Lali Ezugbaia-tsigni 09.03 · poveba specifikuri brunvebi _ mimarTulebiTi da daSore-biTi, megrul...

megrul-lazuris gramatikis sakiTxebi

3

w i n a s i t K v a o b a

winamdebare naSromi Cveni samecniero saqmianobis erTi

mimarTulebis SemaJamebeli Sromaa. masSi warmodgenilia me-

grul-lazuris morfologiuri, morfonologiuri, morfo-

sintaqsuri da semantikuri sistemebis kvleva ori ZiriTadi

gramatikuli kategoriis mixedviT: erTi mxriv, esaa gramati-

kuli ricxvis kategoria, romelic saziaroa saxelebisa da

zmnisaTvis, riTac is universalur kategoriad gvevlineba

da warmoaCens enobriv sistemebSi mimdinare Tanmxvedr pro-

cesebs; meore mxriv, gaanalizebulia piris kategoria, ro-

gorc morfonologiur, aseve funqcionalur doneze. mesame

sakiTxi, rac ara mxolod megrul-lazuris, aramed iberiul-

kavkasiuri enebis ganmasxvavebeli maxasiaTebelia, ergatiuli

konstruqciis problematikaa, romlis kvlevam araerTi sain-

tereso tendencia gamoavlina.

am wignis I nawili _ gramatikuli ricxvis gamoxatvis

sistema _ Cveni sadisertacio Sroma gaxldaT, Tumca amJe-

rad is gadamuSavebuli saxiTaa warmodgenili, kerZod, gavaa-

nalizeT ricxvis kategoria, rogorc metKvelebis nawilTa

translaciis saSualeba morfosintaqsis doneze; piris na-

cvalsaxelTa diqotomiis Teoriuli gaazreba isev emKareba

e. benvenistis zogad debulebas, magram profesor T. uTur-

gaiZiseuli interpretaciiT.

aseve gaTvaliswinebulia Cveni sadisertacio naSromis

recenzentis _ mixeil qurdianis Tvalsazrisi mravlobiT

ricxvSi inkluziuri da eqskluziuri piris nacvalsaxelebis

semantikur kvalifikaciasTan dakavSirebiT.

seriozulad gadamuSavda sintaqsuri nawili. predika-

tul SesitKvebaSi ricxvSi SeTanxmebis sakiTxi ganxilulia

morfosintaqsur doneze calmxrivi da ormxrivi markirebis

l al i e z u g b a i a

4

im midgomiT, romelic warmoadgina prof. T. uTurgaiZem

Tavis bolodroindel naSromebSi. Cven viziarebT debule-

bas, rom ricxvSi SeTanxmeba semantikis doneze maSinac

gvaqvs, roca predikatuli SesitKvebis erT-erTi wevri (sa-

xeli an zmna) mravlobiTis niSniTaa markirebuli: kokokokoCeCeCeCefi fi fi fi

momomomoursursursurs `kacebi modis~ _ winadadebaSi mTqmelisTvis `siaru-

lis~ procesi avtomaturad dakavSirebulia erTze meti su-

bieqtis moqmedebasTan, iseve, rogorc SesitKvebaSi `jirjirjirjir----

xoxoxoxolllloq qˆmoroq qˆmoroq qˆmoroq qˆmorTeTeTeTessss~. ricxvis kategoriis universaluroba ama-

Sic Cans: is logikur-semantikuri kategoria, romlis for-

malizacia niSnavs erTmxrivi markirebidan ormxriv markire-

baze gadasvlas. vfiqrobT, am mimarTulebiT saintereso vi-

Tarebas aCvenebs megrul-lazuri.

wignis II da III nawilebi asaxavs bolo wlebis kvlevas,

rac iTvaliswinebs piris kategoriis sistemur analizs me-

grul-lazurSi. erTi mxriv, vcadeT dagvezustebina piris

kategoriis aGmniSvnel alomorfTa distribucia megrulSi,

meore mxriv, aGvewera piris alomorfTa sistema lazurSi

saerTo suraTis Seqmnis mizniT. gansakuTrebuli KuradGeba

daeTmo piris niSanTa funqciur analizs subieqt-obieqtis

kombinaciebis mixedviT orpirian da sampirian zmnaSi.

piris da ricxvis gramatikul kategorias uSualod

ukavSirdeba ergatiuli konstruqciis sakiTxi, ramdenadac

ergatiuloba megrul-lazurSi formalizebulia rogorc

aqtantis, aseve zmna-Semasmenlis doneze.

kvlevis Sedegebma warmoaCina megrul-lazuris morfo-

nologiuri, morfosintaqsuri da semantikuri sistemebis

saerTo maxasiaTeblebi, aseve gansxvavebuli tendenciebic,

rac gapirobebulia ara mxolod urTierTizolaciiT, ara-

med Sinagani imanenturi kanonzomierebiTac.

vfiqrobT, winamdebare naSromi xels SeuwKobs rogorc

zanuris gramatikuli sistemis Semdgom kvleva-Ziebas, aseve


5

qarTveluri enebis SedarebiTi gramatikis fundamenturi

sakiTxebis damuSavebas.

dasasrul, ar SeiZleba madlierebiT ar movixsenio Cemi

pirveli samecniero xelmZGvaneli, profesori kokokokorrrrneneneneli dali dali dali da----

nenenenelialialialia, romelmac damavala ricxvis kategoriis Seswavla me-

grulSi. universitetSi sadiplomo naSromze muSaobisa da

masTan Sexvedrebis periodi saukeTeso mogonebad darCa Cems

cxovrebaSi. korneli danelias rCeviT, sadisertacio naSro-

mis Temadac ricxvis kategoria SeirCa, amJerad megrul-la-

zurSi.

gansakuTrebuli pativiscemiT minda madloba gadavuxa-

do saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa erovnuli akademiis wevr-ko-

respodents, baton vavavavaja Seja Seja Seja Sengengengengelilililiasasasas, romlis xelmZGvanelo-

biT davasrule sadisertacio naSromi. rac mTavaria, Kovel-

Tvis vgrZnobdi mis mxardayeras samecniero karieris gzaze.

minda madloba gamovucxado arn. Ciqobavas saxelobis

enaTmecnierebis institutis samecniero koleqtivs Tanadgo-

misaTvis; aseve, winamdebare wignis teqnikur redaqtors rurururu----

susususudan padan padan padan papipipipiaSaSaSaSvvvvilsilsilsils, inglisuri versiis mTargmnel-redaqtors

mamamamananananana runa runa runa rusisisisieSeSeSeSvilsvilsvilsvils, wignis Kdis dizainers qeqeqeqeTi roTi roTi roTi rogagagagavasvasvasvas ga-

weuli samsaxurisaTvis.


6

nawili Inawili Inawili Inawili I

ricxvis kategoriis gamoxatvis ricxvis kategoriis gamoxatvis ricxvis kategoriis gamoxatvis ricxvis kategoriis gamoxatvis sistemasistemasistemasistema

S e s a v a l i

ricxvis gramatikuli kategoria Tavisi universaluro-

biT gamoirCeva _ saxelsac moepoveba da zmnasac. amave

dros, misi funqcionireba, erTi mxriv, saxelsa da, meore

mxriv, zmnaSi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavebulia. cnobili enaT-

mecnieri o. iesperseni SeniSnavs: ricxvis kategoria, erTi

SexedviT, Zalian martivi Cans, magram, Tu Grmad davakvirde-

biT, mTeli rigi logikuri da lingvistikuri xasiaTis siZ-

neleTa winaSe aGmovCndebiT [iesperseni 1958, 216].

logikuri TvalsazrisiT, ricxvis kategoria gulis-

xmobs semantikur opozicias: erTi ~ erTze meti. es ukanas-

kneli SeiZleba iKos ori, sami, oTxi da a. S. garda amisa,

arsebobs Jgufi e. w. uTvladi sagnebisa, sadac ricxvis gage-

ba gansxvavebulia Tvlad sagnebSi ricxvis gagebisagan.

gramatikuli TvalsazrisiT, ricxvis kategoria gulis-

xmobs semantikur opozicias mxoloobiTi ~ mravlobiTi,

rac enaTa umravlesobisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. zogierT

enaSi gvaqvs orobiTi da samobiTi ricxvic.

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, o. iesperseni gamoKofs ri-

cxvis warmoebis or sistemas: logikursa (SemecnebiTs) da

gramatikuls (sintaqsurs) [iesperseni 1958, 216]. maT Soris

mimarTeba aseTia:


7

l o g i k . k a t . s i n t a q . k a t .

A . T v l a d i

erTi ........................................

mxoloobiTi

ori ........................................

sami .......................................

... erTze meti .................

...

...

...

orobiTi

samobiTi

mravlobiTi

B . u T v l a d i ............................ mxoloobiTi

specialur literaturaSi ricxvis kategoria miCneulia

enobrivi azrovnebis obieqtTa (saganTa) raodenobriv maxasi-

aTeblad, romelic mxolod arsebiT saxelebsa da piris na-

cvalsaxelebs SeiZleba hqondes. danarCen metKvelebis nawi-

lebs ricxvi sintaqsurad ewarmoebaT [iesperseni 1958, 217;

lel 1990, 583], kerZod, saxelis an nacvalsaxelis ricxvis

formas eTanxmeba zmnis forma _ sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT,

zmna gviCvenebs mocemuli procesis mimarTebas erTi an ram-

denime subieqtisadmi. aseve, zedsarTavi saxelis formac Se-

iZleba gamoxatavdes mimarTebas arsebiTi saxelis ricxvis

formisadmi [axmanova 1966, 516]. orsave SemTxvevaSi gvaqvs

ricxvSi S e T a n x m e b a , rac sintaqsuri kategoriaa da

ara logikuri. amitomac, o. iespersenis azriT, idealur

enaSi arc adiunqtivebs, arc zmnas ar eqneboda mravlobiTi

ricxvis gansakuTrebuli forma [iesperseni 1958, 242].

zmnuri formis mravlobiTis gageba orgvari SeiZleba

iKos: erT SemTxvevaSi is gamoxatavs moqmedebis mravalgzi-

sobas, ramdenJerme Cadenil aqts, romlis gamoxatva sxvadas-

xva enaSi gansxvavebuli saSualebebiT xdeba [iesperseni


8

1958, 244]1; meore SemTxvevaSi mravlobiTobis gageba sakuT-

riv zmnaSi ki ar devs, aramed qvemdebare-subieqtSi, anu:

`isini modian~ gamoxatavs ara imdenad `siaruls~, ramdena-

dac `mosiaruleebs~. esaa gramatikuli movlena, romlis sa-

fuZvelzec gamoiKofa ricxvis morfosintaqsuri kategoria.

zmnis mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoeba gulisxmobs: moqme-

debs erTi, Tu _ erTze meti [SaniZe 1980, 46]. Sesabamisad,

ricxvis kategoriis Kvelaze martivi struqtura binarulia:

urTierTdapirispirebulia mxoloobiTi da mravlobiTi

[lel 1990, 584], magram arsebobs sxva sistemebic, romelSic

CarTulia orobiTi, samobiTi ricxvic, magaliTad, indoev-

ropul da semitur enebSi, Tumca aqac gaqrobis gzazea. es

procesi, mkvlevarTa azriT, civilizaciis Sedegia _ ri-

cxvis gamoxatvis sistemis gamartiveba enobrivi azrovnebis

progresad aris miCneuli [iesperseni 1958, 239]. arsebobs

gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisic: arn. Ciqobavas SexedulebiT,

`safuZvlianad unda miviCnioT im mkvlevarTa azri, romel-

nic fiqroben, rom `orobiTi~ da `samobiTi~ ricxvi garda-

mavali safexuria erTidan mravlisaken~ [Ciqobava 1952, 271].

ufro metic, germaneli mecnieris, v. fon humboldtis az-

riT, orobiTi ricxvi Tavisi bunebiT iTavsebs mravlobiTi

da mxoloobiTi ricxvis gagebas. es ganpirobebulia adamia-

nis msoflxedviT, romlis Tanaxmad samKaro aGiqmeba or da-

pirispirebul elementTa erTobliobad [humboldti 1985,

395-399].

cxadia, ricxvis logikuri, filosofiuri arsi imdenad

SeiZleba gvainteresebdes, ramdenadac is gvyirdeba gramati-

kuli ricxvis saanalizod. Cveni mizania, sistemurad ga-

vaanalizoT ricxvis kategoria saxelebsa da zmnaSi megrul-

lazuris mixedviT.

1 Sdr. x o l m e o b i T i qarTulSi.


9

IIII Ta Ta Ta Tavivivivi

sasasasaxelxelxelxelTa mravTa mravTa mravTa mravlolololobibibibiTi riTi riTi riTi ricxvis warmocxvis warmocxvis warmocxvis warmoeeeebabababa

$ $ $ $ 1111. . . . mravmravmravmravlolololobibibibiTis Tis Tis Tis {----efefefef} su su su sufiqfiqfiqfiqsi da misi da misi da misi da misi alosi alosi alosi alomormormormorfefefefebibibibi

specialur literaturaSi aGniSnulia, rom megrulsa

da lazurSi saxelTa mravlobiTis warmoeba xdeba { ----efefefef} su-

fiqsiT, romelic erTvis saxelis fuZes da gadahKveba mas

Kvela brunvaSi [Ciqobava 1936, 49-50]. zanurSi gatarebulia

saxelis ricxvis warmoebis aglutinaciuri principi: Koveli

brunvis niSani ricxvisgan damoukidebel afiqss warmoadgens

da ricxvis niSnis Semdeg daerTvis saxels.

megrulsa da lazurSi brunvaTa gansxvavebuli raode-

nobaa. megrulSi gamoKofen cxra brunvas [KifSiZe 1914, 68;

Ciqobava 1936, 43], xolo lazurSi _ Svids [mari 1910, 9;

Ciqobava 1936, 43]. qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT, zanurs moe-

poveba specifikuri brunvebi _ mimarTulebiTi da daSore-

biTi, megrul dialeqts damatebiT _ daniSnulebiTi

(lazurs ar gaaCnia); qarTulis brunvaTagan lazurSi ara

gvaqvs viTarebiTi, xolo wodebiTis forma arc megruls

axasiaTebs da arc _ lazurs. brunvaTa rigis Sesaxeb speci-

alur literaturaSi gansxvavebuli Tvalsazrisi arsebobs

[mari 1910, 9; 29; KifSiZe 1914, 68-69; Ciqobava 1936, 43-44;

JanJGava 1999, 7], magram amas amJerad CvenTvis principuli

mniSvneloba ara aqvs. mravlobiT ricxvSi brunvaTa rigi ase

gamoiKureba: m e g r u l i l a z u r i sasasasaxxxx....:::: koC-ef-i koC-ef-e `kacebi~ momomomoTxTxTxTx....:::: koC-en-q | koC-em-q | koC-ef-q koC-ef-e-q mimimimicccc....:::: koC-en-s | koC-em-s | koC-ef-s koC-ef-e-s nanananaTTTT....:::: koC-ef-iS(iºˆ) koC-ef-e-S(i)


10

mimimimimarmarmarmar....:::: koC-ef-iSa | koC-ef-ˆSa koC-ef-e-Sa dadadadaSoSoSoSorrrr....:::: koC-ef-iSe | koC-ef-ˆSe koC-ef-e-Se(n) momomomoqmqmqmqm....:::: koC-ef-iT(i) koC-ef-e-Te(n) dadadadaniSniSniSniS....:::: koC-ef-iSo(T) | koC-ef-ˆSo(T) _ vnevnevnevnebbbb....:::: koC-ef-o _

rogorc megrulSi, aseve lazurSi { ----efefefef} ricxvis niSans

fonologiurad Sepirobebuli alomorfebi gaaCnia. megrul-

Si amgvari alomorfebia ////----enenenen//// da ////----emememem////,,,, romlebic or brunva-

Si _ moTxrobiTsa da micemiTSi gvxvdeba mxolod, danarCen

brunvaSi ////----efefefef//// formanti ucvlelad rCeba. magaliTad,

s a x e l o b i T i : abrag-ef-i (xub. 226,6) àbragebi~,

cir-ef-i (xub. 233,19) `qaliSvilebi~,

sumar-ef-i (xub. 256,8) `stumrebi~,

muricx-ef-i (sam. 51, 39-21) `maKrebi~,

Gvanwk-ef-i (sam. 19,13-8) `Gawvebi~...

n a T e s a o b i T i : amxanag-ef-iS (xub. 186,19) àmxanage-

bis~, mun-ef-iS (xub. 185,11) `maTi~,

raS-ef-iS (xub. 178, 27) `raSebis~,

nger-ef-iS(i) (sam. 75, 52-43) `mgle-

bis~, frinvel-ef-iS(i) (sam. 18, 12-28)

`frinvelebis~...

m o q m e d e b i T i : xil-ef-iT (Kif. 70,8) `xilebiT~, Jayv-

ef-iTˆ (Kif. 85,11) `JayvebiT~...

v i T a r e b i T i : kvat-ef-o (xub. 218,31) ìxvebad~,

ykud-ef-o (Kif. 91,7) `yurylebad~...

mravlobiTobis ////----efefefef//// sufiqsze moTxrobiTi da micemiTi

brunvis niSnebis darTvisas warmoiqmneba fqfqfqfq, , , , fsfsfsfs TanxmovanT-

kompleqsebi, romlebic ìCenen tendencias kanonikur -nq da

-ns kompleqsebad gardaqmnisa, rasac emKareba mravlobiTis

{ -ef} morfemis fonologiurad monacvle [-em] da [-en] vari-

antebi~ [gudava, gamKreliZe, 1981, 212]. rogorc Cans, mo-

TxrobiTsa da micemiTSi marTlac xdeba fqfqfqfq, fsfsfsfs Tanxmovan-


11

Tkompleqsis daZleva [JanJGava 1999, 15], Tumca es procesi

araa absoluturi xasiaTisa, anu ////----enenenen////, , , , ////----emememem//// morfemaTa gver-

diT ////----efefefef//// sufiqsic ixmareba. magaliTad:

m o T x r o b i T i : ----enenenen----:::: Ten-en-q (xub. 146,3) àmaT~, ZGab-en-q

(xub. 119,7) `gogoebma~, dem-en-q (xub.

205,32) `devebma~, CqiCqu-en-q (t. I, 38,

68-27) `bavSvebma~, qaJ-en-q (t. I, 77,

147-17) `qaJebma~, sinJal-en-qˆ (Kif.

94,22) `siZeebma~, vezir-en-qˆ (KifS.

53,35) `vezirebma~... ----emememem----::::

----efefefef----::::

in-em-qˆ (KifS. 96,25) ìmaT~, patin-em-q

(Kif. 42,19) `batonebma~, meZobel-em-q

(Kif. 157,2), `mezoblebma~, naTes-em-q

(Kif. 158,1) `naTesavebma~...

Jimal-ef-q (xub. 194,28) `Zmebma~, squ-

al-ef-q (xub. 238,30) `Svilebma~, Ten-

ef-q (xub. 233, 37) àmaT~, boS-ef-qˆ,

(KifS. 268,13) `biyebma~, in-ef-q

(KifS. 254, 24) ìmaT~, mun-ef-q (sam.

75, 52-14) `TviTon~, Tecalef-q (sam.

30, 20-20) àseTebma~...

m i c e m i T i : ----enenenen:::: Gurel-en-s (xub. 226, 25) `mkvdrebs~,

nadir-en-c (xub. 186, 10) `nadirebs~,

Sxur-en-s (xub. 194, 35) `cxvrebs~,

zarazan-en-s (xub. 206, 4) `zarbaznebs~,

ndGal-en-c (Kif. 80, 25) `dGeebs~... ----emememem::::

ZGab-em-c (xub. 238, 31) `gogoebs~,

Jal-em-cˆ (Kif. 82, 8) `xeebs~, pap-em-c

(Kif. 156, 25) `mGvdlebs~, boS-em-cˆ

(Kif. 84, 29) `biyebs~, ubedur-em-s


12

----efefefef::::

(Kif. 168, 27) ùbedurebs~, xasl-em-s

(t. I, 71, 157-2) `gverdebs~...

aTen-ef-s (xub. 262, 17) àmaT~, cxen-

ef-s (xub. 254,26) `cxenebs~, meSar-ef-s

(Kif. 12, 11) `mgzavrebs~, nosal-ef-s

(Kif. 42,8) `rZlebs~, Tol-ef-c (sam.

19,13-7) `Tvalebs~, vayar-ef-c, ber-

ef-c do pap-ef-cia (sam. 74, 52-12)

`vayrebs, berebs da mGvdlebso~...

i. KifSiZis teqstebis mixedviT senakurSi metia ////----enenenen////

sufiqsis xvedriTi wili Semdegi proporciiT: -ef(12): -en(47):

-em(1), xolo zugdidur-samurzaKanulSi didia ////----emememem//// morfe-

mis xvedriTi wili: -ef(37): -en(20): -em(64). a. lomTaZe Se-

niSnavs, rom `senakur kilokavSi mravlobiTis maCveneblad

mxolod e e e e rCeba. es faqti gansakuTrebiT abaSis raionis me-

tKvelebaSi igrZnoba: Cqim memememezozozozobebebebeleq leq leq leq e gayirebas Zaam memox-

vares `Cemi mezoblebi (`mezoblebma~) am gayirvebis dros Za-

lian damexmarnen~, ‡urzen CiCiCiCiteq teq teq teq qemkaykomes Jas `KurZeni Ci-

tebma Seyames xeze~ [lomTaZe 1987, 145]. msgavsi movlena

dasturdeba lazurSic (ix. gv. 29).

mkvlevarTa mier 60-iani wlebis Semdgom Caweril teq-

stebSi [gudava 1975; samuSia 1990], romelTa umetesoba

zugdidur-samurzaKanul kilokavs ganekuTvneba, SeiniSneba

erTi tendencia _ { ----efefefef} morfema pozicias imKarebs. k. samu-

Sias mier gamoqveKnebul masalaSi faqtobrivad arc gvxvdeba

----emememem-iani an ----enenenen-iani formebi. Cven mier samurzaKanos sof-

lebSi mopovebul teqstebSi ////----efefefef//// sufiqsiani formebia ga-

batonebuli, magaliTad:

TiTiTiTinefq nefq nefq nefq ginaSqves, mara xaTe venarTes TiTiTiTinefsnefsnefsnefs............ ìmaT ga-

atares, magram maSinve ver Cavidnen isini~; vavavavayyyyaaaarefq refq refq refq qaTo-

mirCqines, berZen do‡viliTia `vayrebma gadamibires _ berZe-

ni mokalio~; Taq momp‡unes Cqim JJJJiiiimamamamadidididiefq efq efq efq àq momiKvanes


13

Cemma biZebma~; `...do midarTes tKaSa Te jirxolo JJJJiiiimamamamalefq lefq lefq lefq

`da wavidnen tKisken es orive Zmebi~; inefs inefs inefs inefs breli cqvafa

vako ìmaT bevri qeba ar unda~; JveSo ababababrarararagefsgefsgefsgefs Txilandˆ

sofelˆ `Zvelad abragebs sofeli icavda~; kazak do KaraCiq

gounwKˆ Sara TeTeTeTenefsnefsnefsnefs,,,, muSenda TiTiTiTinefsnefsnefsnefs vakodˆ Cqin kanon...

`kazakma da KaraCaelma gauxsna maT gza, ratom-da maT ar mo-

swondaT (ùndoda~) Cveni kanoni~; odo, amser oko brSvina-

Ti kunkunkunkunTxuTxuTxuTxuefefefefsisisisi `hoda, amaGam unda davustvinoT kuTxeebSi~...

amgvar tendencias Cven qarTvelur enaTa fonotaqtikis

sazogado CvenebiT vxsniT. qarTulSic Cveulebrivia fqfqfqfq, , , , fsfsfsfs

kompleqsebi _ nulovani da mzardi napralovnebis Tanxmo-

vanTmimdevrobebi [uTurgaiZe 1976, 98-105]. Cveni azriT, am

saukunis dasawKisSi, savaraudoa, rom respondentTa umete-

soba ar flobda srulKofilad saliteraturo qarTuls

da maTi metKvelebac ufro `bunebrivi~ iKo. xolo ukanas-

knel xans, saKovelTao ganaTlebis pirobebSi orenovneba (me-

grul-qarTuli) albaT garkveulwilad `zGudavs~ enobriv

Cvevas. amgvari inovacia Cans ----ebebebeb-iani formebi. mag., i. KifSi-

Zis teqstSi forma afafafafxxxxaaaanaknaknaknak----ebebebeb----ssss ____ ena qogˆmuucxades jirxo-

lo afxanakebs (Kif. 5, 5) ès gamoucxades orive amxanagebs~

_ SeiZleba Secdomad CagveTvala, rom ara msgavsi SemTxveve-

bi k. samuSias teqstebSi:

nanananabibibibiJJJJ----ebebebeb----cccc:::: `daikuntarenc nanananabibibibiJJJJebc ebc ebc ebc (sam. 12, 6-8) `da-

gimoklebs nabiJebs~; TaTaTaTavavavavadddd----ebebebeb----ciaciaciacia:::: sqano Jgˆri vaakodˆ... varTi sqani maykoma-

li, didi TaTaTaTavavavavadebdebdebdebciaciaciacia (sam. 74, 52-8, 11)

`SenTvis kargi ar undoda... arc Sens mya-

mels, did Tavadebso~.

Cvens teqstebSic gvaqvs aseTi magaliTebi:

gegegegerrrr----ebebebeb----siasiasiasia:::: hava, aqian JoGoriS melalua mus oxvaru-

dua Tqvan samefo{S} gegegegerebrebrebrebsiasiasiasia......... . . . `haio, aqa-


14

uri ZaGlebis Kefa ras uSvelidao Tqveni

samefos mglebsao~; SoSoSoSobibibibillll----ebebebeb----ssss:::: qˆmurTumˆna SoSoSoSobibibibilebslebslebslebs, , , , gayirebulefs, Te

rxvilˆ kaTaS... `mosulan am daxvretili

xalxis mSoblebi, sawKlebi~... ababababrarararagebsgebsgebsgebs:::: oykomal nokobuena gayirebul ababababrarararagebsgebsgebsgebs......... . . .

`saymeli ndomebiaT gayirvebul abragebs~...

cxadia, Kvela es SemTxveva individualuri movlenaa,

romelsac lazurSic vxvdebiT. s. jGenti `lazuri teqste-

bis~ Sesaval nawilSi wers: `ori mTqmelisagan Caweril teq-

stSi dadasturebulia saxelTa mravlobiTis mawarmoebeli ----

eb eb eb eb sufiqsi ----efefefef-is nacvlad: nnnnJJJJaaaalelelelebe be be be (teq. 105, 24) xeebi;

JJJJuuuumamamamalelelelebebebebeɅɅɅɅsTeri bortiT (teq. 104, 6) ZmebiviT viKaviT; orororor----

ZoZoZoZobebebebe (teq. 103, 32) skamebi; bibibibiyyyyeeeebebebebe (teq. 103, 23) biyebi;

gzagzagzagzalelelelebebebebe (teq. 103, 12) gzebi; henhenhenhenTeTeTeTebebebebe (teq. 103, 24) isini;

oxooxooxooxoeeeebebebebe (teq. 103, 3) saxlebi; odaodaodaodabebebebe (teq. 103, 4) oTaxebi;

kikikikibibibibieeeebebebebeTeTeTeTe xe qogominwKu-�a (teq. 55, 10) kbilebiT xeli ga-

mixsnao. es movlena Cven inCven inCven inCven inddddiiiivivivividudududuaaaalur molur molur molur movlevlevlevlenad minad minad minad migvaCgvaCgvaCgvaC----

nia nia nia nia da amitom misi pirvandel formad miCneva ar iqneboda

swori~ [jGenti 1938, XVI].

megrulsa da lazurSi saxeluri fuZisa da { ----efefefef} mo-

rfemis urTierTgavlenis procesi araerTgvarovania. specia-

lur literaturaSi aGniSnulia, rom megrulSi `fuZis aq-

tiuroba saerTod metia, vinem qarTulSi, magram im zomisa

ar aris, rogorc lazurSi~ [Ciqobava 1936, 59]. kerZod, me-

grulSi mravlobiTobis ----efefefef sufiqsis darTvisas ikveceba

fuZiseuli aaaa, , , , eeee xmovnebi: ae ae ae ae →→→→ e e e e,,,, ee ee ee ee →→→→ eeee,,,, xolo o-ze dabo-

loebul saxelebSi SeiniSneba fonetikuri procesi oe oe oe oe →→→→

ueueueue......... . . . `Kvela aGniSnuli SemTxveva unda ganvixiloT, rogorc

megrulisTvis arabunebrivi xmovanTmimdevrobebis (ae, ee, oe)

daZlevis cda~ [JanJGava 1999, 16]. amgvari varaudi eKrdnoba

Semdeg debulebebs: 1. megruli erTxmovnobisaken miiswraf-


15

vis; 2. megrulisTvis asatania (dasaSvebia) xmovanTa mimdev-

roba, romlis pirveli wevri daxuruli xmovania, meore ki

_ Gia (ia, ua tipisa) [JanJGava 1999, 6].

ramdenad misaGebia es debulebebi lazurisaTvis? er-

Txmovnobisaken swrafva lazursac axasiaTebs, magram proce-

si aq piruku mimdinareobs, anu fuZis daboloeba axdens ga-

vlenas mravlobiTis sufiqsze da ikargeba sufiqsiseuli ----eeee

xmovani. kerZod, aaaa, , , , uuuu, , , , oooo boloxmovniani saxelebi inarCuneben

daboloebas: aaaa)))) ae ae ae ae →→→→ a a a a

Toma `Tma~

_

Toma-fe

(jG. 10, 30) nena `sitKva~ _ nena-fe (jG. 9, 17)

butka `foToli,

butko~

_ butka-fe (jG. 145, 33)

fara `fuli~ _ fara-fe (Ciq. II, 128, 16) forCa `perangi~ _ forCa-fe (Ciq. II, 64, 9)

lira `lira~ _ lira-fe (jG. 21, 27) majura `meore~ _ majua-feq (jG. 98, 31)

bbbb)))) oeoeoeoe →→→→ o o o o orZo `skami~

_

orZo-fe

(Ciq. II, 47)

bozo `gogo~ _ bozo-fe-q (Ciq. II, 53, 23) haSo `ase, aseTi~ _ haSo-fe-Te (jG. 8, 34)

gggg)))) ue ue ue ue →→→→ u u u u katu `kata~

_

katu-fe

(kart. 1972, 16, 3)

mu `ra~ _ mu-fe (Ciq. II, 52, 35) doloqunu

`Casacmeli~

_ doloqunu-fe (jG. 76, 35)

aGsaniSnavia, rom xofur-Cxalur kilokavSi o da u

xmovnebze daboloebul arsebiT saxelebs -efeefeefeefe sufiqsic

daerTvis: mtkomtkomtkomtko----efeefeefeefe `mtkavelebi~, mwkomwkomwkomwko----efeefeefeefe `wKavebi~, Tumca

imave fuZeebs viwur-arqabulsa da aTinurSi -fefefefe daboloeba

gaaCniaT: mtkomtkomtkomtko----fefefefe º mtumtumtumtu----fefefefe, , , , mwkomwkomwkomwko----fefefefe º mwumwumwumwu----fefefefe (kartozia

2005, 87).


16

iiii da eeee-ze daboloebul saxelebSi unda gavarCioT sa-

kuTriv zanuri leqsika, erTi mxriv, da nasesxebi leqsika,

meore mxriv. es ukanaskneli emorCileba saerTo wess, anu

mravlobiTobis sufiqsis darTvisas inarCunebs iiii da eeee dabo-

loebas. magaliTad, dugunJi `meqorwile~ _ dugunJi-fe (Ciq. II, 90, 23)

mamcudale `matKuara~ _ mamcudale-fe (Ciq. II, 50)

dekike `wuTi~ _ dekike-fe (Ciq. II, 50)

konqSi `mezobeli~ _ konqSi-fe-s (Ciq. II, 103, 30)

iiii-ze daboloebuli sakuTriv lazuri saxelebi TiTqmis

ar arsebobs, xolo e-ze daboloebulebis SesatKvisebi me-

grulSi Kvela TanxmovanfuZiania. mag., laz. kuCxe, megr. ku-

Cxi `fexi~; laz. osure, megr. osur-i `qali, coli~; laz. Ci-

lamre, megr. Cilamuri `cremli~... am eeee daboloebas sxvadas-

xva kvalifikacia eZleva specialur literaturaSi: erTi

mxriv, is miCneulia istoriulad saxelobiTi brunvis niS-

nad ara marto lazurSi, megrulSic [mari 1910, 9-10; Ciqo-

bava 1936, 49-53; Tofuria 1954, 450; fenrixi, sarJvelaZe

1990, 111]; meore mxriv, lazuri ----eeee SesaZloa inovacia iKos

da is `gvian gamoKofiliKo saxelTa mravlobiTi ricxvis -

efeº-fe morfemidan~ [klimovi 1962, 38], anu ----eeee daboloeba

mxoloobiTSi unda gadasuliKo mravlobiTis formaTa ana-

logiiT. al. onianis azriT, `am daskvnis marTebulobis maC-

venebeli mniSvnelovani argumenti aris is, rom amgvari -e

regularulad mxolod mravlobiTi ricxvis formaSi das-

turdeba, im formaSi, sadac misi adgilia istoriuladac~

[oniani 1989, 93]2. Tumca daismis kiTxva: maSin mravlobiTSi

saidan gaCnda -eeee? cxadia, rom eeee-ze daboloebuli lazuri

leqsika mravlobiT ricxvs ise iwarmoebs, rogorc Tanxmo-

2 am Tvalsazrisidan gamomdinare, Cven Tavs vikavebT -fe, -efe sufiqsTa

bolokiduri e-s gamoKofisagan. SevniSnavT, rom es sakiTxi diaqroniuli

kvlevis sagania da scildeba Cveni naSromis interesebs.


17

vanfuZianebi, e. i. dairTavs ////----efeefeefeefe//// da ara ////----fefefefe//// sufiqss.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aaaa, , , , eeee, , , , oooo, , , , uuuu, , , , iiii xmovnebze daboloe-

buli saxelebi lazurSi mravlobiT ricxvSi dairTavs ////----fefefefe////

sufiqss, amosavali unda KofiliKo { ----efefefef} morfema. al. oni-

anis azriT, es procesi hgavs qarTulSi xmovnis momdevnod

naTesaobiTi brunvis morfemis fonetikuri cvlilebis im-

gvar faqts, rogoricaa Zv. qarT. oqoqoqoqrorororo-�s(a)º oqoqoqoqrorororo-is(a) _

Tan. qarT. oqoqoqoqrorororo-si. iqve daaskvnis, rom `lazuris ganviTare-

bis romeliGac safexurze saxelTa mravlobiTobis morfemas

unda hqonoda fonologiurad Sepirobebuli ori alomor-

fi: xmovnebis momdevnod _ /-fe/, xolo Tanxmovnebis momdev-

nod _ /-ef/~ [oniani 1989, 92].

rogorc cnobilia, lazurSi, gansakuTrebiT xofursa

da viwur-arqabulSi saxelis bolokiduri rrrr sustdeba da

ikargeba kidec. es movlena TvalsaCinoa mravlobiTis for-

mebSi, sadac sufiqsiseuli -e xmovani fuZiseuli xmovnis

gverdiT aGmoCndeba xolme _ oxori: oxor-efe > oxo-efe.

magaliTad,

oxori `saxli~ _ oxo-efe (kart. 1972, 64, 8)

manZageri `mezobeli~ _ manZage-efe (kart. 1972, 40, 24)

mgeri `mgeli~ _ mge-efe (jG. 99, 10)

Seri `nivTi~ _ Se-efe (kart. 108, 22)

bere `bavSvi~ _ be-efe (kart. 44, 34)

ambari `ambavi~ _ amba-efe (jG. 150, 19)

JoGori `ZaGli~ _ JoGo-efeq (kart. 1972, 66, 38)

mCxuri `cxvari~ _ mCxue-efeq (kart. 1972, 125, 10)

xezmeq�ari `mosamsaxure~ _ xezmeq�a-efes (kart. 1972, 135, 27)

veziri `vaziri~ _ vezi-efes (kart. 1972, 69, 15)

rogorc vxedavT, amgvar SemTxvevebSi fuZis aqtiuro-

ba sustdeba da ----efefefefeeee sufiqsi mKar pozicias inarCunebs.

specialur literaturaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaobis sagania

`dalefi~ tipis saxelTa mravlobiTis formebSi ----llll---- Tan-

xmovnis gaCenisa Tu aGdgenis sakiTxi [mari 1910, 14; KifSiZe


18

1914, 78-79; Ciqobava 1942, 9; gamKreliZe, mayavariani 1965,

149; arabuli 1997, 181], magram aGsaniSnavia, rom es llll Ko-

velTvis ar dasturdeba mosalodnel formebSi. i. KifSiZem

SeniSna, rom megrulSi suasuasuasua º fsuafsuafsuafsua `frTa~ SeiZleba Se-

gvxvdes mravlobiTSi l-s gareSe: susususu----efefefef----iiii (Sdr. susususualalalal----efefefef----iiii),

xolo xexexexe `xeli~ aseTi formiTac _ xexexexe----efefefef----iiii (Sdr. xelxelxelxel----efefefef----

iiii). es tendencia TvalSisacemia lazuris xofur kilokavSi

[Ciqobava 1936, 62]. magaliTad,

JJJJaaaaeeeefe fe fe fe || || || || nnnnJJJJaaaafefefefe:::: `Zelebi~, Sdr. JJJJaaaalelelelefefefefe||||||||nnnnJJJJaaaalelelelefefefefe: : : : qimo-liq daGiSen JJJJaaaaeeeefe fe fe fe qomuGu (Ciq. I, 39, 19) `qmarma tKidan SeSa (`xeebi~) mouta-na~; ... nnnnJJJJaaaaeeeefefefefe, diSqafe hodobGes oxoi-kala (kart. 1968, 150, 16) `xeebi, SeSebi daKares saxlTan~; ... qva do nnnnJJJJaaaafe fe fe fe gega-bGas (KifS. II , 47, 27) `qva da xeebi dacvivdes~.

qvaqvaqvaqvaeeeefefefefe `qvebi~, Sdr. qvaqvaqvaqvalelelelefefefefe: : : : awi-Ti mezareS qvaqvaqvaqvaeeeefe fe fe fe iZiren (Kif. II , 4, 32) `saflavis qvebi axlac Cans~; si myife qvaqvaqvaqvaeeeefe fe fe fe mas-Tolia �ani-Cqimis (kart. 1972, 92, 14) `Sen wvrili qvebi isroleo Cems mxa-res~.

xexexexeeeeefe fe fe fe |||||||| xexexexefefefefe `xelebi~, Sdr. xelxelxelxel----efefefef----eeee: : : : a Cqva doKvi, megotruxas xe xe xe xeeeeefefefefe! ! ! ! (Kif. II, 21, 29) `sxva qeni, mogtKdes xelebi!~; xeSi oqosale-feTe ... xexexexefe fe fe fe iqosamtes (Ciq. II, 65, 6) `xelis gasamSralebeli (tiloTi) xe-lebs iwmendnen~.

momomomoTaTaTaTafefefefe `SviliSvilebi~, Sdr.: momomomoTTTTaaaalelelelefefefefe: : : : mTu-gefeSi momomomoTaTaTaTafefefefekakakakalalalala si†TeSen bei manZa-gee voe-�a (Ciq. I, 75, 15) `Tagvebis Svi-liSvilebTan miminos Svili mezoblad iKoo~; ia karTaliS momomomoTaTaTaTafefefefe ykomasinte-ren (kart. 1972, 84, 34) `imas arwivis bartKebi Seyamen~.

KKKKaaaaeeeefefefefe `totebi~, Sdr.: KKKKaaaalelelelefefefefe: : : : man KKKKaaaaeeeefefefefe ...


