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LATENCY STAGE/ SCHOOL AGE
Freud: Latency Stage
Erikson: Industry v.s. Inferiority
Piaget: Concrete Operational Stage
Kohlberg: Conventional Stage of MoralDevelopment
Stage 5 (7-9 yo): Good
Boy/ Nice Girl
Stage 6 (9-12 yo): I dont
want to break any rules
BIOLOGICAL MATURATION
Higher cortical function is more
prominent Increased attention and focus
Increased self- regulation (toilet
trained)
Child has discipline (obey elders, sit
still in class)
Improved motor coordination ability
(can now join sports)
PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT
Gross Motor
Better balance and motor
coordination (ride a bicycle w/o
training wheels)
Better bladder control (no more
bedwetting and pooping in shorts)
Fine Motor
Write in script legibly and draw much
better
Can sew or knit
MENTAL DEVELOPMENT
Children now ask WHY and
understand the reason/ explanation
to their question
Can count more than 100
Understand fractionsand metaphors
Cognitive
Concrete Operational Stage
Children can now understand
multiple classification and series
Can now categorize
*this is why children at this stage enjoy
collecting things like insects, leaves, stones
etc
Deductive Reasoning- applying
general to specific situation
E.g. Getting sick after playing in
the rain, so whenever you get wet
from the rain youll get sick.
Good concentration and logical
thinking is now present
Realistic sense of time
Children can now anticipate
problems, situations as a
consequence to their action.
Mutual Perspective Thinking- can
see both sides of an argument
Reversibilty of Process
E.g. water ice waterFriendship fight friendship (if
you ask for forgiveness of course)
Conservation of Area- same area is
occupied
Conservation of Volume:
Conservation of Mass- clay molded
to a long snake vs same clay molded
into ball
Conservation of Length- equal
length, different presentation
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Separation of aggressive and sexual
impulse (Freud) Children are at their best behavior
and best performance academically
Focus all energy to studying/ extra-
curricular activities
Industry vs Inferiority (Erikson)Industry
Pleasure of work
Completion of work by spending
attention and perseveringdiligence
Having fun while learning even
when mistakes were committed
Learning from mistakes of others
Inferiority
No self- esteem
If a child has low self-esteem
and always feels bad about
himself, he/she may regress andrefuse to go to school.
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May become aggressive
May bully other children
May become depressed*most bully suffer from low self-esteem and
depression.
If Ind vs Inf is resolved properly, childwill develop confidence and
motivation.
How do parents help child gain
confidence?
Good attitude = appreciation
Bad attitude = encourage to do
better
Better self-regulation and control of
emotions
Empathize with other people
Increased sensitivity to emotion of
others
Recognize conflicting feelings
Relate actions to personality and
feelings
More independent and more
dependable
Can now do household chores
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Understand multiple roles (as
daughter, as sibling, as student etc.)
Children will now have a bestfriend
of the same sex
Same sex crushes (not really gay
because this could be somebody
they admire and copy)
Form club or organization with
initiation rite & rituals (clique)
May assume leadership roles in their
cliques
Develop hobbies
Enjoy and organize games (street
games)
Enjoy toilet humor (common subjects
are kulangot, utot, ihi and many
more)
Focus on physical appearance Gets conscious when teased by
others (mostly girls)
Boys are very insensitive at this
stage
MORAL DEVELOPMENT
Good Boy/ Nice Girl (Stage 5)
Soldier in the War Personality-follow
what authority figure orders whether
right or wrong
Absolute Authority- no arguing or
disobeying of the authority figure
Follow rule to gain adult approval
I Dont Want To Break Any Rule
(Substage 6)
Wider sense of right and wrong
Will not just obey but will assess if
its right or wrong
School rules are more important than
house rules because more people
follow it Internalization of dos and donts
(rules are imbibed and observed
even without the parents)
Identify self with super heroes
Can now recognize parents
hypocrisy
Understand that intention of action is
important (action is worse if it comes
from a bad intention)
E.g. Accidentally breaking 100
plates and breaking a plate on
purpose
Children now have sense of fairness
and justice
More considerate of the needs and
concern of other people
ISSUES IN LATENCY STAGE
Sexual development Difference in brain morphology
Correlation with social development
is not yet established (culture-
bound)
Boys become more physically
aggressive because of testosterone
Girls respond to expectation and
opinions more than boys
Dreams
1 yo- perceived as true
3 yo- shared by more than 1
person
4 yo- animals/ person (protect of
destroy
- Nightmares
5 yo- perceived as unreal
6 yo- Castration Anxiety
7 yo- create own dream
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*at age 3, 6 and 7 nightmares are
normal
PARENTING
Provide opportunities for learning
and new experiences Provide activities for channeling
aggressive and sexual behavior
Encourage hobbies and develop
skills
Explore other talents and skills
Simple choices and decision making
should be given to the kids
Encourage them to try out new
things
Consider the childs opinion (what to
wear, what shoes to buy)
Be truthful and realistic in explaining
things
Parents should be the best example
to their children
Start discussing about physical
changes and sexuality
FILIPINO ISSUES
Very output oriented (Scholastic
grades are everything. True?)
Over- involved parents
Parents defending own child even if
the child is wrong
Bribery by parents to protect child
*if issues in latency stage are
unresolved, the person may have
Obsessive-Compulsive traits, bedisobedient, be aggressive, may
physically or sexually abuse other
children and may have eating disorders.
~fin~
Grades will not determine your success in
life but your attitude towards life
during failure and success.
-Genuino, 2011
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