Lesson 2
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Lessons: IC’s and Gates
Priscilla M. SoteloInstructor, Digital Design Lab
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Inspiration Motivation Lesson Proper Assignment/
Announcement/Reminders
Agenda
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“The only way to do great work is to love what you do,” says Steve Jobs. “If you
haven’t found it yet, keep looking. Don’t
settle.”
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Motivation
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Integrated Circuit
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Small Scale Integrated(SSI) 1-
10 Medium Scale Integrated(MSI)
10-100 Large Scale Integrated(LSI)
100-100,000 Very Large Scale
Integrated(VLSI) >100,000
IC Sizes
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also called "chips", are electronic
circuits where all the components (transistors, diodes, resistors and capacitors) has been manufactured in the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material.
All ICs (chips) are made up of logic gates
These are square pieces of silicon onto which logic gates have been deposited.
Integrated Circuit
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I.C can work on low voltages. They can handle limited amount of power. They are very small in size They are cheap Complex circuitry on a chip may be used to
obtain improved performance characteristics.
Integrated Circuits (IC’s)
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Example of SSI Chip – Logic Gates
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Example of MSI Chip - Multiplexer
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Example of VLSI Chip - CPU
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process signals which
represent true or false Normally the positive supply
voltage +Vs represents true and 0V represents false.
Logic Gates
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Switches in Series
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If several on-off switches are
connected in series they must all be closed (on) to complete the circuit.The diagram shows a simple circuit with two switches connected in series to control a lamp.
Switch S1 AND Switch S2 must be closed to light the lamp.
Switches in Series
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Switches in Parallel
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If several on-off switches are
connected in parallel only one needs to be closed (on) to complete the circuit.The diagram shows a simple circuit with two switches connected in parallel to control a lamp.
Switch S1 OR Switch S2 (or both of them) must be closed to light the lamp.
Switches in Parallel
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The output Q is true if input A AND input B are both true: Q = A AND B An AND gate can have two or more inputs, its output is true if all inputs are true.
AND gate
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The output Q is true if input A OR input B is true (or both of them are true): Q = A OR B An OR gate can have two or more inputs, its output is true if at least one input is true.
OR gate
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The output Q is true when the input A is NOT true, the output is the inverse of the input: Q = NOT A A NOT gate can only have one input. A NOT gate is also called an inverter.
NOT gate (inverter)
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This is an AND gate with the output inverted, as shown by the 'o' on the output. The output is true if input A AND input B are NOT both true: Q = NOT (A AND B) A NAND gate can have two or more inputs, its output is true if NOT all inputs are true.
NAND gate (NAND = Not AND)
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This is an OR gate with the output inverted, as shown by the 'o' on the output. The output Q is true if NOT inputs A OR B are true: Q = NOT (A OR B) A NOR gate can have two or more inputs, its output is true if no inputs are true.
NOR gate (NOR = Not OR)
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The output Q is true if either input A is true OR input B is true, but not when both of them are true:Q = (A AND NOT B) OR (B AND NOT A) This is like an OR gate but excluding both inputs being true. The output is true if inputs A and B are DIFFERENT. EX-OR gates can only have 2 inputs.
EX-OR (EXclusive-OR) gate
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This is an EX-OR gate with the output inverted, as shown by the 'o' on the output. The output Q is true if inputs A and B are the SAME (both true or both false):Q = (A AND B) OR (NOT A AND NOT B) EX-NOR gates can only have 2 inputs.
EX-NOR (EXclusive-NOR) gate
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Summary for all 2-input gates
Inputs Output of each gate
A B AND NAND
OR NOR EX-OR
EX-NOR
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
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is a breakdown of a logic function by listing all possible values the function can attain.
Truth Table
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That’s all for today
Take care!Enjoy your weekend!
Always remember that “God loves you!”
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http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/gates.htm#and
Reference