Linked Open Data in Digital Humanities - Judaica Europeana · Linked Open Data in Digital ... * See...

Linked Open Data in Digital HumanitiesChristian Morbidoni <[email protected]>

thanks to Michele Barbera for the slides :-)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 2.5 Italy

Friday, July 30, 2010

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

MissionNet7

Scientific knowledge

Business dataCultural

Heritage

Make knowledge more usable and accessible by applying

Semantic Web technologies.


From the Cathedral to the Bazar

PhilosophyWe use and promote

Open Source and Free Software

We support Open Access to scientific knowledge and cultural heritage


LocationKnowledge and innovation area

4 Universities & research Institutions:

- Università di Pisa- Scuola Normale Superiore- Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna- CNR

2 Science Parks:

- Polo Tecnologico di Navacchio- Pontech

Consorzio Apice:

- 25 High-Tech SMEs- Turn-around:10 Meur- Operators: 250

~1000 High-Tech SMEs

>7000 knowledge workers

The province of Pisa has ~ 380.000 Inhabitants


2002Riccardo - 28Federico - 27Michele - 23 Alessio - 29 Simone - 27Roan - 28 Armando - 28

History

Founded by 7 people: 3 computer scientists, 1 historian, 2 physicists, 1 film directorLABS: Pisa, Tuscany

Capital: 4k eur


2010now

Investement in (own) Research & Innovation in 2009: 45%LABS in 2010: Pisa, Tuscany - Lecce, Puglia

Michele - 29 Federico - 33 Riccardo - 34 Alessio - 35 Luca - 38 Nicola - 32 Daniel - 32Evelyne - 39

Matteo - 46Enrico - 45 Giovanni - 26 Romeo - 26 Simone - 27

Danilo - 32

Massimiliano - 28Massimiliano - 32 Marco - 33Adrian - 38


Some Clients & Partners

Italy- Tuscany Region- Province of Pisa- Municipality of Milan- Scuola Normale Superiore- University of Pisa- Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna- University of Bologna- University of Bergamo- Cilea- UNICREDIT- Intesa Sanpaolo Spa- Connexia Spa

France- INRIA- CNRS- Université Paris-Nord 13- Maison des Sciences de l'Homme

Poland- Knowledgehives Ltd

Cyprus- Cyprus Institute

Ireland- Trinity College Dublin- Digital Enterprise Research Institute- IBM

UK- Oxford Internet Institute- De Montfort University- In2 Ltd.- King’s college London

Germany- Universität München- Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin

Norway- University of Bergen- AKSIS

Belgium- Id Consulting

Cultural Heritage

Knowledge Management

Document Management

eGovernment


Publishing on the Web is crucial...


fancy Web sites are nice


so are carefully marked-up texts


but


are they really accessible?


peer review and quality of data are important things


except the notion of “quality” changes over time and space and culture and...


My boss allowed me to do it* in my spare time...

* the Web!


Researchers are not any more only in the academia*

* See also recent speeches of EU Commissioner M. Quinn and Europe 2020 strategy


Wikinomics and the Era of Openness: European Innovation at a Crossroads

e-brief published by the Lisbon Council

...the primary difference between the old and new [innovation] system can perhaps best be captured by a single concept of profound ramifications: openness.

This openness stands in stark contrast to the closed innovation systems of the past – systems that produced new products in remote, closed-off laboratories; systems in which intellectual property was never shared but fiercely guarded with the help of patents; systems which were built on incremental, even slow and predictable change. Today, even traditional “brick-and-mortar” industries are opening up their innovation processes, sometimes even sharing their intellectual property and releasing patents. Consumers and users are no longer passive recipients of products that companies produce but are co-creators and valuable sources of intelligence and new ideas. [...]

Europe is already an active contributor and enthusiastic participant in this new, open era of innovation [driven by] the brilliance of collaborative communities [...] In many ways, what we are witnessing is nothing short of the “democratisation” of innovation, empowering millions of people [...] It holds huge potential for citizens, consumers, companies and governments alike, and it must be urgently recognised as a profound and lasting paradigm shift that effects not only the private sector but also society at large.


research is not done anymore only here


researchers are all around us


so


if we want to advance human knowledge (our mission?)


we can’t anymore


keep data hidden in our hard disks


nor


in our fancy websites with TEI-aware, user-adaptive, context-sensitive, whatever

search engines


we must allow


people (and the next generations) to freely re-use, re-think, re-mix the knowledge we encoded into machines


possibly lots of people


Internet users

in Europe:402.380.474 (~50%)

in the world:1.668.870.408

average growth from 2000 to 2009:362.3%


so we can’t hide data because


data is less valuable when it’s isolated


value is in


context


linking


someone understood this and...


in the nineties he built the Web


but it didn’t work like he imagined


it became a Web of Documents meant for Human consumption (only)


machines had no way of understanding


that two documents talk about the same “thing”


semantics is hidden, only humans (and not all of them) can extract it from documents


machines are helpless


unless...


we explicitly say to machines what we are talking about

... and we keep it simple...

... and we use simple, structured language that they can understand.


this is what the Semantic Web (and Linked Data, and the Web of Data) is all about.


