssentialFLavor FEMA 1,000-2,000 Aloe Research Council - Duke writeup of non-peer reviewd book by Coats and draft by Henry

VIT-B-6 Fruit 1.0 5.0 -0.54 USDA's Ag Handbook 8 and sequelae)

WATER Seed -- 350000.0 0.47 ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publicationsand Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.

WATER Fruit 780000.0 823220.0 0.23 *

WAX Pericarp -- 8000.0 1.0 ANON. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India raw materials. Publicationsand Information Directorate, CSIR, New Delhi. 11 volumes.


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