Unit 2: Settlement

Welcome back!

(Did you do your Christmas work?)

Land use in urban areas

What does ‘land use’ mean?

How is How is land used land used in cities?in cities?

How is land used in urban areas?

Starter: Complete the following table by adding the terms below to the correct columns

Commercial

Industrial Open Space

Entertainment

Residential

Shops Dockyards

BanksFactories

Houses

Flats

Parks

Restaurants

Cinemas

Offices

Key wordsUrban – A built up area (area with lots of buildings), with a high

population, for example a town or city

Land-use – The way in which land is used

Urban land-use – The way land is used in a town or city

• Commercial – eg. shops, offices, banks• Residential – different types of housing (residence)• Entertainment – eg. bowling, cinema, restaurants • Open space – eg. parks, lakes• Industrial – eg. factories, naval dockyards• Services – schools, hospitals, government, etc.

Copy down the definitions

Name the land use shown in the photo

Enquiry Task:

Who was Mr Burgess and what did he have to say about land use in cities?

Use the textbooks to answer the question. Include a diagram.

Geog.GCSE p179(New Key Geog p156 – but be careful of the keywords)

Land-use can be divided into 5 different zones

In some cities, the simple Burgess model like this works….

Outer Suburbs

Inner Suburbs

Inner City/ Twilight

Zone

Industrial Zone

CBD

Urban land-use can be divided into 5 different zones

CBD – Central Business District

Outer Suburbs

Inner Suburbs

Twilight Zone (Inner City)

Industrial Zone

6. Semi-detached

houses with gardens

11. Lots of public transport

links

10. Parks and open spaces

18. Modern out-of -town shopping centres

16. Terraced housing

17. Some garages

9. High-rise flats may now replace some

run-down areas

5. Shops and Offices

13. Tall high density

buildings

1. Leisure and entertainment

facilities

15. Land is cheaper

14. Cheapest housing

19. High-value land

3. Very few driveways

2. Large detached

houses with garages

8. Grew in response to

increased car ownership

12. Oldest

4. Most expensive

houses

20. Industry

7. Newest

Match it up!• Colour code the statements to fit the 5

categories:

- CBD -- Inner City/Twilight Zone -

- Industrial Zone - - Inner Suburbs -- Outer Suburbs -

• Remember to use a key

6. Semi-detached

houses with gardens

11. Lots of public

transport links

10. Parks and open spaces

18. Modern out-of -town

shopping centres

16. Terraced housing

17. Some garages

9. High-rise flats may now replace some

run-down areas

5. Shops and Offices

13. Tall high density

buildings

1. Leisure and entertainment

facilities

15. Land is cheaper

14. Cheapest housing

19. High-value land

3. Very few driveways

2. Large detached

houses with garages

8. Grew in response to

increased car ownership

12. Oldest

4. Most expensive

houses

20. Industry

7. Newest6. Semi-detached

houses with gardens

11. Lots of public

transport links

10. Parks and open spaces

18. Modern out-of -town

shopping centres

16. Terraced housing

17. Some garages

9. High-rise flats may now replace some

run-down areas

5. Shops and Offices

13. Tall high density

buildings

1. Leisure and entertainment

facilities

15. Land is cheaper

14. Cheapest housing

19. High-value land

3. Very few driveways

2. Large detached

houses with garages

8. Grew in response to

increased car ownership

12. Oldest

4. Most expensive

houses

20. Industry

7. Newest

Maps from memory:

• How is land used in Portsmouth?

• Try to draw a sketch of Portsmouth from memory showing the different zones.

What land uses can you identify?

Exam Questions

1. Why are there lots of tall buildings in the CBD? (2marks)

2. Why do businesses want to set up their offices in the CBD? (2marks)

3. Why do you think there are very few driveways in the area surrounding Priory? (1mark)

4. Why do you think driveways become more common as you move away from the city centre? (2marks)

5. If out-of-town shopping centres (like retail parks) increase, what problems might be caused? (3marks)

Homework• Go for a walk around Portsmouth (ooooh, exciting!)

• Take a series of photos to demonstrate different land use that you find

• Try to take photos that prove which urban zones you see, (e.g. a street of terraced housing for inner city)

• You can use your phone or a camera for photos. Then print out as a collage / poster / map with annotations.