19

letaSa qagevonyaf! (Ciq. I, 76, 8) `me totebi miwas mivawvden~.

msvamsvamsvamsvaeeeefe fe fe fe |||||||| msva msva msva msva----fefefefe

`frTebi~, Sdr. msva msva msva msvalelelelefefefefe: : : : msvamsvamsvamsvaeeeefefefefe (º msvafe) muSi nunkus qomoTxu (kart. 1972, 77, 18) `frTebi mis nikaps Seaxo~; gixunafs svas (º svasvasvasvaeeeefesfesfesfes) do baba-muSi-Si �eiSa mindiKonofs (kart. 1972, 101, 23) `daisvams frTebze da mamamisTan wa-iKvans~.

aGsaniSnavia, rom analogiiT llll sonori iseT saxelSic

gaCenila, romelSic ar iKo mosalodneli. aseTia diSdiSdiSdiSqa qa qa qa `Se-

Sa~ arsebiTi saxeli, romelic krebiTobis gamomxatvelia da

iSviaTad Tu ixmareba mravlobiTis formiT, lazurSi ki Se-

gvxvda diSdiSdiSdiSqaqaqaqalelelelefefefefe: : : : diSdiSdiSdiSqaqaqaqalelelelefe fe fe fe (|stolbefe) qodvoconar

(Ciq. II , 115, 31) `SeSebi (boZebi) davKare~; diSdiSdiSdiSqaqaqaqalelelelefefefefeTe Te Te Te

dopkarumT (diSqa biturT Squ do heSo giwvi) (Ciq, II , 114,

15) `SeSebiT davamagrebT (SeSas vitKviT Cven da ise giTxa-

ri)~. amgvari analogiiT megrulSic Segvxvdeba papapapapalpalpalpal----efefefef----i i i i

`mGvdeli~ forma (Sdr. papal-ur-i `mGvdlis naTqvami~,

`mGvdeliviT laparaki~).

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saxelebSi aGdgenili Tu gaCenili

llll sonori lazurSi, rrrr sonoris msgavsad, midrekilia gaqro-

bisaken, ris Sedegad saxeluri fuZe boloxmovnianad aGiqme-

ba da mravlobiTobis niSnad Cndeba ----fefefefe::::

nJal-ef-e → nJaefe → nJafe Sdr. oxor-ef-e → oxoefe

xel-ef-e → xe-efe → xefe mger-efe → mgeefe

dal-ef-e-q→ da-efeq→ dafeq ambar-ef-e → amba-efe

(Ciq. I, 133, 32).

gansxvaveba isaa, rom rrrr fuZian saxelebSi fonetikuri

gardaqmnis meore safexuri ar dasturdeba: *mgefe, *oxofe,

*ambafe, Tumca sazogadod mosalodnelia.

saKuradGeboa g. kartozias SeniSvna, rom JaefeJaefeJaefeJaefe tipis

warmoeba ZiriTadad damaxasiaTebelia xofurisTvis, xolo


20

viwur-arqabulsa da aTinurisTvis _ JafeJafeJafeJafe forma. Tumca es

kilokavuri sxvaoba morfofonematuri cvlilebis dinamika-

sac gviCvenebs megrulTan SepirispirebiT [ezugbaia 2004,

36-38]. kerZod, megrulis zugdidur-samurzaKanoul kilo-

kavSi gvaqvs mxolod JalefiJalefiJalefiJalefi tipis warmoeba, senakur-

martvilurSi JalefiJalefiJalefiJalefi formis gverdiT Tavs iCens Ja�efiJa�efiJa�efiJa�efi

formac, romlis logikuri gagrZelebaa xofur-Cxaluris

viTareba, sadac paralelurad ixmareba JalefeJalefeJalefeJalefe º JaefeJaefeJaefeJaefe

tipis saxelebi, xolo ufro samxreTiT, viwur-arqabulsa da

aTinurSi JalefeJalefeJalefeJalefe-s gverdiT gvaqvs JafeJafeJafeJafe warmoebac. sqema-

turad es ase SeiZleba gamoisaxos:

megr. Jalefi

zugd.-samurz.:

senak.-martvil.:

Jalefi

Jalefi º Ja�efi

laz. Jalefe

xofur.-Cxal.:

viw.-arqab.:

aTinuri:

Jalefe º Jaefe

Jalefe º Jafe

rogorc Cans, xofur-Cxaluri kilo ufro axlos dgas

megrulTan, vidre lazuris danarCen kiloebTan, rac ara-

erTi sxva movleniTac dasturdeba (kartozia 2005, 11-12).

g. kartozias azriT, swored xofur-Cxaluri kilos mo-

nacemebis safuZvelze lazurSi SeiZleba gamoiKos -lelelelefefefefe

alomorfi, romelic arsebiTi saxelebis garda gvxvdeba

zedsarTavebsa da kuTvnilebiT nacvalsaxelebSic. igulis-

xmeba myimyimyimyiTaTaTaTafefefefe º myimyimyimyiTaTaTaTalelelelefefefefe `wiTlebi~, CqiCqiCqiCqimemememefefefefe º CqiCqiCqiCqimimimimilelelelefefefefe

`Cemebi~ tipis warmoeba (kartozia 2004, 89). cxadia, zed-

sarTavTa mcire Jgufze SeiZleba iTqvas, rom -lelelelefefefefe dabo-

loebis llll elementi fuZiseulia. kerZod, myimyimyimyiTaTaTaTa Sdr. qarT.

wiTel-, myimyimyimyifefefefe `wvrili~ Sdr. qarT. wrfel-, gigigigi/ununununZeZeZeZe Sdr.

qarT. grZel- da sxv. (Ciqobava 1938, 232; gamKreliZe, mayava-

riani 1965, 90-97; klimovi 1964, 137; arabuli 1997, 181,


21

kartozia 2005, 88-89). maSasadame, lazurSi, erTi mxriv,

gvaqvs formebi: myimyimyimyiTaTaTaTalelelelefefefefe `wiTlebi~, ginginginginZeZeZeZelelelelefefefefe `grZele-

bi~, myimyimyimyifefefefelelelelefefefefe `wvrilebi~, TiTiTiTiTxuTxuTxuTxulelelelefefefefe `Txelebi~, CiCCiCCiCCiCququququ----

lelelelefefefefe `Cvilebi~, romelTa -lelelelefefefefe-s llll fuZiseulia, xolo me-

ore mxriv, uCauCauCauCalelelelefefefefe `Savebi ~, momomomonkankankankalelelelefefefefe `mZimeebi~, yiyiyiyitatatata----

lelelelefefefefe `patarebi~, kaikaikaikai/lelelelefefefefe `kargebi~, CqiCqiCqiCqimimimimilelelelefefefefe `Cemebi~ da

sxva. formebi, sadac analogiiTaa gaCenili llll da Sesabami-

sad -lelelelefefefefe gamoiKofa rogorc mravlobiTobis alomorfi.

Tumca -llll elements SeiZleba masubstantivebeli funqcia

hqondes.

aGsaniSnavia, rom megrulSi Zireul zedsarTav saxeleb-

Si -lelelelefefefefe sufiqsi mxolod yiyiyiyiyyyyeeeelelelelefifififi `patarebi~ formaSi

dasturdeba. rogorc wesi, megrulSi Cveulebrivia formebi:

yiyiyiyiTeTeTeTefifififi, Sdr. laz. myimyimyimyiTaTaTaTafefefefe; ginginginginZeZeZeZefifififi, Sdr. laz. ginginginginZeZeZeZefefefefe;

yiyiyiyifefefefefifififi, Sdr. laz. myimyimyimyifefefefefefefefe; dididididedededefifififi, Sdr. laz. dididididedededefefefefe;

CqiCqiCqiCqimemememefifififi, Sdr. laz. CqiCqiCqiCqimemememefefefefe da a. S. megruli gamoirCeva at-

ributuli saxelebis sakmaod mravalricxovani da mravalfe-

rovani JgufiT, romelsac pirobiTad `statikuri~ saxelebi

SeiZleba vuwodoT. rogorc wesi, amgvari saxelebi axasiaTe-

ben sagans mdgomareobis an gamometKvelebis mixedviT. igive

fuZeebi Cveulebrivad zmnur formebSic meordeba.

mag.: wkvinwkvinwkvinwkvintatatata º wkvinwkvinwkvinwkvintaltaltaltal-i `cxvirwamomaxuli; patara

pirsaxiani~

o-wkvint-in-an-s `cxvirwamomaxuli iKureba~

ZgviraZgviraZgviraZgvira º ZgviZgviZgviZgviralralralral-i `Kvelaferze ukmaKofilo da ganze

maKurebeli~

o-Zgvir-in-an-s `ukmaKofilo saxiT iKureba~ (qaJ. III, 430)

cqviracqviracqviracqvira º cqviralcqviralcqviralcqviral-i `Kurcqvita; mardi, mousvenari... ~

o-cqvir-in-an-s `cqmutavs~ (qaJ. III, 361)

yvitayvitayvitayvita- º yvitalyvitalyvitalyvital-i `Tvalmtkivana; visac dayutuli

Tvali aqvs~

o-yvit-in-uans `Tvals yutavs~ (qaJ. III, 468)...


22

amgvari formebi uxvadaa o. qaJaias `megrul-qarTul

leqsikonSi~ da Cveulebrivia cocxali metKvelebisTvis.

aGsaniSnavia, rom saxeluri mawarmoebeli alalalal / aaaa varian-

tebiTaa warmodgenili, magram mravlobiTis formebSi Ziri-

Tadad alalalal daboloebiani formebia gamoKenebuli: wkvintawkvintawkvintawkvinta----

lefilefilefilefi, wkviralefiwkviralefiwkviralefiwkviralefi, ZgviralefiZgviralefiZgviralefiZgviralefi, cqviraleficqviraleficqviraleficqviralefi, yvitalefiyvitalefiyvitalefiyvitalefi.

ramdenadac, llll dasturdeba mxoloobiTis formebSic

(wkvintal-i), naklebad savaraudoa, rom am tipis saxelebSi

gamoiKos mravlobiTis -leflefleflef alomorfi.

g. kartozias dakvirvebiT, xofur-CxalurSi erTmarcv-

lian zedsarTavebs -elefeelefeelefeelefe daerTvis: msqvaelefemsqvaelefemsqvaelefemsqvaelefe `la-

mazebi~, mJveelefemJveelefemJveelefemJveelefe `Zvelebi~, xCeelefexCeelefexCeelefexCeelefe `TeTrebi~ (SevniS-

navT, rom mCxuelefemCxuelefemCxuelefemCxuelefe, formaSi mmmmCCCCxuelxuelxuelxuel > mCxumCxumCxumCxu fuZe ga-

moiKofa, Sdr. megr. SxuSxuSxuSxu ∼ SxulSxulSxulSxul----efiefiefiefi, qarT. msxvil-, amde-

nad -elefeelefeelefeelefe-s ver miviCnevT im rigis daboloebad, rogorc

zemoT aGniSnul formebSi _ l. e) [kartozia 2005, 89].

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom lazuris xofur-Cxalur kiloebsa

da nawilobriv dasavlur kiloebSi -lefe / -elefe alomor-

fi SeiZleba ganvixiloT mravlobiTobis morfemis alomor-

fad. megrulSi naklebad gvaqvs -leflefleflef sufiqsis gamoKofis

safuZveli, Tumca yiyelefiyiyelefiyiyelefiyiyelefi forma amgvar daSvebas ar gamo-

ricxavs. kerZod,

megrulSi: {ef} : /-ef/, /-em/, /-en/, /-eb/, [/-lef/],

lazurSi: {ef} : /-efe/, /-fe/, /-eb/, /-lefe/, /-elefe/.

$ $ $ $ 2222. . . . ricxviricxviricxviricxvi, , , , rogorc translaciuri kategoriarogorc translaciuri kategoriarogorc translaciuri kategoriarogorc translaciuri kategoria

ricxvis kategoria moicavs enis morfologiur, sintaq-

sur da semantikur doneebs. Sesabamisad, erTi mxriv, ricxvi

gramatikuli kategoriaa, meore mxriv, is leqsikur katego-

riaTa sferosac ganekuTvneba. aq Semodis ricxviTi saxelebi,

raodenobis aGmniSvneli saxelebi, rogoricaa `bevri~, `mra-


23

vali~ da a. S. amdenad, enaSi raodenobis gamoxatvis orgva-

ri saSualebaa _ gramatikuli da leqsikuri. Tumca specia-

lur literaturaSi sakamaToa maTi gamiJvnis sakiTxi. aGsa-

niSnavia, rom calke kategoriadac aris gamoKofili k r e -

b i T o b i s kategoria, romelic myidrodaa dakavSirebuli,

erTi mxriv, gramatikul ricxvTan, meore mxriv, leqsikuri

ricxvis kategoriasTan [lel 1990, 473]. kidev erTi gza axa-

li leqsikuri erTeulebis warmoqmnisa aris mravlobiTis

formaTa semantikuri gadaazreba. amgvari procesi damaxasia-

Tebelia mTeli rigi enebisTvis. magaliTad, rusulsa da

sxva slavur enebSi e. w. pluralia tantum saxelebi Tavis droze

miGebul iqna mravlobiTi ricxvis gramatikul formaTa

leqsikalizaciis Sedegad, anu arsebul denotatTa xelaxa-

li nominacia moxda [degtiarevi 1982, 68-72].

rogorc a. SaniZe aGniSnavs, qarTulSic mogvepoveba

mravlobiTis imgvari formebi, romlebsac simravlis gageba

dakarguli aqvT (mag.: locvani, daviTni... ) [SaniZe 1980, 78-

80]. gansakuTrebiT es iTqmis geografiul saxelebze. saqar-

TveloSi dasturdeba mTeli rigi toponimebisa, romlebSic

Semonaxulia mravlobiTobis ----evevevev, , , , ----eTeTeTeT sufiqsebi [SaniZe

1981, 438-445; JorbenaZe 1980, 338]. aseve produqtiulia

toponimTa sawarmoeblad ----ebebebeb morfema [JaJaniZe 1976, 110-111].

cnobilia, rom saxelTa mravlobiTis warmoeba morfeme-

bis saSualebiT xdeba, Tumca supletivizmic iCens Tavs. arn.

Ciqobava SeniSnavs, rom `mravlobiTi ricxvia ara Koveli Se-

mTxveva, sadac mraval saganze miTiTeba gvaqvs, aramed mxo-

lod iseTi SemTxveva, rodesac s i m r a vl e a f i q s i T

a r i s g a d m oc e m ul i , _ sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, rode-

sac simravle morfologiuri saSualebebiT aris gamoxatu-

li~... [Ciqobava 1952, 271]. Sesabamisad dgeba mravlobiTobis

aGmniSvnel afiqsTa kvalifikaciis sakiTxi.

a. SaniZe wers: `mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoeba arsebi-


24

Tad warmoqmnas ekuTvnis~... `ricxvs zmnaSi aqvs garkveuli

niSnebi imisa, rom warmoqmnis kategoriad iqnes miCneuli~...

[SaniZe 1980, 47; 166]. bunebrivia, rom mecniers mravlobi-

Tis ----ebebebeb sufiqsic warmosaqmnel afiqsad miaCnia [SaniZe 1980,

108-109]. gansxvavebuli pozicia aqvs arn. Ciqobavas, romel-

mac fleqsiur da warmosaqmnel afiqsTa gverdiT gamoKo e. w.

gardamavali tipis afiqsebi. esenia mravlobiTobis ----ebebebeb, , , , ----TTTT

sufiqsebi: `----ebebebeb---- sufiqsi fuZis sawarmoebeli afiqsia, magram

igi mxolod nawilobriv cvlis fuZis mniSvnelobas da am

mxriv `CamorCeba~ -osanosanosanosan sufiqss; meore mxriv, mas SeuZlia si-

tKvaTa SekavSirebisas cvlilebebi gamoiwvios, da am mxriv is

mogvagonebs damokidebulebis aGmniSvnel afiqsebs... orive es

garemoeba ----ebebebeb---- sufiqss aSorebs mniSvnelobis mcvlel afiq-

sebs da aaxloebs damokidebulebis aGmniSvnel afiqsebTan~

[Ciqobava 1952, 236]. igive iTqmis ----TTTT sufiqsze zmnaSi. mkvle-

vari iqve SeniSnavs, rom `g a r d a m a v a l i t i p i gansaxi-

erebaa im bunebrivi gadasvlisa da Sinagani kavSirisa, rome-

lic morfologiasa, sintaqssa da leqsikologia-semantikas

Soris ivaraudeba~ [Ciqobava 1952, 237].

mesame Tvalsazrisi, gansxvavebiT zemoT naxsenebi Sexe-

dulebebisagan, kategoriulad uarKofs mravlobiTi ricxvi-

sa da misi afiqsebis kavSirs warmoqmnis kategoriasTan: `sa-

xelTa mravlobiTobis ----nnnn da ----ebebebeb sufiqsebi, msgavsad pirTa

mravlobiTobis ----TTTT, , , , ----enenenen sufiqsebisa zmnebSi, leqsikur mniS-

vnelobas ver cvlian formebSi: ... piri da ricxvi saxelisa

da zmnis saziaro fleqsiuri kategoriebia da amitomac

gvaqvs SeTanxmeba winadadebis am or wevrs Soris~ [uTurgai-

Ze 1986, 131].

cxadia, gramatikuli ricxvis kategoriis Seswavla mrav-

lobiTobis warmoebis analizs ukavSirdeba, radganac or

opoziciur erTeuls _ mxoloobiTsa da mravlobiTs _ So-

ris markirebulia mravlobiTi ricxvi, anu mxoloobiTis


25

forma mravlobiTis formas Tavisi uniSnobiT upirispirdeba.

cnobilia, rom zedsarTavi saxeli, ricxviTi saxeli da

maTi ekvivalenti nacvalsaxelebi damoukideblad ricxvis

gamoxatvis unariT `ukve TavianTi sitKvaTa klasis viTare-

bas ki ar gviCveneben, aramed _ arsebiTTa klasisa, rac sin-

taqsuri asimilaciis safuZvelze sitKvaTa klasis Senacvle-

biT aris gamowveuli~ [daviTiani 1973, 52]. amgvari sin-

taqsuri gardaqmna SeiZleba Sefasdes translaciad.

rogorc l. tenieri ganmartavs, `Если слово Pierre является су-

ществительним, а группа de Pierre выполняет функцию прилагатель-ного, то это означает, что предлог de изменил синтаксическую при-роду слова, к которому он присоединен. Существительное он син-таксическим путем превратил в прилагательное. Именно это измене-ние синтаксической природы мы называем транслацией~ [tenieri

1998, 377-378]. xSirad gasubstantivebis procesi e. i.

sitKvaTa erTi klasidan meore klasSi gadasvla, anu

translacia sitKvis semantikur gadawevas iwvevs. sxvagvarad

rom vTqvaT, ricxvis formantis darTviT atributuli sax-

eli niSan-Tvisebaze ki ar miuTiTebs (Tvisebis simravle

bunebaSi ar arsebobs), aramed saganze, romelic am Tvisebis

matarebelia. migvaCnia, rom funqciis amgvari cvla ukve niS-

navs mniSvnelobis cvlas, ramdenadac sagansa da Tvisebas

Soris ver davsvamT tolobis niSans. magaliTad, laz. mmmmJJJJveveveve----

SiSiSiSi,,,, megr. JJJJveveveveSiSiSiSi `Zveli~ atributuli saxelis mravlobiTi

ricxvis forma gamoxatavs rogorc sakuTriv mniSvnelobas

`Zvelebi~ _ mmmmJJJJveveveveSeSeSeSefefefefe||||||||JJJJveveveveSeSeSeSefifififi,,,, aseve mniSvnelobas _ `winap-

rebi~. mag.:

megruli: istoriaT ganagonˆ, JJJJveveveveSeSeSeSefifififiSi Si Si Si dˆnaCina (sam.

71, 48-202) `saistoriod gagonili, winaprebis

(`Zvelebis~) mier dabarebuli~.

lazuri: Cqin JJJJveveveveSeSeSeSefefefefeSe Se Se Se mignafunan-qi... (Kif. II, 4, 20)

`Cveni winaprebisgan (`Zvelebisgan~) gagvigonia~;


26

mmmmJJJJveveveveSeSeSeSefeq feq feq feq zopontes (Kif. II, 12, 23) `winaprebi

(`Zvelebi~) ambobdnen~.

SevniSnavT, rom megrulSi mxoloobiTis for-

mac _ JJJJveSiveSiveSiveSi _ SeiZleba Segvxvdes `winapris~

mniSvnelobiT. vfiqrobT, rom amgvari semantika

Tavdapirvelad mravlobiTis formam SeiZina da

Semdgom gavrcelda mxoloobiTis formazec.

lazurSi gvaqvs didididididididilelelelefefefefe,,,, romelic Tavisi mniSvnelo-

biT badalia megruli ununununCaCaCaCaSiSiSiSi ùfrosi~ da qarTuli uxuuxuuxuuxucececece----

sisisisi sitKvebisa. didididididididi qarTulisa da zanuris saerTo kuTvni-

lebaa [klimovi 1964, 73; fenrixi, sarJvelaZe 1990, 103]. ----

leflefleflefeeee mravlobiTis sufiqsis darTviT sitKvis mniSvneloba

nawilobriv Seicvala da ddddiiiididididilelelelefe fe fe fe damoukidebel leqsi-

kur erTeuls warmoadgens. magaliTebi:

awi xolo-Ti didididididididilelelelefe fe fe fe ar �eris qokuibGes (Kif. II ,

6,1) àxla kidev ufrosebi erT adgilas Segrovdnen~; didididididididi----

lelelelefeqfeqfeqfeq na zopontes, {m}Tiri teren (Kif. II, 12, 26) ùfro-

sebi rom ambobdnen, iseTi Tovli Kofila~; didididididididilelelelefeqfeqfeqfeq kai

dobaxes yita Juma (kart. 1968, 153, 3-9) ùfrosebma kargad

scemes umcrosi Zma~; didididididididilelelelefeqfeqfeqfeq hemus noZices (dium. 57,

IV-31) ùfrosebma imas dascines~...

didididididididilelelelefefefefeɅɅɅɅssss mniSvnelobiT upirispirdeba yyyyiiiitatatatalelelelefefefefe

ùmcrosebi~ Semdeg konteqstSi: yyyyiiiitatatatalelelelefeq difeq difeq difeq dididididilelelelefesfesfesfes

gui va muCqvina unonan (Ciq. I, 73, 25) ùmcrosebma ufrosebs

guli ar unda gadaaKolon~.

yyyyiiiitatatatalelelelefefefefe-s msgavsi warmoeba megrulSic gvxvdeba. um-

crosi asakis bavSvebis aGsaniSnavad ixmareba yiyelefi (Sdr.

laz. yita, megr. yiye `mcire, patara~):

didiSi gimmaJerebel(i) do yyyyiiiiyyyyeeeelelelelefifififiSiSiSiSi marduali! (sam.

84, 61-3) `didTa gamomkvebavo da patarebis gamzrdelo~.

aseve zemoT ganxiluli -lefelefelefelefe / -leflefleflef daboloebiani

zedsarTavi da kuTvnilebiTi saxelebi unda ganvixiloT


27

translaciis SemTxvevad, radgan icvleba maTi gramatikuli

statusi _ arsebiT saxelad gvevlinebian. magaliTad, wina-

dadebaSi `mCxuemCxuemCxuemCxuelelelelefefefefe jin gesqidun, myimyimyimyifefefefelelelelefefefefe Tude gamu-

lun GormaSen~ (Ciq. I, 138, 18) `msxvilebi zeviT darCeba,

wvrilebi qveviT gamova saceridan~ _ mCxumCxumCxumCxueeeelelelelefefefefe da myimyimyimyifefefefe----

lelelelefefefefe morfologiur doneze ra Jgufis arsebiTi saxelia,

sintaqsur doneze _ qvemdebareebi. gasubstantivebis Sede-

gad semantikis gafarToeba xdeba, ramdenadac mCmCmCmCxxxxueueueuelelelelefefefefe _

es araa pirdapiri mniSvnelobiT `msxvilebi~, aramed GeGeGeGerrrr----

GiliGiliGiliGili, anu dafquli simindis didi zomis marcvlebi, xolo

myimyimyimyifefefefelelelelefefefefe aseve araa zustad `wvrilebi~, aramed dafquli

simindis mcire zomis marcvlebi anu myamyamyamyadis fqvidis fqvidis fqvidis fqvilililili.

aGsaniSnavia, rom mCxumCxumCxumCxueeeelelelelefefefefe, myimyimyimyifefefefelelelelefefefefe formebSi ga-

moiKofa mmmm- prefiqsuli elementi iseve, rogorc mJvemJvemJvemJveSiSiSiSi

formaSi. savaraudoa, rom es elementi sulac ar iKos gan-

viTarebuli sonori, aramed sworedac masubstantivebuli m-

prefiqsi imave rigisa, rogoricaa lazurSi mimGeobis mawar-

moebeli m- iseT sitKvebSi, rogoricaa: mmmm----SinSinSinSin----eeee `mxsenebeli~,

memememe----mmmm----JGonJGonJGonJGon----iiii `moZGvari~... sxvaTa Soris, qarTulSic bunebri-

via atributuli da substantiuri saxelebis warmoeba erTi

da imave fuZisgan m- prefiqsis darTva-ardarTviT: wiT-el-i

> m-wiT-ur-i [Ciqobava 1942, 140; 200].

ar gamovricxavT, rom mmmm- prefiqsic iKos masubstantivebeli.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mravlobiTis afiqsi oden fleqsi-

uri elementia arsebiT saxelebSi, xolo zedsarTav, ricx-

viT saxelebsa da kuTvnilebiT, raodenobiT nacvalsaxeleb-

Si matmatmatmatranranranranslislislislirerererebebebebelililili, anu warmomqmneli elementia. { -ef} mo-

rfemis amgvari daniSnuleba kargad gamoCnda lazurSi, sa-

dac ara marto saxelis saxelad translacia xdeba, aramed

zmnizedisa da zmnisa _ saxelad. magaliTad, SqaSqaSqaSqa `Sua, Sua-

Si~ gamoiKeneba rogorc kavSirad, aseve _ zmnizedad. wina-

dadebaSi `yefxe-sTeri mufer drukun sevda Cqimi SqaSqaSqaSqalelelelefefefefe?


28

(KifS. II, 44, 29) `totebiviT rogor irxeva sevda CemSi?~ _

SqaSqaSqaSqalelelelefefefefe formaSi -leleleleffffeeee sufiqsi masubstantivebelia. aseve

sainteresoa dididididodododofefefefe `Zalianebi~ (KifS. II, 43, 33), Sdr. didididi----

dodododo `Zalian~.

----fe fe fe fe lazurSi zmnizedebTanac daCndeba. mag.: hahahahaSoSoSoSofe fe fe fe du-

wu do he bozo igzalu (Ciq. II, 48-1) èseebi~ uTxra da es

qali wavida~. rogorc arn. Ciqobava SeniSnavs, `zustad rom

vTqvaT, h a S o f e ar aris èseebi~. h a S o niSnavs àse~,

àmgvarad~ da am ukanasknelis mravlobiTia haSofe~ [Ciqobava

1936, 65]. xolo, Tavis mxriv, hahahahaSoSoSoSofe fe fe fe formam SeiZleba brun-

vis niSanic dairTos. magaliTad, arqabul teqstebSi dava-

dastureT hahahahaSoSoSoSofefefefeTe Te Te Te _ moqmedebiTi brunvis forma: `hahahahaSoSoSoSo----

fefefefeTe Te Te Te dido gzas ideɅS-qule ar badi qonages (jG. 27, 5) àm-

gvarad (àmgvarebiT~) didi gzis gavlis Semdeg erTi moxuci

SemoxvdaT~; hahahahaSoSoSoSofefefefeTe Te Te Te iri xolo okikaTes do badi-na Jantu,

�eriSa igzales (jG. 27, 9) àmgvarad (àmgvarebiT~) Kvela

mogrovda da moxuci rom iwva, im adgilisken wavidnen~.

-ebebebeb sufiqsis daniSnulebis Sesaxeb zemoT warmodgenili

Tvalsazrisebi realurad ar gamoricxaven erTmaneTs, Tu

ricxvis kategorias ganvixilavT translaciur saSualebad.

translacia, anu gardaqmna erTi metKvelebis nawilisa

meore metKvelebis nawilad, erTi sintaqsuri konstruqcii-

sa _ sxva konstruqciad, SesitKvebis semantikis cvla, anu

enis Semadgeneli nawilebis mudmivi gardaqmnisa da urTier-

TCanacvlebis unari aris is, rac enas aniyebs sicocxlisuna-

rianobas.

ricxvis kategoriis logikur-semantikuri arsidan gamo-

mdinare, lazurSi ----ef ef ef ef morfema zmnis pirian formebTanac

daCndeba xolme. am faqts pirvelad KuradGeba miaqcia arn.

Ciqobavam. Tavis `lazuris gramatikul analizSi~ mas mohKavs

erTi magaliTi _ ha-na giwgiwgiwgiwvivivivi----fe fe fe fe dogaxenen-na, bozo Cqimi me-

qCare (II, 62, 27) `rac rom giTxari, Tu SegiZlia gaakeTo,


29

Cems qals mogcem~ _ da SeniSnavs: `giwvi niSnavs `giTxari

(me Sen)~; g i w v i - f e iqneboda `giTxar-eb-i~, e. i. `naTqva-

mebi~. zmna aq konteqstSi saxelis mniSvnelobas atarebs,

Tumca ordinaruli piriani formaa~ [Ciqobava 1936, 65].

Cvenc araerTi magaliTi davadastureT msgavsi warmoebisa,

rogoricaa: Squ-na mo mo mo mowkewkewkewketestestestes----fefefefe, , , , GormoTi vrosi owkedas

(Kif. II, 74, 2) `Cvens mnaxvelebs GmerTi ukeTesad xedavs~;

sqanden woxle-na idesidesidesides----fefefefe, , , , var moxTu do si ako ordo moT

moxTi? (Kif. II, 11, 15) `Senze adre wasulebi (`wavidnen-

ebi~) ar mosulan da Sen ase adre rogor moxvedi?~ na dosdosdosdos----

qiqiqiqidudududu----fes fes fes fes Joxontes, arTeGis _ lia, majuras _ kosta (Kif.

II, 7, 13) `darCenilebs (`rom darCa-ebs~) erqvaT: erTs _

lia, meores _ kosta~; fara-na var uuuuGGGGuuuunnnnanananan----fesfesfesfes, , , , ficariSi

oxori uGunan (Kif. II, 74, 8) `fulis ar mqoneebs (àr aqvT-

ebs~) xis saxli aqvT~; na momomomoxTesxTesxTesxTes----fe fe fe fe Juma-Tqvani ren-�a (di-

um. 25, 1-193) `mosulebi (`rom movidnen-ebi~) Tqveni Zma

ariso~; haq na testestestes----fe fe fe fe go�SaSes (dium. 102, XIV-28) àq mKof-

ni (`rom iKvnen-ebi~) gaocdnen~ _ Kvela konteqstSi ----fe fe fe fe da-

rTuli zmnis piriani forma saxelis funqciis mqonea: pir-

vel winadadebaSi (agreTve arn. Ciqobavas mier moKvanil ma-

galiTSic) obieqturi piris gamomxatvelia mravlobiT ri-

cxvSi, xolo danarCen SemTxvevaSi _ realuri moqmedi piris

ricxvis aGmniSvnelia. amave dros, dosqidudosqidudosqidudosqidu----fes fes fes fes da giwvigiwvigiwvigiwvi----fe fe fe fe

formebis garda, Kvelgan warmodgenilia S3-is ricxvis ni-

Sani (-an, -es). maSasadame, -fefefefe ver iqneba piris mravlobiTo-

bis gamomxatveli _ ori morfema erTi da imave funqciiT

erT formaSi ar SeiZleba iKos. Cveni azriT, -fefefefe morfemas

erTi daniSnuleba aqvs: zmnis piriani formis gasubstan-

tiveba. aqedan gamomdinare, zmnis pirian formas -fefefefe-s Sem-

deg SeiZleba daerTos brunvis niSani, amis magaliTi daa-

dastura g. kartoziam aTinur kilokavSi: na bigbigbigbigzazazazalilililiTuTuTuTu----fefefefe----

Si Si Si Si (kart. 1970, 1-8) `wasulebis (zed. rom wavediT-eb-is)~.


30

agreTve, zemoTnaxsenebi dosdosdosdosqiduqiduqiduqidu----fefefefe----ssss micemiTi brunvis

niSniTaa gaformebuli. rogorc vxedavT, zmnis piriani forma

axal Sinaarss iZens: zmnis klasidan gadadis saxelis klasSi.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom lazurSi mravlobiTis afiqsi

aris fleqsiuric da warmomqmnelic, upriania, iTqvas, gar-

damqmneli. es araa warmoqmna leqsikur-semantikuri gagebiT,

aramed erTi klasis sitKvis translacia meore klasis

sitKvad. kerZod, arsebiTi saxelisarsebiTi saxelisarsebiTi saxelisarsebiTi saxelis klasSi moeqceva Kvela

danarCeni srulmniSvnelovani metKvelebis nawili.

morfologiis done

zedsarTavi ricxviTi nacvalsaxeli zmnizeda zmna

(piriani forma)

`didebi~ `meoreni~ `Cemebi~ `Zalianebi~ `giTxariebi~

(naTqvamebi)

gansazGvreba gansazGvreba gansazGvreba garemoeba Semasmeneli

sintaqsis done

didilefe

arsebiTi

didofe mjorafe Cqimilefe giwvi-fe

qvemdebare/damateba


31

sqemidan Cans, rom translacia xdeba rogorc morfo-

logiur, aseve sintaqsur doneze, rac TavisTavad semanti-

kur gadawevasac gulisxmobs.

megrulSi, lazurisagan gasxvavebiT, amgvari gardaqmna

SeCerda saxelis doneze iseve, rogorc qarTulSi, Tumca

aSkaraa tendencia upiro zmnis, anu sawKisebis gaformebisa

mravlobiTobis sufiqsiT: werebi, cekvebi, Cxubebi, la-

parakebi... faqtia, rom terminologiaSi gaaqtiurda amgvari

warmoeba. am mimarTulebiT bevri ram aris sakvlevi da

saintereso, rac amJerad scildeba Cvens ZiriTad Temas. Cve-

ni azriT, zogadad translaciis sakiTxi qarTvelur enebSi

sagangebo Seswavlas moiTxovs.

$ $ $ $ 3333. . . . mumumumu---- me me me mesasasasame pme pme pme piiiiris naris naris naris nacvalcvalcvalcvalsasasasaxexexexelis lis lis lis mravmravmravmravlolololobibibibiTis forTis forTis forTis formemememebibibibi

megrulsa da lazurSi iseve, rogorc danarCen qarTve-

lur enebSi, I da II piris nacvalsaxelTa mravlobiTis for-

mebi supleturi warmoebisaa. gamoiTqva varaudi, rom qar-

Tulsa da zanurSi pirisa da kuTvnilebiTi nacvalsaxelebi

pirveli da meore pirisa orsave ricxvSi Seicavs …e ele-

ments, romelic uSualod mosdevs Tavkidur Zireul Tan-

xmovans an TanxmovanTa kompleqss [gamKreliZe 1959, 36-50].

n. mari qarTulis I da II piris nacvalsaxelebSi gamoKofda

mravlobiTobis mawarmoebel ----enenenen da ----emememem sufiqsebs [mari

1925, 87-88], aseve lazuris piris nacvalsaxelebSic nnnn bo-

lokidurs ricxvis sufiqsad Tvlida [mari 1910, 34]. Tumca

specialur literaturaSi gaziarebulia Tvalsazrisi, rom I

da II piris nacvalsaxelTa mravlobiTis formebSi (aseve

mxoloobiTSic) ----nananana daboloeba qarTulSi da

----nnnn zanurSi sadeterminacio elementia [Ciqobava 1936, 73],

romelic Tandebulebsa da zmnisarTebSic gvevlineba qar-

TulSi, da rogorc Cans, istoriulad lokatiuri mniSvne-


32

lobis mqone deiqtur nawilaks warmoadgenda [martirosovi

1964, 86].

amJerad Cveni KuradGebis sagania III piris nacvalsaxeli

mumumumu---- megrulsa da lazurSi, romelic qarTuli man man man man nacvalsa-

xelis SesatKvisia [Ciqobava 1936, 73; CarTolani 1985, 139].

misi mravlobiTi iwarmoeba ----efefefef sufiqsis darTviT, magram

TvalSi sacemia mis win gaCenili elementebi: lazurSi _ TTTT: : : :

mumumumu----TTTT----efefefef----e e e e `maT, TviTon~, megrulSi _ nnnn: : : : mumumumu----nnnn----efefefef----i i i i `maT,

TviTon~. am TanxmovniTi elementebis Sesaxeb specialur li-

teraturaSi gamoiTqva gansxvavebuli mosazrebebi:

a) n. marma Tavis `yanuri (lazuri) enis gramatikaSi~

mu-Te-fe da nam-Te-fe formebSi gamoKo TeTeTeTe da fefefefe elemente-

bi, rogorc mravlobiTobis sufiqsebi. Sesabamisad, amgvari

formebi òrmagi mravlobiTobis~ gamomxatvelad miiCnia [ma-

ri 1910, 35].

b) i. KifSiZem megrulSi mesame piris nacvalsaxelis

brunebis paradigmaSi mxoloobiTi ricxvisTvis mu mu mu mu nacvalsa-

xeluri fuZe gamoKo, magram mravlobiTi ricxvis paradigma-

Si _ mun mun mun mun fuZe (mun-ef-i, mun-ef-q º mun-en-q º mun-em-q... ).

aseve piris nacvalsaxelTa sqemaSic mesame piris nacvalsaxe-

li aseTi saxiTaa warmodgenili: `mu<mun ~он, сам~, munefi

~они, сами~ [KifSiZe 1914, 92-93].

g) arn. Ciqobavam rogorc megrulSi, aseve lazurSi mi-

uTiTa mu mu mu mu nacvalsaxelur fuZeze da aGniSna: `mravlobiTSi

lazuri fuZec ganicdis cvlilebas da megrulic: lazurSi

----TTTT---- daerTvis, megrulSi ----nnnn... ~ es elementebi èrTi da imave

Girebulebis morfologiuri odenoba unda iKos, oGond

sxvadasxva enobrivi fenidan. maTi morfologiuri funqcia

da sadauroba garkvevas sayiroebs~ [Ciqobava 1936, 76-77].

d) monografiaSi `qarTuli da kavkasiuri enebis Tavda-

pirveli buneba da naTesaoba~ iv. JavaxiSvilma nacvalsaxel-

Ta analizisas gamoTqva varaudi, rom megruli CvenebiTi na-


33

cvalsaxeli TiTiTiTina na na na Tavdapirvelad ukuqceviTi unda KofiliKo

da misi kvali unda Candes meg. mumumumunenenenefifififi da laz. mumumumuTeTeTeTefefefefe

formebSi [JavaxiSvili 1938, 442].

zanuris saanalizo masalaze dakvirvebam gviCvena, rom

mumumumu||||||||muqmuqmuqmuq, , , , mumumumunenenenefifififi||||||||mumumumuTeTeTeTefefefefe nacvalsaxelebi iSviaTad ixmareba.

gansakuTrebiT es iTqmis megrulze, sadac CvenebiTma nacval-

saxelma TiTqmis gamoaZeva igi da Tavad ikisra III piris ga-

moxatva. SeiZleba am faqtormac SeuwKo xeli mu mu mu mu nacvalsaxe-

lis mniSvnelobis daviwroebas da ukuqceviTobis semantikiT

Semofargvlas. i. KifSiZe SeniSnavs, rom ukuqceviTi nacval-

saxelis funqciiT megrulSi ixmareba dududududi di di di `Tavi, TviTon~

forma [KifSiZe 1914, 98]. mag.: ho�, Cqim Jaga, Cqimi Cela,

dududududi di di di mafu ongarali (t. I, 294, 13) `hoi, Cemo Jaga, Cemo Ce-

la, Tavi maqvs dasatiri~; iSa vagisxununano, dududududi di di di vadiGo-

raTini? (t. I, 292, 19) ìmas ar girCevniaT, Tavi ar moitKu-

oT?~ muS dus dus dus dus koCi Golansˆni, ina nters vaGolenia (KifS.

