Life Span Project

8/3/2019 Life Span Project

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Infants:Birth to One YearGroup 5:

Rosa, Brian and Jacqui


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Psychosocial Development

Crying is the major waybabies communicate stress.

Infants depend on parentsup until year 1 forphysiologic and psychologicneeds.


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Psychosocial Development

Central crisis of this stage according toErikson is trust vs. mistrust.

Parents can enhance sense of trust by: Being sensitive to the infants needs

Responding consistently to an infants needs

Providing a predictable environment in which

routines are established.


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Psychological Development

Examples Of SocialDevelopment In Infancy

Newborn- showsdispleasure by cryingand satisfaction with softvoices.

4 months- Babbles,laugh. More response toverbal play.


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Psychological Development

More Examples Of Social Development InInfancy 6 months- Starts to imitate sounds.

9 months- Complies withsimple verbal commands.Waves bye.

12 months- Demonstrates

emotions and clings tomother in unfamiliarsituations


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Physical Development

A neonates basic task isadjustment to the environment.

Adjusting requires breathing,sleeping, sucking, eating, swallowing, digesting, andeliminating.

Extremely vulnerable

First 3 months of life have been referred to as the fourth

trimester

Ethnicity needs to be considered when determiningwhat is normal.


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Weight

At birth, babies weigh 6 to 8.5 lbs.

Just after birth they lose 10 -15% of weight

because of fluid loss but regain that in abouta week.

By 5 months, infants reach twice their birthweight, and by 12 months, three times theirbirth weight.


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Copyright 2010. www.heightweightchart.org


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Length

Average length of an American newborn inthe USA is about 50 cm or 20 in.

Female babies tend to be smaller than malebabies.

By 6 months, babies gain another 5.5 inchesand by 12 months they add another 3 inches.

The rate of increase is usually determined bynutrition and the size of the baby at birth.


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Head & Chest Circumference

An infants head should bemeasured at every visit to

the primary care provideruntil the child is 2 yearsold.

At about 9-10 months the head and chestcircumference are about the same and at 1year the chest circumference is larger.


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Normocephaly

Normal headcircumference

At birth is generallyaround 14 inches.

The chestcircumference is

usually an inch lessthan the headcircumference.


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Physical DevelopmentHead Molding

Molding of the head occurs due to fontanels andsutures in the skull.

Heads of newborns are misshapen due to the molding

occurring during vaginal deliveries. Within a week, a newborns head regains symmetry.The larger anterior fontanel can increase in size forseveral months after birth.

Closure of the anterior fontanel occurs between 9-18

months. The posterior fontanel closes between 2 and3 months after birth. Ethnicity needs to be considered when determining

what is normal.


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Physical DevelopmentVision

Newborn can follow large moving objects andcan blink in response to light.

Pupils respond slowly and therefore theycannot focus on close objects


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At 1 month they can focus or gaze on objectsand follow moving ones.

At 2 month they recognize social smiles. At 4 months,

They recognize a parents smile

Has almost complete color vision.


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At 5 months, the infant reaches for objects.

At 6 months the infantcan follow an object inall directions

At 12 months, they can recognize change inlevel such as the edge of a bed.


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Physical DevelopmentSmell and Taste

Smell and taste are functional right after birth.

Prefer sweet tastes


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Physical DevelopmentTouch

Developed at birth.

Has poor regulation ofbody temperature.

Responds positivelywhen touched, held, and

cuddled.


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Reflexes


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Risks: Failure to Thrive,SIDS, SBS


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Apgar Scoring System

Assessment done within 60 seconds of birth

Again 5 minutes after birth

A numeric indicator of physiologic capacitiesto adapt to extrauterine life

Maximum score of 10

Under 7 suggests difficulty Under 4 indicates critical


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Denver Developmental Screening Test

(DDST-II) Standardized to screen children (birth to 6

years)

Estimate the abilities of the child compared toaverage child of same age

Four main areas to assess:

Personal-Social

Fine-Motor adaptive

Language

Gross Motor


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Sex Development

Ability to experience sexual response ispresent before birth

When babies find their fingersand toes, they find theirgenitals

Believed toexperience somepleasure, but notconsidered sexualexperience

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