DONATELLO FLORENCEis from

BRUNELLESCHI

worked with

made

DAVID

FROM wikipedia


DONATELLO FLORENCEis from

BRUNELLESCHI

worked with

made

is a

Marble StatueMuseo Nazionale del Bargello

is exposed in

DAVID

FROM wikipedia

FROM the museum web site


Linking ?

The Web is great because it is so simple to jump from a web page to the others

With the Semantic Web it should be easy to jump from a database to an other:

Image separated clouds of data that are ready to interoperate with each other ...

as if it was a unique world wide database


Web of Documents vs. Web of Data

Presentation Layer

Data representation layer

Hyperlinks

?

RDF Data RDF Data RDF Data RDF Data

???

semantically defined relations ???

Web Infrastructure


Feb 2008


Giu 2009


Web of Documents

Web of Data

Social Web

Web 1.0

Web 2.0

Web 3.0

Hidden semantics, no access to data

Hidden semantics, partial access to data,1-to-1 Interoperability

Explicit semantics, full access to data, global Interoperability


An important consideration

The Semantic Web is not a magic thing

It doesn’t necessarily mean artificial intelligence

It aims at better structuring knowledge so that:

Independently produced knowledge can be more easily merged

Applications can be smarter in collecting, managing and presenting knowledge


after TBL call for “Raw data now!” on TED in 2009there has been a huge growth of LOD


UK government


Swedish government


Austrian government


BBC


New York Times


Library of Congress


German National Library


Europeana


Municipalities of San Francisco, Toronto, London, Zaragoza


google


Yahoo


Facebook


today we have more than 15 billions triples


what for?


to let other people use our data in new an unanticipated ways


to let them do research, develop applications and mash-ups, play, do business...


just a couple of examples

freebase.com

data.gov.uk

geonames.org+

http://www.where-can-i-live.com/londonproperty

http://www.wheredoesmymoneygo.org/

http://www.we-love-the.net/FreeInfluencer/




http://www.wheredoesmymoneygo.org

http://www.wheredoesmymoneygo.org



the web is becoming a huge distributed global database


we want to be part of it


yes we can!*

* with Muruca


Muruca


Muruca

Semantic WebOpen Source Open Access


MurucaSet of tools (not an out-of-the box product) to build research platforms and digital libraries in the Linked

Data Cloud


Muruca

Led by Net7 with University of Ancona, DERI Galway and other contributors


Muruca‣Talia + SwickyNotes (to be merged soon)

‣IIPImage + IIPImageAnnotator

‣Linked Data recommender & search


SWikyNotes

SemanticAnnotations

Import orrun-time mashup

XHTML

RDF(S)

Navigation based on contextual semantic information

- +

Talia based Web Site

Site Ontology

http://www.example.com/ex1.html

Talia & SWickyNotes

• SwickyNote users add semantic annotations to web pages or to zones of the page• e.g. this phrase (fragment) contradicts that other one; this page mentions a

moecule; this word is a place.• Semantic annotations are published into Talia• Talia uses semantic annotation to enrich the browsing and searching experience of its

users.


Talia & SWickyNotesPuccini Source

Text

http://puccini-soiurce.com/sources/Bio

Semantic enrichment in practice



Text



stable URLhttp://taliaexample.com/puccini/xpointer(id(‘123’))


http://taliaexample.com



Text



stable URLhttp://taliaexample.com/puccini/xpointer(id(‘123’))

Puccini Source

Text



Stable URLhttp://piccini-source/sources/Bio/xpointer(id('123'))

Example:

http://puccini-source.com/sources/Bio#xpointer(id('123'))

http://puccini-source.com/sources/Bio

"This is partially true because...."

comment

part of





Text



RDF/XML

This is partially true because most recente research found ou that Puccini bla bla bla...

Puccini Source

Text



Stable URLhttp://piccini-source/sources/Bio/xpointer(id('123'))

Example:

http://puccini-source.com/sources/Bio#xpointer(id('123'))

http://puccini-source.com/sources/Bio

"This is partially true because...."

comment

part of

?


Image Annotation


target

• digital humanities

• medicine


approach

example.com/mymanuscript/

example.com/shape1

example.com/shape2

example.com/shape3


example.com/shape1

example.com/shape2

onto:belongs_to

onto:belongs_toonto:belongs_to

onto:c

oordin

ates

example.com/svgfile.xml

example.com/mymanuscript/

example.com/shape3

http://example.com/myImageAnnotations.rdf

example.com/shape654/

???

example.com/textFragment39847/

??? ???

another.com/pagex/

example.com/concepts/democracy

???




web

• browser application

• editor and viewer versions

• embeddable and scriptable

• viewer based on OpenZoom

• based on multiple technologies on the server side (see next slides)


links

• link shapes (URIs) to everything (URIs)

• other images

• shapes in other images

• Ascii text

• non TEI xml

• webpages


stand-off

• anchors are stand-off

• coordinates are stand-off

• links are stand-off (instances of ontology properties)

• targets are stand-off (anything has a URI)


base layers

• shapes on server side- gigabyte images

• shape on normal flat images

• shapes on tiled pyramidal GIS maps

• shapes on multispectral pyramidal images


annotation layers

• sublevels

• more shapes on the same level (groups)


Thank you!


Some applications

• Zemanta.

• With a bit of text processing things mentioned in a text can be automatically linked to the blog-sphere, wikipedia and more.


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