98) `Tavis Tavs kaci rom damarTebs, imas mteri ar uzam-

so~...

mu mu mu mu `man~ nacvalsaxelisaTvis ukuqceviTobis semantikis

meoreulobaze isic metKvelebs, rom Tanamedrove megrul

zepirsitKvierebaSi arcTu iSviaTad ixmareba qarTulidan

Sesuli TviTviTviTviTon Ton Ton Ton ukuqceviTi nacvalsaxeli ùmTavresad pir-

veli piris nacvalsaxelis msazGvrelad~ [martirosovi 1964,

222]. mag.: ma ma ma ma ga‡unuq TviTviTviTviTon Ton Ton Ton (xub. 10, 36) `me gamogKvebi

TviTon~; muq Tvimuq Tvimuq Tvimuq TviTon Ton Ton Ton TaS zoJu... `man Tavad ase brZana~...

aGsaniSnavia, rom megrulsa da lazurSi mu mu mu mu nacvalsaxe-

lis ukuqceviToba TvalSi sacemia SerwKmul da rTul wina-

dadebebSi. roca es nacvalsaxeli Semasmenlebis momdevnod

an winadadebis boloSi dgas, maSinve subieqti [man] iZens aq-

tiobis niSans _ `subieqtis aqtiuroba gulisxmobs, rom is is is is

momomomoqmeqmeqmeqmedebs Tvidebs Tvidebs Tvidebs TviTonTonTonTon~~~~ [mayavariani 1987, 54]. magaliTad, wina-

dadebaSi _ `cxeni oros qiqiqiqigigigigiooooririririnunununu, , , , muqmuqmuqmuqˆ JaSi Jincˆ qidiin-


34

Jirˆ (Kif. 96, 17) `cxeni CrdilSi daaKena, TviTon ki xis Zi-

ras dawva~ _ subieqtis `muqˆ~ mier ganxorcielebuli pir-

veli qmedeba `cxeni oros qigiorinu~ exeba pirdapir obi-

eqts, miskenaa orientirebuli, xolo meore moqmedeba _ `Ja-

Si Jincˆ qidiinJirˆ~ Tavad subieqtzea orientirebuli, anu

TviTon ganicdis am moqmedebas, an mas exeba am moqmedebis

Sedegi. moviKvanT sxva sailustracio masalas:

a) memememegrulgrulgrulgrulSiSiSiSi::::

oSi manaTi Cils qimeCˆ, oSi manaTi muq muq muq muq qˆdekinˆ do

oSi manaTi squas qimeCˆ (xub. 195, 20) àsi maneTi cols mi-

sca, asi maneTi TviTon daitova da asi maneTi Svils misca~;

midee‡onˆ do cas qimikaxunuu do muqmuqmuqmuqˆ sua qimikaaforˆ

(Kif. 39, 4) `waiKvana da caSi dasva da TviTon frTa moafa-

ra~; ludukis qˆdutuɷ kˆla do muq muq muq muq midarTˆ (xub. 89, 14)

`ludukis dautova gasaGebi da TviTon wavida~; muyo qi-

minˆko ludukiqˆn, quwu aleqsandreq do muq muq muq muq midarTˆ iSo

(xub. 91, 9) `rogor moqceuliKo luduki, uTxra aleqsan-

drem da TviTon wavida~...

b) lazurlazurlazurlazurSiSiSiSi::::

ar biga ma momCu do ar biga muq muq muq muq qodiqaCu (asaT. 45,

12-21) èrTi Joxi me momca da erTi Joxi TviTon daiyira~;

kulani... ia oxoiS doloxe qanaSqves do mumumumuTeTeTeTefefefefe igzales

(asaT. 87, 47-6, 7) `gogo... is saxlSi (`saxlis SigniT~) da-

toves da TviTon wavidnen~; Juma-muSis didi da qomeCu, muqmuqmuqmuq

yuta na tu qeyofu (kart. 194, 5) `Tavis Zmas ufrosi da

misca, TviTon ki, romelic umcrosi iKo, is daitova~; gu-

runi do msqveri-na va iCinams koCi, muqmuqmuqmuq ren guruni (Ciq. II,

22, 15) `virsa da Svels rom ver gaarCevs kaci, is TviTonaa

viri~...

martiv konstruqciebSi, sadac winadadebis TavSi dgas

mumumumu||||||||muq muq muq muq nacvalsaxeli, ukuqceviTobis semantika daCrdilu-

lia. mag.: winadadebaSi `muq va uwua Jgˆrova... (xub. 141, 27)


35

`man ar uTxra kargado~. muq muq muq muq nacvalsaxelis pirielobaa win

wamoweuli. aseve lazurSi: muqmuqmuqmuq doyau, he nusaq-qi... (kart.

1972, 160, 27) `man dawera, am rZalma rom... ~ muqmuqmuqmuq kiTxu-qi,

`Sainazi, moT imga?~-�a (asaT. 55, 16, 88) `man hkiTxa `Saina-

zi, rad tirio?~. .

Cvens xelT arsebuli masalis mixedviT megrulsa da

lazurSi mu mu mu mu nacvalsaxeli moqmedi piris, subieqtis gamo-

mxatvelia. naklebi sixSiriT ixmareba misi mravlobiTis

formebi, magram aqac susususubibibibieqtseqtseqtseqts, , , , pipipipirovrovrovrovnenenenebasbasbasbas gamoxatavs. maga-

liTad,

a) memememegrugrugrugruli muli muli muli munenenenefi fi fi fi ìsini, TviTon~

sasasasaxexexexelolololobibibibiTiTiTiTi brunvis formiT: muyo Sxafili kericalo mumumumunenenenefi qefi qefi qefi qeiiiiTiCTiCTiCTiCqvaqvaqvaqvafufufufudes des des des (Kif. 150, 13) `viT mSieri keratebi `TviTon~ Cqamunobdnen~;

momomomoTxroTxroTxroTxrobibibibiTiTiTiTi brunvis formiT: cxeni odiareSa gu ɷtes, mumumumu----nefq qnefq qnefq qnefq qˆmimimimisvansvansvansvanJJJJes es es es (xub. 97, 19) `cxeni saZo-varze miuSves, TviTon daisvenes~; ina mu mu mu munenq nenq nenq nenq qimqimqimqimninininiququququnesnesnesnes............ (xub. 78, 6) is TviTon maT dai-xures... ~ mu mu mu munenq vanenq vanenq vanenq vadadadadanenenenebebebebesia sia sia sia arTianc do rTxulenania samarTals (xub. 88, 21) `maT erTmaneTs ar daanebes da gTxoveno samar-Tals~; mumumumunenq nenq nenq nenq xes jijiri tabaCa qoqoqoqodadadadakeskeskeskes............ (xub. 36, 29) `TviTon xelT or-ori dambaCa daiyires~.

mimimimicecececemimimimiTiTiTiTi brunvis formiT: mumumumunens nens nens nens sode okodokodokodokodˆnnnn, , , , Teq qˆdolˆ (xub. 105, 14) `maT sadac undodaT, iq daeca~; qoT gagminwKuɷ jirxoloq, muyo mumumumunefs aSnefs aSnefs aSnefs aSqiqiqiqididididirurururuaaaafufufufudesdesdesdesˆni ni ni ni TeS (xub. 33, 3) `kidec gamoewKo orive ise, rogorc maT ekadrebodaT~; mara Ti dGaq gigigigioooodirTdirTdirTdirTˆ mu mu mu mu----nensnensnensnens, , , , muT woxolen (sub. 137, 15) `magram iseTive dGe daadga maT, rac winaT~.

b) lazuri mmmmuuuuTeTeTeTefe fe fe fe ìsini, TviTon~

sasasasaxexexexelolololobibibibiTiTiTiTi brunvis formiT: heTefe doGuines do mumumumu----


36

TeTeTeTefe fe fe fe kai sqisqisqisqides des des des (kart. 1972, 164, 24) èse-ni mokvdnen da TviTon kargad darCnen~; oxoiSi saebi mumumumuTeTeTeTefe dife dife dife diKKKKves ves ves ves (asaT. 68, 29-51) `saxlis patroni TviTon gaxdnen~; doK-viles, mu mu mu muTeTeTeTefe qofe qofe qofe qomoxmoxmoxmoxTes Tes Tes Tes oxoiSa (asaT. 92, 48, 13-14) `mokles, TviTon movidnen saxl-Si~; mumumumuTeTeTeTefefefefe----Ti Ti Ti Ti `var vulurT~-ia mimimimiwves wves wves wves (Kif. II, 1,8) `maTac àr wavalTo~ miTxres~. majvaa odas mumumumuTeTeTeTefe infe infe infe inJJJJiiiirarararasunsunsunsuntes tes tes tes (kart. 1972, 112, 21) `meore oTaxSi TviTon wve-bodnen~;

momomomoTxroTxroTxroTxrobibibibiTiTiTiTi brunvis formiT: mumumumuTeTeTeTefeqfeqfeqfeq qaezdes ocxoJi, saponi... do yeiSa qaexTes (kart. 1968, 158, 30) `Tavad aiGes savarcxeli, saponi... da sxvenze avidnen~; yita berefeq, mumumumuTeTeTeTefeqfeqfeqfeqTi Ti Ti Ti iZiiZiiZiiZicacacacafan fan fan fan (Ciq. I, 121, 1) `patara bavSvebi, isinic icinian~; neknas beqCefeq var amoCqves koCi, mumumumuTeTeTeTefeq mefeq mefeq mefeq mexTes xTes xTes xTes faTiSaiSa (kart. 1968, 175, 15) `karis mcvelebma ar SeuSves kaci, Tavad movidnen xelmwifesTan~; mumumumuTeTeTeTe----feqfeqfeqfeq----Ti ibTi ibTi ibTi ibgagagagaresresresres,,,, `si muyo kiliT~-�a... (Ciq. II, 78, 14) `maTac itires, `Sen rogor mogka-liTo~... mumumumuTeTeTeTefeqfeqfeqfeq----Ti Ti Ti Ti okokidinu naSqves (jG. 98, 10) `maTac saCxubrad miuSves~.

mimimimicecececemimimimiTiTiTiTi brunvis formiT: mumumumuTeTeTeTefesfesfesfesTi Ti Ti Ti xezmeq�ai ara-biSi biyi uKounteenan (kart. 1972, 104, 20) `maTac mosamsaxured arabi biyi hKoliaT~; fadiSai-Ti mciqa Sufe diKveen, mumumumuTeTeTeTefes fes fes fes mu-Tu var uwveen do naSqven (Ciq. I, 124, 5) `mefe cota SemTvrala, maTTvis araferi uTqvams da SemouSvia~ _ am ukanasknel wi-nadadebaSi mumumumuTeTeTeTefes fes fes fes forma damatebis fun-qcias asrulebs.

aseTia mumumumunenenenefifififi da mumumumuTeTeTeTefe fe fe fe III piris nacvalsaxelebis

funqciuri datvirTva megrulsa da lazurSi. rac Seexeba

maT formobriv mxares, megrulSi dasturdeba mxolod mmmmuuuu----nnnn----


37

efiefiefiefi forma, anu ----efefefef ricxvis niSnis win KovelTvis dgas nnnn

Tanxmovani. saerTo wesis Tanaxmad, moTxrobiTsa da micemiT-

Si ricxvis formanti warmodgenilia ----enenenen||||||||----em em em em variantebiT:

munenqºmunemq, munensºmunems. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom megrulSi

mumumumu----nnnn----efefefef----iiii forma aranair cvlilebas ar ganicdis.

lazurSi saintereso viTarebaa. rogorc arn. Ciqobava

SeniSnavs, mumumumuTeTeTeTefefefefe formaSi SeiZleba Cavardes ricxvis for-

mantiseuli Tanxmovani ----efefefef→→→→----eeee da miviGoT mumumumuTee Tee Tee Tee forma

[Ciqobava 1936, 82], mag.: mumumumuTeTeTeTeeqeqeqeq-Ti va ifxonan (Ciq. I, 38,

20) `TviTonac ar yamen~; mumumumuTeTeTeTeeq eq eq eq sode ykomanen, si-Ti heqo-

le ykomi-a (Ciq. I, 38, 12) `maT sadac uyamiaT, Senc iq ya-

meo~. ----ef ef ef ef formantis Tanxmovani SeiZleba micemiTis forma-

Sic daikargos. mag.: ma var vidi mu mu mu muTeSTeSTeSTeS----kakakakala la la la (Kif. II, 1, 8)

`me ar wavedi maTTan~: muTefes → muTees → muTes + kala

→ muTeS-kala.

Kvela zemoT naxseneb SemTxvevaSi ----TTTT---- elementi aucileb-

lad warmodgenilia mumumumu---- nacvalsaxeluri fuZis momdevnod.

magram aris ori forma, romlebSic n n n n Tanxmovani iCens Tavs.

erT SemTxvevaSi T T T T bgeris nacvlad n n n n dgas -fefefefe formantis

win: gei mendaxTes qoi-muTefeSiSa. ne-Ti miCqin mumumumunenenenefeS feS feS feS sa-

GluGi... (asaT. 191, 168-36, 37) ùkan gabrundnen (`wavid-

nen~) TavianT sofelSi. arc `vici maTi sicocxle~... meore

SemTxvevaSi munmunmunmunTeTeTeTefe fe fe fe forma, sadac erTbaSad orive nnnn da T T T T

elementia warmodgenili. moviKvanT magaliTebs:

henTefeSi aTmaJaq na yofums bulduJini munmunmunmunTeTeTeTefefefefeSi Si Si Si

iven (Ciq. I, 12, 29) `maTi mimino rom iyers... is maTi iqneba~;

Cqimi mali munmunmunmunTeTeTeTefes fes fes fes hodosqidunan Cqimi oGuuSkule (kart.

1968, 171, 23) `Cemi qoneba maT darCebaT Cemi sikvdilis Sem-

deg~; mun mun mun munTeTeTeTefefefefeSi Si Si Si faTiSaiTi eCdojur wanei �en (kart. 1972,

114, 10) `maTi xelmwife ocdaori wlis iqneba~; qomoxTu

munmunmunmunTeTeTeTefefefefeSi Si Si Si kauliSi ora (kart. 1972, 98, 2) `movida TavianT

daTqmul dros~; qonulvan kvinCaSa, xorci, Saabi jin qoge-


38

dumenan, munmunmunmunTeTeTeTefefefefeTi Ti Ti Ti qogexedunan (kart. 1972, 88, 30) `mi-

vlen frinvelTan, zed daawKoben xorcsa da SarbaTs, Tvi-

Tonac dasxdebian~; emuSeni munmunmunmunTeTeTeTefeq feq feq feq biga va geCes, faTiSai-

Sa qoniKones (kart. 1972, 49, 23) àmitomac maT Joxi ar da-

artKes (imaT) da xelmwifesTan miiKvanes~. hawi munmunmunmunTeTeTeTefefefefeSi Si Si Si

oxoris xenan (Ciq. II, 39, 7) àxla TavianT saxlSi sxedan~.

maSasadame, lazurSi gvaqvs sami forma _ mu mu mu muTeTeTeTefefefefe, , , , mumumumunenenene----

fefefefe∗∗∗∗, , , , munmunmunmunTeTeTeTefefefefe, , , , maSin, roca megrulSi gvaqvs erTaderTi mumumumu----

nenenenefi fi fi fi forma. SeiZleba gvefiqra, rom amosavali forma nnnn-ari-

ani unda KofiliKo. saKuradGeboa, rom III piris nacvalsa-

xelTan warmomavlobiT dakavSirebuli kiTxviTi nacvalsaxe-

li mu mu mu mu `ra?~ [klimovi 1964, 124; martirosovi 1964, 187-

188; fenrixi, sarJvelaZe 1990, 206] udevs safuZvlad ganu-

sazGvrelobiT nacvalsaxels mumumumuTxaTxaTxaTxa, , , , mumumumuTxaTxaTxaTxani ni ni ni `raGaca~ (Sdr.

megr. mudga, mudgareni `raGaca~). magram lazurSi Segvxvda

munmunmunmunTxaTxaTxaTxani ni ni ni formac. magaliTad, mun mun mun munTxaTxaTxaTxani ni ni ni na unon, qomeCi

(kart. 1972, 65-38) `raGaca rom unda, mieci~, sqaniɅsTeri

myife do gunZe munmunmunmunTxaTxaTxaTxanenenenefes fes fes fes CqimiɅsTeri baba qomoli koCiSa

muTu daxenen-i? (jG. 25, 35) `Sennairi wvrili da awowili

raGaceebi Cemnair vajkacs ras uzams?~ munmunmunmunTxa Txa Txa Txa miGutes (jG.

77, 1) `raGaca gvqonda~; he munmunmunmunTxaTxaTxaTxani ni ni ni moxTaSi... (jG. 5, 15)

ès raGaca rom movides~... munmunmunmunTxaTxaTxaTxaninininienenenenTe Te Te Te qexTu (kart. 1972,

66, 26) `raGacnairad avida~; aCqva Ziru-qi, munmunmunmunTxa Txa Txa Txa mulun...

(kart. 1972, 176, 3) `sxva raGaca naxa, rom modis~...

cxadia, am formebSi aGdgeba n n n n determinanti-sufiqsi,

romelic mxoloobiT ricxvSi gvaqvs xolme: oryaiq uJoxu:

`mun mun mun mun oren~-�a (jG. 99, 35) òryelma (sofelia arqabeSi) da-

uZaxa: ra ariso~; si xe-na okondriki do noguri, mun mun mun mun ortu?

(jG. 36, 25) `Sen xeli rom modrike da gabrazdi, ra iKo?~

saerTod, zanurSi determinanti ----n n n n sufiqsi, piris nacvalsa-

∗ erTaderTi magaliTia, isic saqarTveloSi Cawerili.


39

xelebis msgavsad, kiTxviT nacvalsaxelebsac daerTvis, rom-

lebic mxoloobiTSi ikargeba, magram aGdgeba mravlobiTSi:

min? `vin~ _ min-ef-i `vinebi~, muºmun? `ra~ (am ukanasknels

megrulSi mravlobiTi ar ewarmoeba, xolo lazurSi gveqneba

mumumumufefefefe, , , , magram zogJer mumumumueeeefefefefe-c dasturdeba, rac aSkarad migva-

niSnebs determinanti nnnn Tanxmovnis dakargvas) _ [Ciqobava

1936, 83-85]. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imasac, rom lazuri fo-

notaqtikis mixedviT nT nT nT nT decesiuri mimdevrobis nazaluri

kompleqsi dasaSvebia [quTelia 1979], SeiZleba vivaraudoT,

rom munmunmunmunTeTeTeTefe fe fe fe formaSi SenarCunebulia _ nnnn determinanti

Tanxmovani, romelic saxezea megrulSi mumumumu----nnnn----efefefef----i i i i formaSi.

T T T T elementi lazuris formaSi badebs kiTxvas: xom ar

aris is naSTi Ti Ti Ti Ti `Tavi~ arsebiTi saxelisa, romelsac uku-

qceviTi nacvalsaxelis mniSvnelobac aqvs [mari 1910, 147].

aGsaniSnavia, rom megrulSic dasturdeba es Ti Ti Ti Ti odnavi se-

mantikuri gadaweviT: `Tavis saxlSi, TavisTan~ mniSvnelobis

mqonea. mag., mide‡onu muSi TiTiTiTiSa Sa Sa Sa (Kif. 7, 22) `waiKvana Tavis-

Tan~; yiye xaniSi ukuli muSi TiTiTiTiSa Sa Sa Sa guutu (Kif. 7, 24) `co-

ta xnis Semdeg Tavis saxlSi (`TavisTan~) gauSva; muSi TiTiTiTiSa Sa Sa Sa

qˆmorTˆ Te koCqˆ (Kif. 13, 2) `Tavis saxlSi movida es ka-

ci~; intˆ muSi Ti Ti Ti TiSa Sa Sa Sa (Kif. 9, 13) `gaiqca Sin (`TavisTan~)...

rogorc vxedavT, Ti Ti Ti Ti ZiriTadad Tan axlavs mumumumuSi Si Si Si `misi,

Tavisi~ kuTvnilebiT nacvalsaxels. SesaZloa lazurSic TiTiTiTi

mierTvoda mumumumu((((<<<<munmunmunmun)))) III piris nacvalsaxels da aZlierebda

ukuqceviTobis semantikas: mumumumu{nnnn} TiTiTiTi `man TviTon~... aGsaniS-

navia, rom lazurSi ukuqceviTobis mniSvneloba ufro gamo-

kveTilia, vidre megrulSi.

vfiqrobT, rom laz. mumumumu----TTTT----efefefef----eeee da megr. mumumumu----nnnn----efefefef----iiii for-

maTa T T T T da n n n n elementebi istoriulad gansxvavebuli warmo-

mavlobisa Cans. isini mravlobiTobis formebma Semoinaxa im-

denad, ramdenadac maT xmovanTgamKari Tanxmovnis funqcia

Seasrules.


40

$ $ $ $ 4444. . . . CveCveCveCvenenenenebiT da mibiT da mibiT da mibiT da mimarmarmarmarTeTeTeTebiT nabiT nabiT nabiT nacvalcvalcvalcvalsasasasaxelxelxelxelTa mravTa mravTa mravTa mravlolololo----bibibibiTisTisTisTis forforforformemememebibibibisasasasaTvis Tvis Tvis Tvis lazurlazurlazurlazuris aTiis aTiis aTiis aTinur kinur kinur kinur kilolololokavkavkavkavSiSiSiSi

lazuris aTinur kilokavSi CvenebiT nacvalsaxelTa sis-

tema warmodgenilia ham ham ham ham ès~, him him him him ìs~ formebiT, romlebic,

xofur aaaa��aaaa ès~, iaiaiaia ìs~ da viwur-arqabul hahahaha��aaaa ès~, heaheaheahea

ìs~ nacvalsaxelebisagan gansxvavebiT, Seicavs mumumumu nacvalsa-

xelur Zirs: hamhamhamham<<<<hahahahamumumumu, , , , himhimhimhim<<<<hihihihimumumumu. . . . sxvaoba gansakuTrebiT

TvalsaCinoa mravlobiT ricxvSi: `xofursa da viwur-arqa-

bulSi mxoloobiTi ricxvisa mxolod CvenebiTi nawilebi

gvaqvs: aaaa----||||||||hahahaha---- _ eeee----||||||||hehehehe----:::: maT daerTvis TTTT elementi, mas mo-

sdevs mravlobiTobis mawarmoebeli ----efefefef da saxelobiTi

brunvis daboloeba ----eeee:::: xof.: a a a a----nnnn----TTTT----efefefef----eeee,,,, viw. -arq.: hahahaha----mmmm----TTTT----

efefefef----eeee||||||||hahahaha----TTTT----efefefef----eeee. . . . TTTT-s win mmmm----||||||||nnnn---- fonetikuradaa ganviTarebu-

li~ [Ciqobava 1936, 82]. Sesabamisad, lazurSic aGdgeba TTTT

nacvalsaxeluri Ziri, romelic dasturdeba megrulSi: a-TTTT-e

ès~, e-TTTT-i ìs~...

lazurSi saxelTa mravlobiTis warmoebis sistemaSi

gansxvavebul suraTs qmnis aTinuri kilokavis hahahahanininini, , , , hihihihinininini Cve-

nebiTi nacvalsaxelebi, agreTve nananananininini `romlebi~ mimarTebiTi

nacvalsaxeli, romlis mxoloobiTis formaa nanananamumumumu `romeli~.

aGniSnul nacvalsaxelebSi arsad ar Cans ----efefefef sufiqsi, xo-

lo saxelobiTis eeee niSnis nacvlad gvaqvs iiii,,,, romelic fuZe-

saa Sexorcebuli da Tan gadahKveba sxva brunvebSic. Tu nnnn-s

miviCnevT mravlobiTobis sufiqsad [mari 1910, 13; cagareli

1957, 26], gamodis, rom irib brunvebSi gvaqvs Semdegi mi-

mdevroba: ha-n-i-q, ha-n-i-s, ha-n-i-S... hi-n-i-q, hi-n-i-s, hi-n-i-S...

na-n-i-q, na-n-i-s, na-n-i-S... erT SemTxvevaSi haºhi CvenebiT na-

wilakebs mosdevs mravlobiTi ricxvis niSani nnnn, , , , Semdeg fun-

qciadakarguli saxelobiTis iiii daboloeba da bolos Sesaba-

misi brunvis niSani. meore SemTxvevaSic igive Tanmimdevro-

baa, mxolod CvenebiTi nawilakis nacvlad gvaqvs nawilaki nananana,


41

romlis `pirdapiri mniSvneloba `ra~ unda iKos~ [Ciqobava

1936, 184].

megrulSi CvenebiT da mimarTebiT nacvalsaxelTa mrav-

lobiTis msgavsi formebi ar mogvepoveba. rac Seexeba qar-

Tuls, aq KuradGebas iqcevs is faqti, rom dasavlur kilo-

ebSi `mravlobiTi ricxvi iwarmoeba saxelobiTis n- sufiqsi-

ani fuZis ganzogadebiT sxva brunvebSi. nacvlad Zveli qar-

TulisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli i g i n i - i m a T tipis warmoe-

bisa, gvaqvs: a g i n i | a g e n i , a g i n m a | a g e n m a , a g i n s |

a g e n s ... paralelurad a m g e n m a , a m g e n s , i m g e n -

m a , i m g e n s ~... [CarTolani 1985, 103]. dasavluri kilo-

ebis Cveneba TiTqos uaxlovdeba aTinuri kilos viTarebas,

magram Cndeba kiTxva. am dialeqtebSi (guruli, qvemoimeru-

li, leCxumuri, ayaruli) `saxelobiTis nnnn-iani formis gene-

ralizacia danarCen brunvebSi~ miCneulia meoreul movle-

nad, inovaciad [martirosovi 1964, 315-316; CarTolani

1985, 106]; ra kvalifikacia unda mieces aTinurSi dadastu-

rebul hahahahanininini, , , , hihihihinininini, , , , nananananininini formebs?

n. marma Tavis monografiul gamokvlevaSi `lazuri (la-

zuri) enis gramatika~ hahahahanininini, , , , hihihihinininini formebis analizisas aG-

niSna, rom aq Semonaxulia mravlobiTi ricxvis niSani nnnn,,,,

romelsac mierTvis saxelobiTi brunvis iiii daboloeba. Sem-

deg msJelobas ase ganagrZobs: `... показатель мн. числа n появ-

ляется и с тубал-кайнским именнымъ окончанием e (n-e), но одно-

временно с fe _ в форме с двумя показателями множественности:

hami-ne-fe эти, здешние, hi-ne-fe-s в техъ (местах) nam-i-ne-fe

которые~ [mari 1910, 34].

hahahahamimimimineneneneffffeeee, , , , nanananamimimiminenenenefe fe fe fe formebSi ormag mravlobiTze ver

vimsJelebT, radganac orivegan gamoiKofa min min min min `vin?~ kiTxvi-

Ti nacvalsaxeli. lazurSi min min min min forma kargavs bolokidur

n-s, magram mas i. KifSiZe adasturebs CxalurSi, sadac aG-

dgeba xmovniT dawKebuli sitKvis da nawilakebis (-ia, o)


42

win. mag.: ha�a minminminmin oren? (Kif. I, 11, 54) ès vin aris?~ mimimiminenenene----

fifififi, , , , nanananamimimiminenenenefifififi||||||||namnamnamnamˆnefnefnefnefˆ formebi Cveulebrivia megrulSic, sa-

dac mxoloobiTSi mi mi mi mi ixmareba n-s gareSe (Sdr. mu < mun

`TviTon~). Cveni azriT, aTinurSic hahahaha----minminminmin----efefefef----eeee formaSi minminminmin

`vin?~ kiTxviT nacvalsaxels win erTvis deiqsisi hahahaha,,,, xolo

momdevnod _ ricxvis mawarmoebeli ----efefefef sufiqsi. Sesabamisad

mniSvneloba gviCvenebs pirvel pirTan mKofT: èseni~, àqau-

rebi~ _ hahahahamimimiminenenenefe fe fe fe sade si†Teri-dul�a iqumani? (mari, 87,

8) àqaurebi Kvela miminos yeriTaa dakavebuli?~ forma nananana----

mimimiminenenenefe fe fe fe adgilze miuTiTebs _ `romeli, rogori adgilebi?~

mag.: Goma si†TeriTe nanananamimimiminenenenefe fe fe fe goxTi orTiyiSeni? (mari, 89,

6) `wuxel romel adgilebSi waxvedi miminos dasayerad?~

rogorc vxedavT, nacvalsaxelTa sistemaSi gancalkeve-

biT dgas hahahahanininini, , , , hihihihini ni ni ni da nanananani ni ni ni formebi. n. CarTolanis mier

gamoiTqva varaudi: `xom ar Seicavs n n n n Zirs lazuris aTinur

kilokavSi mravlobiT ricxvSi gamovlenili hahahahanininini----hihihihinininini????~ [Ca-

rTolani 1985, 140]. mecnieri zanurisTvis aGadgens Semdeg

nacvalsaxelur Zirebs: /S/, /q/, *mo/→mu/, *d→T, n. es ukanas-

kneli TiTqos ar dasturdeba lazurSi. aq, Cveni azriT, ga-

saTvaliswinebelia ramdenime arsebiTi momenti.

cnobilia, rom qarTvelur enebSi CvenebiTi nacvalsaxe-

lebi asruleben III piris nacvalsaxelis funqcias, magram

arsebobs sxvaobac: qarTulSi gvaqvs CvenebiT nacvalsaxelTa

samwevrovani sistema, sadac òri funqciaa ganviTarebuli:

erTi mxriv, mimarTeba pirebTan aris dakavSirebuli (pirvel

pirTan mKofi, meore pirTan mKofi, mesame pirTan mKofi),

xolo, meore mxriv, gadmocemulia sagnis siaxlove-siSore~

[CarTolani 1985, 7]; zanurSi, aseve svanurSic, gvaqvs Cvene-

biT nacvalsaxelTa orwevrovani sistema, anu mimarTeba pi-

rebTan ar aris dakavSirebuli. sivrceSi orientacia, anu

siSore-siaxlovis aGniSvna megrul-lazurSi emKareba deiq-

tur xmovanTa opozicias: a _ axlos mKofi, iºe- Sors mKo-


43

fi. es gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCinoa lazurSi [CarTolani

1985, 142].

aTinurSi amgvar orwevra sistemas qmnis ham ham ham ham da himhimhimhim na-

cvalsaxelebi, romlebSic mu mu mu mu nacvalsaxeluri fuZe Sekveci-

li saxiTaa warmodgenili. erTi mxriv, gvaqvs hamhamhamham, , , , him him him him na-

cvalsaxelebi, meore mxriv, hahahahamumumumu, , , , hihihihimumumumu. . . . maTi funqciebic ga-

miJnulia. rogorc wesi, arasruli formebi hamhamhamham, , , , him him him him ixmareba

mxolod CvenebiTobis funqciiT, anu msazGvrelad axlavs

arsebiT saxels. magaliTad:

ham dham dham dham dGGGGaaaaSi Si Si Si �oxo litrof on (mari, 92, 10) àm dGis

saxeli `litrofi~ aris; ham s ham s ham s ham s…………aSaaSaaSaaSa viwe ofSa mendraɅni? (ma-

ri, 93, 19) àm adgilidan viwemde didi manZilia?~ ham qiham qiham qiham qiTabTabTabTab

qomomCiko (mari 94, 24) ès wigni rom mogeca~; hus ham deham deham deham de----

liqliqliqliq Juma muSis uwu-Ci... (Kif. II, 81, 9) àm zarmacma Tavis

Zmas uTxra rom... ~ ‡uu, ham Co ham Co ham Co ham Cobabababaniq niq niq niq mu�a moGodes? (Kif. 81,

26) ùɷ, am mwKemsma ra dagvmarTa?~ him him him him xoJaq nak yara tku?

(mari 95, 11) ìm xoJam sad iswavla?~ him him him him s…a ma va miSqun

(mari 94, 11) ìs adgili me ar vici~; him do him do him do him dorararara wulu Juma

gza nagu! (Ciq. II, 122, 19) ìm dros umcrosi Zma gzas gaud-

ga!~ him dahim dahim dahim daCxuCxuCxuCxuririririSiSiSiSi ianiSa mendaxTu (Ciq. II, 119, 6) ìm ce-

cxlis qveKanaSi wavida~; naq idu himhimhimhim kokokokoCiCiCiCi???? (Kif. 83, 24)

`sad wavida is kaci?~ ali do osmani-Ti him gzashim gzashim gzashim gzas Gures

(Kif. 93, 7) àli da osmanic im gzaze mokvdnen~.

Tu hamhamhamham, , , , him him him him nacvalsaxelebi III piris gamomxatvelia, anu

saxelobiT brunvaSi mKofi subieqturi da obieqturi piris

funqcias asrulebs, warmodgenilia sruli formebiT: hahahahamumumumu, , , ,

hihihihimumumumu,,,, romelsac zogJer mierTvis -Ti (`ca~) nawilaki. mag.:

hihihihimumumumu----Ti Ti Ti Ti ‡idu, fara doqlimu (Ciq. II, 128, 23) ìsic wavida,

fuli Seinaxa~; hihihihimumumumuTi Ti Ti Ti bogzali, var momwondu (kart. 1970,

221, 24) ìsic gavuSvi, ar momewona~; hihihihimumumumuTi Ti Ti Ti mendebioniko,

babaSkimi mokapinasen gale (kart. 1970, 220, 25) ìsic rom

wameKvana, mamaCemi gamagdebda gareT~; mumuli Sqimi ha ha ha hamuq muq muq muq


44

nukvaTu! (Kif. II, 76, 23) `Cemi mamali aman dakla~; ha ha ha hamuq muq muq muq emi-

Sinaxu do tkva (Tqva) mu�aSeni var emiSinaxiT? (Kif. II, 80,

21) àman Seminaxa da Tqven ratom ar SeminaxeT?~ hahahahamuq muq muq muq

baSka xorZa doGurinu! (Kif. 80, 4) àman ufrosi rZali

moakvdina~.

SeiniSneba erTi tendenciac _ gardamaval zmnebTan mo-

salodneli moTxrobiTi brunvis nacvlad gvxvdeba saxelobi-

Tis forma. mag.: hihihihimumumumu fara memememeCuCuCuCu do kaiGo (º†eluka) uin-

dru (kart. 1970, 226, 27) ìman fuli misca da navi uKida~;

hihihihimu oSmu oSmu oSmu oSkokokokomu mu mu mu dido da�aGi... (kart. 1970, 227, 8) ìman yama

bevri Joxi~... Skuni lazi dido geCu xolo SeiTani, xolo

dodododowawawawamu himu himu himu himu mu mu mu (kart. 1970, 227, 12) `Cvenma lazma kidev bevri

urtKa eSmaks, kvlav dabegva (`mokla~) iman~; hihihihimu dimu dimu dimu diinininindru dru dru dru

vi manaTi xami (kart. 1970, 228, 1) ìman iKida aT maneTad

dana~...

micemiTi brunvis nacvladac SeiZleba Segvxvdes saxelo-

biTis forma: daha vrosi doldoldoldolvonvonvonvonqurqurqurqurtu hitu hitu hitu himu mu mu mu (kart. 1970,

224, 13) ùfro kargi ecva imas~.

hamhamhamham, , , , him him him him nacvalsaxelTa msgavsad nanananamu mu mu mu `romeli~ mimarTe-

biTi nacvalsaxelis Sekvecili forma nam nam nam nam gamoiKeneba msa-

zGvrelis rolSi. mag.: nanananam qom qom qom qoiiiiSaSaSaSa eSkaxTare? (mari, 84, 8)

`romel sofelSi midixar?~ laqin nam nam nam nam dGa on, va miSqun (ma-

ri, 92, 12) `magram romeli dGea, ar vici~; nam kuinam kuinam kuinam kui dolo-

toCi? (kart. 1970, 228, 19) `romel yaSi Caagde?~

nacvalsaxelTa sruli da arasruli formebis amgvari

funqciuri gamiJvna megrulisTvisac damaxasiaTebelia. ker-

Zod, aTeaTeaTeaTenananana º TeTeTeTenananana, eTieTieTieTinananana º TiTiTiTinananana nacvalsaxelebis arasruli

(mokvecili) formebia: TeTeTeTenananana > enaenaenaena / TeTeTeTe / eeee; TiTiTiTinananana > inainainaina / TiTiTiTi / iiii.

Sesabamisad, piris nacvalsaxelebia KovelTvis sruli for-

mebi, xolo arasruli formebidan n-ariani variantebi: enaenaenaena,

inainainaina. rac Seexeba TeTeTeTe/eeee da TiTiTiTi/iiii formebs, maT CvenebiTi na-

cvalsaxelis funqcia aqvT da àrasodes gvxvdeba damouki-


45

deblad, gamoiKeneba rogorc msazGvrelebi, KovelTvis us-

wreben sazGvruls da ar icvlebian arc brunvis da arc ri-

cxvis mixedviT (Te koCi ès kaci~, Te koCq àm kacma~... Te

koCefi ès kacebi~. Te koCefq àm kacebma~) [cxadaia 2009,

23]. TavisTavad aTeaTeaTeaTenananana, eTieTieTieTinananana formebi rTuli agebulebisaa

da ori nacvalsaxeluri Ziris _ -TTTT-s da -nnnn-s SeerTebiT

Cans miGebuli, romlebsac win erTvis deiqsisebi aaaa da eeee,

eseni aseve ukavSirdebian lazuris ham, him, hani, hini for-

mebSi dadasturebul ha, hi elementebs [mari 1925, 18, 22;

CarTolani 1985, 140; Ciqobava 1936, 81].

aTinuri teqstebis mixedviT nanananammmmuuuu nacvalsaxeli III pi-

ris gamomxatvelia. mag.: sq…aliTi nanananamu oremu oremu oremu ore,,,, qale miSi an-

deri? (mari 113, 25-3) `qaliSvili, romelic aseTia, visia

oxeri?~ nanananamumumumu-Ti ‡‡‡‡onononon,,,, miwvi (Ciq. II, 136, 14) `romelic aris,

miTxari~.

mravlobiT ricxvSi hahahahanininini, , , , hihihihinininini, , , , nanananani ni ni ni nacvalsaxelebi ixma-

reba mxolod III piris funqciiT iseve, rogorc ha ha ha hamumumumu, , , , hihihihimumumumu, , , ,

nanananamumumumu nacvalsaxelebi.

1) dgas saxelobiT brunvaSi da aGniSnavs gardauvali

zmnis subieqtur pirs:

hahahahani ni ni ni qomoxTes (Ciq. II, 108, 9) èseni movidnen~; anTxozes

hahahahanininini............ hahahahani ni ni ni imtes (Ciq. II, 132, 27) `gaedevnen eseni... eseni ga-

iqcnen~; hahahahani ni ni ni qogamaxtes, ‡ar konaGiSa mendaxtes (Ciq. II, 132,

34) èseni Camovidnen, erT sasaxleSi wavidnen~; ha ha ha hanininini----Ti Ti Ti Ti ig-

zales, fara niSi eyofuman (Kif. 80, 35) èsenic wavidnen,

Tavis fuls aiGeben~; hahahahanininini----Ti Ti Ti Ti gemiJi Sqimi ‡on! (Ciq. II, 133,

1) èsenic Cemi mezGvaurebi arian~; hahahahanininini-Ti sumi-Ti okika-

Tes... (Ciq. II, 133, 15) èsenic samive Seikribnen~... qon, ama

hus hihihihini ni ni ni mu�a ifelen? (mari, 93, 13) àris, magram axla isi-

ni risTvis varga?~

2) hahahahanininini||||||||hihihihini ni ni ni gadmoscems gardamavali zmnis subieqtur

pirs saxelobiTi brunvis formiT nacvlad moTxrobiTisa:


46

hahahahani Tqvesni Tqvesni Tqvesni Tqves-qi `Squ-Ti bimtaT!~ (Ciq. II, 133, 6) àmaT Tqves,

rom `Cvenc gaviqceTo!~ hahahahani qoni qoni qoni qododododolilililiququququnesnesnesnes, , , , duguniSa ‡ulu-

nan cxenefeTe (Ciq. II, 130, 30) àmaT Caicves, qorwilSi mi-

dian cxenebiT~; hihihihini ni ni ni dul�a iquman (Ciq. II, 107, 3) ìsini sa-

qmes akeTeben~; hihihihinininini oxori wowowowofxufxufxufxuman man man man (Ciq. II, 107, 3) ìsini

saxls aSeneben~; hihihihini Tqvesni Tqvesni Tqvesni Tqves-Ci (Ciq. II, 119, 17) maT Tqves,

rom... ~

3) gamoxatavs pirdapir obieqtur pirs:

qomefCi hihihihini ni ni ni himu (kart. 1970, 219, 10) `miveci isini

imas~; hi hi hi hini ni ni ni he� mebaSqvi, ma qomovTi (Ciq. II, 124, 5) ìsini iq

gavuSvi, me movedi~; lazuri askerefe mendaxtes do hihihihini ni ni ni om-

tines (Kif. II, 72, 29) `lazi Jariskacebi wavidnen da isini

gaaqcies~; hihihihini ni ni ni bgoraT, qobZiraT do movi�onaT (KifS. II, 73,

7) ìsini movZebnoT, vnaxoT da moviKvanoT~.

