Lesson 10 enzymes intro
Transcript of Lesson 10 enzymes intro
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QUICK QUESTIONS
What is the difference between a fibrous and a globular protein?
Why is the structure of a protein related to its function?
What are the tests for reducing sugars, lipids, starch and proteins.
Name the three chemical groups of an amino acid.
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TODAY’S LESSON –ENZYMES – ENZYME ACTION
We need to be able to answer:1. Explain how enzymes speed up chemical reactions.2. Describe how the structure of enzyme molecules
relates to their function.3. Explain the lock and key model of enzyme action.4. Explain the induced-fit model of enzyme action
Language we will be using:1. Catalyst2. Substrate3. Products4. Enzyme substrate complex5. Activation energy6. Active site
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WHAT ARE ENZYMES?
Enzymes are proteins generated by an
organism to speed up a reaction – they
are biological catalysts.
Each enzyme has a specific job, either
breaking or forming bonds of reactants
to form substrates.
Enzymes have an active site where only a
specific reactant can fit.
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WHAT CAN YOU REMEMBER ABOUT ENZYMES?
key factors interactive animation
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Globular structureEnzymes are globular
proteinsThey have a
complex 3
dimensional
Tertiary
shape
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Enzymes
This shape allows them
to match the substrate
Enzyme Substrate
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This is the LOCK and KEY
theory. The enzyme is not used
up and is available for further
reactions.
Lock and Key
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ENZYME ACTION – LOCK AND KEY MODEL
What is the lock and key model?
Why is it a good model?
Why is it a bad model?
Do you think there is anything
wrong with it?
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INDUCED FIT THEORY
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WHY DO CHEMICAL REACTIONS OCCUR?
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WHY DOESN’T DIAMOND CHANGE TO
GRAPHITE?
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WHAT IS A CATALYST?
starch
glucose
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HOW DO ENZYMES LOWER ACTIVATION
ENERGY?
1.Break down reaction – binding to the
active site of an enzyme puts strain on a
molecule meaning less energy is needed
to break the bonds within it
2.Build up reaction – binding of substrates
to the active site brings them close
together and in the correct orientation,
this reduces repulsion between them
and so less energy is needed to form a
bond between them
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PAST PAPER QUESTION
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TODAY’S LESSON –ENZYMES – ENZYME ACTION
We need to be able to answer:1. Explain how enzymes speed up chemical reactions.2. Describe how the structure of enzyme molecules
relates to their function.3. Explain the lock and key model of enzyme action.4. Explain the induced-fit model of enzyme action
Language we will be using:1. Catalyst2. Substrate3. Products4. Enzyme substrate complex5. Activation energy6. Active site
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WHY ARE ENZYMES IMPORTANT?
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SYLLABUS
(a) state that enzymes are globular proteins, with a
specific tertiary structure, which catalyse metabolic
reactions in living organisms;
(b) state that enzyme action may be intracellular or
extracellular;
(c) describe, with the aid of diagrams, the mechanism
of action of enzyme molecules, with reference to
specificity, active site, lock and key hypothesis,
induced-fit hypothesis, enzyme-substrate complex,
enzyme-product complex and lowering of activation
energy;