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LATENCY STAGE/ SCHOOL AGE

Freud: Latency Stage

Erikson: Industry v.s. Inferiority

Piaget: Concrete Operational Stage

Kohlberg: Conventional Stage of MoralDevelopment

Stage 5 (7-9 yo): Good

Boy/ Nice Girl

Stage 6 (9-12 yo): I dont

want to break any rules

BIOLOGICAL MATURATION

Higher cortical function is more

prominent Increased attention and focus

Increased self- regulation (toilet

trained)

Child has discipline (obey elders, sit

still in class)

Improved motor coordination ability

(can now join sports)

PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT

Gross Motor

Better balance and motor

coordination (ride a bicycle w/o

training wheels)

Better bladder control (no more

bedwetting and pooping in shorts)

Fine Motor

Write in script legibly and draw much

better

Can sew or knit

MENTAL DEVELOPMENT

Children now ask WHY and

understand the reason/ explanation

to their question

Can count more than 100

Understand fractionsand metaphors

Cognitive

Concrete Operational Stage

Children can now understand

multiple classification and series

Can now categorize

*this is why children at this stage enjoy

collecting things like insects, leaves, stones

etc

Deductive Reasoning- applying

general to specific situation

E.g. Getting sick after playing in

the rain, so whenever you get wet

from the rain youll get sick.

Good concentration and logical

thinking is now present

Realistic sense of time

Children can now anticipate

problems, situations as a

consequence to their action.

Mutual Perspective Thinking- can

see both sides of an argument

Reversibilty of Process

E.g. water ice waterFriendship fight friendship (if

you ask for forgiveness of course)

Conservation of Area- same area is

occupied

Conservation of Volume:

Conservation of Mass- clay molded

to a long snake vs same clay molded

into ball

Conservation of Length- equal

length, different presentation

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Separation of aggressive and sexual

impulse (Freud) Children are at their best behavior

and best performance academically

Focus all energy to studying/ extra-

curricular activities

Industry vs Inferiority (Erikson)Industry

Pleasure of work

Completion of work by spending

attention and perseveringdiligence

Having fun while learning even

when mistakes were committed

Learning from mistakes of others

Inferiority

No self- esteem

If a child has low self-esteem

and always feels bad about

himself, he/she may regress andrefuse to go to school.

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May become aggressive

May bully other children

May become depressed*most bully suffer from low self-esteem and

depression.

If Ind vs Inf is resolved properly, childwill develop confidence and

motivation.

How do parents help child gain

confidence?

Good attitude = appreciation

Bad attitude = encourage to do

better

Better self-regulation and control of

emotions

Empathize with other people

Increased sensitivity to emotion of

others

Recognize conflicting feelings

Relate actions to personality and

feelings

More independent and more

dependable

Can now do household chores

SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

Understand multiple roles (as

daughter, as sibling, as student etc.)

Children will now have a bestfriend

of the same sex

Same sex crushes (not really gay

because this could be somebody

they admire and copy)

Form club or organization with

initiation rite & rituals (clique)

May assume leadership roles in their

cliques

Develop hobbies

Enjoy and organize games (street

games)

Enjoy toilet humor (common subjects

are kulangot, utot, ihi and many

more)

Focus on physical appearance Gets conscious when teased by

others (mostly girls)

Boys are very insensitive at this

stage

MORAL DEVELOPMENT

Good Boy/ Nice Girl (Stage 5)

Soldier in the War Personality-follow

what authority figure orders whether

right or wrong

Absolute Authority- no arguing or

disobeying of the authority figure

Follow rule to gain adult approval

I Dont Want To Break Any Rule

(Substage 6)

Wider sense of right and wrong

Will not just obey but will assess if

its right or wrong

School rules are more important than

house rules because more people

follow it Internalization of dos and donts

(rules are imbibed and observed

even without the parents)

Identify self with super heroes

Can now recognize parents

hypocrisy

Understand that intention of action is

important (action is worse if it comes

from a bad intention)

E.g. Accidentally breaking 100

plates and breaking a plate on

purpose

Children now have sense of fairness

and justice

More considerate of the needs and

concern of other people

ISSUES IN LATENCY STAGE

Sexual development Difference in brain morphology

Correlation with social development

is not yet established (culture-

bound)

Boys become more physically

aggressive because of testosterone

Girls respond to expectation and

opinions more than boys

Dreams

1 yo- perceived as true

3 yo- shared by more than 1

person

4 yo- animals/ person (protect of

destroy

- Nightmares

5 yo- perceived as unreal

6 yo- Castration Anxiety

7 yo- create own dream

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*at age 3, 6 and 7 nightmares are

normal

PARENTING

Provide opportunities for learning

and new experiences Provide activities for channeling

aggressive and sexual behavior

Encourage hobbies and develop

skills

Explore other talents and skills

Simple choices and decision making

should be given to the kids

Encourage them to try out new

things

Consider the childs opinion (what to

wear, what shoes to buy)

Be truthful and realistic in explaining

things

Parents should be the best example

to their children

Start discussing about physical

changes and sexuality

FILIPINO ISSUES

Very output oriented (Scholastic

grades are everything. True?)

Over- involved parents

Parents defending own child even if

the child is wrong

Bribery by parents to protect child

*if issues in latency stage are

unresolved, the person may have

Obsessive-Compulsive traits, bedisobedient, be aggressive, may

physically or sexually abuse other

children and may have eating disorders.

~fin~

Grades will not determine your success in

life but your attitude towards life

during failure and success.

-Genuino, 2011