Beberapa Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kadar KolesterolSome Factors That Influence Cholesterols LevelKevin Anggana Chandra(10201200!Fa"ultas Kedo"teran #niversitas Kristen Krida $acana%a"arta &arat' (KI %a"artaAbstrakLatar Belakang: (e)asa ini' sema"in *an+a" orang +ang menderita ,en+a"it stro"e- .en+a"it stro"edi+a"ini meru,a"an ,en+a"it +ang *erhu*ungan dengan ga+a hidu,' se,erti meng"onsumsi ma"anansia, sa/i (fast food! +ang mengandung "adar lema" tinggi' "e*iasaan mero"o"' minuman *eral"ohol'"er/a *erle*ihan' "urang *erolahraga' dan stress- (ari ,eru*ahan ga+a hidu, ini' di+a"ini *ah)a "adar"olesterol +ang tinggi dalam darah meru,a"an fa"tor ,redis,osisi terhada, stro"e-Tujuan:0em,erolehinformasi fa"tor1fa"tor risi"o+ang*er,engaruhterhada,"adar "olesteroldarah-Metode:%enis,enelitianini meru,a"an,enelitian+angmengguna"analat survei dano*servasi'dengan rancangan cross sectional- Su*/e" ,enelitian adalah ,asien +ang *ersedia untu" mengisi surveidan di,eri"sa "adar "olesterol darahn+a- Hasil Penelitian:Fa"tor risi"o+angsecaramandiri *erhu*ungandengan"adar "olesterol dalamdarah adalah inde"s massa tu*uh (I0T!- Fa"tor risi"o +ang secara mandiri tida" *erhu*ungan dengan"adar "olesterol dalam darah adalah "e*iasaan mero"o"' ting"at stress' dan /enis "elamin-Simpulan: I0T meru,a"an salah satu fa"tor risi"o tinggin+a "adar "olesterol dalam darah-Saran: &agi mas+ara"at agar men/aga ,ola ma"an +ang *ai" dan sesuai dengan "e*utuhan' sehinggaI0T tida" *erle*ih (o*esitas!-Kata kuni: Fa"tor risi"o' ,ening"atan "adar "olesterolAbstractBackground:Nowadays, manypeoplesufferstroke. Strokeisbelievedtobeadiseaserelatedtolifestyle, such as eating fast food that contain high levels of fat, smoking, alcohol, overwork, lack ofexercise, and stressed. Derived fromthese lifestyle changes, it is believed that high levels ofcholesterol in the blood is a predisposing factor for stroke. Objective: Obtain information about the risk factors that affect blood cholesterol levels. Methods: This study is using survey tools and observations, with the crosssectional design. Sub!ectswere patients who were willing to fill out survey and check their blood cholesterol levels. Results: The risk factor which is independently associated with cholesterol levels in the blood is thebody mass index "#$%&. 'isk factors which were not independently associated with cholesterol levelsin the blood are smoking, stress level, and gender. Conclusions: #$% is a risk factor for high blood cholesterol levels. Suggestion: (verybody should maintain a good and appropriate diet, so there are no excess #$%. Keywords: risk factors, elevated levels of cholesterolPendahuluan(e)asa ini' sema"in *an+a" orang +ang menderita ,en+a"it stro"e- .en+a"it stro"edi+a"ini meru,a"an ,en+a"it +ang *erhu*ungan dengan ga+a hidu,' se,erti meng"onsumsima"anansia,sa/i (fast food!+angmengandung"adarlema"tinggi' "e*iasaanmero"o"'minuman *eral"ohol' "er/a *erle*ihan' "urang *erolahraga' dan stress- (ari ,eru*ahan ga+a1hidu, ini' di+a"ini *ah)a "adar "olesterol +ang tinggi dalamdarah meru,a"an fa"tor,redis,osisi terhada, stro"e-Tu/uan diada"ann+a ,enelitian ini adalah untu" mengetahui fa"tor1fa"tor risi"o +ang*er,engaruh terhada, "adar"olesteroldarah'sehinggaselan/utn+a informasi +ang dida,atda,at diguna"an se*agai tinda"an ,encegahan ter/adin+a ,en+a"it stroke-.enulis *erhara,denganadan+a,enelitianini da,at mem*eri"aninformasi ,adamas+ara"attentangfa"tor1fa"torrisi"o+ang*er,engaruhterhada,"adar"olesteroldarah'sertamen+adar"anmas+ara"at ,entingn+a,olahidu,sehat- Selainitu' ,enulis *erhara,,etugas "esehatanda,at mela"u"anu/iscreening' sertatinda"an,romotif dan,reventifterhada, ,en+a"itstroke' "arena ,en+a"itstroke*iasan+a tida" *erge/ala' dan da,atmen+e*a*"an disa*ilitas-Tinjauan PustakaLi,o,rotein meru,a"an "om,le" ma"romole"ular *esar +ang mentrans,or li,idhidrofo*i" (trigliserida'"olesterol'dan vitamin larutlema"! melaluicairan tu*uh (,lasma'cairan interstitial' dan limfe! "e dan dari /aringan- Li,o,rotein terdiri dari inti +ang tersusunatas li,id hidrofo*i" (trigliserida dan ester "olesterol!' +ang di"elilingi oleh li,id hidrofili"(fosfoli,id' "olesterol tida" teresterifi"asi! dan ,rotein +ang *erintera"si dengan cairan tu*uh-Li,o,rotein ,lasma di*agi men/adi 2 golongan *erdasar"an densitas relatifn+a' +aitu"ilomi"ron'verylowdensitylipoprotein(3L(L!'intermediatedensitylipoprotein(I(L!'lowdensitylipoprotein(L(L!' danhighdensity lipoprotein(4(L!