4) micemiT brunvaSi dgas e. w. inversiul zmnebTan: hihihihi----

nis quSnis quSnis quSnis quSququququnan nan nan nan (Ciq. II, 107, 27) `maT ician~; hihihihinis nis nis nis muTi var

axeaxeaxeaxeneneneneran ran ran ran (KifS. II, 82, 8) `maT araferi gamouvaT~...

aTinur teqstSi ver davadastureT na na na nanininini forma, magram

cxadia, misi xmarebis principi igive iqneba, rac nanananamumumumu `rome-

li~ nacvalsaxelisa. maSasadame, hahahahamumumumu, , , , hihihihimumumumu, , , , nanananamumumumu da ha ha ha hanininini, , , ,

hihihihinininini, , , , nananananininini formaTa funqciuri datvirTva aseTia _ gamoxa-

ton subieqturi (iSviaTad obieqturi) piri moqmedebis lo-

katiuri orientaciis CvenebiT. amave dros, isini, ricxvis

mixedviT opoziciur wKvilebs qmnian: hahahahamu mu mu mu _ _ _ _ hahahahanininini, , , , hihihihimu mu mu mu _ _ _ _

hihihihinininini, , , , nanananamu mu mu mu _ _ _ _ nananananininini. . . . iqmneba STabeydileba, rom mu mu mu mu nacvalsaxe-

luri fuZis sapirispirod gvaqvs ni ni ni ni nacvalsaxeluri fuZe,

romelsac amJerad simravlis gamoxatva akisria (Sdr. megr.

enaenaenaena, inainainaina formebi).

Cndeba kiTxva, SesaZlebelia Tu ara, rom hahahahamumumumu, , , , hihihihimumumumu, , , ,

nanananamumumumu formebs ----efefefef sufiqsiT ewarmoebinaT mravlobiTi ri-

cxvi. daviwKoT imiT, rom xofursa da viwur-arqabulSi nananana----

mu mu mu mu `romeli~ nacvalsaxelis mravlobiTis formaa nanananamTemTemTemTefe fe fe fe


47

[Ciqobava 1936, 84]. nanananamTemTemTemTefefefefe<<<<****nanananamumumumuTeTeTeTefefefefe nacvalsaxelSi gamo-

iKofa mumumumuTeTeTeTefefefefe,,,, rac muq muq muq muq `man~ III piris nacvalsaxelis mrav-

lobiTis formaa. aseve megrulSi nanananamumumumu-s mravlobiTi gadmoi-

cema n n n naaaamumumumunenenenefi fi fi fi nacvalsaxeliT, sadac mumumumunenenenefi fi fi fi forma aseve III

piris nacvalsaxelis mravlobiTis gamomxatvelia megrulSi.

is faqti, rom megrulsa da lazuris viwur-arqabul, xo-

fur kilokavebSi nanananamu mu mu mu nacvalsaxelis mravlobiTi ----ef ef ef ef su-

fiqsiTaa nawarmoebi, gvafiqrebinebs, rom nanananani ni ni ni `romlebi~

formisaTvis mravlobiTobis gamoxatva meoreulia. albaT

igive iTqmis hahahahanininini, , , , hihihihinininini CvenebiT nacvalsaxelebzec, miT ume-

tes, rom i. KifSiZis mier Caweril masalaSi gvaqvs hahahahanenenenefefefefe

forma: ukaCxe hahahahanenenenefes fes fes fes mileTi (koCefe) ofSa xavi di�u (Kif.

II, 72, 31) `maT ukan uTvalavi xalxiT gaivso... ~ arn. Ciqoba-

vas KuradGeba miuqcevia am formisTvis: `sagulisxmoa ag-

reTve aTinuri hahahahanenenenefefefefe 7231 Cveulebrivi hani-s nacvlad

(èseni~)... ~ [Ciqobava 1939, XXX]. aqve Tu gavixsenebT n. ma-

ris mier zemoT moKvanil amonaridSi naxseneb formas _ hihihihi----

nenenenefes fes fes fes [mari 1910, 34], saintereso suraTi iqmneba: hahahahanenenenefefefefe, , , ,

hihihihinenenenefe fe fe fe formebSi an daCrdilulia hanhanhanhan----iiii formis mravlobi-

Tobis semantika da ricxvis gamoxatva ----efefefef morfemas ekisre-

ba; an hanhanhanhan----i i i i nacvalsaxels arc hqonia Tavdapirvelad mrav-

lobiTobis mniSvneloba da masSi warmodgenilia nnnn nacvalsa-

xeluri Ziri ha ha ha ha||||||||hihihihi deiqsisebis momdevnod.

****hanhanhanhan da ****hinhinhinhin formebis daSvebas gvafiqrebinebs aseve

KifSiZiseul aTinur teqstebSi dadasturebuli hin hin hin hin forma:

hinhinhinhin(?) bozo-moTa, sevda-muSiSeni meraGi-na u-Te, hamhamhamham destani

gamiGu (Kif. II, 90, 2-3) ìm SviliSvilma, Tavisi sevdis gamo

bneli fiqrebiT SepKrobilma, es poema gadmoiGo~... rogorc

vxedavT, konteqstSi erTdroulad CvenebiTobis funqciiT

ixmareba hin hin hin hin ìm, is~ da ham ham ham ham ès, am~ nacvalsaxelebi. cxadia,

orive mxoloobiT ricxvSia, ramdenadac miTiTebiTis fun-

qciiT xmarebisas CvenebiT nacvalsaxelebs mravlobiTi ri-


48

cxvi ar ewarmoebaT.

vfiqrobT, hin hin hin hin forma iseve dasaSvebia aTinurSi, ro-

gorc himhimhimhim, , , , ham ham ham ham formebi. aGsaniSnavia, rom arqabulSic

arcTu iSviaTad gvxvdeba hehehehemumumumu>>>>hem hem hem hem formebi, rac hihihihimumumumu>>>>him him him him

nacvalsaxelTa badalia (i/e _ xmovnebs siSoris aGniSvna

ekisrebaT zanurSi). imave arqabulSi, kerZod, s. jGentis mi-

er Caweril teqstebSi, Segvxvda hen hen hen hen ìs~ forma, romelsac

aSkarad mxoloobiTobis gageba aqvs, ixmareba msazGvrelis

rolSi da CvenebiTobis semantikis mqonea. magaliTad, ar ie-

ris qortes oTxo Juma. hen hen hen hen didi-na ren, deli ren do gamsa-

raT Joxons (jG. 127, 28) èrT qveKanaSi iKo oTxi Zma. is,

ufrosi romelicaa, sulelia da gamsaraTi hqvia~; `ka�-a bo-

zofes dobkiTxa~-�a, Tqu fadiSariq. hen hen hen hen didi bozos uwu-

qi... (jG. 132, 19-21)... `kargio, qaliSvilebs vkiTxavo~, _

Tqva xelmwifem. im ufros qaliSvils uTxra rom... ~ majura-

fe dinJires. hen hen hen hen didi-na ren-qi, Cumers (jG. 130, 14) `sxvebi

dawvnen. is, ufrosi romelicaa, fiqrobs~; hen hen hen hen yuta-na ren,

bozoq Cumers (jG. 130, 20) ìs gogo, umcrosi romelicaa,

fiqrobs~; okul hen hen hen hen yuyuta bozos qoduJoxu (jG. 132, 25)

`mere im patara qaliSvils dauZaxa~; hen hen hen hen yuta bozos mawkin-

di-Ti var uGun (jG. 138, 6) ìm umcros qaliSvils beyedic

ara aqvs~...

rogorc Cans, aTinuri hahahahani ni ni ni èseni~, hihihihini ni ni ni ìsini~, ha ha ha hanenenenefefefefe

èseni~, hihihihinenenenefe fe fe fe ìsini~, agreTve aTinuri hin hin hin hin da arqabuli

hen hen hen hen ìs~ formaTa n n n n elementi erTi da igive odenobaa da na-

cvalsaxelur Zirs warmoadgens.

lazursa da megrulSi n n n n nacvalsaxeluri Ziris arsebo-

bas mxars uyers is faqtic, rom zanurSi gardauval zmnebSi

mesame subieqturi piris niSnad gvaqvs ----nnnn sufiqsi, romelic

zmnas mravlobiT ricxvSic gadahKveba. piris niSnebi ki zmna-

Si warmoSobiT nacvalsaxeluri proklitika-enklitikebia.

dasasrul, ismis kiTxva: ramdenad dasaSvebia lazurSi


49

gansxvavebuli fuZeebiT [hamu _ hani, himu _ hini] III piris

nacvalsaxelis mxoloobiTi da mravlobiTi ricxvis gamoxat-

va? msgavsi ram ar unda iKos SeuZlebeli, Tu gaviTvaliswi-

nebT svanuris lentexuri kilos Taviseburebas _ III piris

nacvalsaxelTa mravlobiTi gadmoicema mxoloobiTis fuZeze

sxva nacvalsaxeluri fuZis mierTebiT: ala _ almin º amnil;

eJa _ eJmin, xolo balszemourSi _ �r mravlobiTobis sufiq-

sis darTviT [Tofuria 1979, 232; CarTolani 1985, 124-125].


50

II Tavi Tavi Tavi Tavi

piris mravlobiTobis gamoxatva zmnaSipiris mravlobiTobis gamoxatva zmnaSipiris mravlobiTobis gamoxatva zmnaSipiris mravlobiTobis gamoxatva zmnaSi

$ $ $ $ 5555. . . . subieqturi piris ricxvis warmoebasubieqturi piris ricxvis warmoebasubieqturi piris ricxvis warmoebasubieqturi piris ricxvis warmoeba

I da III da III da III da II seriis mwkrivebSi seriis mwkrivebSi seriis mwkrivebSi seriis mwkrivebSi

SesavalSi iTqva, rom zmnasTan mimarTebiT ricxvis kate-

goria logikuri TvalsazrisiT scildeba saxelTa mravlo-

biTis Cveulebriv gagebas. rogorc wesi, zmnaSi aisaxeba

masTan SewKobili piris (aqtantis) ricxvi. aglutinaciur

da amavdroulad polipersonalur enebSi zmnuri forma

asaxavs im da imden pirs, romelsac da ramdensac SeiwKobs,

ara mxolod materialurad markirebuls, aramed nulovani

markirebis mqonesac. amitomac pirTa ricxvis gamoxatvis ana-

lizisas upriania subieqt-obieqtis cnebebiT visargebloT,

radgan subieqti da obieqti enis logikur-semantikuri do-

nis universaluri kategoriebia. amasTan nebismieri forma-

luri kategoria (valentoba, aqtantebi, adgilianoba... )

`formaluri morfologiisa da sintaqsis agebas emsaxureba.

pirTa romloba da rogoroba ki definiciis ZaliT, maT se-

mantikur, Sinaarsobliv datvirTvas gulisxmobs~ [mayavaria-

ni 1987, 79]. am faqtors gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs

ricxvis kategoriasTan mimarTebiT, radgan, rogorc specia-

lur literaturaSia SeniSnuli, qarTvelur enebSi mkacrad

aris daculi piri [I, II] ~ arapiri [III] diqotomia subieqtu-

ri piris ricxvis aGniSvnisas, xolo megrul-lazurSi es

principi obieqtur pirebzec vrceldeba [asaTiani 1999, 25-

26].

aGniSnuli Sexeduleba emKareba im faqts, rom nebismie-

ri sakomunikacio aqti or pirs gulisxmobs. maSinac ki, ro-

ca adamiani sakuTar TavTan rCeba, fiqriT meore `me~-s mi-

marTavs. amitomac v. fon humboldti daaskvnis: swored es


51

niSan-Tviseba, romelic mTel kacobriobas hKofs or dapi-

rispirebul klasad _ `Cemi~ (`Tavisi~) da `sxvisi~ _ aris

safuZveli Kovelgvari sazogadoebrivi kavSirisa Tu gaerTi-

anebebisa [humboldti 1985, 395-399]. amgvari diqotomia

kargad Cans piris nacvalsaxelebSi. erTi mxriv, gvaqvs dapi-

rispireba me ~ Sen, meore mxriv _ me/Sen ~ is. frangma enaT-

mecnierma e. benvenistma korelaciis am or saxes Semdegi kva-

lifikacia misca: a) susususubibibibieqeqeqeqtutututurrrroooobisbisbisbis korelacia, roca er-

TmaneTs upirispirdeba `me~ s u b i e q t u r i piri da `Sen~

a r a s u b i e q t u r i piri; b) pirianobis pirianobis pirianobis pirianobis korelacia, roca

erTmaneTs upirispirdeba p i r i [me, Sen] da a r a p i r i

[is] [benvenisti 1974, 264-266]. ramdenadac zmnaSi ricxvis

gamoxatva myidrod aris dakavSirebuli piris kategorias-

Tan (mxolod piri SeiZleba iKos ama Tu im ricxvis mqone),

sakiTxi ase dgeba: aisaxeba Tu ara pirTa korelaciis es sa-

xeebi mravlobiT ricxvSic. e. benvenistis azriT, aisaxeba,

magram pirisa da arapiris mravlobiTis gageba gansxvavebu-

lia. kerZod, `Cven~ sxva araferia, Tu ara mkveTrad danawev-

rebul elementTa gaerTianeba, romelSic gabatonebuli

mdgomareoba uyiravs `me~-s zogJer im zomamde, rom mravlo-

biTis Secvla SeiZleba mxoloobiTis formiT. amis mizezi

isaa, rom `Cven~ ar warmoadgens `me~-s ubralo pluraliza-

cias (`Cven~ ≠ me+me+me... ), aramed esaa `me~, romlis konkre-

tuli sazGvrebi waSlilia, gadaweulia... [benvenisti 1974,

268]. `Cven~ bundovnad miuTiTebs imaTze, visac sakuTari

`me~-s garda gulisxmobs mTqmeli. maSinac ki, roca kiTxvaze

`vin SemomierTdeba me?~ adamianebis Jgufi pasuxobs: `Cven

Kvela gierTdebiT~, _ TiToeuli metKvelis poziciidan es

niSnavs mxolod amas: `memememe gierTdebi da sxvesxvesxvesxvebicbicbicbic (Cemi az-

riT)~ [iesperseni 1958, 220-221]. II piris mravlobiTi ri-

cxvis forma `Tqven~ SeiZleba gulisxmobdes Cveulebriv

mravlobiTs, roca Tqven=Sen+Sen+Sen... an, o. iespersenis


52

terminologiiT, m i a x l o e b i T mravlobiTs, roca

Tqven=Sen+erTi an meti piri, romlebic ar monawileoben sa-

komunikacio aqtSi [iesperseni 1958, 221].

`Cven~ da `Tqven~ piris nacvalsaxelTa amgvari gagebidan

gamomdinare, e. benvenistis azriT, zmnis piri mravlobiTSi

pirs gafarToebulad da difuzurad gamoxatavs [benvenisti

1974, 269]. maT sapirispirod, III pirTan gvaqvs namdvili

zmnuri pluralizmi. swored mesame piri, romelic Tavisi

arsiT arapiria, SeiZleba gamoxatavdes mravlobiTobas, rao-

denobriobas. amitomac, e. benvenistis SexedulebiT, zmnasa

da piris nacvalsaxelebSi mravlobiTi ricxvi imdenad mrav-

lobiTobas ar gviCvenebs, ramdenadac u s a z G v r o b a s.

Sesabamisad, zmnur formaTa daKofa mxoloobiTisa da mrav-

lobiTis formebad xelaxla unda iqnes interpretirebuli

piris kategoriis CarCoebSi s a k u T r i v p i r i s (=mxo-

loobiTi ricxvi) da g a f a r T o e b u l i p i r i s (=mrav-

lobiTi ricxvi) urTierTdapirispirebis safuZvelze [benve-

nisti 1974, 269].

zemoT aGniSnuli msJelobidan gamomdinareobs, rom I

da II piri upirispirdeba III pirs, romelic e. benvenistis

mier arapirad kvalificirdeba, rac sakamaToa. erTi mxriv,

cxadia, rom pirveli da meore pirebi mxolod adamianis

aGmniSvnelia, xolo mesame piri _ adamianisac da

araadamianisac. meore mxriv, pirveli piris simravlis

aGmniSvneli `Cven~ gramatikulad da logikuradac

gulisxmobs memememe (pirveli piri) + sxva pirssxva pirssxva pirssxva pirs, ra Tqma unda,

`sxva adamians~, romelic SeiZleba iKos `Sen~ da `is~. es

kargad Cans im enebSi, sadac inkluzivi da eqskluzivi

garCeulia:

Cven (inkluzivi) = me (pirveli piri) + Sen (meore piri)

= me (pirveli piri) + Tqven (Sen + is)

(mesame piri)


53

= me (pirveli piri) + Tqven (Sen + isini

is (mesame piri) + isini (mesame pirebi)

Cven (eqskluzivi) = me (pirveli piri) + is (mesame piri)

= me (pirveli piri) + isini (is + isini)

(mesame pirebi)

TqvTqvTqvTqvenenenen Sesabamisad iqneba Sen (meore piri) + is (mesame

piri) an isini (is + isini, mesame pirebi). am kombinaciebidan

gamomdinareobs daskvna, rom isisisis (mesame piri) piria,

winaaGmdeg SemTxvevaSi is ver miemateboda pirvel da meore

pirebs da ver Seqmnida mravlobiTi ricxvis nacvalsaxels∗.

naTelia, rom CvenCvenCvenCven, TqvenTqvenTqvenTqven nacvalsaxelebSi moazrebuli

mmmmeeeesamesamesamesame piripiripiripiri iseTive personaluri piria, rogorc, memememe da SenSenSenSen.

magram arsebobs meore kategoriis (Tu rigis) mesame piri,

ufro sworad inpersonaluri piri, romelic, benvenistis

terminologiiT, arapiria. igulisxmeba swored saxelTa is

semantikuri Jgufebi, romlebic adamians ar aGniSnaven.

Sesabamisad nacvalsaxeli isiniisiniisiniisini Tavisi arsiT orgvaria: (1) isini = is (adamiani) + is (adamiani) : mesame piri

(2) isini = is (araadamiani) + is (araadamiani) : mesame arapiri

TavisTavad, isiniisiniisiniisini nacvalsaxelis `ormagi~ buneba kargad

Cans morfosintaqsur doneze. kerZod, usulo saxelebiT

gadmocemuli qvemdebaris ricxvis markireba zmna-Semasmenel-

Si ar xdeba (ix. III Tavi).

Cveni azriT, mesamemesamemesamemesame piris semantikurma `dualizmma~ ga-

napiroba morfologiur doneze ricxvis gamoxatvisas gark-

veuli asimetria, rac kargad gamoCnda megrul-lazuris ma-

galiTzec.

megrul-lazurSi iseve, rogorc qarTulSi, pirpirpirpirveveveveli da li da li da li da

memememeoooore sure sure sure subibibibieqeqeqeqtutututuri piri piri piri pirerererebibibibi mravlobiT ricxvSi markirebu-

lia ----T T T T sufiqsiT Kvela SesaZlo kombinaciaSi: S1O2, S1O3,

∗ msJeloba mogvKavs m. qurdianis recenziidan (ix. xelnaweri recenzia

Cveni sakandidato naSromisa `gramatikuli ricxvis sistema zanurSi~).


54

S2O1, S2O3. es principi erTnairad vrceldeba gardamaval da

gardauval zmnebze I da II seriis mwkrivTa∗ formebSi. vna-

xoT sailustracio masalis mixedviT:

a ) m e g r u l i

awawawawmmmmKKKKoooo: : : : I piI piI piI piriririri ____ Cqi uke uke uke ukeTenTTenTTenTTenT doxorems ngerefi do JoGo-

rems (Kif. 168, 13) `Cven vukeTebT sa-xlebs mglebsa da ZaGlebs~; tKuraT duc(u) ibibibibGGGGoooorenTrenTrenTrenT vara... (sam. 8, 1-4) `tKuilad Tavs vitKuebT, Torem... ~ Teq mufmufmufmufSenTSenTSenTSenT maT, SxvaTi (sam. 83, 60-10), ìq vmuSaobT mec, sxvac~; amxanagi vovovovoreTreTreTreT (xub. 41, 13) àmxanagi varT~...

II piII piII piII piri ri ri ri ____ amxanagef, qaqaqaqaararararwwwwKKKKeTeTeTeT,,,, Karsis muq moxvadˆni (t. I, 281, 397-1) àmxanagebo, xedavT, KarsSi Tu ra moxda~; Cqim ‡orofils veveveve----CiCiCiCinennennennenToToToTo???? (t. I, 251, 130-2) `Cems SeKvare-buls ar icnobT?~ _ musie, patoni kikikiki----TxuTxuTxuTxulenlenlenlenTiTiTiTi-ni CqimiJgura sawKars? (Kif. 4, 20) `_rasaa, batono, rom ekiTxebiT Cem-nair sawKals?~ _ patoni, samagaliTos mimimimirarararagagagagaduTduTduTduT (Kif. 4, 22) `batono, samaga-liTos (`gansacvifrebels~) meubnebiT~; rxamo nu iriririrJJJJeeeebuTbuTbuTbuT (xub. 21, 17) `xamiviT nu iqceviT~...

uwuwuwuwKKKKvevevevetetetetelililili:::: I piI piI piI piriririri _ _ _ _

oyumares gamwˆmorGvandes, uCenias vorvorvorvor----TTTTˆdiTdiTdiTdiT (t. I, 282, 399-19) `diliT wamo-gvKridnen, ùCenias~ vakeTebdiT~; Cqˆ Tu-doleSe momomomofubfubfubfubririririnunnunnunnundiTdiTdiTdiT (xub. 61, 20) `Cven qvemodan movfrinavdiT~; isˆ gefgefgefgefsusususu----renrenrenrendiTdiTdiTdiTˆ do safor dixas fTxorfTxorfTxorfTxorˆndiT ndiT ndiT ndiT

∗ megrul-lazurSi mwkrivTa raodenobis Sesaxeb specialur literatura-

Si azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa [mari 1910, 46, 50-54; KifSiZe 1914, 059; Ciqobava 1936, 154-156; rogava 1953; margvelaSvili 1983; yumburiZe 1986, 131-135]. Cven mogvKavs ZiriTad dro-kiloTa gamomxatveli mwkrivebi.


55

(t. I, 283, 1) ìmas gavistumrebdiT da sa-far miwas (`sangars~) vTxridiT~; yKiSis va noCqvedˆ Cqi dus mimimimiTTTTˆvovovovoxexexexedidididiTi Ti Ti Ti ni... (Kif. 22, 25) `mwKemss ar scodnia, rom Cven TavSi visxediT~...

II piII piII piII piri ri ri ri ____ Tqva mo�naleT qarqarqarqargugugugudidididiTiTiTiTiaaaavovovovo? ? ? ? (xub. 93, 34) `Tqven mosamsaxured (gamo)adgebodi-To?~

mmmmKKKKoooofafafafadi di di di I piI piI piI piri ri ri ri ____

((((srusrusrusrulililili): ): ): ): samangieroT Cqi gagagagaggggˆmomomomoininininwwwwKKKKuuuunTnTnTnT Jgiri oxorus (xub. 84, 25) `samagierod Cven gamogiwKobT karg samosaxlos~; ya xanc va gigigigi‡‡‡‡unanunanunanunanTia Tia Tia Tia (Kif. 105, 6) `cota xans ar wagiKvanTo~; terc sarxoSa vamvamvamvamˆkimkimkimkimyyyyanTanTanTanT, , , , ducu vavavavadobdobdobdobdvanT dvanT dvanT dvanT JveSoburo (sam. 83, 60-15) `mters axlos ar movuSvebT, Tavs ar davdebT Zveleburad~; ukuli aka veveveve----pupupupuaaaafufufufuTi Ti Ti Ti Te oyvali qianasi (t. I, 84, 164-19) `mere ki arc erTi ar viqnebiT am dasawvav qveKanaze~...

II piII piII piII piri ri ri ri _ _ _ _ majira gayirebaSe xolo da da da darsxersxersxersxebabababafufufufuanT anT anT anT Tqvani dusˆ da... (xub. 55, 33) `meore ga-yirvebidanac Tu gamoaxsnevinebT Tqvens Tavs... ~ mara muyo inens Teq dodododo‡‡‡‡vivivivilunT lunT lunT lunT do... (xub. 93, 31) `magram rogorc ki imaT iq moklavT da... ~ Tqva giCqˆna, Tqvani glaxa saqmeT ma Surc va wawawawa----mimimimi‡‡‡‡onenTonenTonenTonenTˆ da do ‡orofilo qiqiqiqiccccxovxovxovxov----renTrenTrenTrenTˆ da (Kif. 79, 9) `Tqven iciT, Tqveni cudi saqmeebiT me suls Tu ar wamixdenT da siKvaruliT Tu icxovrebT~; uremua vamiCqud da amdGa dudududumomomomogugugugururururuananananTo To To To (t. I, 232, 347-28) ùrmis xeloba Tu ar vico-di, dGes SemaswavliTo~...

wwwwKKKKvvvveeeetitititilililili: : : : I piI piI piI piri ri ri ri ____

Jgiri qobali qobqobqobqobZiZiZiZiririririTia Tia Tia Tia Caneli (xub. 20, 22) `kargi puri (`Kana~) vnaxeTo amo-


56

suli~; aTeSeni mimimimivovovovo‡‡‡‡oTiT oTiT oTiT oTiT squa (xub. 93, 32) àmitom davkargeT Svili~; ase, mu-jamc dibrCdibrCdibrCdibrCˆniTniTniTniTˆnnnn((((iiii)))), , , , qinqinqinqinvovovovoliTliTliTliTˆ gonebasˆ (sam. 16, 10-45, 46) àxla, roca davber-diT, CavvardiT gonebaSi~; gvalas miTon-Txorili dˆ do mimimimiTibTibTibTibliT liT liT liT Teqi do qimqimqimqim----TiTiTiTiimwimwimwimwKKKK‹‹‹‹T T T T (Kif. 22, 20) `mTaSi gamoqvabu-li (`gamoTxrili~) iKo da SevediT iq da movewKveT~...

II piII piII piII piriririri3333 _ _ _ _ muSeni inainainaina‡‡‡‡oTiT oTiT oTiT oTiT wKars Tqvani squa? (xub. 93, 31) `ratom CaagdeT wKalSi Tqveni Svili?~ varia, ma gogogogomimimimiteteteteTiaTiaTiaTia,,,, oGond Tqvani raxtis viTojiri fuTiT umondasi, feri dodododomimimimiyyyykakakakadadadadafefefefeiiiiTiaTiaTiaTia (Kif. 105, 16) àrao, me gamiSviTo, oGond Tqvens laxt-ze Tormeti fuTiT meti rom iqneba, ise-Ti gamomiyedeTo~; iri dixaSa gigigigilarlarlarlarTiTTiTTiTTiT,,,, iri qi‡ana diidiidiidiiliTliTliTliT (Kif. 79, 3) `Kvelgan iareT, Kvela qveKana SemoiareT~; _ gokgokgokgok----vavavavaTiT TiT TiT TiT anwi, geggeggeggegˆmimimimiiiiiGGGGiT iT iT iT guri do CxonCxi (Kif. 95, 1) `_gakveTeT awi, gamoitaneT gul-GviZli~; _ mimimimidededede‡‡‡‡oniT oniT oniT oniT maraniSa do qoqoqoqoCiT CiT CiT CiT Gvini (Kif. 20, 24) `waiKvaneT ma-ranSi da daalevineT Gvino~...

IIIIIIII kavkavkavkavSiSiSiSirerererebibibibiTiTiTiTi:::: I piI piI piI piriririri _ _ _ _

xanda vadvadvadvadˆvarvarvarvarkakakakaTiTiTiTi Tesi (sam. 84, 61-10) `Sroma ar davakloT mas~; gegegegeSeSeSeSebbbbGGGGaTaTaTaT Ti uSquri dodododo op op op opyyyykokokokomamamamaTiaTiaTiaTia (xub. 94, 20) àmoviGoT is vaSli da SevyamoTo~; qidqidqidqidˆ----vovovovosorsorsorsorgaTgaTgaTgaT mosavali, ga ga ga gavamvamvamvamdiddiddiddidraTraTraTraT oJaxi do Cqin rinaSi momavali (sam. 84, 61-18) `davaxvavoT mosavali, gavamdidroT oJaxi da Cveni Kofnis momavali~; _ mimimimidavdavdavdavrTaTrTaTrTaTrTaTˆ do qalaqi qiqiqiqiibibibibZiZiZiZirurururuaaaaTiaTiaTiaTia (Kif. 47, 13)

3 megrul-lazurSi am mwkrivis II piris formebi brZanebiTis funqciiT

gamoiKeneba msgavsad qarTulisa.


57

`wavideT da qalaqi vinaxuloTo~... II piII piII piII piri ri ri ri ____ vavavava‡‡‡‡vivivivilaTlaTlaTlaT Tqvani SuriS oCxonafalo (xub.

54, 18) àr moklaT Tqveni sulis sacxo-neblad~; Ti Tqvan Jgˆri faniaSi saxeli vevevevemimimimi‡‡‡‡oTaToTaToTaToTaTˆnininini (sam. 109, 71-25) ìm Tqveni kargi (`bednieri~) oJaxis saxeli ar da-kargoT~; mara TqvaT nu gokona udaCxi-reT dob dob dob dobyyyyvavavavaTin Tin Tin Tin (t. I, 75, 147-15) `magram Tqvenc nu gindaT ucecxlod damwvaT~...

SevniSnavT, rom megrulis saanalizo masalaSi ver movi-

ZieT pirobiTi I da II-is mravlobiTobis magaliTebi, aseve

mKofadusrulisa da pirobiTusrulisa, magram es arsebiTad

arafers cvlis _ I da II piris ricxvi imave ----T T T T sufiqsiT

gamoixateba. amJerad mogvKavs lazuris sailustracio masa-

la:

b ) l a z u r i

awawawawmmmmKKKKoooo: : : : I piI piI piI piri ri ri ri ____

yita mqii ukaukaukaukaTefT TefT TefT TefT do pka pka pka pkannnnkufTkufTkufTkufT (asaT. 138, 88-38) `cota fqvils vuzamT (`gavu-revT~) da vnaKavT~; berefe Squni meqTebi-Se var voS voS voS voSqumTqumTqumTqumT,,,, yara var vovovovozizizizitatatatafamTfamTfamTfamT (Kif. II, 75, 6) `Cvens bavSvebs skolaSi ar vuSvebT, weras ar vaswavliT~; Squ xavi koCefe vovovovoreTreTreTreT (Kif. II, 75, 3) `Cven sxva kacebi varT~; Cqin aSo mgarineri gogogogovuvuvuvu----luTluTluTluT,,,, Juma Cqimi! (Kif. II, 19, 35) `Cven ase tiriliT davdivarT, Cemo Zmao!~

II piII piII piII piri ri ri ri ____ KurZeni im im im imxorTxorTxorTxorT-i Tqvan-�a (Ciq. I, 28, 12) `KurZens yamT Tqvenao!~ Sarabi moT va SufTSufTSufTSufT-�a? (Ciq. I, 28, 13) `SarbaTs ratom ar svamTo?~ Tqvan ia mu kankankankankufTkufTkufTkufT��aaaa???? (kart. 1972, 101, 37) `Tqven amas ras na-KavTo?~ Tqva moT ilililil��afuTafuTafuTafuT arTiqaTis? (Kif. I, 13, V-18) `Tqven ratom TamaSobT erTmaneTTan?~ muyo xaC xaC xaC xaCqumTqumTqumTqumT? ? ? ? (dium. 139,


58

XXXIII-7) `rogor ToxniT?~ Tqvan mu iqomTiqomTiqomTiqomT???? (jG. 19, 18) `Tqven ras akeTebT?~

uwuwuwuwKKKKvevevevetetetetelililili: : : : IIII pipipipiriririri _

vitoxuT koCi vorvorvorvortiTtiTtiTtiT a oxoris (asaT. 117, 12) `TxuTmeti kaci viKaviT erT sa-xlSi~; Cqun hako kai fsfsfsfsqirqirqirqirdudududutiTtiTtiTtiT (jG. 14, 6) `Cven kargad vcxovrobdiT (`vrCe-bodiT~); ukaCxe lazuti dimonyaSkule, dopdopdopdoptatatataxumxumxumxumtiTtiTtiTtiT,,,, godoriT momomomobibibibikikikikidamdamdamdamtiTtiTtiTtiT do fTofTofTofTorumrumrumrumtiTtiTtiTtiT oxoriSa (kart. 1970, 226, 10, 17) `Semdeg, simindi rom moiweo-da, movtexdiT, godriT movikidebdiT da vzidavdiT Sin~; daCxuri bogbogbogbogzamzamzamzamtiTtiTtiTtiT,,,, no-kanCxule memememeptoptoptoptoCumCumCumCumtiTtiTtiTtiT (kart. 1970, 226, 10-14) `cecxls vanTebdiT, nakvercxlebs visrodiT... ~

II piII piII piII piri ri ri ri ____ baba, tokse� nana-kala onJi�es na ipa ipa ipa ipararararamimimimi----TamTamTamTamttttiTiTiTiT............ (dium. 125, XXV-12) `mama, wu-xel dedasTan sawolSi rom laparakob-diT~...

I kavI kavI kavI kavSiSiSiSirerererebibibibiTiTiTiTi:::: I piI piI piI piri ri ri ri ____

Cqin-Ti dixa mo me me me mefCapfCapfCapfCaptaTtaTtaTtaT faraTe (Kif. 6, 6) `Cvenc miwas nu mivcemT (`gavKidiT~) fulze~; bozofes oyaru mo vovovovogugugugurapraprapraptaTtaTtaTtaT!!!! (Kif. 6, 7) `gogoebs wera-kiTxvas nu vas-wavliT~; Cqin yumaniSi-na memememeiiiitaTtaTtaTtaT,,,, si gis-tvinufT (Ciq. I, 79, 21) `Cven xval rom SegxvdeT, Sen dagistvenT~...

wwwwKKKKvevevevetitititilililili:::: I piI piI piI piri ri ri ri ____

Squ (Sku) doloxe dofdofdofdofsqusqusqusqudiTdiTdiTdiT (Kif. 73, 30) `Cven SigniT davrCiT~; momomomo††††TiTiTiTiTuTuTuTu,,,, Ji-ni Txinali qoqoqoqododododofxefxefxefxedidididiTuTuTuTu (kart. 1970, 220, 3-9) `movediT, zemo TxilnarSi da-vsxediT~; langaiSa ficari qeSqeSqeSqeSkekekekebibibibiGGGGiiiiTuTuTuTu,,,, hiq facxafe dodododopipipipiTuTuTuTu (kart. 1970, 220, 3-10) `qarxnidan ficari amovitaneT, iq fa-cxebi gavakeTeT~; nanaTqvaniS buZi fSviTfSviTfSviTfSviT,,,, Juma dodododobibibibiviTviTviTviT-�a (dium. 25, I-208) `dedaT-


59

qvenis ZuZu vwoveT (`davlieT~), Zmebi ga-vxdiTo~; Tqvande-Saqis nako koCi moxTu, iri xolo do do do doboboboboGGGGuuuuririririniTniTniTniT (dium. 25, I-216) `Tqvenamde ramdenic kaci movida, Kvela davxoceT~; Cqin awi duSmanis-na vovovovoJJJJgigigiginiTniTniTniT (Kif. II, 2, 23) `Cven axla mters rom vaJobeT~...

II piII piII piII piri ri ri ri ____ ... ar Tqva dodododolowlowlowlowkekekekediTdiTdiTdiT,,,, beqi qaiSimerT! (kart. 1968, 158, 10) èrTi Tqven Caxe-deT, iqneb amoiGoT~; xCiniq na dolowke-das, nunnunnunnunTxiTTxiTTxiTTxiT do qoqoqoqododododolotlotlotlotkokokokoCiTCiTCiTCiT,,,, dodododogigigigi----biTbiTbiTbiT do su†as qo qo qo qogesgesgesgesvavavavaiTiTiTiT (kart. 1968, 158, 21) `dedaberi rom Caxedavs, hkariT, CaagdeT, moxarSeT da sufraze dadeT~; Tqva daGis koCiS xorci yyyykokokokomiT miT miT miT do ma var momomomomimimimiGGGGiTiTiTiT (dium. 24, I-187, 188) `Tqven tKeSi kacis xorci yameT da me ar momi-taneT~; haq muSen momomomoxTiTxTiTxTiTxTiT????-�a (dium. 25, I-210) àq ratom moxvediTo?~ ha biyi iiii��oniToniToniToniT do Ti noknoknoknokvavavavaTiTTiTTiTTiT!!!! (Kif. I, 9, IV-57) ès biyi waiKvaneT da mokaliT (`Tavi moyeriT~).

II kavII kavII kavII kavSiSiSiSirerererebibibibiTiTiTiTi:::: I piI piI piI piriririri _ _ _ _

ham aGasTi memememebokbokbokbokvavavavaTafaTTafaTTafaTTafaT!!!! (Kif. II, 31, 2) àm batons movayrevinoT (`movakveTi-noT~)~; `Cala dopdopdopdopkokokokororororobabababaTuTuTuTu~-ma... (kart. 1970, 221, 3-26) `Cala movagrovoT-meTqi~; mu iven, maSqiTan nekna-Ti gomgomgomgomwkaTwkaTwkaTwkaT----��aaaa (di-um. 23, I-113) `ra iqneba, meSvide karic rom gavxsnaTo~; ar heq-Ti memememendendendendeboSboSboSboSqvaTqvaTqvaTqvaT (dium. 27, I-329) èrTi iqac gavgzavnoT~; xe do kuCxe okookookookobubububukokokokoraTraTraTraT do zuGas dodododo----loploploploptkotkotkotkoCaTCaTCaTCaT-�a (dium. 102, XIV-30) `xel-fexi SevukraT da zGvaSi gadavagdoTo~...

II piII piII piII piri ri ri ri _ _ _ _ Tqvan va do do do dolowlowlowlowkekekekedaTdaTdaTdaT (kart. 1968, 158, 19) `Tqven ar CaxedoT~; fadiSahiq: `ha�a dodododomimimimixexexexenaTnaTnaTnaT----nananana,,,, bozo meqCaTen-�a (dium. 61,


60

V-81) `xelmwifem: ès rom gamikeToT, go-gos mogcemTo~; var ZiZiZiZiraTraTraTraT----nananana,,,, iri xolo kilaTen (jG. 78, 32) `rom ver naxoT, Kve-la amoxoceT~...

rogorc cnobilia, lazurSi II kavSirebiTis fuZisagan

iwarmoeba mKofadis sami tipi: unonunonunonunon meSvelzmniani xofurSi

(Cxaluri variantiT); ----ereereereere sufiqsiani viwur-arqabulsa da

aTinurSi; ----orenorenorenoren meSvelzmniani arqabulSi.

unonunonunonunon meSvelzmnians amJerad ar SevexebiT, radgan is in-

versiuli zmnebis tips ganekuTvneba da mravlobiTis gamo-

xatvac sxva princips mihKveba. Kvelaze farTo gavrcelebisa

da ZiriTadi tipi mKofadis warmoebisa aris ----ereereereere sufiqsia-

ni. mKofadis formebSi xSiria am sufiqsis cveTa: ----ereereereere||||||||----

rererere||||||||----eeee. . . . rogorc arn. Ciqobava SeniSnavs, xmovnebis Semdeg -rererere

mierTvis zmnas, Tanxmovnebis momdevnod ki ----ereereereere||||||||----eeee gvaqvs.