• Due:

A4 poster

• Make notes / revision points / sketches to describe what the different land-use zones are like:

- CBD

- Industrial zone

- Inner City (Twilight Zone)

- Inner Suburbs

- Outer Suburbs New Key Geog p158-162,Geog.GCSE p178

Urban land use: Zone 1

• CBD = Central Business District

• The CBD is at the heart of a town or city and usually has great accessibility, large shopping and banking areas, and government buildings

Characteristics of a CBD

Old Core - often narrow streets / historical core (e.g. Old Portsmouth)

-Very Accessible - major rail and road routes (often find public transport stations meet here - e.g. railway stations / bus stations)Entertainment -

restaurants, clubs, etc

Historical buildings (e.g. museums, castles, etc.)

Government buildings (e.g. councils)

•Many have covered shopping centres (e.g. Cascades)

Traffic Restrictions e.g. pedestrian areas (like Commercial Rd)

Land has very high value - due to lack of space and competition for land

Many National Chain stores (attract larger numbers of customers + can afford the high land cost/rent - e.g. M&S; WHS; Topshop

Little/ No Residential because so expensive, maybe some flats above shops

• Banks, building societies, Estate Agents – where they can receive more customers

Zone 2: Inner City

What is the Inner City?The Inner City is the land-use zone around the city centre, it is also known as the twilight zone or zone of transition.

When did the Inner City grow up?Inner city areas grew up in the 19th century as towns increased rapidly due to the Industrial Revolution. This led to the growth of factories and low-cost terraced housing around what is now the city centre.

Characteristics of the Inner City

High density 19th Century housing and manufacturing. Housing is usually

linear, back to back and terraced This area tends to

be run down unless housing has been redeveloped

Land values are lower than those in the CBD. However, they still remain high. Houses are cheaper to buy / rent

Population density in the inner city is very high as houses have been squeezed in.

Crowded areas with little open space

Front doors open straight on to the pavementNo front or back gardens (just a small back yard)

factories providing employment for residents

Social Problems - high crime rates, above average concentrations of low-income citizens

CBD (CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT)

1. Leisure and entertainment facilities

5. Shops and Offices11. Lots of public transport

links12. Oldest

13. Tall high density buildings19. High-value land

INDUSTRIAL ZONE

20. Industry

TWILIGHT ZONE (INNER CITY)

3. Very few driveways9. High-rise flats may now

replace some run-down areas14. Cheapest housing16. Terraced housing

INNER SUBURBS6. Semi-detached houses with

gardens8. Grew in response to

increased car ownership17. Some garages

OUTER SUBURBS

2. Large detached houses with garages

4. Most expensive houses7. Newest

10. Parks and open spaces15. Land is cheaper

18. Modern out-of -town shopping centres

How is land used in urban areas?

Use the Venn Diagram to classify each land-use statement (1-20) into social, economic or cultural

Social

Cultural

Economic

1. & 2. Tall buildings are located in the ………….. because land prices are very …………………………… here and so it is much cheaper to build upwards. Many businesses choose to set up their offices in the CBD because this is generally the most ………………………… part of a city, meaning people can travel here to work easily. Most major shopping chains also choose to locate in the CBD for the same reasons. Also, if shops are in a more accessible area then this is likely to attract more …………………………, which brings in more ……………………...

3. & 4. Priory is surrounded by lots of …………………………… houses which tend not to have driveways. This is partly due to limited ……………………………. in this …………………………….. location. Additionally, inner city housing in Portsmouth, like that surrounding Priory, was originally built a long time ago to house ………………………………………………... At this time very few people owned ……………………….. and residents could walk to work. Therefore there was no need for houses to have driveways. As you move away from the inner city towards the ………………………. the number of driveways …………………………... This is because the suburbs grew in response to an increase in car ownership, meaning people could travel longer ………………………… to work and could therefore live further away. Hence, since the suburbs grew in response to increased car ownership, ………………… houses have driveways as you move ……………………………………… from the city centre.

5. An increase in the number of out-of-town shopping centres may lead to a ………………………. in the number of people travelling to the CBD, resulting in shops in the CBD …………………….. customers and therefore money. If shops are losing money they may reach a point where they can no longer afford to remain …………………, meaning that shops in the CBD may begin to close and therefore the CBD may become run-down and suffer ………………………………. – a process whereby a town or city falls into a state of disrepair, resulting in unemployment, abandonment of shops, etc.

losing; money; suburbs; urban decay; further away; space; dockyard workers; accessible; cars; CBD; terraced; shoppers; expensive; more; open; inner city; distances; increases; decline;

How is land used around Priory School

Which zone does Priory belong to?

How is land used around Priory School

Which zone does Priory belong to?

How has land use changed?

1999

How has land use changed?

Dec 2005

How has land use changed?

2010