- (ensitas li,o,roteinditentu"an oleh /umlah li,id ,er ,arti"el- 4(L meru,a"an li,o,rotein +ang ,aling "ecil dan,adat' sementara"ilomi"rondan3L(Ladalahli,o,rotein,aling*esar dantida",adat-Ke*an+a""an ,lasma trigliserida ditrans,or oleh "ilomi"ron atau 3L(L' dan "e*an+a""an"olesterol ,lasma ditrans,or oleh ester "olesterol dalam L(L dan 4(L- L(L mentrans,or"olesterol "e sel1sel ,erifer untu" sintesis mem*ran dan ,rodu"si hormon' dan "e hati untu",rodu"si asam em,edu- 4(L mem*a)a "em*ali "olesterol dari /aringan ,erifer "e hati untu"die"s"resi- L(L di+a"ini se*agai li,o,rotein aterogeni" ma+or-11526am*ar 1- (ensitas dan (iameter Li,o,rotein14i,er"olesterolemia meru,a"an mening"atn+a "adar "olesterol dan7atau trigliserida-Kolesterol dantrigliserida ditrans,or dalamalirandarahmem*entu""om,le"s *ersamadengan fosfoli,id dan ,rotein (a,o,rotein! dalam ,arti"el +ang dise*ut li,o,rotein-A,o,rotein *er,eran se*agai mole"ul atau en8im ,em*eri sin+al dan memegang ,eran sangat,entung dalam mengendali"an trans,or li,id- Kadar "olesterol dalam darah di"endali"an oleh"eseim*anganantarauptakedalamdarah' ,rodu"si "olesterol (a"tivitas /alur *iosintesis"olesterol!' dan e"s"resi dari saluran ,encernaan (asam em,edu!-'24i,er"olestrolemia di*eda"an men/adi hi,er"olestrolemia ,oligeni" danhi,er"olestrolemia familial- 4i,er"olestrolemia ,oligeni" meru,a"an ,en+e*a* tersering,ening"atan "onsentrasi "olesterol serum- 4i,er"olesterolemia ,oligeni" *iasan+a ditemu"an,adascreeningrutindantida"menim*ul"ange/ala- 4i,er"olesterolemia,oligeni"le*ihseringter/adi ,adaindividu+angmemili"i ri)a+at "eluargadenganhi,er"olesterolemia'namun fa"tor ga+a hidu, /uga /elas *er,eran-2'24i,er"olestrolemiafamilial adalah"elainanautosomdominan+angmen+e*a*"an"enai"an tinggi total "olesterol dan L(L- 4i,er"olestrolemia familial da,at *er*entu"homo8igot dan hetero8igot- &entu" homo8igot le*ih *erat dari,ada *entu" hetero8igot-4i,er"olesterolemia familial *erhu*ungan dengan risi"o tinggi ter/adin+a ,rematuritas arteri"oronaria-2'93Ta*el 1- Kadar Kolesterol dalam (arah:!iharapkan "isiko Batas "isiko TinggiKolesterol Total #mg$dl% ; 200 200 1 25< = 20Kolesterol L!L #mg$dl% ; 150 150 1 12< = 190Kolesterol H!L #mg$dl% = 20 52 1 < ; 52"asio L!L$H!L > 1'5Trigliserida #T&' mg$dl% > 220 (,uasa! diangga, se*agai risi"o "emung"inan#ntu""e,entingan"linis' ,enggolonganL(Ldi*agi le*ihlan/ut men/adi o,timal(;100 mg7dl!' mende"ati o,timal (100112< mg7dl!' *atas tinggi (150112< mg7dl!' tinggi (19011?< mg7dl!' dan sangat tinggi (>10'02!' +ang dida,at"an dari u/i Fisher- (iguna"an u/i Fisher "arena data+angdiu/i adalah"ategori"al dengan"ategori"al' danada22Adata+angmemili"i nilaiexpected "urang dari 2' sehingga tida" memung"in"an mengguna"an u/i Chi1sHuare-Ting"atstresstida"memili"i hu*ungan+ang*erma"nadengan"adar "olesterol'dengan ,G1'000 (,>0'02!' +ang dida,at"an dari u/i Fisher- (iguna"an u/i Fisher "arena data+angdiu/i adalah"ategori"al dengan"ategori"al' danada20Adata+angmemili"i nilaiexpected "urang dari 2' sehingga tida" memung"in"an mengguna"an u/i Chi1sHuare-Pembahasan.engu/ianI0T terhada,"adar"olesterol memili"i ting"at *ias+angtinggi "arenaterda,at 20A data +ang memili"i nilaiexpected "urang dari 2- Ada "emung"inan "e/adian,ening"atan "adar "olesterol dalamdarah /i"a *e*era,a fa"tor risi"o tim*ul secara*ersamaan ,ada satu individu- &e*era,a o*at (se,erti ,rogestin' steroid' dan glu"o"orti"oid!dan ,en+a"it (hi,otiroid' dia*etes mellitus' ,en+a"it gin/al' dan ,en+a"it hati! da,at'men+e*a*"anhi,er"olesterolemia- Bamun' untu""e*an+a""an,asien' ga+ahidu,tinggilema" merangsang genoti,e tu*uh tertentu +ang menga"i*at"an hi,er"olestrolemia-2': Kesimpulan dan SaranSe*an+a"