Tumca, arc Tu iSviaTad, e e e e-s erTvis -nnnn, romlis morfolo-

giuri funqcia g. kartozias azriT, gauCinarebulia, Tumca

arqabulSi dadasturebuli orenorenorenoren daboloeba rererere, enenenen dabo-

loebis paralelurad, afiqrebinebs, rom -nnnn bolokiduri S3-

is niSans warmoadgens [kartozia 2005, 118-119]. mravlobiT

ricxvSi, I da II pirSi, ----ereereereere da ----enenenen sufiqsebis win ricxvis

niSani ----TTTT dgas. rogorc saanalizo masalidan Cans, ----enenenen da-

boloebiani mKofadis formebi ufro arqabulisTvisaa dama-

xasiaTebeli, gansakuTrebiT uxvadaa igi j. diumezilis mier

Caweril arqabul teqstebSi. magaliTad, oxois na ppppyyyykokokokomamamamaTen Ten Ten Ten

muTu var miGunan-�a (dium. 60, V-7) `saxlSi rom vyamoT,

araferi gvaqvso~; hem nTxa-bozo momomomomimimimi��onaonaonaonaTeTeTeTenananana-a (dium. 71,

VII-45) ìs Txa-qaliSvili momiKvaneTo~; TqvaTi Cqimisteri

dGa ZiZiZiZirarararaTen Ten Ten Ten (Kif. I, 13, V-24) `Tqvenc CemisTana dGe naxoT~;

si mu Godare, bozo momomomomCamCamCamCaTenTenTenTen----iiii? ? ? ? (dium. 61, V-78, 79) `Sen

ras izam, gogos mogvcemo?~ ... va-na gza dodododomomomomogugugugurarararaTenTenTenTen-�a

(dium. 25, I-230) `... gza maswavleTo~; Tqva mu GGGGododododaaaaTenTenTenTen, , , , ma

mu bgorum?-�a (dium. 81, IX-92) `Tqven rad gindaT, me ras -


61

veZebo~... ha farafe so bZibZibZibZirarararaTenTenTenTen? ? ? ? (jG. 23, 5) ès fuli sad

vnaxoT?~

----ere suere suere suere sufiqfiqfiqfiqsisisisiaaaani ni ni ni formebi I da II pirSi: xamefe vcavcavcavcadadadadaTeTeTeTe----

re re re re (Kif. II, 76, 22) `danebi vcadoT~; ... ofSa neZi uGuno,

memememevivivivixixixixirarararaTeTeTeTerererere! ! ! ! (Kif. II, 77, 16) `bevri kakali aqvs, movipa-

roT~; aha, e Juma, diJini, Squ-Ti dedededeviviviviJJJJiiiinanananaTeTeTeTerererere! ! ! ! (Kif. II, 84,

17) àba, Zmao, daweqi, Cvenc daviZinoT!~ bozo-moTa Sqimi memememe----

qCaqCaqCaqCaTeTeTeTerererere do duguni papapapaTeTeTeTerererere, , , , bozomoTa i i i i��onaonaonaonaTeTeTeTerererere! ! ! ! (Ciq. II,

98, 23) `Cems SviliSvils mogaTxovebT (`mogcemT~) da qor-

wili gadavixadoT (`vqnaT~), SviliSvili waiKvaneT~...

wKvetilisagan nawarmoebi pipipipirorororobibibibiTi IITi IITi IITi II----isisisis magaliTia: ar

daGi qoqoqoqogegegegefxviTfxviTfxviTfxviTkokokoko,,,, ukaCxe hem daGi daCxuriTo opopopopyyyyviTviTviTviTkokokoko,,,,

ukaCxe dodododofafafafaGGGGiTiTiTiTkokokoko,,,, ukaCxe-Ti do do do dofxaCfxaCfxaCfxaCqiTqiTqiTqiTkokokoko (Kif. II, 55, 3)

èrTi tKe unda gagvekafa, mere unda gadagvewva, Semdeg ga-

gvesufTavebina, mere unda mogveToxna~...

s. jGenti SeniSnavs, rom arqabulSi `rodesac zmnebSi

mravlobiTis maCvenebel TTTT-s mosdevs sxvaTa sitKvis gadmosa-

cemi nawilaki ----��aaaa,,,, TTTT mjGerdeba. mag.: `mo�Gi fara, okookookookobirbirbirbir----

TadTadTadTad-�a~~~~ (11710-9020) moitane fuli, gaviKoTo; `Cqu oCaliSu-

Se m m m meeeebubububuludludludlud~~~~-�a _ Cven samuSaod mivdivarTo; `Tqves: dodododo----

binbinbinbinJJJJiiiiradradradrad-�a~ _ Tqves: daviZinoTo; boboboboxoxoxoxororororonadnadnadnad-�a (teq. 62,

8) vicekvoTo, padpadpadpad-�a (teq. 86, 10) vqnaTo; `forCa momomomo----

mimimimiGGGGidididid~~~~-�a (teq. 62, 10) _ perangi momitaneTo da sxv. ~

[jGenti, 1938, XV]. msgavsi magaliTi Segvxvda sxva teqstSic:

bozoq uwu-qi: do do do dobinbinbinbinJJJJiiiiradradradrad-�a (kart. 1972, 166, 32) `gogom

uTxra davwveTo~...

amrigad, S1 da S2-is erTaderTi markeria ----T T T T sufiqsi

mravlobiT ricxvSi. arqabulSi SeiZleba daCndes -dddd alo-

morfi. rac Seexeba S3-s, misi mravlobiTobis gamoxatva ----an an an an

da ----es es es es formantebs akisria rogorc gardamaval, aseve garda-

uval zmnebSi. maTi ganawileba mwkrivTa mixedviT xdeba, ker-

Zod, awmKo drois formebSi ----an an an an sufiqsi gamoiKeneba, xolo


62

namKo drois mwkrivebSi _ eeeessss sufiqsi. aGsaniSnavia, rom am

morfemebs garkveuli cvlilebebi mosdis rogorc megrul-

Si, aseve lazurSi.

megrulSi, rogorc wesi, an an an an sufiqsis TanxmovniTi ele-

menti dakargulia, Tu mas ar mosdevs kiTxviTi nawilaki ----o o o o

(yarun-an-o? `weren?~), an sxvaTa sitKvis ----iaiaiaia||||||||----ie ie ie ie nawilaki

(yarun-an-ia `wereno~). arcTu iSviaTad ----anananan sufiqsi sruli

saxiTaa warmodgenili do do do do `da~ kavSiris win. mag.: Jari

uCquCquCquCqˆnan nan nan nan do gˆmoCana saqonels (xub. 129, 12) `Sekreba (Kri-

loba) ician da Kidian saqonels~.

aaaa)))) a a a a <<<< ----an suan suan suan sufiqfiqfiqfiqsisisisiaaaani mravni mravni mravni mravlolololobibibibiTis forTis forTis forTis formemememebi mebi mebi mebi megrulgrulgrulgrulSiSiSiSi

awawawawmmmmKKKKoooo:::: Tofi xes ukeukeukeukebubububuna na na na (sam. 112, 73-47) `Tofi xelSi uyiravT~; Cqimi Jimalefi brelcˆ va mumumumu----SeSeSeSena na na na (Kif. 69, 30) `Cemi Zmebi bevrs ar muSao-ben~; boSef gugugugumomomomofufufufuririririnanananana na na na Savardeni-qiricalo (t. I, 153, 123-3) `biyebi Semomcicineben (`maf-rindebian~) qor-SevardeniviT~; na‡ider Cxous yyyyvalvalvalvalˆnannannannan do ogoogoogoogorarararana na na na marduals (t. I, 169, 240-1) `naKid Zroxas wvelian da agineben ga-mzrdels~, mimimiminqinqinqinqilulululuna na na na oykumaliSa (xub. 85, 35) `mieqanebian saymlisaken~; Karulo gu gu gu gurerererena na na na Jima-lefia (xub. 68, 23) `Karaulad ùdganan~ Zme-bio~; cxovcxovcxovcxovrerererenananana didiSe didi cqvafilo (xub. 32, 35] `cxovroben didad sanaqebod~...

mmmmKKKKoooofafafafadidididi:::: Tis raSiS kudels qeqeqeqekakakakakikikikirarararanannannannan do gugugugutetetetena na na na go-laSa (xub. 14, 27) `mas cxenis kudze gamoabamen da gauSveben mTaSi~; aTeJgura ‡udes Tenefi Sxvas xolo gagagagauuuukekekekeTeTeTeTenanananania nia nia nia (xub. 21, 24) àmisTa-na saxls eseni sxvasac gaukeTebeno~; terefi mimimimidamdamdamdamˆGGGGaaaananananania nia nia nia dixas gverdo naSinelc (sam. 90, 65-45) mtrebi wamarTmeveno Kanas, naxevrad da-naSenebuls~; borkis xes qiqiqiqimemememeTxuTxuTxuTxunananana, , , , nTxorilc qiqiqiqinanananabaTbaTbaTbaTququququaaaanananana,,,, oros quqquqquqquqˆToToToTododododoxoxoxoxodddduuuunananana, , , , TuTumc ququququTuTuTuTubaTbaTbaTbaTququququaaaana na na na (t. I, 280, 396-11, 14) `fexebSi (`wvivSi~) xels Caavleben, TxrilSi Caagdeben,


63

(TviTon) CrdilSi dasxdebian, Tambaqos gaabo-leben~; Tiwkˆmava Karulefi gale yaxans qiqiqiqididididi----rurururululululuaaaananananania nia nia nia (xub. 126, 8) `maSin daraJebi ga-reT cota xans daiZinebeno~...

b) ----an suan suan suan sufiqfiqfiqfiqsi si si si lazurlazurlazurlazurSi Si Si Si ucvlelad aris SenarCune-

buli III piris mravlobiTis formebSi:

awawawawmmmmKKKKo o o o ____ sumiq-Ti heq dgidgidgidginannannannan, , , , muTebuaSi zozozozopopopoponan nan nan nan (dium. 117, XX-34) `samive iq dgas (`dganan~), TavisT-vis laparakoben~; nTaros momomomolalalalaxexexexenan nan nan nan (dium. 25, I-199) `TaroSi sxedan~; aTefe memememekikikikirurururufan fan fan fan ... do bozoS oxoriSa memememendulndulndulndulvan van van van (Kif. II, 8, 35) àmaT Sekraven... da qaliSvilis saxlSi wa-vlen~; mykidiSi notexis xCini oxorJalefes okiokiokiokiTxaTxaTxaTxafafafafafan fan fan fan do fuJis qoqoqoqoCaCaCaCafanfanfanfan (Ciq. I, 127, 27) `myadis natexs moxuc qalebs Sealocvine-ben da furs aymeven~; qoqoqoqodoxedoxedoxedoxedudududunan nan nan nan Tonis do GGGGaaaaGGGGaaaalalalalafan fan fan fan (kart. 1972, 115, 1) `dasxdebian ToneSi da laparakoben~; baSqa koCefe iiiiKKKKvevevevenannannannan do qo qo qo qoxoxoxoxowowowowonanananafanfanfanfan (asaT. 213, 126-7) `sxva kacebi iqnebian da mixvdebian~; letefe mu lazuti xaSxaSxaSxaSququququmanmanmanman,,,, brinZi-Ti xaSxaSxaSxaSququququmanmanmanman (Kif. II, 74, 9) `Tavis miwaze siminds Toxnian, brinJsac Toxni-an~; tufeGi qoqoqoqosusususumanmanmanman (jG. 17, 6) ìaraGs wmen-den~;

amrigad, ----an an an an S3-is ricxvis erTaderTi markeria awmKo-

mKofadis mwkrivebSi da Tavisi funqciiT utoldeba qar-

TulSi ----enenenen, , , , ----an an an an morfemebs, romlebic zmnis gardamavlobis

mixedviT nawildebian; amgvari diferenciacia megrul-

lazurSi ar xdeba.

rogorc aGvniSneT, S3-is mravlobiTobis niSani namKo

drois mwkrivebSi aris ----es es es es sufiqsi. kerZod, megrulSi am

morfemiT markirebulia uwKvetlis, xolmeobiTis, pirobiTi

I da II, wKvetilis formebi. unda iTqvas, rom ----es es es es sufiqsis

paralelurad ixmareba ----is is is is formantic. i. KifSiZe am sufiq-

sebs ukavSirebs TiTqos zanurSi arsebul s s s s fuZian meSvel


64

zmnas da wers: `s s s s `существовать~ самостоятельно не употребляет-

ся. От него имеем форму eseseses, , , , resp. isisisis (есть, сущий), сращающуюся с глагольными темами в третем лице прош. несовершенного и аориста~ [KifSiZe 1914, 106]. cnobilia, rom S3-is niSani mxo-

loobiT ricxvSi megrul-lazurSi samia: ssss, , , , nnnn, , , , uuuu. . . . amaTgan u u u u

moudis mxolod namKo drois mwkrivebs. SesaZloa, megrulSi

raGac safexurze gverdigverd ixmareboda III piris niSani da

ricxvis sufiqsic (Sdr. saSual qarTulSi micemiTis S3-is

aGniSvna: -sT). am SemTxvevaSi, Tavs moiKrida ue ue ue ue xmovanTkom-

pleqsi. vfiqrobT, ueueueue→→→→ee ee ee ee fonetikur cvlilebas asaxavs

Semdegi formebi: minilesˆni, qqqqˆmmmmˆlaxlaxlaxlaxvivivivilelelelees es es es arTi dedˆbi

[<*qˆmˆlaxvil-u-es] (Kif. 63, 27) `rom Sevidnen, Sig naxes

erTi dedaberi~; mumasˆ qe qe qe qeSaSaSaSaaaaattttKKKKvivivivineneneneesesesesˆ [<*qeSaatKvin-u-es]

(Kif. 12, 13) `mamas SeatKobines~. Tavis mxriv, S3-is mravlo-

biTobis -isisisis morfemis win daCndeba iiii xmovniTi elementi, ro-

melic SesaZloa mwkrivis niSani iKos. Sdr. I da II piris for-

mebi: gogogogobbbbnwKinwKinwKinwKi `gavxseni~, ibCiibCiibCiibCi `vilaparake~ da a. S. magaliTebi:

TiJgura mocadineq iiii‡‡‡‡iisiisiisiis, , , , wanamowanas Jgiri duqani gogogogo----

gugugugumanmanmanmanwwwwKKKKiiiiis is is is (Kif. 3, 13) ìseTi beJiTebi aGmoCndnen, rom we-

liwadSi kargi duqani gamarTes (`gamoawKves~)~; gedirTes

tarielemqˆ, qigedoxodes muSuSi raSemcˆ, gogogogoururururqiqiqiqiisisisisˆ............ (Kif.

87, 29) àdgnen vajkacebi, dasxdnen TavianT raSebze, gaaye-

nes~; breli iCiiCiiCiiCiis is is is Sxva do Sxva... (Cif. 94, 1) `bevri ilapa-

rakes sxva da sxva~; iSagorili koCefqu gagagagagmigmigmigmiZiZiZiZiis is is is (Kif. 5, 3)

`rCeulma kacebma gamoiZies~; squalenq muma gamkgamkgamkgamk‹‹‹‹rgirgirgirgiis is is is (Kif.

79, 12) `Svilebma mama gamoigloves~; Goberi seriT dodododoxixixixiis is is is

(sam. 89, 65-19) `Gobe GamiT daSales~; e Sxva sinJalemqˆ

geggeggeggegnonononociciciciisisisis~~~~ (Kif. 100, 33) `sxva siZeebi gadaikargnen~; gagagagameemeemeemee----

TxiTxiTxiTxiis is is is arTiansˆ (t. II, 20, 3) `gamoeTxovnen erTmaneTs~... `gegegege----

mimimimiwowowowociciciciisisisisˆ arZoqˆ do qˆmazadesˆ (t. II, 22, 23) `wamocvivda

Kvela da win miegebnen~.

iiiiiiii→→→→iiii/ / / / ‹‹‹‹:::: gaggaggaggagˆmimimimiininininwwwwKKKKisisisisˆ do midarTesˆ gvalaSa (Kif. 56, 10) `gamoewKvnen da wavidnen mTaSi~, aTeneri


65

planiSa ok ok ok okoooocis cis cis cis (xub. 51, 2) àmgvari saxiT dai-Salnen~; TqvTqvTqvTqv‹‹‹‹s s s s sumi xolo Jimalenq (xub. 194, 4) `Tqves samive Zmebma~; Tqvis Tqvis Tqvis Tqvis gˆmaJine kaTaq (xub. 16, 19) `Tqves zedamxedvelma kacebma~; qocqocqocqoc‹‹‹‹s s s s di-naxale abanaSi minJeq do muSi boSenq (xub. 74, 24) `Secvivdnen SigniT abanos patroni da misi biyebi~. . . . .........iCiCiCiC‹‹‹‹ssss yiyexans (t. II, 298, 38) ìsaubres cota xans~. rogorc vxedavT, -isisisis ricxvis alomorfi gvaqvs mxolod wKvetilis mwkrivSi gansxvavebiT -eseseses sufiqsisagan, romelic uwKvetelsa da wKvetilSi Tanabrad ixmareba.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom megrulSi S3-is ricxvis niSani { -

es} warmodgenilia /-es/ da /-is/ alomorfebiT, Tumca am uka-

nasknelis xvedriTi wili minimaluria. { -es} morfemas mKari

pozicia aqvs rogorc gardamaval, aseve gardauval zmnebTan.

sailustracio masala:

a ) g a r d a m a v a l i z m n e b i

uwuwuwuwKKKKveveveveteteteteli li li li ____ osursquas aTxinaTxinaTxinaTxindesdesdesdes do ykors ababababziziziziTenTenTenTendededede----sisisisiiiiinininini (t. I, 289, 411-12) `qaliSvils aTxo-vebdnen da Kmas mziTevSi atandnen~; sumi-xolos pilpilpilpilˆnnnndesdesdesdesˆ wardgena do CiniSeni (t. I, 276, 386-9) `samives gvklavdnen Cin-me-dlebisTvis~; sosososofunfunfunfundesdesdesdesˆ yafuriasˆ, gigigiginanananaaaaa----fifififinannannannandesdesdesdesˆ tkilcˆ, oxuoxuoxuoxumumumumuanananandesdesdesdesˆ (Kif. 56, 14) `krefdnen balaxs (`xevdnen yiafers~), gadaafarebdnen tkils da axmobdnen...~ imi sercˆ ndemefi va mmmmˆSaSaSaSaaaaaTiTiTiTinannannannandesdesdesdesˆ (Kif. 55, 11) ìm Games devebi ver bedavdnen Se-svlas... ~

wwwwKKKKvevevevetitititili li li li ____ muyoTi qigqigqigqigŠŠŠŠgogogogones nes nes nes Tena squalenqˆ ni, sum-xoloq mmmm‹‹‹‹ndondondondomes mes mes mes ogurafuSa ula (Kif. 7, 14) `rogorc ki gaigones es Svilebma, sami-vem moindoma saswavleblad wasvla~; ... yi-ye sarwumalo quuquuquuquu‡‡‡‡ides ides ides ides mumalefq Tinefs savayroTi (Kif. 3, 11) `cota ram wvrilma-


66

ni uKides mamebma vayrobis dasawKebad~; xorcielo ororororyyyyoooofesfesfesfes, , , , iSo geggeggeggegˆmormormormorCeCeCeCesiasiasiasia............ (sam. 75, 52, 16) `cocxlad SegipKres, Ta-nac gagKideso~; gokgokgokgokvavavavaTTTTeseseses uSquri do ooooyyyy----kokokokomesmesmesmes (xub. 69, 32) `gayres vaSli da Seya-mes~; qimqimqimqim‹G‹G‹G‹Ges es es es oqro do qqqqˆddddaaaarrrrGGGGvesvesvesves oxvames (xub. 73, 2) `moitanes oqro da daKares sa-mlocveloSi~; menZeli qqqqˆmimimimiyyyyaaaanesnesnesnesˆ do do-xuna isisisisxuxuxuxunesnesnesnesˆ (sam. 92, 66-11) `maspinZeli moixmes da dasxdoma arCies~... b ) g a r d a u v a l i z m n e b i

rogorc cnobilia, /-es/ S3-is ricxvis aGmniSvnelia qar-

TulSic, magram Tanamedrove saliteraturo qarTul enaSi

mxolod gardamaval zmnebs SemorCaT es daboloeba, xolo

gardauval zmnebSi misi adgili daikava ////----nennennennen/ / / / daboloebam.

Tumca ----eseseses niSani SeiZleba Segvxvdes `gardamavalTagan gamo-

sul gardauval zmnebSi celqobs-icelqebs tipisa~ [SaniZe

1980, 178]. megrulSi, aseve lazurSic, ----es es es es morfema ganzoga-

debulia _ Tanabrad moudis rogorc moqmedebiTi, aseve

vnebiTi da saSuali gvaris zmnebs. am principiT is uaxlov-

deba Zvel qarTuls, sadac ----eseseses morfemas aseve ganzogadebu-

li funqcia hqonda.

magaliTebi m e g r u l i d a n :

uwuwuwuwKKKKvevevevetetetetelililili ____ Citefi iiiiyyyyˆrrrryyyyininininˆdes des des des (sam. 51, 39-26) `Ci-tebi jGurtulebdnen~; dapeJebuli suma-refi muSuS ‡uCa iriririrTuTuTuTuuuuudesdesdesdesˆ (sam. 51, 39-27) `dapatijebuli stumrebi TavianT sa-xlSi brundebodnen~; sumi dGa do sers qorqorqorqorkikikikinenenenebubububulenlenlenlendesdesdesdesˆ (Kif. 81, 14) `sami dGe da Game yidaobdnen~; daTa do muSi Jimalefi ororororJJJJgigigiginannannannandes des des des da... (Kif. 16, 33) `daTa da misi Zmebi Tu aJobebdnen~... si-mindiS gamdidrebuli kaTa izindizindizindizindˆndes ndes ndes ndes oyiSis (t. I, 193, 293-26) `simindiT ga-mdidrebuli xalxi iyimebodnen welSi~...


67

wwwwKKKKvevevevetitititili li li li ____ cirenq kisers qeqeqeqeiiiiTaTaTaTaZZZZGGGGiriririrkeskeskeskes, , , , qeqeqeqeiiiiTaTaTaTa----GGGGuuuurJrJrJrJooooles les les les (xub. 5, 7) `qaliSvilebi Kel-ze Camoekidnen, Semoexvivnen~; qekqekqekqek‰‰‰‰yyyyiiiiSes Ses Ses Ses Te boSenq Te monadires Saras (xub. 65, 17) `daewivnen es biyebi am monadires gzaze~; zGvapiJˆSa ggggˆSeSeSeSelesleslesles do qeqeqeqeSexSexSexSexvavavava----des des des des mekares (sam. 97, 66-208) `zGvispiras amovidnen da Sexvdnen meJoges~; boSemqˆ ‡uJi gagagagaacacacacqviqviqviqviririririnesnesnesnesˆ (Kif. 93, 18) `biyebma Kuri cqvites~...

pipipipirorororobibibibiTi II Ti II Ti II Ti II ____ duuCinˆ ndemefcˆ muSi dorTaSa u u u uKKKKaaaarurururu----leslesleslesˆkokokoko ni do uuuuJJJJiiiinesnesnesnesko ko ko ko ni (Kif. 65, 5) `daubara devebs, rom mis mobrunebamde unda eKaraulaT da eKurebinaT~; oko giagiagiagia‡‡‡‡unesunesunesunesˆkokokoko-ni, gaamaTxozˆ ndemiSi nau-lercˆ (Kif. 64, 31) ùnda midevneboda da miuKva devis nakvalevs~; xolo sumi qa-laqefiSa oko ikiikiikiikileslesleslesˆkokokokoni ni ni ni (Kif. 4, 30) `kidev sam qalaqSi unda asuliKvnen~; ... oko uuuuJJJJiiiinesnesnesnesˆko ko ko ko ni ndemiSi mordiliSi mu-ulasˆ (Kif. 64, 29) ùnda dalodebodnen devis gazrdilis mosvlas~...

aqve moviKvanT lazurlazurlazurlazurisisisis sailustracio masalas:

uwuwuwuwKKKKveveveveteteteteli li li li ____ muxarebeSe-na muitu, qartalefe, gzas yyyyoooofupfupfupfuptes tes tes tes duSmanefeq (Kif. II, 11, 24) `muxarebedan rom agzavnidnen, im weri-lebs gzaSi iyerdnen mtrebi~; mehmed-fa-Sas muTu va kikikikiTxupTxupTxupTxuptes tes tes tes (Kif. II, 11, 24) `mehmed-faSas arafers ar ekiTxebodnen~; em zamaniSi koCefeq emuTe iqipiqipiqipiqiptestestestes kabGa (Kif. II, 12, 20) àxlandeli kacebi imiT omobomobomobomobdnen dnen dnen dnen (`Svrebodnen~ oms)~; ukule momomomo----iiiites tes tes tes oxoriSa, Jari imimimimxorxorxorxortestestestes, , , , ukaCxe iiiixxxx----oooororororonamnamnamnamtttteseseses,,,, zurna ooooyyyyanananandidididinamnamnamnamtestestestes,,,, dauli-Ti me me me meCamCamCamCamtestestestes,,,, oxorzalefe tratratratraGGGGoooodamdamdamdamtestestestes (kart. 1970, 225, 10-9, 10) `mere modiod-


68

nen Sin, saymels yamdnen, Semdeg cekvav-dnen, zurnas ayKvitinebdnen, dolsac uk-ravdnen, qalebi mGerodnen~; eSkiafe zen-gini koCefe numnumnumnumCiCiCiCinamnamnamnamtestestestes,,,, qartali nunnunnunnunyyyyaaaa----ramramramramtestestestes (kart. 1970, 226, 10-32) `KaCaGebi mdidrebs SeuTvlidnen, werils miswer-dnen~;

wwwwKKKKvevevevetitititili li li li ____ oTxeneC asqeri-koCefeq sultani qaqaqaqanaSnaSnaSnaSqves qves qves qves do sarfiSa qoqoqoqomoxmoxmoxmoxTes Tes Tes Tes (Kif. II, 3, 28) òTxmocma Jariskacma sulTani waimZGvara da sarfSi movidnen~; sum wanaSqule papa-fes jur wana, sum wana Jeza qoqoqoqomemememeCesCesCesCes (Kif. II, 5, 29) `sami wlis Semdeg mGvdlebs ori weli, sami weli sasJeli misces~; be-refeq meqTebes mu ZiZiZiZiresresresres, , , , mu iki iki iki ikiTxesTxesTxesTxes, , , , ia iiiiKKKKves ves ves ves (Kif. II, 6, 2) `bavSvebma skolaSi rac naxes, rac iswavles, is gaxdnen~; ma haq qoqoqoqododododololololomimimimitatatatales les les les (dium. 168, LV-74) `me aq damtoves~; eSk�afeq gomgomgomgomCvesCvesCvesCves, , , , faa memememendendendendemimimimiGGGGes es es es (Ciq. II, 97, 24) `KaCaGebma ga-mZarcves, fuli wamarTves~; xoJefe-Ti qoqoqoqo----doddoddoddodgigigigiTes Tes Tes Tes (Ciq. I, 16-13) `xarebic Se-dgnen~...

lazurSi S3-is mravlobiTobis ----es es es es formants sxvadasxva

saxis fonetikuri cvlileba mosdis. cnobilia, rom lazur-

Si �� Sedegia iiii-s dasustebisa, an refleqsia rrrr, , , , uuuu, , , , KKKK ( ( ( (‡‡‡‡)))) bge-

rebisa [Ciqobava 1936, 13; quTelia 1985]. aGsaniSnavia, rom

g. kartozias mier 1970 wels Caweril aTinur teqstebSi ��

iyers ----eseseses morfemis TanxmovniTi elementis adgils, anu ssss

bgeris refleqsadac gvevlineba eseseses>>>>eeee��,,,, mag.: zengini diediediedie�� hi-

ni (kart. 223, 7, 5) `gamdidrnen (`mdidari gaxdnen~) isini~;

Squ bitiTuSa lazuti var uuuuGGGGururururtetetete�� (219, 1-9) `Cven rom

mivdiodiT, simindi ar hqondaT~; arhave milleTi muaJiri

memememendaxndaxndaxndaxtetetete�� (kart. 220, 3, 7) àrqabeSi xalxi muhaJirad wavi-

da (`wavidnen~); aCiGi va gagagagamemememeiiiiGGGGamamamamtetetete��, , , , aSaSaSaSququququririririnernernernertetetete�� (kart.


69

219, 1-9) àSkarad ar gamohqondaT, eSinodaT~; hini lazuti

ququququGGGGururururtetetete�� (kart. 219, 1-8) `maT simindi hqondaT~.

aGsaniSnavia, rom aTinurisTvis damaxasiaTebeli S3-is

eseseses>>>>eeee��procesi bunebrivia kaxuri dialeqtisaTvis, sadac h

da s bgerebis refleqsia rogorc piris niSnebSi, aseve mi-

cemiTi da naTesaobiTi brunvis formantebSic [JorbenaZe

1989, 315-316]. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ukiduresi dasavluri

qvesistema (lazuri) da aGmosavluri qvesistema (kaxuri)

erTgvarovani procesebis maCvenebelia.

s. jGents SeniSnuli aqvs micemiTi brunvis niSnis ----ssssɅs

asimilacia (gamjGereba) sxvaTa sitKvis ��aaaa----ssss darTvis dros.

mag. qorbaz-�a ← qorbas-�a `mucelso~, ar nJaz-�a ← ar

nJas-�a èrT xeso~ da sxv. [jGenti 1938, XV]. amgvari gamjGe-

reba SeiZleba mouvides ----es es es es sufiqsis Tanxmovansac ��a a a a nawi-

lakis darTvisas eseseses>>>>ezezezez. . . . mag.: veziefes va aaaaJJJJgigigigineznezneznez��a a a a do qe-

loGlani min ienia (kart. 1972, 158, 28) `vezirebi ver moe-

rivneno (àJobes~) da qeloGlani vin ariso~; uCquris efTi

do Cqari var SeSeSeSemimimiminanananaxezxezxezxez----��aaaa (jG. 84, 24) `vaSlis xeze avedi

da araferi ar Seminaxeso~; kuyiuinaq nana sqaniSi g�ari mu-

yo mimimimixexexexeneznezneznez----��a a a a (jG. 60, 17) `kuyuinam dedaSenis saymeli ro-

gor gagvikeTao~...

lazurSi `rom~, `roca~ kavSirebis rols asrulebs ----Si Si Si Si

nawilaki, romelic mierTvis zmnis pirian formas [Ciqobava

1936, 185]. Tu es nawilaki aGmoCnda ----es es es es ricxvis formantis

momdevnod, s s s s Tanxmovani ikargvis: eseseses>>>>eeee magaliTad:

ipaipaipaipararararamimimimiTamTamTamTamtetetete----Si Si Si Si < ipa ipa ipa ipararararamimimimiTamtTamtTamtTamt----eseseses----SiSiSiSi: : : : hanTefeq iparami-

Tamte-Si oxoiSe ar alaJakli qomoxTu (dium. 93, XII-171)

èseni rom laparakobdnen, saxlSi erTi mevale movida~;

didididigugugugurererere----SiSiSiSi < didididigurgurgurgur----eseseses----SiSiSiSi:::: CiraGefeq mundes zanaxaTi

digure-Si hemoras doGurinu (dium. 99, XIII-39) `Segirdebma

roca xeloba/xelosnoba iswavles, im dros mokla~;

dadadadayyyykinkinkinkindededede----SiSiSiSi < da da da dayyyykindkindkindkind----eseseses----SiSiSiSi: : : : daykinde-Si babamuSiq mu-


70

amedis uwu-doren (dium. 122, XXIII-3) `rom dayres, mamamiss

muhamedisTvis uTqvams~...

zogJer ----SiSiSiSi nawilaks mosdevs ----ukuukuukuukulelelele||||||||----kukukukulelelele `Semdeg~

Tandebuli da viGebT SkuSkuSkuSkule le le le daboloebas: qogqogqogqog��ooooyyyykekekeke----SSSS----kukukukule le le le

< qog qog qog qog��ooooyyyykkkk----eseseses----SkuSkuSkuSkulelelele:::: muxarebes (kabGas) qog�oyke-S-kule,

mTelis uGutes CaqmaGoni tu†eGi (Kif. 12, 17) `muxarebeSi

omis dawKebis Semdeg (`rom daiwKes Semdeg~), Kvelas hqonda

iaraGi~;

ideideideideɅɅɅɅSSSS----ququququlelelele < idididid----eseseses----SSSS----ququququlelelele:::: haSofeTe dido gzas

ideɅS-qule ar badi qonages (jG. 27, 5) `amgvarad gzas rom

daadgnen, Semdeg SemoxvdaT erTi moxuci~; ide-ide-S-qule

xolo ar GeJi qoZires (Kif. 36, 31) `rom iares, iares, Sem-

deg erTi Gori naxes~;

qoqoqoqododododogugugugurererere----SkuSkuSkuSkule le le le < qoqoqoqododododogurgurgurgur----eseseses----SkuSkuSkuSkulelelele: : : : divefeq gza

qodogure-Skule go�qTes-doren (dium. 26, 1-251) `devebma

gza rom iswavles, Semdeg mobrunebulan~...

masalidan Cans, rom ----es es es es > > > > ----eeee procesi arqabulisTvis

aris damaxasiaTeabeli, gansakuTrebiT uxvadaa diumezilis

arqabul teqstebSi.

Segvxvda eseseses > eSeSeSeS procesis magaliTic aseve ----SiSiSiSi nawila-

kis gavleniT (asimilacia): †exri, Suqri do axmedi JameSen

oxoriSa iSiiSiiSiiSiteSteSteSteS----SiSiSiSi (Ciq. I, 55, 14) `fexri, Suqri da axmedi

Jamedan saxlSi rom midiodnen~...

amrigad, lazurSi ----es es es es mravlobiTobis sufiqsi SeiZleba

Segvxvdes Semdegi saxecvlilebiT: ----eeee��, , , , ----ezezezez, , , , ----eSeSeSeS, , , , ----eeee. . . .

rogorc vxedavT, megrulsa da lazurSi namKo drois

mwkrivebSi S3-is ricxvis gamoxatva xdeba { -es} morfemiT. ro-

gorc { -an}, aseve { -es} morfemaTa ganawilebisas mniSvneloba

ara aqvs zmnis gardamavlobasa Tu gvars, anu qarTulisebu-

ri diferenciacia (-an _ -en; -es _ -nen) megrul-lazurSi

ar xdeba.

zanurSi didi adgili uyiravs kavSirebiTis, anu na-


71

tvriTi kilos formebs. ra aris S3-is ricxvis niSani am

mwkrivebSi? i. KifSiZe megrulSi natvriTi (awmKos kavSire-

biTi da mKofadis kavSirebiTi) da II kavSirebiTis formebze

msJelobisas aGniSnavs, rom `в 3-м лице ед. ч. a присоединяется

суффиксь s(i), а во мн. ч. — n(i)~ [KifSiZe 1914; 067; 065]. Sesa-

bamisad, uGlebis paradigmebSi III piris formebi Semdegi sa-

xiTaa Setanili: dvan-da-n(i), yarun-da-n(i), ogoran-da-n(i)...

----nnnn sufiqsi istoriulad momdinareobs ----anananan sufiqsisagan, ro-

melic kavSirebiTi kilos ----aaaa---- sufiqsis gavleniT kargavs

xmovans _ es procesi erTnairad ganviTarda megrul-lazur-

Si. amis gaTvaliswinebiT arn. Ciqobava kavSirebiTis formeb-

Si S3-is ricxvis niSnad ----an an an an sufiqss asaxelebs [Ciqobava

1936; 140, 142]. al. oniani III subieqturi anu `savaldebu-

lo~ piris niSnebad mravlobiTSi megrulisTvis gamoKofs /-

an/, /-a/, /-n/ da /-es/ sufiqsebs da aGniSnavs: `////----anananan/, //, //, //, /----aaaa//// alo-

morfebi TanxmovanTa momdevnod dasturdebian, xolo ////----nnnn//// _

xmovnis momdevnod, amdenad, maT ganawilebaSi fonologiuri

pozicia iGebs monawileobas~ [oniani 1978, 74]. Cveni mxriv,

aGvniSnavdiT, rom megrulSi fofofofononononolololologigigigiuuuuradradradrad Sepirobebuli

alomorfebia: ////----aaaa////, , , , ////----anananan////, , , , ////----eseseses////, , , , ////----isisisis////,,,, xolo lazurSi _ ////----eseseses////, , , ,

////----eeee��////, , , , ////----ezezezez////, , , , ////----eeee//// sufiqsebi. rac Seexeba ////----nnnn//// sufiqss, is momomomo----

rforforforfononononolololologigigigiuuuurad rad rad rad Sepirobebulia, radganac an an an an > > > > nnnn procesi

ganxorcielda morfemaTa _ kavSirebiTi kilos ----aaaa sufiqsisa

da ricxvis ----anananan morfemis _ zGvarze. es procesi mTlianad

gavrcelda megrul-lazurze da, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sin-

qroniul doneze uGlebis paradigmaSi ----n n n n sufiqss Tavisi

mKari adgili aqvs:

moviKvanT sailustracio masalas:

II kav II kav II kav II kavSiSiSiSirerererebibibibiTis forTis forTis forTis formemememebibibibi

m e g r u l S i _ do uzoJˆ muSi Jarc zGvapiJiTˆ didididikikikiki----nananananininini,,,, xmelo geggeggeggegˆnonononoCoCoCoCoCaCaCaCanininini do ‡uleT


72

zGvaSa iniiniiniinilalalalanininini... (sam. 103, 66, 457-460) `da ubrZana Tavis Jars, zGvispi-reTiT daixion, xmeleTze gaiCoCon da KuleviT zGvaSi Cavidnen~... munefiSi mamulˆSeni geg geg geg gegˆmirCqimirCqimirCqimirCqinananananininini qomoloba (sam. 101, 66-369) `Tavisi mamulisTvis gamoiCinon vajkacoba~; wKari qoCi, wo-xoleni kuCxefi va didididiSoSoSoSolanlanlanlanˆ ni, TeSi (Kif. 8, 33) `wKali daalevine, wina fe-xebi rom ar daisvelon ise~...

l a z u r S i _ oGarGalu musaibeTiS-kule delikan-lefe majurani odaSa onJiruSa ig ig ig igzazazaza----lanlanlanlan (Kif. 9, 24) `Kuranze saubris Sem-deg gmirebi sxva oTaxSi dasaZineblad wavidnen~; qamewilufan do sum dGa ug�aelefeq ququququimimimimxoxoxoxonannannannan (kart. 1972, 87, 9) `dakrifon da sami dGis uymelebma Seyamon~; noGamisaSi koCefeq, Jumale-feq ak ak ak akvavavavanannannannan baxCiSi! (Ciq. I, 133, 25) `patarZlis moKvrebma (`kacebma~), Zmeb-ma moutanon saCuqari~; baba! enTefes uwvi do so-Ti e koCi oxoi CqiniSa varvarvarvar----munmunmunmundidididiKKKKoooonannannannan!!!! (Ciq. I, 21-16) `mama! amaT uTxari da... es kaci Cvens saxlSi ar waiKvanon~.

amrigad, sinqroniul doneze megrul-lazur zmnaSi su-

bieqturi piris mravlobiTobis gamoxatva xdeba Semdegi su-

fiqsebiT: I da II pirebisTvis _ ----TTTT morfema; III pirisTvis _

----anananan, , , , ----eseseses, , , , ----nnnn sufiqsebi. am ukanasknelTa ganawileba xdeba

mkacrad daculi kanonzomierebiT: ----anananan _ awmKosa da mKofad-

Si; ----eseseses _ uwKvetelSi, wKvetilsa da pirobiTis mwkrivebSi;

----nnnn _ I da II kavSirebiTebSi. rogorc r. asaTiani aGniSnavs,

`I da II piris saxelebi pirisa da ricxvis aGniSvnis Tval-

sazrisiT funqcionalurad Tanabari Zalisani arian da upi-

rispirdebian III piris saxels, romelic am TvalsazrisiT


73

ufro SezGudulia, damatebiT pirobebs moiTxovs da ierar-

qiulad ufro dabal safexurze mdebareobs~ [asaTiani 1999,

20]. amgvar dapirispirebas kargad warmoaCens mravlobiTo-

bis markerebi, romlebic ase SeiZleba Caiweros:

{----TTTT} [ [ [ [IIII, , , , IIIIIIII]]]] ~ [ [ [ [IIIIIIIIIIII] ] ] ] {----anananan ∞∞∞∞ ----eseseses ∞∞∞∞ ----nnnn} ricxvis niSanTa ganawilebis amgvari modeli morfolo-

giur doneze svanurSic gvaqvs: ----d d d d [[[[IIII, , , , IIIIIIII]: []: []: []: [IIIIIIIIIIII] ] ] ] ----xxxx. saerTod,

qarTvelur enebSi subieqturi piris ricxvis gamoxatvis er-

Tiani principia gatarebuli _ sufiqsTa saSualebiT gaimiJ-

nos erTmaneTisagan komunikaciis aqtSi monawile pirebi [I,

II] da aramonawile pirebi [III] [asaTiani 1999, 26], magram me-

grul-lazurSi es diqotomia daculia obieqturi piris ri-

cxvis gamoxatvis drosac. swored es Tavisebureba iqneba

Cveni Semdgomi msJelobis sagani.

