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Water Pollution Control

Importance of Water(Overview)

Lecture 1

Haroon Rashid

(Lecturer)

Importance

One of the important substance on earth

All animals and plants needs water to survive

If there was no water there would be no life

Uses of water Portable Water

It is most important that the water which peopledrink clean water. This means that the water must befree of germs and chemicals and be clear (not cloudy).

Water that is safe for drinking is called potable water.

Water that is not safe to drink is said to be non-potable.

Water supplies should be routinely checked for germsand chemicals which can pollute water

All the action taken to make sure that drinking water ispotable is called water treatment.

Sources of Fresh Water

Fresh water sources are about 3% on earth

which are available through

1- Surface Water

2- Ground Water

3- Rain Water*

Note:- Rain water can be a part of surface water.

Surface Water

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Surface Water Ground Water

There is often a layer of water lying beneath the ground surface,

trapped by an impervious layer of rock which will not allow it to drain

away. The water may be close to ground level or it may be deep in the

ground. This layer of water is called the water table.

When this water table is close to ground level the water may actually

come to the surface and create a permanent wet area called a soak.

Ground Water

With help of tube wells we can make use of ground

water , water from these types of sources requirespecial treatment

Fresh Water VS Sea Water

- Sea or marine water cannot be used for

domestic purposes or other uses because of

high salt conc.

- Not safe for drinking

Fresh Water

(3%)

Sea Water

(97%)

WHO

guidelines

Suspended

solids

1000mg/L 1000mg/L or

more

5 NTU

T.D.S 1000

MPN/100ml

0 MPN/100ml

Fresh Water VS Sea Water

Ground water mostly required disinfection

only

Sea water requires reverse osmosis and

conventional method for treatment

River water requires conventional method and

disinfection for treatment

Types of Water Bodies

Rivers

Lakes

Oceans

Estuaries

Cities near oceans draws water from rivers

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Water Pollution

(Introduction) It is the introduction into fresh or ocean waters of

chemicals, physical or biological material that

degrades the quality of water and affects the

organisms living in it.

Water pollution is the biggest pollution problem in

the world

Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in

these bodies of water.

Damage is not limited to individual species and

populations, but also to the natural biological

communities.

Water Pollution

Water pollution is the cause of deaths anddiseases of more than 14,000 people daily.

Water is typically referred to as polluted when itis impaired by anthropogenic contaminants andeither does not support a human use, suchas drinking.

Natural phenomena such as volcanoes, algaeblooms, storms, and earthquakes also causemajor changes in water quality and the ecologicalstatus of water.

Major Effects

Hazard to human health

Harmful to living resources

Impairment of water quality with respect to

its use in agriculture and industries

Principle Water Pollutants

Generally water pollutants can be divided into eightcategories.

1- Pathogens: Diseases causing agents

2- Oxygen demanding waste

3- Inorganic Chemicals

4- Inorganic Plant Nutrients*

5- Organic Chemicals

6- Sediments and suspended matter

7- Radioactive substances8- Heat