$ $ $ $ 6666. . . . obieqturi piris ricxvis gamoxatvaobieqturi piris ricxvis gamoxatvaobieqturi piris ricxvis gamoxatvaobieqturi piris ricxvis gamoxatva

I da II seriis formebSiI da II seriis formebSiI da II seriis formebSiI da II seriis formebSi

specialur literaturaSi aGniSnulia, rom axal

saliteraturo qarTulSi obieqturi uGvlilebis sistemaSi

moxda cvlilebebi: 1. pirdapiri obieqtis aGniSvnis Zveli

sistema moiSala; 2. pirveli obieqturi piris (rogorc pir-

dapiris, aseve iribis) mravlobiToba mkvidrad aGiniSneba

gvgvgvgv- prefiqsiT; 3. meore obieqturi piris mravlobiTobas

gamoxatavs -TTTT sufiqsi. rac Seexeba mesame obieqtur pirs,

pirdapiri wKobis dros zmnebSi misi mravlobiToba ZiriTa-

dad ar aGiniSneba, Tumca zogierT dialeqtSi aris tenden-

cia aGiniSnos -TTTT sufiqsiT [Ciqobava 1968, 276-277]. ufro

metic, mravlobiTobis ----T T T T morfema sul ufro dabeJiTebiT

ikavebs ----KKKKeeee||||||||----ke ke ke ke formantis pozicias, romelic zogierT da-

savlur da aGmosavlur dialeqtebSi II da III obieqturi pi-

ris mravlobiTobis gamomxatveli iKo [qavTaraZe 1974, 229;

JorbenaZe 1989, 328-329; meliqiSvili 1988, 77-78]. am ten-


74

denciam Tavi iCina qarTul saliteraturo enaSic ukve XI s-

dan [sarJvelaZe 1984, 568], gansakuTrebiT fexi moikida me-

16 s-dan istoriul sabuTebSi [surmava 1989] da TvalsaCi-

noa Tanamedrove qarTvel mweralTa enaSic [kiknaZe 1987].

rogorc vxedavT, qarTulSi obieqtis simravlis gamo-

xatvis sistemaSi didi gardatexa moxda da Zveli ----enenenen-iani

modeli Seicvala axliT (gvgvgvgv----; ; ; ; ----TTTT). rogoria viTareba me-

grul-lazurSi? pirvel rigSi, zanuris Taviseburebas gana-

pirobebs is faqti, rom gvgvgvgv---- prefiqsis kvali zanurSi ar

Cans, rac erTxel kidev adasturebs imas, rom mravlobiTo-

bis aGniSvna am morfemisTvis meoreulia [Ciqobava 1946,

123; SaniZe, 1980, 169; oniani 1978, 236-239]. obieqtis mrav-

lobiTobis aGsaniSnavad megrul-lazurSi igive morfemebia

gamoKenebuli, rac subieqtTan: ----anananan, , , , ----nnnn, , , , ----eseseses, , , , ----TTTT,,,, magram TiTo-

euli maTganis gamoKenebisas mkacri kanonzomierebaa dacu-

li, rac ori faqtoriTaa ganpirobebuli: 1. obieqturi pi-

ris romloba; 2. subieqturi piris romloba da misi kombi-

naciebi obieqtur pirTan.

(I) modeli, romelic gamoikveTeba megrul-lazurSi, da-

kavSirebulia subieqturi da obieqturi pirebis Semdeg kom-

binaciebTan: S1O2;;;; S2O1. am SemTxvevaSi O1 da O2-is mravlobi-

Toba gamoixateba ----TTTT sufiqsiT (rogorc pirdapiri, aseve

iribi obieqtisa). magaliTad:

aaaa)))) O1 da da da da O2 ri ri ri ricxvis gamocxvis gamocxvis gamocxvis gamoxatxatxatxatva va va va m em em em e g r u lg r u lg r u lg r u l S iS iS iS i

S2Opl

1 ____ CqiTi koCi voreTˆ do nˆmˆ bbbbGGGGoooolanTlanTlanTlanT codaSi ga-didebasia (Kif. 158, 18) `Cvenc kacni varT da nu `gvizamT~ codvis gadidebasao~; sqani meti miTa punania do si xolo mimimimidindindindinˆTiaTiaTiaTia (Kif. 235, 19) `Sens meti aravin gvKavso da Senc gvekarge-bio~; mioJini sqani Goronsˆ do si d d d dˆmamamamazezezezeeeeeTiaTiaTiaTia (Kif. 44, 5) `Sexede Sens GmerTs da dagvazave~; ddddˆmarmarmarmarTiTTiTTiTTiTˆ si ukulia do arTo miibSaTia (Kif. 64, 21) `dagvibrundi mere Sen da erTad wavide-


75

To~... S1O

pl2 _ gayirebas mumumumugogogogoSiSiSiSinanTnanTnanTnanT Cqimi guri xaSiliTi (t. I,

168, 132-3) `gayirvebas mogaxsenebT Cemi dardia-ni (`moxarSuli~) guliT~; ma Tqva mujans qorqorqorqorZiZiZiZi----riTriTriTriTˆnnnn, , , , xeTe qiqiqiqimemememe‡‡‡‡oroorooroorofiTfiTfiTfiT (t. I, 155, 137-3) `roca me Tqven gnaxeT, maSinve SemiKvardiT~; ma gagagagagigigigigogogogoniTniTniTniTˆ do daCxiri akoakoakoakogirgirgirgirziTziTziTziT (Kif. 8, 28) `me gagigoneT da cecxli daginTeT~; arTis dodododo----gigigigiCiCiCiCinannannannanTiaTiaTiaTia do Tqva giCqˆnania SiasrulenTia da... (Kif. 26, 25) èrT rames dagibarebT da Tqven iciTo, rogor SeasrulebTo!~

bbbb) ) ) ) O1 dadadada O2----is riis riis riis ricxvis gamocxvis gamocxvis gamocxvis gamoxatxatxatxatva va va va l a z u rl a z u rl a z u rl a z u r S iS iS iS i

S2Opl

1 _ ham oxorJas uwves `g�ai dodododomimimimixexexexenamnamnamnamTiaTiaTiaTia????~~~~ (kart. 1972, 161-10) àm qals uTxres: `saymels gagvike-Tebo?~ Cqu mendebiGaTen-�a, si heSo mememememamamamaTxoTxoTxoTxozazazaza----TeTeTeTe----a a a a (jG. 57, 11) `Cven waviGebTo, Sen kidev da-gvedevneo~; Cqin-na aq bZibZibZibZiriTriTriTriT, miTikala var Tqva (Ciq. I, 46, 26) `Cven rom aq gvnaxe, aravisTan ar Tqva~; Cqun mimimimiwwwwviTviTviTviT do Cqun-Ti bxaCqaTen (jG. 6, 21) `Cven gviTxari da Cvenc davToxniT~. Cqun mis mememememiSqmiSqmiSqmiSqviTviTviTviT,,,, xasani Cqimi! (jG. 10, 1) `Cven vis Segvatove, Cemo xasan!~

S1Opl

2 _ hawi ma bidare, g�ari momomomogigigigiGGGGaaaaTen Ten Ten Ten (jG. 61, 8) àx-la me waval, saymels mogitanT~; ma oSkuri dededede----gigigigibbbbGGGGaaaaTeTeTeTerererere, , , , ma-Ti miSinaxiT! va miSinaxaT-na, du-di memememegikgikgikgikvavavavaTaTaTaTaTeTeTeTerererere! ! ! ! (Kif. 80, 15) `me vaSls Camo-giKriT, mec SeminaxeT, Tu ar SeminaxavT, Tavs mogyriT!~ yita �aqini ZiuSi, `beefe qoqoqoqogekgekgekgekyyyyiiii----SiTSiTSiTSiT��aaaa~~~~ do uJoxu (kart. 1968, 159, 47) `cota axlos rom naxa, `bavSvebo, dagewieTo~ da dauZa-xa~; ama ma Tqva qodoqodoqodoqodogogogogoguguguguamT amT amT amT (kart. 1972, 174, 5) `magram me Tqven gaswavliT~; hawi nTaros doqdoqdoqdoqSiSiSiSinanananaxaTxaTxaTxaT��a a a a (dium. 24, I-183) àxla TaroSi dagmalavTo~...

amrigad, megrul-lazurSi O1 da O2-is I da II subieq-

tur pirebTan dawKvilebisas, obieqtis mravlobiToba aGi-


76

niSneba ----T T T T sufiqsiT. amis sapirispirod O3-is ricxvi aGu-

niSvneli rCeba S1O3, S2O3 kombinaciebSi. amJerad I, II da III

pirTa diqotomia miGweulia imiT, rom markireba xdeba I da

II obieqturi pirisa, xolo III obieqturi piri aramarkirebu-

lia. pirobiTad es modeli ase SeiZleba Caiweros:

{----TTTT} [[[[IIII, , , , IIIIIIII] ] ] ] ~ [[[[IIIIIIIIIIII]]]] {ØØØØ} es modeli irGveva, rogorc ki I da II obieqturi piri

mesame subieqtur pirTan dawKvildeba: S3O1, , , , S3O2. amJerad

amoqmeddeba mravlobiTobis gamoxatvis sxva principi. ker-

Zod, obieqtis ricxvis markireba xdeba S3-is formantebiT _ ----anananan, , , , ----eseseses, , , , ----nnnn. . . . maTi ganawileba mwkrivTa mixedviT xdeba: ----anananan _ awmKo

drois mwkrivebSi, ----eseseses _ namKo drois mwkrivebSi, ----nnnn _ kav-

SirebiTebSi. moviKvanT sailustracio masalas:

aaaa)))) O1 da da da da O2----is riis riis riis ricxvis acxvis acxvis acxvis aGGGGniSniSniSniSvnavnavnavna S3O1, , , , S3O2

komkomkomkombibibibinanananaciciciciebebebebSi Si Si Si m em em em e g r u lg r u lg r u lg r u l S iS iS iS i

S3Opl

1 ____ awawawawmmmmKKKKoooo----mmmmKKKKoooofafafafadis dis dis dis ----aaaannnnºººº----aaaa ( ( ( (< < < < ----anananan)))) susususufiqfiqfiqfiqsisisisiaaaani forni forni forni for----memememebibibibi:::: CqiT opopopopyyyykokokokomumumumunananananianianiania Tinava (xub. 240, 6) `Cvenc Segvyamso iso~; iri Cqˆn gasayirˆSe Tina bTxibTxibTxibTxilalalalanananana (Kif. 137, 23) `Koveli Cveni gasayiri-dan is gvicavs~; bzoTonc Tˆri momomomoCxuCxuCxuCxupupupupunananana............ (Kif. 162, 30) `zamTarSi Tovli gveCxubeba~; be-qoq qeSˆmatKves da, jirxolos dodododopipipipilllluuuunananana (xub. 96, 25) `beqom Tu SegvatKo, orives mogvklavs~; dedaq veSemitKvan(i), vara gob gob gob goblalalalaxuxuxuxuna na na na jirxolos (t. I, 247, 103, 3) `dedam ar SegvitKos, Torem gvcems orives~; var, Tena vavavavabbbbGGGGoooolalalalana na na na Jgirsia (xub. 237, 18) àra, es ar dagvmarTebs sikeTe-so~...

uwuwuwuwKKKKvevevevetetetetelililili _ _ _ _ mKofadismKofadismKofadismKofadis xolmeobiTixolmeobiTixolmeobiTixolmeobiTi: : : : ----es es es es sufiqsiani

formebi: Tqvani squa qordˆkoni, patis Tina qofqofqofqofcencencencendes des des des

(xub. 93, 28) `Tqveni Svili rom KofiliKo, pativs is gvcem-

da; oyˆmares mudgen jams dob dob dob dobgogogogorunrunrunrunddddeeeesiasiasiasia, , , , qqqqˆmomomomobrabrabrabra‡‡‡‡ˆndendendendesiasiasiasia, , , ,


77

gepgepgepgepyyyyvavavavalulululunnnnddddeeeesiasiasiasia (xub. 112, 5) `diliT rodisme mogvZebni-

dao, mogvrekavdao, mogvwvelidao~; ulaludukonia do

damifarendesiadamifarendesiadamifarendesiadamifarendesia (xub. 137, 15) èKefa da dagvifaravdao~;

aTe patoni mus Joxod, kisers mumumumunobnobnobnobxexexexededededesisisisini ni ni ni (t. I, 289,

412-9, 10) ès batoni vin iKo (`ras erqva~), kiserze rom

gvaJda~...

wwwwKKKKvevevevetitititilililili: : : : ----es es es es sufiqsiani formebi: Cqi mu Sqas vore-

Tia, marTaxiT oyiSi gegegegemimimimiyyyyvevevevesia sia sia sia (xub. 162, 3) `Cven ra SuaSi

varTo, maTraxiT zurgi rom agviwvao~; Saras glaxa dGaq

qomqomqomqomˆmomomomoyyyyiiiiSesSesSesSesˆ (Kif. 22, 18) `gzaSi cudma amindma (`dGem~)

mogviswro~; ah, Goronq sqani bednieroba qqqqˆmomomomoZiZiZiZirerereresia sia sia sia (xub.

106, 6) àh, GmerTma Seni bedniereba gvaCvenao~; vedvedvedvedˆmememememormormormor----

CiCiCiCiles les les les Kazaxiqia (xub. 156, 2) àr dagvmorCilda glexio~;

Grubelq qigqigqigqigˆmanmanmanmanTxes Txes Txes Txes (xub. 75, 32) `Grubeli dagveca~...

S3Opl

2 ____ aaaa<<<<----an an an an sufiqsiani formebi: Tqva squa qedqedqedqedgegegegebabababadedededebubububuna na na na wanamowanaSa (Kif. 277, 15) `Tqven Svili dagebadebaT erT weliwadSi... ~ mara va ggggˆganganganganyyyyKKKKoooorarararanininini GoronTqˆ (Kif. 79, 4) `magram GmerTi ar gagiwKreT~; pilaTˆ ni, musˆ gigigigikekekekeTeTeTeTenananananianianiania? ? ? ? (Kif. 37, 5) `rom momklaT, ras `ga-gikeTebT~ (àras gargebT~); gewKinˆ da vagˆma-yKora, nayara mus gogogogocilcilcilcilˆnananana????! ! ! ! (sam. 64, 47-35) `Tu gewKina, ar gamiwKre, werili ras gerCiT?~

bbbb)))) O1 da da da da O2----is mravis mravis mravis mravlolololobibibibiToToToTobis abis abis abis aGGGGniSniSniSniSvnavnavnavna

S3O1, S3O2 komkomkomkombibibibinanananaciciciciebebebebSi Si Si Si l a z u rl a z u rl a z u rl a z u r S iS iS iS i

S3Opl

1 ____ ----an an an an sufiqsiani formebi: Cqun-Ti xes momomomoqaqaqaqaCuCuCuCunannannannan! ! ! ! (jG. 17, 32) `Cvenc xelze gveqaCeba~; mundes baba cqaniq duGun mixemixemixemixenananananonononorenrenrenren,,,, mundes okomokomokomokomyyyyaaaararararanononono----renrenrenren,,,, hemindos ma cqani bore (jG. 50-15) `rode-sac mamaSeni qorwils gagvimarTavs, rodesac (Jvars) dagvwers, maSin mec Seni var~; Cqu heaq domdomdomdompipipipilalalalanen nen nen nen (Kif. 64, 26) `Cven is mogvklavs!~


78

xoJaq iroTe momomomomomomomoGGGGererererdidididinanananamanmanmanman (Ciq. II, 88, 7) `xo-Ja KovelTvis gvatKuebs~...

----eseseses s u f i q s i a n i f o r m e b i :

a�a kulaniq mememememimimimibarbarbarbarges ges ges ges oxoi (asaT. 143, 91-21) àm go-

gom migvilaga saxli~; oxrasqiriq tofeGi gverdi gzas memememe----

momomomoGGGGgigigigires res res res (van. 166, 2) `mazlma Sua gzaze Tofi dagvimizna~;

qeloGlaniq kave muSeni momomomomimimimiGGGGes es es es musafirefekala? (jG. 72,

2) `qeloGlanma Kava ratom mogvitana stumrebTan?~ ... ama

manJe muSiq xoJi mememememimimimixixixixiresresresres----��a a a a (jG. 30, 30) `magram patronma

xari mogvparao~; qCini, ha�a Tangriq momomomomCesmCesmCesmCes~~~~ (dium. 60, V-35)

`dedabero, es GmerTma mogvca~; rusiq domdomdomdomyyyyvesvesvesves, , , , domdomdomdomxaxaxaxalesleslesles,,,,

ambai var giCqin-i? (Kif. 20, 9) `rusma dagvwva, dagvbuga, es

ambavi ar ici?... ~

S3Opl

2 _ ----an an an an s u f i q s i a n i f o r m e b i ham koini miSiɅn, fadiSai gigigigiyyyyiiiiTxaTxaTxaTxanennennennen,,,, CaqCaq fa-diSaiSi koinefeɅ nan TqviT�a (kart. 1970, 225, 16) ès cxvrebi visiao, xelmwife rom gkiTxavT, CaqCaq xelmwifis cxvrebia-Tqo, uTxariT~; ar †ukaraSi bereq mufe gogogogoGGGGoooodadadadaman man man man (jG. 77, 7) èr-Ti Garibis biyi reebs dagiSavebT (`gagikeTebT~).

----nnnn sufiq s ia n i m Kofadi (II kavSirebiTisagan nawarmoebi):

fadiSai mulun askeriTe, Tqva ki ki ki kilalalalanen nen nen nen (kart. 1970,

225, 19) `xelmwife modis JariT, Tqven dagxocavT~; aGaq og-

nas-na, dudi mememememikmikmikmikvavavavaTaTaTaTa----nnnn----ene ene ene ene (Kif. 80, 28) `batonma rom gai-

gos, Tavs mogvyris!~; sinTi xoS va ginon, qi Cqini asqei eq

dodododomaKvimaKvimaKvimaKvilanlanlanlan? ? ? ? (kart. 1968, 168, 110) `Senc xom ar ginda,

rom Cveni laSqari iq dagvexocos?~.

rogorc vxedavT, ((((IIIIIIII)))) modelis mixedviT, O1 da O2 sim-

ravlis aGniSvna xdeba S3-is ricxvis formantebiT: ----anananan, , , , ----eseseses, , , , ----

nnnn. . . . mesame obieqturi piris mravlobiToba aqac aGuniSvnelia:

S1O3, S2O3, S3O3 kombinaciebSi obieqturi piris Ø nulovani

markeri gvaqvs.


79

obieqtis mravlobiTobis gamoxatvis (II) modeli pirobi-

Tad ase SeiZleba Caiweros:

{----anananan∞∞∞∞----eseseses∞∞∞∞----nnnn} [ [ [ [IIII, , , , IIIIIIII]]]] ~ [ [ [ [IIIIIIIIIIII]]]] {ØØØØ} maSasadame, obieqturi piris ricxvis aGniSvnis (I) da

(II) modelSi mkacradaa daculi I-II ~ III pirTa diqotomia.

pirveli da meore obieqti markirebulia, erTi mxriv, ----T T T T su-

fiqsiT, meore mxriv _ ----anananan, , , , ----eseseses, , , , ----n n n n morfemebiT. maT upiris-

pirdeba III obieqturi piri Tavisi uniSnobiT. is zogadi

principi, romelic subieqturi piris mravlobiTobis ga-

moxatvisas vrceldeba qarTvelur enebSi, megrul-lazurSi

obieqtTan mimarTebaSic iCens Tavs.

rogor SeiZleba aixsnas es faqti megrul-lazurSi?

----TTTT sufiqsiT obieqtis markirebisas, komunikaciis aqtSi

monawileobs I da II pirebi, romelTa funqcia urTierTCa-

nacvlebadia. S1O2 kombinaciaSi meore piri msmenelia, xolo

pirveli piri _ moubari. magram S2O1 kombinaciaSi pirTa

rolebi Secvlilia. rogorc e. benvenisti SeniSnavs, pirve-

li da meore piris amgvar urTierTmimarTebaSi devs enis,

rogorc subieqturobiT aGbeydili sistemis arsi. is, visac

`me~ vuwodeb `Sen~, Tavis Tavs ganixilavs rogorc `me~-s,

xolo `me~ _ rogorc `Sen~. Sesabamisad, ena arsebobs imde-

nad, ramdenadac komunikaciis aqtSi CarTuli `me~ da `Sen~

pirebi Tavis Tavs moiazreben subieqtad, anu sakuTar rea-

lobas aniyeben ègo~-s gagebas.

cnobili lingvisti boduen de kurtene wers, rom ego-

centrizmi SeiZleba iKos obiobiobiobieqeqeqeqtutututuricricricric. . . . amis nimuSad mecni-

ers mohKavs is enebi, sadac sqesis kategoriaa garCeuli.

mravlobiTi ricxvis gamoxatvisas am enebSi xdeba sqesTa ni-

velireba, kerZod, mravlobiTSi mdedrobiTi da saSuali

sqesis asimilacia xdeba mamrobiTi sqesis mier, xolo àra-

cocxalisa~ _ `cocxalis~ kategoriis mier [kurtene 1963,

80]. o. esperseni savsebiT bunebriv moTxovnilebad miiCnevs


80

mamrobiTi da mdedrobiTi sqesis sulieri sagnebis erT

JgufSi gaerTianebas mravlobiT ricxvSi. Sesabamisad, zogi-

erT enaSi iqmneba garkveuli sintaqsuri wesi, romlis mi-

xedviT mamrobiTi sqesis ricxvis forma gamoKenebulia ori-

ve (mamrobiTi, mdedrobiTi) sqesis ricxvis aGsaniSnavad

[iesperseni 1958, 217]. rogorc vxedavT, im enebSi, sadac

sqesis kategoriaa garCeuli, mravlobiTSi sqesTa neitrali-

zacia xdeba mamrobiTi sqesis (`privilegirebulis~) niSniT,

xolo im enebSi, sadac klasis kategoriaa garCeuli, amgvari

uniformacia xdeba nivTis klasis niSniT. magaliTad,

iberiul-kavkasiur enebSi `adamianis kategoria mravlobiTSi

ara Cans, mis adgils nivTisa iyers... mxoloobiTSi garCeu-

lia adamiani (pirovneba) da nivTi, mravlobiTSi es garCeva

moSlilia: xdeba depersonalizacia~ [Ciqobava 1956, 318],

Tumca zogierT kavkasiur enaSi, sadac pirovan-klasovani

uGvlilebaa, mravlobiTSic SenarCunebulia adamianisa da

nivTis dapirispireba: `nivTis kategoriis erTi niSani adami-

anTa mravlobiTobas gamoxatavs (KovelTvis b-), nivTTa kate-

goriis meore niSani _ nivTTa mravlobiTobas (umetes Se-

mTxvevaSi r-|d-)~, ufro metic, darguulsa da qisturSi `I

da II klasis saxelebi mravlobiTis pirvelsa da meore pirSi

mravlobiTis zogad d- sawarmoebels gamoivlens... imave kla-

sebis saxelebi mesame piris formebSi b- formantiT warmo-

gvidgeba~ [andGulaZe 1968, 29; 171]. maSasadame klas-katego-

riis mravlobiTi ricxvis I da II piri formalurad upiris-

pirdeba III pirs da, amave dros, Kvela SemTxvevaSi mravlobi-

Ti ricxvi gamoixateba nivTis klas-kategoriis niSniT.

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, megrul-lazurSi obieqtis

mravlobiTis gamoxatvis modelebis mixedviT, erTi mxriv,

daculia subieqturi egocentrulobis principi _ aGiniS-

neba adamianis gamomxatveli I da II piris mravlobiTi ri-

cxvi: TTTT sufiqsiT, meore mxriv, imave pirebis mravlobiToba


81

aGiniSneba III piris mravlobiTobis anananan, , , , nnnn, , , , eseseses sufiqsebiT.

megrul-lazurSi obieqtis mravlobiTis gamoxatvis

orive modelis mixedviT ganze rCeba mesame piri, rogorc

aramarkirebuli wevri. magram ramdenadac `markireba Kovel-

Tvis garkveulad gapirobebulia~ [mayavariani 1987, 25], po-

tenciurad aris SesaZlebloba aramarkirebuli wevris mar-

kirebisa, rogorc ki saTanado pirobebi Seiqmneba. istoriu-

lad erT-erTi aseTi faqtori Cans inversia, romelsac ukav-

Sirdeba morfologiuri obieqtis, imave realuri subieqtis

mravlobiTobis warmoebis sistema. es ukanaskneli, Tavis

mxriv, organul kavSirSia obieqturi piris ricxvis gamoxat-

vis (II) modelTan.

$ $ $ $ 7777. . . . ininininverververversisisisiis sais sais sais sakikikikiTxi da miTxi da miTxi da miTxi da micecececemiT brunmiT brunmiT brunmiT brunvavavavaSi daSi daSi daSi dasmusmusmusmulililili RS----iiiis ris ris ris ricxvis cxvis cxvis cxvis gamogamogamogamoxatxatxatxatvavavava

qarTul zmnaSi inversiasTan dakavSirebiT ori Tval-

sazrisia cnobili: arn. Ciqobavas SexedulebiT, Tanamedrove

qarTulSi morfologiuri subieqti da obieqti KovelTvis

ar udris subieqt-obieqts sintaqsuri TvalsazrisiT da am

mimarTebaSi pirisa da brunvis kategoriasTan erTad ri-

cxvis kategoriac iGebs monawileobas. aqedan gamomdinare,

inversia aris pirTa Sebrunebuli wKoba, rac Tavs iCens ro-

gorc gardamaval zmnaTa III seriis formebSi, aseve `maqvs~,

`miKvars~ tipis gardauval zmnebSi [Ciqobava 1950, 057-058;

Ciqobava 1968, 131-136]. Sesabamisad, inversia gaazrebulia,

rogorc qarTuli enis ganviTarebaSi momxdari umniSvnelo-

vanesi istoriuli procesi, rac dakavSirebulia martivi wi-

nadadebis meqanizmis evoluciasTan.

meore TvalsazrisiT, `qarTulSi adgili aqvs piris ni-

SanTa inversias, rac imaSi gamoixateba, rom vinis rigis niS-

nebi erT SemTxvevaSi subieqturi piris aGmniSvnelad gvev-


82

linebian, sxva SemTxvevaSi ki obieqturi pirisa; piruku: ma-

nis rigis niSnebi erT SemTxvevaSi obieqturi pirebis amsax-

velebia zmnaSi, sxva SemTxvevaSi ki _ subieqturi pirebisa~.

Sesabamisad, gardamavloba da III seria aris `aucilebeli pi-

roba piris niSanTa inversiisaTvis zmnaSi~ [SaniZe 1953,

199-201]. a. SaniZe ar iziarebs mosazrebas `maqvs~, `miKvars~

tipis zmnaTa inversiulobis Sesaxeb, radganac: 1. gardau-

val zmnaSi gamoricxulia pirdapiri obieqtis arseboba, 2.

SeuZlebelia iribi obieqti saxelobiT brunvaSi idges [Sa-

niZe 1981, 504-517].

uaxles qarTul saenaTmecniero literaturaSi mkvle-

varTa erTi nawili uarKofs inversiis faqts rogorc diaq-

roniul doneze: savaldebulo da arasavaldebulo pirebis

daSvebiT nacvlad subieqt-obieqtisa [oniani 1978, 33-55],

aseve sinqroniul doneze: formaTa perfeqtuli semantikidan

amosvliT [uTurgaiZe, 2003], agreTve qarTulis zmnur siste-

maSi subieqt-obieqtis kategoriis opoziciis moxsniT da na-

cvlad amisa nebelobis cnebis SemotaniT [asaTiani 1982].

mkvlevarTa mier SeniSnulia, rom inversiis process ga-

rkveuli gramatikul-semantikuri safuZveli aqvs. inversia

xdeba `zmnaTa im klasebSi, sadac vin-is rigia neitralize-

buli, mis mier gamoxatuli piris aqtiobis da agenturobis

xarisxis daqveiTebis an sruli dakargvis TvalsazrisiT...

rac ufro izrdeba zmnis formaSi man-is rigis aqtioba, mi-

si egocentruli funqcia, miT ufro igrZnoba formis in-

trovertuloba da inversiulobac~ [mayavariani 1987, 84].

inversiis procesis dawKebas mkvlevarTa erTi nawili ukav-

Sirebs statikur zmnebs, romelTa erT-erTi niSania inver-

siuloba, rac zogierT SemTxvevaSi saqceo sistemis daSlis

Sedegad aris miCneuli [suxiSvili 1976, 43-49]. meore

mxriv, `prefiqsiani vnebiTis KalibiT nawarmoeb zmnebSi ga-

moiKofa erTi Jgufi formebisa, romlebic gamoxataven sxva-


83

dasxva mniSvnelobebs: SesaZleblobas, miCneviTobas, gunebas,

grZnoba-aGqmas, qona-Kolas da a. S. Kvela am formisaTvis sa-

erTo semantikuri niSania statikuroba~ [daTukiSvili 1996,

76]. Sesabamisad, gardauval zmnebSi gamoKofen labiluri

inversiis relatiur vnebiTebs, stabiluri inversiis rela-

tiur mediopasivebs da relatiuri agebulebis ZiriTadad

ugvaro statikur zmnebs [meliqiSvili 1995]. ufro metic,

d. meliqiSvilis azriT, III seriis formebi warmoadgenen ara

Sesabamis dinamikur gardamaval zmnaTa inversiul formebs,

aramed statikuri zmnebisas, e. i. statikur zmnaTa inversi-

aqmnilma gadinamikurebulma formebma gaagrZeles moqmedebi-

Ti gvaris dinamikur zmnaTa paradigma da warmoSves perfeq-

tul droTa formebi [meliqiSvili 1978, 87].

b. JorbenaZis TvalsazrisiT, `inversiis mizezi qarTul-

Si sulier (upiratesad adamianis) da usulo saganTa urTi-

erTmimarTebaSi Zevs: inversiis dros gramatikuli iribi

obieqti gamoxatavs sulier pirs, xolo gramatikuli qvemde-

baris rolSi gamodis usulo sagani~ [JorbenaZe 1981, 76].

mkvlevris azriT, qarTulSi SeiniSneba inversiis morfolo-

giuri aGniSvnis tendencia, kerZod, xdeba inversiis morfo-

logiuri gamoxatva mravlobiTi ricxvis formebSi: uKvar-s

mas _ uKvar-T maT. aq `gasaTvaliswinebelia formantTa ur-

TierTobis faqtori~ _ qarTulSi mravlobiTi ricxvis

formantTa Sexvedrisas rCeba subieqtis da ar Cans obieq-

tis mravlobiTobis gamomxatveli formantebi: is Tqven gixa-

tav-T, magram isini Tqven gixatav-en. `maSasadame, is, risi

mravlobiTobis aGmniSvnelic rCeba subieqtur da obieqtur

pirTa Sexvedrisas, enaSi gaigeba subieqtad, risic ara _

obieqtur pirad. amis kvalobaze, konstruqcia: bavSvebs u-

Kvar-T dedebi _ imaze migviTiTebs, rom am konteqstSi swo-

red `bavSvebs~ formaa gagebuli subieqtad, Tumca gramati-

kulad igi iribi obieqturi piria~ [JorbenaZe 1981, 77]. e.


84

i. ----T T T T formantiT gamoixateba mravlobiToba semantikurad

gaazrebuli subieqtisa da ara morfologiuri subieqtisa.

amgvarad, qarTulSi inversiis ramdenime gramatikul-se-

mantikuri safuZvelia gamoKofili: 1) manis rigis aqtivoba,

egocentruli funqciis zrda; 2) zmnis statikuroba (poli-

personaluri bunebis statikur zmnaSi logikurad pasiuri

subieqtisa da logikurad aqtiuri obieqtis arseboba); 3)

iribi obieqtis mimarTeba vin vin vin vin Jgufis saxelTan (is Kovel-

Tvis adamianis, pirovnebis gamomxatvelia). es ukanaskneli,

Cveni azriT, mTavari semantikuri faqtoria, radganac subi-

eqtis cneba enaSi uSualod piris, adamianis raobasTan aris

dakavSirebuli (adamiani ~ araadamiani _ es diqotomia

vlindeba enobriv azrovnebaSi Kvela doneze). gramatikul

doneze inversiis procesisTvis, rogorc Cans, xelsaKreli

pirobebi swored statikur zmnebSi Seiqmna. saqceo sistemis

moSlam da am sistemis wevrTa funqciis gadawevam zmnis

struqturis cvlilebas SeuwKo xeli. m. suxiSvilis azriT,

es cvlilebebi aisaxa zmnis pirnaklobaSi, xmovani prefiqsis

dakargvaSi, subieqturi wKobis arqonaSi da sxv. am ukanas-

knelma ki ganapiroba is, rom gramatikuli obieqti realuri

subieqtis rolSi mogvivlina [suxiSvili 1976, 43-49].

relatiur-statikur zmnebSi inversia rom gacilebiT

mKari movlenaa, kargad Cans megrul-lazuris magaliTze.

ramdenadac inversia irib obieqtTan aris dakavSirebuli,

dgeba micemiTi brunvis morfo-sintaqsuri datvirTvis saki-

Txic megrulsa da lazurSi. megrulSi micemiTi brunvis

funqciuri datvirTva qarTulis msgavsia: is aris rogorc

iribi, aseve pirdapiri obieqtis brunva, aseve _ III seriaSi

inversiuli gardamavali zmnebis realuri subieqti da re-

latiur-statikuri zmnebis RS-ic micemiTSi dgas.

micemiTi brunvis pozicia megrulSi mKaria, rasac ver

vitKviT lazurze. lazurSi mxolod iribi obieqturi piri


85

da inversiuli relatiur-gardauvali zmnebis realuri su-

bieqti gadmoicema micemiTi brunviT. iTvleboda, rom gar-

damaval zmnebSi inversia naklebproduqtiuli aGmoCnda _

aq TurmeobiTebis warmoebis sxva sistema damkvidrda [mari

1910, 46; Ciqobava 1936, 145], Tumca g. kartoziam Tavisi

gamokvlevebiT aCvena, rom `sinamdvileSi, inversiuli Tur-

meobiTebi lazurSi naSTis saxiT ki ar aris SemorCenili,

aramed saKovlTaod aris gavrcelebuli. ufro metic, maT

gamoKenebis are gaufarToebiaT da, megrulis msgavsad, zog

gardauval zmnasac ewarmoeba~... [kartozia 2005, 98]. Tanac

`isaxeba tendencia, gauTanabrdes zmnis inversiuli formebi

pirdapiri wKobis zmnebs sintaqsuri Zalis mixedviT... aq ara

marto iribi obieqti inarCunebs Tavis brunvas, aramed su-

bieqtic imave brunvaSi rCeba, ra brunvaSicaa pirdapiri

wKobis dros~ [kartozia 1968, 145]. Jer kidev, arn. Ciqoba-

vam u Z i r a m u n `unaxavs~ formis analizisas miuTiTa

pirdapir wKobaze inversiulis nacvlad, rac aTinuri kilos

Taviseburebad miiCnia [Ciqobava 1936, 153], magram g. karto-

ziam diumezilis, s. jGentis mier Caweril arqabul teq-

stebSi da mis mier mopovebul xofur masalaSic gamoavlina

msgavsi SemTxvevebi. mecnieris azriT, `pirdapiri wKobis

zmnebTan inversiul formaTa gaTanabrebis tendencia relie-

furad iCens Tavs gardauval zmnebSi~ [kartozia 1968, 145-

146]. miuxedavad inversiuli konstruqciis rGvevisa lazur-

Si, morfologiur doneze relatiur-statikuri zmna Tavis

inversiul struqturas inarCunebs. amis dasturia mravlo-

biTi ricxvis gamoxatvis sistema.

cnobilia, rom relatiur-statikuri zmnebi mcireri-

cxovania qarTulSi da, Sesabamisad, zanurSic. magram inver-

siul formaTa raodenobas zrdis potencialisis kategori-

is arseboba megrul-lazurSi. rogorc specialur litera-

turaSia aGniSnuli, potencialisis erT-erTi niSani inver-


86

siulobaa, radganac potencialisis relatiuri forma Cveu-

lebriv gamoxatavs realuri subieqtis qmedebis SesaZleblo-

bas [Ciqobava 1936, 110-112; Serozia 1984, 6-7]. esaa aaaa---- ... ----eeee

prefiqs-sufiqsiT nawarmoebi formebi, romlebic qarTulSi

-e-niani vnebiTebis tolfardia. Cvens masalaSi potenciali-

sis formebi sakmaodaa (gansakuTrebiT lazurSi), magram Zi-

riTadi nawili warmodgenilia qona-Kolebis, grZnoba-aGqmis,

miCnevisa da gunebis gamomxatveli zmnebiT.

rogorc zemoT aGvniSneT, lazurSi relatiur-stati-

kur zmnaTa obieqturi wKobis konstruqciebi xSir SemTxve-

vaSi irGveva, magram zmnis mozmnis mozmnis mozmnis morforforforfolololologigigigiuuuuri struqri struqri struqri struqttttuuuura ucra ucra ucra uc----

vlevlevlevlelialialialia. . . . zmnaSi warmodgenilia mamamamanis nis nis nis rigis piris niSnebi

da mravlobiTobis ----anananan, , , , ----eseseses, , , , ----nnnn sufiqsebi, romlebic mravlo-

biT ricxvSi dasmuli realuri subieqtis (morfologiuri

obieqtis) markerebia. RS1 da RS2-is mravlobiTobis aGmniS-

vnel formebTan Znelia imis dadgena, mTqmeli romel brun-

vas gulisxmobs, magram RS3-is SemTxvevaSi es TvalsaCinoa.

Cvens xelT arsebul saanalizo masalaSi 3-Jer metia micemi-

Tis formebi. magaliTad:

aaaa)))) RS3 dgdgdgdgas mias mias mias micecececemiT brunmiT brunmiT brunmiT brunvavavavaSiSiSiSi

awawawawmmmmKKKKoooo:::: -anananan sufiqsiani formebi ia JJJJuuuumamamamalelelelefesfesfesfesTi Ti Ti Ti Cqimi kainoba va unounounounonan nan nan nan (kart. 1972, 42, 9) ìm Zmebsac Cemi sikarge (`sikeTe~) ar undaT~; hako fafafafadidididiSaSaSaSaGGGGeeeefesfesfesfes msqva bozofe uuuu��onuonuonuonunnnnanananan (kart. 1972, 174, 21) `...xelmwifeebs lamazi qaliSvilebi hKavT~; awi e koCiS bebebebererererefes fes fes fes Tis nosi va uuuuGGGGuuuunannannannan, , , , muTu var axaxaxaxvevevevenenenenenannannannan! ! ! ! (Ciq. I, 130, 14) àxla am kacis bavSvebs TavSi ykua ara aqvT, verafers ver akeTeben (èkeTebinebaT~); ma-jurani bebebebererererefes fes fes fes var uCuCuCuCqiqiqiqinan nan nan nan (dium. 117, XX-21) `sxva bavSvebma ar ician~; ananananTeTeTeTefes fes fes fes dido wkai aSaSaSaSvevevevenan nan nan nan (kart. 1968, 166, 67) àmaT Za-


87

lian swKuria~; Cqva do majvaa fafafafaTiTiTiTiSaSaSaSaeeeefes fes fes fes aSaSaSaSququququiiiinenenenenan nan nan nan (kart. 1972, 43, 12) `sxva da sxva xelmwifeebs SeeSindebaT~; jur JJJJiiiimas hamas hamas hamas hagogogogoyyyy----konkonkonkondudududunan nan nan nan (asaT. 158, 99-17) òr Zmas daavi-wKdebaT~...

uwuwuwuwKKKKvevevevetetetetelililili:::: ----es es es es sufiqsiani formebi fafafafadidididiSaSaSaSaGGGG do ve do ve do ve do veziziziziris ris ris ris duGuniS oxenu unununun----des des des des (kart. 173, 17) `xelmwifesa da vezirs qorwilis gamarTva undodaT~; ananananTeTeTeTefes fes fes fes uuuuGGGGuuuutes tes tes tes (kart. 1972, 19, 17) àmaT hqon-daT~; lalalalazezezezefes fes fes fes uuuu��onuonuonuonutestestestes ar fadiSaGi (kart. 1972, 173, 5) `lazebs hKavdaT erTi xelmwife~; Teli la la la laziszisziszistatatatanis nis nis nis amuSen aSaSaSaSququququ----ririririnenenenetes tes tes tes (Kif. 10, 33) `mTel lazistans ami-si eSinoda~...

wwwwKKKKvevevevetitititilililili:::: ----es es es es sufiqsi ananananTeTeTeTefes aSfes aSfes aSfes aSququququiiiines nes nes nes (kart. 1968, 150, 19) àmaT SeeSindaT~; bebebebeeeeefes fes fes fes mu aaaaGGGGoooodes des des des (kart. 1972, 44, 34) `bavSvebs ra daemarTaT~; kukukuku----lalalalanenenenefes fes fes fes Cobani na Guu, kai awoawoawoawones nes nes nes (asaT. 68, 29-51) `gogoebs, mwKemsi rom mokvda, Za-lian gauxardaT~; kokokokoCeCeCeCefes gvakfes gvakfes gvakfes gvakvivivivieseseses, , , , à�a mu en�a?~ (kart. 1968, 161, 80) `kacebs gaukvir-daT, es ra ariso?~ hanhanhanhanTeTeTeTefes fes fes fes jur bere dadadada----ves ves ves ves (dium. 89, XI-7) àmaT ori bavSvi eKo-laT~; kokokokoCeCeCeCefes fes fes fes xoJa va mamamamaGGGGererererdidididinesnesnesnes............ (Ciq. I, 9-8) `kacebma xoJa ver moatKues (`ver Se-Zles motKueba~)...

bbbb)))) RS3 dgas sadgas sadgas sadgas saxexexexelolololobiT brunbiT brunbiT brunbiT brunvavavavaSiSiSiSi

sum JJJJuuuuma ma ma ma baba niSiSe ‡ar dibi uSkuri uuuuGGGGururururTes Tes Tes Tes (Ciq. II,

130, 1) `sam Zmas mamisgan erTi vaSlis xe hqonda~; oTxi-xo-

lo JJJJuuuuma ma ma ma oxorJalefe mimimimiKKKKoooonununununannannannan (Kif. 645, 11-2) òTxive

Zmas colebi gvKavs~; mTimTimTimTininininiTi dvaKTi dvaKTi dvaKTi dvaKves ves ves ves ar KuJi bee (kart.

1972, 114, 33) `maTac eKolaT erTi Kru bavSvi~; zenzenzenzengigigiginenenenefe fe fe fe


88

aSaSaSaSkukukukuririririnenenenetes tes tes tes do meCamtes (kart. 1970, 227, 1) `mdidrebs

eSinodaT da aZlevdnen~; belqi konkonkonkonCeCeCeCefe fe fe fe Sqimi quSquSquSquSkukukukunan nan nan nan (Ciq.

II, 137, 26) `SeiZleba Cemma kacebma ician~;

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom rogorc aaaa)))),,,, aseve bbbb)))) SemTxvevaSic,

realuri subieqtis mravlobiToba zmnaSi gamoxatulia ----an an an an

sufiqsiT awmKo-mKofadis mwkrivSi, ----es es es es sufiqsiT namKos

mwkrivebSi; kavSirebiTSi mosalodnelia ----n n n n sufiqsis darTva:

uGut-a-n `hqondeT~, aSquin-a-n `SeeSindeT~... mravlobiT ri-

cxvSi relatiur-statikur zmnebSi inversiuli wKoba ufro

mKaria, vidre mxoloobiTSi. g. kartozias azriT, lazurSi

inversiul zmnebTan `nairibali pirmiumarTavi obieqtis mi-

cemiTSi dasmis SemTxvevebi~ srul analogias hpovebs Zvel

qarTulSi dadasturebul movlenasTan: `mesame seriis

mwkrivebSi nairibali pirmiumarTavi obieqti sporadulad

micemiTSia dasmuli~, rogorc qarTulSi, aseve lazurSic

es procesi gviandeli Cans [kartozia 1968, 144-145]. Cveni

azriT, amis dasturad mravlobiTis formebic gamodgeboda.

vfiqrobT, rom mravlobiTobis -an, -es, -n sufiqsebis arse-

boba zmnaSi Zlieri argumentia inversiuli wKobis Sesanar-

Cuneblad, radganac, faqtia, rom qarTulSic da megrul-

lazurSic inversiis procesi dasrulda maSin, roca is gra-

matikuladac gaformda enaSi, anu zmnis formaSi gaiCina Ta-

visi warmomadgeneli mravlobiTobis sufiqsis saxiT [meli-

qiSvili 1978; JorbenaZe 1981]. lazurSi, sadac micemiTi

brunvis funqciebi minimaluria da saukuneTa manZilze ara-

monaTesave (berZnuli, Turquli) enebis Zlier zewolas

ganicdida, bunebrivi iqneboda, rom ara Tu relatiur-

gardauval zmnebs SeenarCunebinaT nominatiuri konstruq-

cia, aramed relatiur-gardamavali zmnebic gadasuliKvnen

nominatur konstruqciaze, magram es procesi ar moxda. pi-

riqiT, zmnis morfologiuri struqtura ganapirobebs kon-

struqciis SenarCunebasac. relatiur-statikur zmnebSi da-


89

mkvidrebuli modeli RS-is ricxvis gamoxatvisa sakmaod

mdgradi aGmoCnda. am modelis Tanaxmad, RS3-is mravlobi-

Tobis gamomxatveli formantebi analogiiT gadavida pir-

velsa da meore pirSi. magaliTebi:

aaaa) ) ) ) RS1----isisisis riririricxvis acxvis acxvis acxvis aGGGGniSniSniSniSvna vna vna vna lazurlazurlazurlazurSiSiSiSi

----an an an an sufiqsiani: anTefe oxoris mimimiminononononannannannan............ (Kif. I, 10, 11-

8) èseni saxlSi gvinda~; kabaeTi xvala Cqin va mimimimiGGGGuuuunan nan nan nan

(kart. 1972, 45, 23) `Gvino marto Cven ara gvaqvs~; msqibus

Cqi koCi miTi va mimimimiKKKKoooouuuunan nan nan nan (asaT. 123, 73-22) `wisqvilSi Cven

kaci aravin ara gvKavs~; Cqu ha�a var mamamamayyyykkkkoooomemememenan nan nan nan (jG. 56, 9)

`Cven es ar gveymeva~; ekonai †iaTi momCi, muko na andGa

oxois dodododomimimimibabababaGGGGuuuunan nan nan nan (kart. 1968, 172, 12) ìmdeni (ìmdeni

fasi~) momeci, ramdenic dGes Sin gveKofa~; Cqu gui va momomomomamamama----

lelelelemamamamannnn!!!! (Ciq. II, 66, 7) `Cven guli ar mogvdis~; Cqu veziriSa

maSmaSmaSmaSqurqurqurqurnanananafufufufunan nan nan nan (Kif. 31, 5) `Cven vezirisa gveSinia~; xoJaq mu

Tqvasere, Squ va mamamamaJJJJeeeererererennnnanananan! ! ! ! (Ciq. II, 88, 8) `xoJam rac unda

Tqvas, Cven ar gvJera~; sanqis va mamamamaxoxoxoxororororonenenenenan nan nan nan (Ciq. I, 50, 9)

`... ar gvecekveba~.

----eseseses s u s u s u s u f i qf i qf i qf i q s is is is i aaaa n i f o rn i f o rn i f o rn i f o r m em em em e b ib ib ib i :::: Cqin Kona mimimimiGGGGuuuutes tes tes tes (asaT. 207, 119, 12) `Cven Kana gvqon-

da~; eger baba Cqimi va rtukon-na, uSqii hiC va mamamamayyyykokokokomemememetes tes tes tes

(Ciq. I, 67, 23) `mamaCemi rom ar KofiliKo, vaSls ver Sevyam-

diT (`ver SevZlebdiT yamas~); hawi ar Sei gogogogomomomomoyyyykonkonkonkondes des des des he

qarmateSi, he-Ti dofTqvaT! (Ciq. II, 61, 17) àxla erTi ram

dagvaviwKda wisqvilze, isic vTqvaT~; Cqun haSo mememememamamama††††ikiikiikiikires res res res

((((jG. 3, 25) `Cven ase mogvafiqrda~; soGuni g�ari mammammammamSqoSqoSqoSqoriririri----

nesnesnesnes (Kif. 32, 16) `... saymeli mogvSivda~...

bbbb)))) RS2----isisisis riririricxvis gamocxvis gamocxvis gamocxvis gamoxatxatxatxatva zmnava zmnava zmnava zmnaSiSiSiSi

heSo memememegomgomgomgomsqusqusqusqunan nan nan nan zenginefes (jG. 56, 17) àse mogixde-

baT mdidrebs!~ kulanefe-Cqimi, nanaTqvani vore, va gagagagaSquSquSquSquiiiinan nan nan nan


90

(asaT. 1968, 114, 31) `Cemo Svilebo, deda-Tqveni var, nu ge-

SiniaT~; so ren, so gggg��onuonuonuonunannannannan? ? ? ? (jG. 17, 27) `sad aris, sad

gKavT~; Cqimi xali Tqvan va giCgiCgiCgiCqiqiqiqinan nan nan nan (kart. 1972, 13, 29) `Ce-

mi mdgomareoba Tqven ar iciT~; ng�a�i gigigiginononononannannannan----iiii???? -�a mkiTxes

(dium. 164, LIV -6) `saymeli gindaTo?~ _ gvkiTxes~; Jumale-

fe-Ti qoqoqoqogagagagayyyykokokokomemememenannannannan (asaT. 156, 98-36) `Zmebic SemogeymevaT~...

amrigad, lazurSi relatiur-statikur zmnaTa mravlo-

biTis warmoebis modeli aseTia: rodesac RO mesame piria

da masTan kombinaciaSi Semodis RS1,,,, RS2,,,, RS3 _ samsave Se-

mTxvevaSi RS-is ricxvi aGiniSneba erTi da imave afiqsiT: ----an an an an morfemiT awmKo drois mwkrivebSi; ----eseseses sufiqsiT _ namKo

drois mwkrivebSi, ----nnnn sufiqsiT _ kavSirebiTSi. es modeli

vrceldeba mTlianad megrulzec. amJerad moviKvanT memememe----

grulgrulgrulgrulisisisis sailustracio masalas::::

aaaa)))) RS----is mravis mravis mravis mravlolololobibibibiToToToTobis gamobis gamobis gamobis gamoxatxatxatxatvavavava awawawawmmmmKKKKoooo----mmmmKKKKoooofadfadfadfadSi Si Si Si ----ananananºººº----aaaa ( ( ( (<<<<anananan)))) su su su sufiqfiqfiqfiqsiTsiTsiTsiT

I piI piI piI piriririri _ _ _ _ oykomali irfeli mi mi mi miGGGGuuuunanananania nia nia nia (xub. 150, 18) `saymeli Kvelaferi gvaqvso~; si varia, CqiTi qoqoqoqomimimimiyyyyiiiirarararania nia nia nia (Kif. 27-20) `Sen ki ara, Cvenc gviyirso~; jˆri dGasˆ Sur(i) midgmidgmidgmidgˆna na na na do xo-lo arTian(i) va momomomocodcodcodcodˆna na na na (sam. 62, 46-33) òri dGe suli gvidgas da erTmaneTi ki ar gvecodeba~; Tena irkocˆ b b b bJJJJogogogogˆna na na na (sam. 16, 11-6) ès Kvelas gvZuls~; xeSa vadvadvadvadˆmaxmaxmaxmaxvarvarvarvarxvaxvaxvaxvalelelele----na na na na xuJ TofiSi taxilefi (t. I, 279, 395-11) `xels ver vanZrevT (àr SegveZleba ganZreva~) TofiT mxardatexilebi~...

II piII piII piII piriririri _ _ _ _ giodviT saxeli, mu gogogogokokokokonananananininini (xub. 26, 22) `daarqviT saxeli, rac gindaT~; TiT SeSeSeSegigigigilelelele----bubububuna na na na ase demorCilaTie (xub. 158, 3) ìsic SegiZliaT, axla daemorCiloT~; Tqva va gos gos gos gos----ququququnananana Cqimi nJareba (sam. 63, 46-54) `Tqven ar gSveniT Cemi gamoJavreba~; Cela, busqa, mu giyi-ra, koleqtivi minJeT rrrr‡‡‡‡una una una una (t. I, 36, 63-13,


91

14) `Cela, buska ra giyirT, koleqtivi gKavT patronad~; almasefi gigigigi‡‡‡‡ora ora ora ora do varT xvarenTi manJanefs (t. I, 113, 202-31) àlmasebi giKvarT da arc kadrulobT (`xmarobT~) marJnebs~...

III piIII piIII piIII piriririri _ _ _ _ dasuro Cqimi guriyua ququququGGGGuuuunnnnanananandadadada (xub. 35, 32) `Tu marTla Cemi gulistkivili aqvT~; mu ooooyyyyiriririrˆnanananani ni ni ni va miCqˆ... (sam. 87, 63-57) `ra syirT, ar vici... ~ ZGabens qomonJ vavavavaSiSiSiSibubububuna na na na (t. I, 238, 33-3) `gogoebs qmari ver uSoviaT~; oooonnnnararararGGGGˆna na na na dalefs (xub. 135, 14) ènaGvlebaT debs~...

bbbb)))) RS----isisisis riririricxvis gamocxvis gamocxvis gamocxvis gamoxatxatxatxatva va va va ----es es es es susususufiqfiqfiqfiqsiTsiTsiTsiT::::

uwuwuwuwKKKKvevevevetetetetelililili:::: I piI piI piI piriririri _

squa Cqˆ vavavavapunpunpunpundes des des des (xub. 93, 30) `Cven Svili ar gvKavda~; Te Cqimi Jima dinˆdˆn miCqmiCqmiCqmiCqˆdedededesia sia sia sia (xub. 106, 37) ès Cemi Zma dai-kargeboda, gvegonao~; saxorcielesia xo-lo bbbbJJJJoooogugugugudedededesia sia sia sia Cqia arTiania (xub. 111, 31) `sicocxleSic gvZuldao Cveno erTma-neTi~; Cqia saxorcielesia xolo TaSi mimimimi‡‡‡‡orororordesdesdesdes arTiania (xub. 111, 28) `Cven sicocxleSic ase gviKvarda erTmaneTio~...

III piIII piIII piIII piri ri ri ri _ _ _ _ muyo munefs aS aS aS aSqiqiqiqididididirurururuaaaafufufufudesdesdesdesˆni ni ni ni TeSi (xub. 33, 4) `rogorc maT ekadrebodaT ise~; mara papaSi umuSoT xvama veveveveSuSuSuSulelelele----bubububudesdesdesdesˆ (sam. 92, 66-13) `magram mGvdlis gareSe locva ar SeeZloT~; inefiSi sa-xenwˆfoSi dixaSa kuCxiSi gedgˆmaSaTi oSoSoSoSquququqururururudesdesdesdesˆ (Kif. 81, 31) ìmaT saxel-mwifoSi miwaze fexis dadgmisac eSino-daT~: granicefiSa paraxodefi gigigigilalalalalelelele----desdesdesdesˆ (Kif. 3, 15) `sazGvargareT xomal-debi daudiodaT~...

wwwwKKKKvevevevetitititilililili:::: I piI piI piI piriririri _

vegeludi do qˆmorTie, mamamamaxixixixioooolllleeeesiasiasiasia (xub. 39, 28) àr gelodi da rom moxve-di, gagvixardao~...


92

III piIII piIII piIII piri ri ri ri ____ eq ewewewewKKKKiiiines nes nes nes uCaSi dalens (xub. 61, 18) ès ewKinaT ufros debs~; qimerTun, axi axi axi axi----oles oles oles oles (xub. 45, 12) `rom mivida, gauxar-daT~, bolos gegegegeururururCqinCqinCqinCqindes des des des arT osursquaq (xub. 138, 29) `bolos gauC-ndaT erTi qaliSvili~.

RS-is mravlobiToba kavSirebiTSi ----n n n n sufiqsiT aris mar-

kirebuli. mag.: gigigigi‡‡‡‡ordordordord----aaaa----nnnn----i i i i arTiani (Kif. 79, 6) `giKvardeT

erTmaneTi~; rwand rwand rwand rwand----aaaa----nnnn----ia ia ia ia arTiani (sam. 90, 65-78) `gwamdeTo

erTmaneTis~; aTeq vaSvaSvaSvaSqoqoqoqoyyyyKKKKordordordord----aaaa----nnnn............ (sam. II, 5-39) ès ar daga-

viwKdeT...~

amrigad, relatiur-statikur zmnebSi saqceo sistemis

moSlis Sedegad moqmedeba da zogadad mTeli sametKvelo

situacia mimarTul iqna micemiTi brunviT gadmocemuli pi-

risaken. es ukanaskneli ki KovelTvis gamoxatavda adamians,

pirovnebas. inversiis Sedegad, micemiTi, rogorc persona-

luri piri, logikurad, funqciurad subieqtad iqna gagebu-

li. Sesabamisad, RS3----ma SeiZina + pirovnebis niSani. SeiZleba

iTqvas, rom inversiul zmnebSi RS1, RS2, RS3 _ Tanabari Za-

lis mqone pirebia, romelTa mravlobiTobis gamoxatvac er-

Tsa da imave morfemas ekisreba. Sesabamisad inversiul

zmnebSi gvaqvs mxolod erTi saxis dapirispireba: RS ~ RO,

anu subieqtisa da arasubieqtis dapirispirebaSi mravlobiT

ricxvSi mxolod subieqtia markirebuli.

Tu gaviTvaliswinebT, rom III seriis gardamavali zmne-

bis inversiuli formebic istoriulad gardauval zmnebadaa

miCneuli [rogava 1975, 277; meliqiSvili 1978; arabuli

1984, 25-26], araa moulodneli, rom RS-is mravlobiTobis

gamoxatvis modeli relatiur-statikuri zmnebidan ga-

vrcelda III seriis inversiul gardamaval zmnebze. pirvel

rigSi, es iTqmis megrulze, sadac III seriis inversiuli for-

mebi ewarmoebaT rogorc relatiur-gardamaval, aseve rela-

tiur-gardauval zmnebs. moviKvanT sailustracio masalas:


93

RS----is is is is riririricxvis acxvis acxvis acxvis aGGGGniSniSniSniSvnavnavnavna III seIII seIII seIII seririririis mwkriis mwkriis mwkriis mwkrivebvebvebvebSiSiSiSi

I TurI TurI TurI TurmemememeoooobibibibiTiTiTiTi:::: ----aaaannnnºººº----aaaa ( ( ( (<<<<----anananan)))) su su su sufiqfiqfiqfiqsisisisiaaaani forni forni forni formemememebi bi bi bi _ xvale vordiTia do koCi qiqiqiqiSebSebSebSebZiZiZiZinenenene----bubububunanananania nia nia nia (Kif. 102, 1) `marto viKaviT da kaci SegvZeniao~; yuria do ka-xeS(i) ducu mimimimicxovcxovcxovcxovrerererebubububuna na na na Sxva fa-ranc (sam. 117, 78-42) `yuria da ka-xes Tavze gvicxovria erTxans~; ai, Ji-maGureli, muzma xanc qqqqˆnobnobnobnobrurururululululueeeenananana----nia nia nia nia (Kif. 81, 22) ài, Cemo Zmao (`Zmam-kvdaro~) ramden xans gvZinebiao~; ai aTeneri xerxiT dudududuuuuuGGGGoooorerererebubububuna na na na (Kif. 12, 15) àmgvari xerxiT moutKuebiaT mgzavrebi~; eueueueukikikikinununununa na na na do duuduuduuduu‡‡‡‡vivivivilulululu----na na na na xoJi (Kif. 12, 8) àmdgaran da da-uklavT xari~; arTiSaxˆ Te vevevevezizizizirens rens rens rens Zalami muTuni samarTali guguguguururururCqiCqiCqiCqi----nunununuuuuunanananani ni ni ni (t. II, 330, 19) èrTxelac am vezirebs raGac samarTali rom gauCeniaT~; mefeSi osuosuosuosurisrisrisriskukukukuaaaalenslenslenslens,,,, sums memememedidididinanananafufufufunananana oqroSi beyedefi (t. II, 326, 36) `mefis qaliSvilebs, sams dahkargvia oqros beydebi~.

----eseseses susususufiqfiqfiqfiqsisisisiaaaanininini forforforformemememebibibibi II TurII TurII TurII TurmemememeoooobibibibiTiTiTiTi:::: gimasizmarˆ, GoronTemc geggeggeggegˆmurmurmurmurTTTTuuuu----

mumumumudedededesisisisi Tudo (t. I, 23, 40-1) `dame-sizmra, GmerTebi CamosuliKvnen Zirs~; gordems meuremefi viSo gogogogouuuu----lalalalaxuxuxuxudesdesdesdes (t. I, 232, 347-20)~ `baKaKebs meurmeebi iqiT ucemiaT~; meuremefs uluna do sudis uCivuCivuCivuCivlelelelebubububudesdesdesdes (t. I, 232, 347-22) `meurmeebs uvliaT da sasamarTloSi uCivliaT~; xazinas qiqiqiqi----gengengengenTxafuTxafuTxafuTxafudesdesdesdes, , , , kari geggeggeggegˆlulululutatatataxuxuxuxudesdesdesdes,,,, fara geggeggeggegˆmumumumuGGGGaaaalulululudesdesdesdes, , , , nabadi qigqigqigqigˆnananana----


94

fafafafaxuxuxuxudesdesdesdes (t. I, 231, 347, 13-16) `xazi-nas Tavs dasxmian, kari CamoemtvriaT, fuli gamoetanaT da nabadi wamoefa-raT~.

g. kartozias mier lazuri kilokavebis dialeqtebis

mixedviT mopovebul masalaSic gardamavali Tu gardauvali

zmnebis inversiul formebSi RS-is mravlobiToba ga-

moxatulia -anananan da -eseseses sufiqsebiT Sesabamis mwkrivebSi. ma-

galiTebs moviKvanT misi monografiidan `lazuri ena da

misi adgili qarTvelur enaTa sistemaSi~ (gv. 99-102):

I TurI TurI TurI TurmemememeoooobibibibiTiTiTiTi:::: qodulubGaqodulubGaqodulubGaqodulubGaffffunanunanunanunan `CauKriaT~ (kart. II, 30611), qodogurafunanqodogurafunanqodogurafunanqodogurafunan `dauswav-liaT~ (kart. II, 30615), qoduqoduqoduqoduddddgigigiginnnnunanunanunanunan `daudgamT~ (kart. II, 30613), uzopinunanuzopinunanuzopinunanuzopinunan ùTqvamT~ (ayar. 10426)...

II TurII TurII TurII TurmemememeoooobibibibiTiTiTiTi:::: dukidafutesdukidafutesdukidafutesdukidafutes àeSenebinaT~ (Ciq. I, 14619), miZiamutesmiZiamutesmiZiamutesmiZiamutes `gvenaxa~ (= gvena-xeT)~ (kart. II, 15638), g�uxTig�uxTig�uxTig�uxTimumumumutestestestes `Ca(mo)suliKvnen~ (kart. I, 20324).

aTinur-arTaSenulSi -eseseses > -e�e�e�e� variantic aris warmo-

dgenili: uziramute�uziramute�uziramute�uziramute� ènaxaT~ (kart. II, 20516).

amrigad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom megrul-lazurSi mice-

miTSi dasmuli realuri subieqtis gamoxatvis modeli kar-

gad warmoaCens ricxvis kavSirs personaluri piris katego-

riasTan. inversiis ganxorcielebis gadamwKveti faqtori ga-

xda personaluri piris raoba, riTac vlindeba kidec enis

egocentruloba.

inversiul zmnebSi ricxvis gamoxatvis zanuri modeli

ase SeiZleba CavweroT: RS [ [ [ [IIII, , , , IIIIIIII, , , , IIIIIIIIIIII] ] ] ] ===={----anananan∞∞∞∞----eseseses∞∞∞∞----nnnn}. . . . es modeli mxolod megrul-lazurSi rodi funqcioni-

rebs. specialur literaturaSi araerTgzis aGuniSnavT,

rom qarTuli enis dasavlur dialeqtebSi (imeruli, guru-

li, ayaruli) inversiul zmnebTan Cveulebrivia RS-is ri-

cxvis gamoxatva S3-is mravlobiTobis niSniT. rogorc n.


95

surmava wers, àyarulSi micemiTSi dasmuli piris mravlo-

biTobis mawarmoebeli zmnuri sufiqsebis (-an, -es) nakvTTa

mixedviT ganawileba zanuris msgavsia~... sufiqsi ----anananan garda-

mavali da medioaqtiuri zmnebis I TurmeobiTsa da gardau-

vali inversiuli zmnis awmKoSi gvxvdeba, sufiqsi ----eseseses garda-

mavali zmnis II TurmeobiTsa da statikuri vnebiTis aorist-

Si, ----enenenen gardauvali zmnis uwKvetelsa da wKvetilSi [Tofu-

ria 1954; surmava 1988, 89-92].

gurulSic micemiT brunvaSi dasmuli realuri subieq-

tis mravlobiToba gamoxatulia ----enenenen, , , , ----anananan sufiqsebiT: `maami-

si guqguqguqguqcicicicien en en en Svilebs~, `biyebs ezoSi gigigigieeeekekekekeTeTeTeTebibibibien en en en kacis moCve-

neba~... [JaJaniZe 1970, 256]. msgavsi viTarebaa qvemoimerulSi,

sadac inversiul da gainversiulebis gzaze mdgom zmnebSi

TiTqmis ar ixmareba ----TTTT sufiqsi subieqtis mravlobiTobis

niSnad. mis nacvlad gamoiKeneba ----enenenen sufiqsi. aseve ----enenenen su-

fiqsi gamoxatavs mesame obieqtur pirsac, roca is micemiT

brunvaSia [kublaSvili 1985, 142]. am process dasavlur di-

aleqtebSi eZleva kvalifikacia, rogorc zanuris substrats

[jGenti 1936; sarJvelaZe 1965, 198], Tumca es ufro enis

Sinagani ganviTarebis Sedegi Cans, vidre zanuris gavlena

[Tofuria 1954; surmava 1988, 92]. aGsaniSnavia, rom msgavsi

tendencia _ ----anananan sufiqsis gamoKeneba ----KKKKeeee||||||||----TTTT sufiqsebis na-

cvlad fereidnul kiloSic SeiniSneba [Ciqobava 1927], aseve

mesxurSic [sarJvelaZe 1984, 567].

ufro metic, svanurSic S3-is mravlobiTobis forman-

tiT xdeba II da III RS-is ricxvis aGniSvna. rogorc v. Tofu-ria SeniSnavs, es funqcia -x formantisaTvis `SedarebiT

axali danakisrebi unda iKos: sg�� Jalat-x eJa, eJ��rs

xal�tx eJa = Zv. qarTuli Tqven giKuar-s igi, maT xuKuar-s

igi. mdgomareoba analogiuria moZme enebSic, oGond gansxva-

veba sufiqsebis gamoKenebaSia: axali qarTuli I da II piris

mravlobiTis ----TTTTɅɅɅɅs mimarTavs, svanuri da lazur-megruli ki


96

_ III p. bolosarTs~ [Tofuria 1967, 28]. rogorc Cans, es

movlena calkeul qarTvelur enebSi maTi Sinagani ganviTa-

rebis Sedegia.

inversiuloba relatiur-statikur zmnebSi erT Tavisebu-

rebasac warmoaCens. realuri obieqtis (morfologiuri su-

bieqtis) mravlobiTobis gamoxatvisas mxolod erTi modeli

moqmedebs ganurCevlad pirTa kombinaciebisa. sqematurad

warmovadgenT magaliTebs:

ROpl1 ____ si Cqi gigigigi‡‡‡‡orororor----TTTT `Sen Cven giKvarvarT~

Tis Cqi vuvuvuvu‡‡‡‡orororor----TTTT `mas Cven vuKvarvarT~

ROpl2 ____ ma Tqva mimimimi‡‡‡‡orororor----TTTT

Tis Tqva uuuu‡‡‡‡orororor----TTTT

`me Tqven miKvarxarT~

`mas Tqven uKvarxarT~

ROpl3 ____ ma Tinef mimimimi‡‡‡‡orsorsorsors `me isini miKvars~

si Tinef gigigigi‡‡‡‡orsorsorsors `Sen isini giKvars~

Tis Tinef uuuu‡‡‡‡orsorsorsors `mas isini uKvars~

rogorc vxedavT, RO3-is ricxvi amJeradac ar aGiniSne-

ba, xolo RO1 da RO2-is mravlobiTi ricxvi ----T T T T sufiqsiT

gamoixateba kombinaciebSi: RS1RO2, , , , RS2RO1;;;; RS3RO1,,,, RS3RO2, , , ,

anu S3-is CarTva ar iwvevs obieqtis ricxvis gamoxatvis (II)

modelis amoqmedebas.

vfiqrobT, amas ganapirobebs realuri subieqtis gamo-

mxatveli samive piris (I, II, III) gaTanabreba + pirovnebis niS-

niT, rac realuri obieqtis (morfologiuri subieqtis) ri-

cxvis gamoxatvisas ufro metad win wamoswevs enisTvis dama-

xasiaTebel subieqtur egocentrizms _ I da II RO ricxvis gamoxatvisas amoqmeddeba mxolod TTTT-aniani modeli.

morfologiuri Tu realuri obieqtis ricxvis gamoxat-

vis sistemis analizma al. oniani im daskvnamde miiKvana, rom

`saerTo-qarTvelurSi (agreTve garkveul safexuramde qar-

Tvelur enebSic) arasavaldebulo pirTa [e. i. obieqtur

pirTa _ l. e.] ricxvi segmenturi morfologiuri erTeu-

liT ar aGiniSneboda; sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, arasavaldebu-


97

lo pirTa mravlobiToba morfologiurad ar iKo gamoxatu-

li~ [oniani 1978, 212]. realurad obieqtis ricxvis ga-

moxatva samsave qarTvelur enaSi ukve arsebuli sistemis

modifikaciis gziT moxda. `qarTuli enis aGmosavlurma

dialeqtebma SemasmenelSi damatebaTa simravlis markireba

moaxdines subieqturi I da II pirebis mravlobiTobis ga-

momxatveli -T sufiqsiT, xolo dasavlurma dialeqtebma

imave subieqturi III piris simravlis gamomxatveli -en

sufiqsiT (gvxvdeba -es sufiqsic)~ [uTurgaiZe 2007, 19].

iTvleba, rom dasavluri dialeqtebi mihKvnen e. w. zanur

models, Tumca zanurSi -T sufiqsiTac gadmoicema obieqtis

simravle I da II pirSi gansxvavebiT qarTulis II da III pire-

bisa. erTi ram cxadia, zanurSi obieqtis mravlobiTobis aG-

niSvnis sistema uSualod ukavSirdeba subieqtis ricxvis aG-

niSvnis sistemas, radgan orivegan amosavalia mTavari princi-

pi _ markireba xdeba im pirisa, romelic adaadaadaadamimimimiaaaanis nis nis nis gamomxat-

velia. damatebiT argumentad movixmobT specifikur mwkrivTa

formebs megrulsa da lazurSi.

$ $ $ $ 8888. . . . mravmravmravmravlolololobibibibiTi riTi riTi riTi ricxvis gamocxvis gamocxvis gamocxvis gamoxatxatxatxatva meva meva meva megrugrugrugrulislislislis IV seIV seIV seIV seririririis mwkriis mwkriis mwkriis mwkrivebvebvebvebsa da sa da sa da sa da lazurlazurlazurlazurisisisis ara ara ara araininininverververversisisisiulululul

TurTurTurTurmemememeoooobiTbiTbiTbiTTa forTa forTa forTa formebmebmebmebSiSiSiSi

I da II seriis ZiriTadi mwkrivebi megrulsa da lazurs

saerTo aqvs, magram sxvaoba Tavs iCens TurmeobiTTa warmoe-

baSi. megrulSi gardamaval zmnebs III seriis mwkrivebi, qar-

Tulis msgavsad, inversiulad ewarmoebaT. am SemTxvevaSi

amosavalia II seriis formebi, amitomac maT g. rogavam `ao-

ristis TurmeobiTis nakvTebi~ uwoda sapirispirod `awmKos

TurmeobiTis nakvTebisa~, romlebic nononono----............ ----e e e e afiqsebiT gamo-

ixateba. swored es ukanaskneli warmoadgens megrulSi spe-

cifikur TurmeobiTebs: `no no no no prefiqsiani TurmeobiTis na-

kvTebis calke Jgufad (meoTxe Jgufad) gamoKofas moepoveba


98

rogorc morfologiuri, ise sintaqsuri safuZveli. 1.

TurmeobiTis es ori Jgufi _ mesame da meoTxe Jgufebi _

dadadadamomomomouuuukikikikidedededebebebebeli nali nali nali nakvTekvTekvTekvTebis sisbis sisbis sisbis sistetetetemis mqomis mqomis mqomis mqoneaneaneanea; ; ; ; 2. gardamavali

zmna awmKos TurmeobiTis nakvTebSi nonononomimimiminanananatitititiuuuuri konri konri konri konstruqstruqstruqstruq----

ciciciciiiiisaa saa saa saa _ _ _ _ TiTiTiTina na na na n o y k i r u e T i s, xolo aoristis Tur-

meobiTis nakvTebSi, dadadadatitititiuuuuri konri konri konri konstruqstruqstruqstruqciciciciiiiisaa saa saa saa _ _ _ _ Tis Tis Tis Tis u y -

k i r u T i n a . 3. istoriuladac isini sxvasxvasxvasxvadasdasdasdasxva droxva droxva droxva drois is is is

warmowarmowarmowarmonaqnaqnaqnaqmnemnemnemnebiabiabiabia~~~~ [rogava 1953, 18].

IV seriis TurmeobiTebSi ricxvis gamoxatvis sistema em-

Txveva awmKo drois mwkrivebSi subieqturi piris mravlobi-

Tis gamoxatvis sistemas: I da II piris ricxvi iwarmoeba ----TTTT

sufiqsiT, xolo III piris mravlobiTi gadmoicema Semdegnai-

rad: III TurmeobiTSi _ ----ananananºººº----aaaa sufiqsiT; IV TurmeobiTsa da

IV pirobiTSi _ ----es es es es sufiqsiT; IV kavSirebiTSi _ ----n n n n forman-

tiT. magaliTad:

IIIIIIIIIIII T u rT u rT u rT u r m em em em e oooo b ib ib ib i T iT iT iT i

I piI piI piI piriririri _ _ _ _ tKuraT nobnobnobnoblalalala‡‡‡‡afuafuafuafueeeeToToToTo aTe droSa, Tqva yvi-

refi (t. I, 279, 395-15) `tKuilad vTamaSobT

(`vTamaSobdiT~) (Turme) am dromde, Tqve da-

mwvrebo~... II piII piII piII piriririri _ _ _ _ Jgiro nonononolalalala‡‡‡‡afuafuafuafueTeTeTeT nardis `kargad TamaSobT

(Turme) nards~... III piIII piIII piIII piriririri _ _ _ _ sum wanas nonononokekekekeTeTeTeTebubububueeeena na na na ‡udes (t. II, 270, 26)

`sam wels aSenebdnen (Turme) saxls~; Ticali

maxinJi ‡ofena Tinefi, namuda qi‡anas nornornornorgigigigi----

lalalalafufufufueeeena na na na (Kif. 12, 1) ìseTi borotebi Kofi-

lan isini, rom qveKanas Kinavdnen (àcivebdnen~)

Turme~...

IV TurmeobiTsa da IV pirobiTSi III piris ----an an an an ricxvis

niSans Caenacvleba ----es es es es sufiqsi. mag.: Tinef nonononoyyyykikikikirurururuedededed----es es es es

dafis ìsini yridnen (Turme) dafnas~; TeS nokobuena,


99

namˆda iro dros nonononotatatatarerererebuedbuedbuedbued----eseseses----kokokoko((((nnnn)))) ìse ndomebiaT (`na-

ndomebaT~), rom KovelTvis dro etarebinaT Turme...

IV kavSirebiTSi S3-is ricxvs ----n n n n sufiqsi gamoxatavs: TaS

nonononoGGGGoooorerererebubububueeeedadadada----n n n n sqan gamˆnarKis àse moetKuebinoT (Turme)

Seni STamomavloba~...

ricxvis gamoxatvis es sistema icvleba e. w. inversiuli

relatiur-statikuri zmnebisaTvis. ramdenadac maT awmKo

inversiulad ewarmoebaT, es Tavs iCens awmKos TurmeobiT-

Sic, kerZod, samsave pirSi RS-is mravlobiTi gamoixateba

erTi da imave morfemiT: III TurmeobiTSi _ ----ananananºººº----aaaa sufiqsiT;

IV TurmeobiTsa da IV pirobiTSi _ ----eseseses sufiqsiT; IV kavSi-

rebiTSi _ ----n n n n morfemiT. magaliTisaTvis moviKvanT III TurIII TurIII TurIII Tur----

memememeoooobibibibiTisTisTisTis formebs:

I piI piI piI piri ri ri ri ____ Tolsˆ sinTe va nonononobbbbGGGGvevevevenananana, , , , mu yirdˆni, vavavavanobnobnobnob----CqveCqveCqveCqvena na na na (Kif. 168, 2-3) `TvalT Cini ar gvqonia (Turme), ra yirda, ar gvcodnia (Turme)~;

II piII piII piII piri ri ri ri ____ Tqva nornornornorCqveCqveCqveCqvena na na na mSvenieri iadoniS toli bira (t. I, 99, 195-7) `Tqven gcodniaT (Turme) mSvenieri iadonis msgavsi mGera~;

III piIII piIII piIII piri ri ri ri ____ va nonononopapapapalulululueeeena na na na muTuni, arTi qomoli squaSi meti (Kif. 12, 18) àr hKoliaT (Turme) ara-vin, erTi vajiSvilis garda~.

rogorc vxedavT, subieqturi piris (morfologiuria

igi, Tu realuri) mravlobiTis gamoxatvisas IV seriis mwkri-

vebSi moqmedebs S-is ricxvis gamoxatvis igive modelebi, rac

I da II seriaSia. rogori viTarebaa obieqturi piris ricxvis

gamoxatvisas?

TvalsaCinoebisaTvis warmovadgenT magaliTebs I seriis

formebTan SepirispirebiT.


100

1) O-is riis riis riis ricxvis gamocxvis gamocxvis gamocxvis gamoxatxatxatxatva komva komva komva kombibibibinanananaciciciciebebebebSiSiSiSi::::

S1O2;;;; S2O1;;;; S1O3;;;; S2O3

awawawawmmmmKKKKoooo:::: III TurIII TurIII TurIII TurmemememeoooobibibibiTiTiTiTi:::: si Cqi bbbbyyyyaaaarunrunrunrun----TTTT `Sen Cven gvwer~

si Cqi nob nob nob nobyyyyaaaarurururueeee----TTTT `Sen Cven gvwer (gvwerdi) Turme~

ma Tqva rrrryyyyaaaarunrunrunrun----TTTT `me Tqven gwerT~

ma Tqva nornornornoryyyyaaaarurururueeee----TTTT `me Tqven gwerT (gwerdiT) Tur-me~

ma Tinefs bbbbyyyyaaaarunqrunqrunqrunq `me maT vwer~

ma Tinefs nobnobnobnobyyyyaaaarurururueqeqeqeq `me maT vwer (vwerdi) Turme~

si Tinefs yyyyaaaarunqrunqrunqrunq `Sen maT wer~

si Tinefs nonononoyyyyaaaarurururueqeqeqeq `Sen maT wer (werdi) Turme~

rogorc vxedavT, O3-is mravlobiToba ar aGiniSneba, xo-

lo O1 da O2-is ricxvi ----T T T T sufiqsiT gadmoicema, anu igive TTTT-

aniani (I) modeli gamoiKeneba, rac I seriis formebSi.

2) O-is mravis mravis mravis mravlolololobibibibiToToToTobis abis abis abis aGGGGniSniSniSniSvna komvna komvna komvna kombibibibinanananaciciciciebebebebSiSiSiSi::::

S3O1;;;; S3O2;;;; S3O3 awawawawmmmmKKKKoooo III Tur III Tur III Tur III TurmemememeoooobibibibiTiTiTiTi

Tina Cqi bbbbyyyyaaaarurururunananana

ìs Cven gvwers~

Tina Cqi nobnobnobnobyyyyaaaarurururueeeenananana

ìs Cven gvwers (gvwerda) Turme~

Tina Tqva rrrryyyyaaaarurururunananana ìs Tqven gwerT~

Tina Tqva nornornornoryyyyaaaarurururueeeenananana ìs Tqven gwerT (gwerdaT) Turme~

Tina Tinefs yyyyaaaarunsrunsrunsruns ìs maT swers~

Tina Tinefs nonononoyyyyaaaaruerueruerue ìs maT wers (werda) Turme~

aqac O3-is mravlobiToba ar gamoixateba, xolo O1 da

O2-is ricxvi _ ----anananan / / / / ----aaaa sufiqsiT IV TurmeobiTSi, IV piro-

biTSi _ ----eseseses,,,, IV kavSirebiTSi _ ----nnnn sufiqsiT gadmoicema.

IV seriaSi obieqturi piris ricxvis gamoxatvis orive

is modeli gamoiKeneba, romelic I da II seriis formebSi

gvaqvs. amdenad, megrulSi IV seriis mwkrivebSi subieqturi

da obieqturi piris mravlobiTi ricxvis gamoxatvis oTxive

modeli funqcionirebs.

specialur literaturaSi aGniSnulia, rom Turmeobi-

Tis wKebaSi megrul erTpirian zmnasTan gvaqvs a G w e r i -


101

T i da o r g a n u l i warmoeba. aGweriT warmoebas axasia-

Tebs ----ereereereere ((((||||||||→→→→eeeeeeee||||||||→→→→eeee) ) ) ) sufiqsi. rogorc i. asaTiani SeniS-

navs, `-ere sufiqsiani warmoeba TurmeobiTisa megrulsa da

lazurs saerTo unda hqondeT. oGond lazuri am mxriv uf-

ro Sorsaa wasuli. -ere sufiqsiani warmoeba TurmeobiTisa

lazurSi Tu erTaderTi ara, Kovel SemTxvevaSi Kvelaze ga-

vrcelebuli, ZiriTadi warmoebaa Kvela saxis zmnebSi. me-

grulSi igi mxolod erTpirian, gardauval zmnebSia~ [asa-

Tiani 1970, 151].

lazurSi ----ere ere ere ere sufiqsiani TurmeobiTi ZiriTadad ga-

vrcelebulia xofur kilokavSi da warmodgenilia misi 4 sa-

xeoba: 1. nanamKousrulari TurmeobiTi, 2. naaoristali

TurmeobiTi pirveli, 3. naaoristali TurmeobiTi meore, 4.

pirobiTisagan nawarmoebi TurmeobiTi [kartozia 1976, 121].

rogorc megrulSi, aseve lazurSi ----ere ere ere ere sufiqsiT na-

warmoebi TurmeobiTebi mravlobiTSi ricxvis niSnebs bolo-

Si dairTavs: ----ere ere ere ere sufiqsis momdevnod I da II pirSi daCnde-

ba ----T T T T morfema, xolo III pirSi _ ----an an an an da ----es es es es sufiqsebi. am

ukanasknelTa ganawileba lazurSi ase xdeba: ----an an an an sufiqsi S3-

is mravlobiTs gamoxatavs nanamKousrular TurmeobiTsa da

naoristal TurmeobiT pirvelSi, xolo ----es es es es sufiqsiT marki-

rebulia S3 naaoristal TurmeobiT meoreSi. moviKvanT maga-

liTebs: nananananamnamnamnamKKKKooooususususrurururulalalalari Turri Turri Turri TurmemememeoooobiTbiTbiTbiTiiii::::

oS paloni asqeri gagagagamaxmaxmaxmaxtetetetererererenan nan nan nan (Kif. II, 18, 24) àsi

... Jariskaci gamosulan Turme~; tu†eGefes kvinCefe

uTokele qoqoqoqogegegegelalalalaxexexexededededererererenan nan nan nan (Kif. 3, 34) ìaraGze Citebi

... damsxdaran Turme~ nanananaaaaaoooorisrisrisristatatatali Turli Turli Turli TurmemememeoooobibibibiTi ITi ITi ITi I::::

gowkeduSi, xorci va en, qaqaqaqaninininixixixixi��eeeeeeeenannannannan! ! ! ! (kart. 1972,

152, 29) `rom gaxeda, xorci ar aris, mouparavT Turme!~

badi binexi TokiS �eine ixixixixmamamamarererereeeeenan nan nan nan (kart. 1972, 153, 24)

`Tokis nacvlad svia cudi venaxi uxmariaT~...


102

nanananaaaaaoooorisrisrisristatatatali Turli Turli Turli TurmemememeoooobibibibiTi IITi IITi IITi II:::: miTxanefe momomomoxTexTexTexTererereretes tes tes tes do Cqini zeqie qaqaqaqamormormormorkekekekeeeeetes tes tes tes

(Ciq. I, 48, 15) `viGaceebi mosulan da Cveni zeqia mou-

tacniaT Turme~; eSqi�afe-na moxTasintes do kai didididixaxaxaxazizizizi----

rerererelelelelererereretestestestes (Ciq. I, 53, 28) `KaCaGebi rom movidodnen da

kargad moemzadebodnen Turme~...

e. w. inversiul zmnebSi RS samsave pirSi S3-is ricxvis

formantebiTaa markirebuli. mag.: ~a! mu loKa Cxomefe gigigigiGGGGuuuu----

tetetetererererenannannannan----��a a a a (Ciq. I, 72, 5) ès ra gemrieli Tevzebi gqoniaTo~;

enTefes Ti arTei `banJgvlia~ _ Joxoni JoGoi uuuuKKKKooooununununteteteteeeeenan nan nan nan

(Ciq. I, 80, 24) `maT erTi `banJgvlia~ rom erqva, iseTi ZaGli

hKoliaT~...

viwur-arqabulsa da aTinur kilokavebSi arainversiuli

TurmeobiTebi iwarmoeba meSveli zmnebis dodododoren ren ren ren àris~,

dordordordortun tun tun tun ìKo~ darTviT [Ciqobava 1936, 141; 144]. Sesabami-

sad gveqneba dodododoren ren ren ren meSveli zmniT nawarmoebi nanamKousru-

lari TurmeobiTi da naaoristali TurmeobiTi I, dordordordortun tun tun tun

meSveli zmniT nawarmoebi naaoristali TurmeobiTi II. Tum-

ca specialur literaturaSi miTiTebulia, rom aTinurSi

nanamKousrulari TurmeobiTi da naaoristali TurmeobiTi

I ar Cans [kartozia 1976, 121, 767. 2].

subieqturi piris ricxvis niSnebi, rogorc wesi, meSveli

zmnis win daCndeba: I da II pirSi _ ----T T T T sufiqsi, xolo III pir-

Si _ mxomxomxomxolod lod lod lod ----es sues sues sues sufiqfiqfiqfiqsi funsi funsi funsi funqciqciqciqciooooninininirebs ganrebs ganrebs ganrebs gansxvasxvasxvasxvavevevevebiT biT biT biT ----ere ere ere ere

susususufiqfiqfiqfiqsisisisiaaaani Turni Turni Turni TurmemememeoooobibibibiTeTeTeTebibibibisasasasagangangangan. . . . magaliTad, naaoristali

TurmeobiTi II-is I pi I pi I pi I piris ris ris ris forma: Sku�a aSo fTqvifTqvifTqvifTqviTuTuTuTudordordordor----

tutututu��aaaa? ? ? ? (kart. 1970, 225, 9-26) `Cveno ase gviTqvamso~. warmo-

vadgenT III piIII piIII piIII pirisrisrisris formebs: nananananamnamnamnamKKKKooooususususrurururulalalalari Turri Turri Turri TurmemememeoooobibibibiTiTiTiTi::::

kinCi ofu ofu ofu ofuTxiTxiTxiTxinamnamnamnamtestestestesdodododorenrenrenren............ (Kif. II, 65, 20) `Cits

aafrendnen Turme~; dun�a uZiramu heSo ikiikiikiikiTxomTxomTxomTxomtestestestes----dodododo----

ren ren ren ren (dium. 23, I-105) `qveKnis unaxavad ise kiTxulobdnen

Turme~;


103

nanananaaoaoaoaorisrisrisristatatatali Turli Turli Turli TurmemememeoooobibibibiTi ITi ITi ITi I:::: okule baba dudududuGGGGuuuuresresresresdodododoren ren ren ren (kart. 1972, 168, 32) `me-

re mama moukvdaT Turme~, haSoTe oSi do sumeneCi koCi

dotdotdotdotkobeskobeskobeskobesdodododoren ren ren ren (dium. 22, I-66) àmgvarad as samoci kaci

damales Turme~. nanananaaoaoaoaorisrisrisristatatatali Turli Turli Turli TurmemememeoooobibibibiTi IITi IITi IITi II::::

nana do baba doGuru-Si hanTefeq qe qe qe qelilililixuxuxuxunesnesnesnes----dordordordor----

tun tun tun tun (dium. 75, VIII-6) `deda da mama rom moukvda amaT da-

isves (Turme) gverdiT~; ar myife nokefeTe ar odas qaqaqaqamomomomo----

kikikikidesdesdesdes----dordordordortun tun tun tun (dium. 28, I-378) èrTi wvrili ZafebiT

(TokebiT) erT oTaxSi dakides Turme~.

amrigad, ricxvis warmoebis TvalsazrisiT, TurmeobiT-

Ta specifikuri formebi megrulsa da lazurSi axals ara-

fers gvTavazobs. aqac moqmedebs mravlobiTis gamoxatvis is

sistema, rac I da II seriis mwkrivebisa da e. w. inversiuli

formebisTvis iqna enaSi SemuSavebuli. cxadia, rom IV Jgufis

TurmeobiTebi megrulSi da arainversiuli TurmeobiTebi

lazurSi axali formaciisaa.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom megrul-lazuri zmnis mTel morfo-

logiur struqturaSi, mkacrad gansazGvruli wesebis Tanax-

mad, funqcionirebs subieqturi da obieqturi piris ricxvis

gamoxatvis 4 ZiriTadi modeli, romlebic sakmaod mdgradi

aGmoCnda.

pirveli modeli asaxavs subieqturi wKobis zmnebSi su-

bieqtis ricxvis aGniSvnis sistemas. Tu zmnas ewKoba mrav-

lobiT ricxvSi dasmuli subieqturi piri, misi simravle

KovelTvis aris aGniSnuli zmnaSi ise, rom daculia [I, II] ~

[III] diqotomia. kerZod, I da II subieqturi piri markirebu-

lia ////----TTTT//// sufiqsiT, xolo III subieqturi piri _ ////----anananan////, , , , ////----eseseses////, , , ,

////----nnnn//// sufiqsebiT (an Sesabamisi alomorfebiT). am ukanasknel-

Ta ganawileba xdeba mkacrad daculi kanonzomierebiT: ////----anananan////

_ awmKo drois mwkrivebSi; ////----eseseses//// namKo drois mwkrivebSi; ////----nnnn////

kavSirebiTebis formebSi. formalurad es SeiZleba ase war-


104

movadginoT:

{TTTT} [[[[IIII, , , , IIIIIIII] ] ] ] ~ [[[[IIIIIIIIIIII] ] ] ] {----anananan∞∞∞∞----eseseses∞∞∞∞----nnnn} ( ( ( (IIII)))) ((((IIIIIIII)))) da ((((IIIIIIIIIIII)))) modelebi gviCvenebs obieqturi piris ri-

cxvis gamoxatvis sistemas obieqturi wKobis zmnebSi.

((((IIIIIIII)))) modeli moqmedebs, roca obieqturi piri warmodge-

nilia kombinaciebSi S1O2, S2O1, S1O3, S2O3. am modelis Ta-

naxmad, zmnaSi aGiniSneba O1 da O2-is mravlobiToba, xolo

O3-is ricxvi ar gamoixateba. Sesabamisad saxezea pirTa

diqotomia, romelic formalurad ase warmogvidgeba:

{----TTTT} [[[[IIII, , , , IIIIIIII] ] ] ] ~ [[[[IIIIIIIIIIII] ] ] ] {ØØØØ } ( ( ( (IIIIIIII)))) es modeli uaxlovdeba (I) models da warmoaCens I da II

piris Taviseburebebs: urTierTCanacvlebadobasa da subieq-

tur egocentrizms. I da II pirisaTvis simravlis momniyebeli

saerTo semantikuri niSania + sxva, romlis markirebac xdeba

zmnaSi ----TTTT ricxvis niSniT, sulerTia, I da II pirebi subieqtu-

ria, Tu obieqturi.

((((IIIIIIII)))) modelSi ar figurirebs S3. magram kombinaciebSi

S3O1, S3O2, S3O3 moqmedebs obieqtis ricxvis gamoxatvis ((((IIIIIIIIIIII))))

modeli. ZalaSi rCeba Semdegi principi: O3-is mravlobiToba

ar aGiniSneba Tumca O1 da O2-is ricxvs gamoxatavs S3-is

simravlis morfemebi. amJerad subieqturi egocentrizmis

princips gadakveTs obieqturi egocentrizmi, rac gansakuT-

rebiT TvalsaCinoa im enebSi, sadac pirovan-klasovani uG-

vlilebaa: mravlobiTSic SenarCunebulia adamianisa da niv-

Tis dapirispireba (sxvadasxva formantiTaa markirebuli,

erTi mxriv, I da II pirebi, meore mxriv _ III piri), Tumca

orsave SemTxvevaSi ricxvis niSani nivTis klasisaa. Zvel qar-

TulSi moqmedi obieqtis ricxvis aGniSvnis sistemac miCneu-

lia klasovani uGvlilebis gadmonaSTad (Ciqobava 1956).

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom {-an}, {-es}, {-n} sufiqsebiT O1 da

O2-is simravlis gadmocemis zanuri ((((IIIIIIIIIIII)))) modeli uaxlovdeba

qarTulSi saxelobiTiT gamoxatuli obieqtis mravlobiTis


105

asaxvis models. is erTgvarad gviCvenebs pirovan-klasovani

uGvlilebisTvis damaxasiaTebel enobriv msoflxedvas:

{----anananan∞∞∞∞ ---- ∞∞∞∞eseseses nnnn} [ [ [ [IIII, , , , IIIIIIII] ] ] ] ~ ØØØØ [ [ [ [IIIIIIIIIIII] ] ] ] ((((IIIIIIIIIIII)))) ((((IIIIIIIIIIII)))) modeli myidrodaa dakavSirebuli ((((IVIVIVIV)))) modelTan,

romelic aris Sedegi enaSi momxdari istoriuli gardate-

xisa _ ininininverververversisisisiis is is is ZaliT micemiTma brunvam SeiZina meti sin-

taqsuri aqtioba, anu relatiur-statikur zmnebSi saqceo

sistemis moSlam, manis rigis pirTa egocentristuli bune-

bis gaaqtiurebam, adamianis aGmniSvneli saxeliT gadmocemu-

li morfologiuri obieqtis realur subieqtad gadaazre-

bam xeli SeuwKo mravlobiTi ricxvis gamoxatvis axali mo-

delis damkvidrebas. inversiam waSala zGvari I, II da III pi-

rebs Soris, ramdenadac III piri mxolod da mxolod +pirov-

nebis niSniT xasiaTdeboda. maSasadame, O1, O2, O3 pirebma

SeiZines subieqturobis niSani, riTac morfologiuri subi-

eqti neitralizebul iqna. Sesabamisad, zmnaSi gamoixata RS-is

mravlobiTi ricxvi {-an}, {-es}, {-n} formantebiT samsave pirSi:

RS [[[[IIII, , , , IIIIIIII, , , , IIIIIIIIIIII] = ] = ] = ] = {----anananan∞∞∞∞----eseseses∞∞∞∞----nnnn}. . . . ( ( ( (IVIVIVIV)))) SeiZleba iTqvas, rom megrul-lazurSi mravlobiTobis

gamoxatvis oTxi modelidan pirveli sami eKrdnoba [I, II] ~

[III] pirTa korelacias, xolo meoTxe _ subieqti ~ arasubi-

eqtis korelacias. maSasadame, zanurSi riririricxvis kacxvis kacxvis kacxvis katetetetegogogogoririririis is is is

asaxasaxasaxasaxvivivivisas gadasas gadasas gadasas gadamwKvemwKvemwKvemwKvetia pertia pertia pertia persosososonanananalulululuri piri piri piri piris faqris faqris faqris faqtotototoriririri,,,, ri-

Tac kargad Cans enis egocentristuli buneba. SemTxveviTi

araa, rom istoriulad ricxvis niSnebma qarTulSi da, nawi-

lobriv, zanurSic [III] piris gamoxatvis funqciac SeiZines.

zanurSi piris mravlobiTis warmoebis oTxi modelidan

((((IIII)))), , , , ((((IIIIIIIIIIII)))) da ((((IVIVIVIV)))) modelebi axlos dgas qarTulSi moqmed mo-

delebTan. specifikuria ((((IIIIIIII)))) modeli iseve, rogorc Tavise-

buria Tanamedrove qarTulSi obieqtis mravlobiTis warmo-

ebis sistema. oTxive models Tu gavaerTianebT, ricxvis

formantebi ase ganawildeba zanurSi:


106

piri MS M. O RS

I T T, an, es, n an, es, n

II T T, an, es, n an, es, n

III an, es, n Ø an, es, n

rogorc vxedavT, ricxvis gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT, I

da II piri zmnaSi KovelTvis markirebulia, xolo III piri _

mxolod maSin, roca is subieqtia (morfologiuri an rea-

luri).

cxrilis mixedviT, zanurSi ----TTTT morfemis funqcia da

adgili garkveuli da stabiluria qarTulisgan gansxvave-

biT, sadac is `moZraobs~ I piridan III pirisaken. saerTod,

mravlobiTis formantTa amgvari `moZraoba~ damaxasiaTebeli

Cans qarTul-zanurisTvis: zanurSi da qarTuli enis dia-

leqtTa nawilSic S3-is niSnebi gadadian I da II pirSi.

cxadia, rom megrul-lazurSi -TTTT morfema KovelTvis ga-

moxatavs I da II piris mravlobiTobas (adamianis aGmniSvneli

pirebi) ganurCevlad rogorobisa (subieqti, obieqti), xolo

-anananan, , , , ----eseseses, , , , ----nnnn morfemebi samsave piris ricxvis aGmniSvnelia,

Tumca markirebisas gaTvaliswinebulia pirTa rogoroba: III

subieqturi Tu I, II obieqturi piri. TavisTavad, -anananan, , , , ----eseseses, , , , ----nnnn

morfemebis ganawilebis wesi (konkretuli mwkrivebis mixed-

viT) kidev erTxel mxars uyers im mosazrebas, rom III piris

niSnebsac da ricxvis markerebsac qarTvelur enebSi isto-

riulad sxva funqcia hqondaT. rogorc Cans, mesame piri

Tavisi uniSnobiT upirispirdeboda I da II pirs mravlobiT

ricxvSic.

miuxedavad saukunovani izolaciisa, megruli da lazuri

gasaocar siaxloves inarCuneben ricxvis warmoebis Tvalsazri-

siT. ufro metic, megrul-lazuri qmnis gramatikuli ricxvis

warmoebis erTian sistemas, romelic sintaqsur da semantikur

donezec warmoaCens saerTo wesebsa Tu tendenciebs.


107

IIIIIIIIIIII Ta Ta Ta Tavivivivi

morfomorfomorfomorfosinsinsinsintaqtaqtaqtaqsursursursuri da i da i da i da sesesesemanmanmanmantitititikukukukuri anari anari anari analilililizizizizi

$ $ $ $ 9999. . . . riririricxvcxvcxvcxvSi SeSi SeSi SeSi SeTanTanTanTanxmexmexmexmebis sabis sabis sabis sakikikikiTxi preTxi preTxi preTxi predidididikakakakatultultultul

SeSeSeSesisisisittttKKKKvevevevebabababaSiSiSiSi

SesitKveba aris sintaqsuri erTeuli, romelSic Semava-

li sitKvebi qmnian garkveul urTierTdamokidebulebas. es

damokidebuleba, sul mcire or sitKvas gulisxmobs, romel-

Tagan erTi mTavaria, gabatonebuli, meore _ masze damoki-

debuli [Ciqobava 1968, 115; kiziria 1982, 21-24]. sitKvaTa

urTierTdamokidebulebis ZiriTadi saxeebia: SeTanxmeba,

marTva da mirTva. amaTgan SeTanxmeba gulisxmobs sitKvaTa

imgvar kavSirs, roca: 1. saxeli iTanxmebs saxels brunvasa

da ricxvSi; 2. saxeli iTanxmebs zmnas ricxvSi [Ciqobava

1968, 117; kvayaZe 1977, 17-19]. SeTanxmebis orive saxeoba

ganapirobebs rogorc saxeluri, aseve predikatuli Sesi-

tKvebebis Taviseburebebs qarTulSi. predikatuli SesitKve-

ba, Tavis mxriv, SeiZleba iKos zmnur-subieqturi da zmnur-

obieqturi [kiziria 1982, 24-25].

rogorc specialur literaturaSia aGniSnuli, predi-

katul SesitKvebaSi `qvemdebaris an damatebis ricxvis for-

ma ar aris gamowveuli sxva wevrTan sintaqsuri urTierTo-

biT, magram amas ver vitKviT Semasmenelze: Semasmenlis ri-

cxvis forma damokidebulia qvemdebaresa da damateba-obieq-

tebze. amitom qvemdebare-Semasmenlisa, erTi mxriv, da dama-

teba-obieqtebisa da Semasmenlis sintaqsuri urTierToba,

meore mxriv, erT-erT ZiriTad sakiTxad am wevrTa Soris

ricxvis (da piris) mixedviT damKarebuli urTierTobis ga-

rkvevas gulisxmobs~ [kvayaZe 1977, 97-98].

qarTuli saliteraturo enis ganviTarebis istoria

gviCvenebs, rom narnarnarnar----TanTanTanTan-iani da ebebebeb-iani mravlobiTiT ga-


108

moxatuli aqtantebisa da Semasmenlis ricxvSi SeTanxmeba

sintaqsurad gansxvavebulad formdeba Zvelsa da axal qar-

TulSi. Zvel qarTulSi, erTi mxriv, -n/-T sufiqsiT gafor-

mebuli qvemdebarisa da pirdapiri damatebis ricxvSi SeTan-

xmeba ormxrivi iKo: saxelis simravle damatebiT markirebu-

li iKo SemasmenelSic _ kac-n-i movid-es... kac-n-i damal-n-

a... ~ rogorc T. uTurgaiZe aGniSnavs, `simravlis gageba Se-

masmenelSi pirmimarT aqtantebs (subieqts, pirdapir damate-

bas, irib damatebas) SeaqvT, e. i. Tu pirmimarTi romelime

aqtanti mravlobiT ricxvSi dgas, igi uTuod SeiTanxmebs

Semasmenels ricxvSi, miuxedavad imisa, am aqtantis simravle

SemasmenelSi markirebuli iqneba Tu ara. SeTanxmeba ricxvSi

imitom unda vivaraudoT, rom mTqmelica da adresatic

zmnur qmedebaSi monawileTa ricxvs pirmimarTi aqtantis

ricxvis mixedviT gansazGvraven~[uTurgaiZe 2007, 11-12). ma-

Sasadame, -eb sufiqsiT gaformebuli aqtantebis SemTxveva-

Sic ricxvSi SeTanxmebaa, Tumca markireba ar xdeba Semasmen-

lis mixedviTac. T. uTurgaiZe SeTanxmebis am saxes calcalcalcal----

mxriv marmxriv marmxriv marmxriv markikikikirerererebulsbulsbulsbuls uwodebs. Sesabamisad, inovaciad miiC-

nevs -eb-iani aqtantebisa (maT Soris micemiTSi dasmuli sa-

xelis) da Semasmenels Soris ormxriv markirebul urTier-

Tobas axal qarTulSi, dialeqtebSi (resp. qarTveluri ene-

bic) [uTurgaiZe 2007, 19; 2009, 173-184].

cxadia, qarTulSi eb eb eb eb sufiqsianma saxelma SeiZina n n n n su-

fiqsian saxelTa msgavsi gageba da scada misi msgavsi sintaq-

suri formebis gakeTeba. ----ebebebeb sufiqsis darad megrul-

lazurSic ----ef ef ef ef morfemas imTaviTve krebiTobis funqcia

hqonda. rogorc k. dondua SeniSnavs, eb-iani mravlobiTis

saxelebi, romlebic nivTis an socialurad pasiuri arsebe-

bis aGmniSvnelia, Semasmenels mxoloobiTSi iTanxmeben ro-

gorc Zvel qarTulSi, aseve megrul-lazurSi [dondua 1967,

143-156]. Tu gramatikuli Sinaarsis gamovlena formis sa-


109

SualebiT xdeba [uTurgaiZe 1957, 150], miT ufro umwer-

lobo ena angariSs uwevs Sinaarss. swored ricxvSi Sinaar-

soblivma SeTanxmebam daakisra ----eb eb eb eb krebiTobis formants

mravlobiTobis gamoxatva sintaqsur doneze. rogorc T.

uTurgaiZe SeniSnavs, `eb eb eb eb sufiqsian saxels axali funqcia

pirvelad adamianTa gamomxatvel saxelebTan unda SeeZina~

[uTurgaiZe 1957, 161]. ase unda momxdariKo megrul-lazur-

Sic. momdevno TavebSi ricxvSi SeTanxmebis sakiTxi ormxrivi

da calmxrivi markirebis wesiT ganxiluli iqneba swored

ori semantikuri Jgufis _ vin vin vin vin da ra ra ra ra Jgufis _ saxelTa Se-

pirispirebis fonze.

samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom

`vin vin vin vin da ra ra ra ra Jgufebad daKofa saxelTa fundamenturi mniSvne-

lobis daJgufebaa, romelic gamsyvalavs qarTvelur enaTa

mTel sistemas. esaa binaruli semantikuri opozicia, rome-

lic amosavalSi adamianisa (pirovnebis) da nivTis morfo-

logiur opozicias varaudobs~ [Ciqobava 1979, 119-133; Se-

ngelia 1988, 146]. amave dros safiqrebelia, rom am semanti-

kuri kategoriis funqcionireba dasaSvebia `enobrivi siste-

mis sxvadasxva rgolSi (ase rom ar iKos, verc vin vin vin vin da ra ra ra ra ki-

TxviTi nacvalsaxelebi Semoinaxavda am dapirispirebas)~ [Se-

ngelia 1988, 146]. vfiqrobT, rom amgvari dapirispireba

kargad Cans megrul-lazurSic sintaqsur doneze.

$ $ $ $ 10101010. . . . vin vin vin vin JJJJgugugugufis safis safis safis saxexexexelis milis milis milis mier zmnaer zmnaer zmnaer zmna----SeSeSeSemasmasmasmasmenmenmenmenlis lis lis lis riririricxvcxvcxvcxvSi SeSi SeSi SeSi SeTanTanTanTanxmexmexmexmebis Sebis Sebis Sebis Sesasasasaxebxebxebxeb

qarTulsa da sxva qarTvelur enebSic saxelTa semanti-

kuri daKofa, pirvel rigSi, gulisxmobs vin vin vin vin da ra ra ra ra Jgufis

gamoKofas. erTi mxriv, gvaqvs adamianis aGmniSvneli saxele-

bi (vinvinvinvin Jgufisa) da meore mxriv, Kvela danarCeni, ara-adami-

anTa saxelebi (rararara Jgufisa) [SaniZe, 1980, 38]. megrul-


110

lazurSic mimimimi<<<<min min min min `vin?~ kiTxva daesmis mxolod adamianis

gamomxatvel saxelebs, xolo mumumumu||||||||mumumumu----��a a a a `ra?~ _ Kvela danar-

Cens, rac adamians ar aGniSnavs [mari 1910, 28; KifSiZe

1914, 047; Ciqobava 1936, 83]. samecniero literaturaSi aG-

niSnulia, rom zan. mimimimi---- da qarT. vivivivi---- masalobrivadac erTi

da igivea [martirosovi 964, 182-183]. cnobilia, rom `vin vin vin vin

nacvalsaxels mravl. ricxvi Cveulebriv ara aqvs, magram cda

ki aris misi gaCenisa: `Karaulebad v i n e b i arian~-o, vki-

TxulobT Kazbegis `mamis mkvlelSi~. simravlis gamosaxata-

vad Cveulebriv `vindavin~ ixmareba~ [SaniZe 1980, 103]. qar-

Tulisgan gansxvavebiT, megrulsa da lazurSi mimimimi||||||||min min min min na-

cvalsaxels mravlobiTi ricxvi ewarmoeba. kerZod, megrul-

Si ----efefefef sufiqsis darTvisas aGdgeba mxoloobiTSi dakargu-

li determinanti sufiqsi nnnn (al. onianis azriT, is moTx.

br. -is uZvelesi niSania iseve, rogorc qarTulSi, [ix. onia-

ni 1989, 148-152]) da miviGebT mimimiminenenenefi fi fi fi formas, xolo

lazurSi mi mi mi mi dairTavs ----fefefefe daboloebas, rogorc xmovanfuZi-

ani saxeli da gveqneba mimimimife fe fe fe forma [KifSiZe 1914, 047-048;

Ciqobava 1936, 84].

maSasadame, zanurSi savsebiT bunebrivia mi mi mi mi `vin~ na-

cvalsaxelis mravlobiTi ricxvis formebi, rac garkveulwi-

lad migvaniSnebs vivivivin n n n Jgufis saxelTa sintaqsur Zalaze ri-

cxvSi SeTanxmebis TvalsazrisiT.

rogorc cnobilia, I da II piri winadadebaSi an piris

nacvalsaxeliTaa warmodgenili, an zmniT gadmocemuli Se-

masmenlis formiT igulisxmeba. rogorc wesi, III piri wina-

dadebaSi arsebiTi saxelebiTaa warmodgenili an CvenebiTi

nacvalsaxelebiT. Tu suTu suTu suTu subibibibieqeqeqeqti pirti pirti pirti pirveveveveli an meli an meli an meli an meoooore pire pire pire piria da ria da ria da ria da dgas mravdgas mravdgas mravdgas mravlolololobiT ribiT ribiT ribiT ricxvcxvcxvcxvSiSiSiSi, , , , is is is is KKKKoooovelvelvelvelTvis iTanTvis iTanTvis iTanTvis iTanxmebs zmnaxmebs zmnaxmebs zmnaxmebs zmna----SeSeSeSe----masmasmasmasmemememenels rinels rinels rinels ricxvcxvcxvcxvSi gamoSi gamoSi gamoSi gamonaknaknaknaklllliiiisis gasis gasis gasis garererereSeSeSeSe da es SeTanxmeba da es SeTanxmeba da es SeTanxmeba da es SeTanxmeba ormxriv markirormxriv markirormxriv markirormxriv markireeeebuliabuliabuliabulia. . . . es aris saerTo norma, rac gatare-

bulia mTlianad megrulsa da lazurSi. magaliTad,


111

a) m e g r u l i

I piI piI piI piriririri:::: Cqi uxaCqCqi uxaCqCqi uxaCqCqi uxaCqˆnTnTnTnT qobalsia arZa muqTaxorasia (Kif. 168, 9) `Cven vuToxniT Kanas Kvela muqTaxorasao~; Cqˆ TiT SibSibSibSiblelelelebubububuananananTiaTiaTiaTia bednieri cxovrebas (sam. 91, 65-105) `Cven imiT SevZlebTo bednierad cxov-rebas~...

II piII piII piII piriririri:::: ... ukuli Tqva Tqva Tqva Tqva TiTo-TiToTˆ iSeiSeiSeiSeeeeelilililiTia Tia Tia Tia (Kif. 28, 13) `mere Tqven TiTo-TiTod adiTo~; Tqva Tqva Tqva Tqva osta-tefi rererereTia Tia Tia Tia vo do? (xub. 21, 17) `Tqven ostatebi xarTo da?~ [danarCeni magaliTebi ix. $ 5 gv. 43-46].

b) l a z u r S i

I piI piI piI piriririri:::: nJas na e�ulunan koCefe, Sku Sku Sku Sku niSanis dedededeuuuuGGGGiiiiramT ramT ramT ramT do pi pi pi pilumTlumTlumTlumT��a a a a (kart. 1970, 230, 16-6) `xeze rom adian kacebi, Cven niSans vumiznebT da vklavTo~; Cqin Cqin Cqin Cqin faaS mogafuSa memememeuuuuluTluTluTluT��a a a a (kart. 1972, 12-14) `Cven fulis saSovrad mivdivarTo~...

II piII piII piII piriririri:::: KurZeni imimimimxorTxorTxorTxorT----i Tqvani Tqvani Tqvani Tqvan----��aaaa? ? ? ? (Ciq. I, 28, 12) `Kur-Zens yamT Tqvenao?~... ar Tqva doTqva doTqva doTqva dolowlowlowlowkekekekediTdiTdiTdiT, , , , beqi qaqaqaqaiiiiSiSiSiSimerTmerTmerTmerT! ! ! ! (kart. 1968, 158-19) `erTi Tqven Caxe-deT, iqneb amoiGoT!~ [danarCeni magaliTebi ix. $ 5. 49-52].

mesame piris aGmniSvneli saxelis mier zmna-Semasmenlis

ricxvSi SeTanxmebisas megrulsa da lazurSi viTareba ic-

vleba. lazurlazurlazurlazurSiSiSiSi verververver dadadadavavavavafiqfiqfiqfiqsisisisireTreTreTreT vercvercvercverc ererererTiTiTiTi SeSeSeSemTxvemTxvemTxvemTxvevavavava vinvinvinvin JJJJgugugugufisfisfisfis sasasasaxexexexelslslslsaaaa dadadada zmnazmnazmnazmna----SeSeSeSemasmasmasmasmenmenmenmeneeeelslslsls SorisSorisSorisSoris ricxvSiricxvSiricxvSiricxvSi calmxrivicalmxrivicalmxrivicalmxrivi markirebimarkirebimarkirebimarkirebiTTTT SeTanSeTanSeTanSeTanxxxxmebisamebisamebisamebisa. . . . aq, rogorc wesi, ri-

cxvSi SeTanxmebis principi absoluturad Kvelganaa gatare-

buli (magaliTebi ixileT $ 5, gv. 51; 55-56), amas ver vitK-

viT megrulze. marTalia, mcire raodenobiT, magram mainc

gvaqvs SemTxvevebi, roca ricxvSi SeTanxmeba araa markire-

buli. masalaSi erTi tendenciac SeiniSneba _ aramarkire-

bulia gardauvali zmniT gadmocemuli Semasmeneli. moviK-

vanT sailustracio masalas:


112

aaaa)))) gardagardagardagardamamamamavavavavali zmniT gamoli zmniT gamoli zmniT gamoli zmniT gamoxaxaxaxatutututuli Seli Seli Seli Semasmasmasmasmemememeneneneneli li li li

riririricxvcxvcxvcxvSiSiSiSi ararararaa markirebuliaa markirebuliaa markirebuliaa markirebuli::::

ineineineinefi varfi varfi varfi varwwwwKKKKeeeeni ni ni ni TeSi dogor miTaJinali (xub. 33, 36)

ìsini rom ver xedavs, ise moZebne yuyrutana (`gasaxedi~);

ase Te ZZZZGGGGaaaabebebebefi fi fi fi mangiors opaopaopaopasuxsuxsuxsuxˆ Te boSis (xub. 281, 18)

àxla es qaliSvilebi samagieros pasuxobs am biys~; ina Go-

ronTiS squsqusqusquaaaalenq qlenq qlenq qlenq q‹‹‹‹Txua Txua Txua Txua (xub. 163, 21) ìs GvTis Svilebma

iTxovao~; TTTTeeeenenqnenqnenqnenq va gegegegeguoguoguoguo (xub. 175, 8) àmaT ver gaigo

~; JJJJiiiimamamamalenq lenq lenq lenq muTun vaTvaTvaTvaTqua qua qua qua (xub. 121, 20) `Zmebma ara-

feri Tqvao~; dodododokirkirkirkirˆ Te Te Te Tenenq nenq nenq nenq Taq muT qoZˆdˆn veSi (xub.

148, 13) `Sekra amaT, aq rac ki nivTi ido~; JJJJiiiimamamamalenq uwlenq uwlenq uwlenq uwuuuu ɷɷ ɷɷ

(xub. 150, 6) `Zmebma uTxra... ~

bbbb) ) ) ) calmxriv markirebcalmxriv markirebcalmxriv markirebcalmxriv markirebuliuliuliuli SeTanxmeba SeTanxmeba SeTanxmeba SeTanxmeba saxelssaxelssaxelssaxelsa daa daa daa da gagagagarrrrdadadadauuuuvavavavalililili zmniT gadmozmniT gadmozmniT gadmozmniT gadmocecececemumumumul zmnal zmnal zmnal zmna----SeSeSeSemasmasmasmasmemememenenenenelllls Soriss Soriss Soriss Soris

TiTiTiTinenenenefi re fi re fi re fi re ostatefi (xub. 21, 15) ìsini aris ostate-

bi~; Cqimi JJJJiiiimamamamalelelelefi qfi qfi qfi qˆmursmursmursmurs do dor‡vilunsia (xub. 146, 16)

`Cemi Zmebi mova da mogklavso~; aTe SarefiSa uliuliuliulirie rie rie rie Cqimi

JJJJiiiimamamamalelelelefi fi fi fi (xub. 148, 19) àm gzebze wasulia Cemi Zmebi~; sqan

squsqusqusquaaaalefqlefqlefqlefqˆ do do do doGGGGururururˆ (xub. 238, 30) `Seni Svilebi mokvda~;

muTu uCauCauCauCaSeSeSeSefi qorfi qorfi qorfi qordudududu ni... (Kif. 5, 21) `rac ki ufrosebi

iKo... ~ mamamamaKKKKaaaarefqrefqrefqrefqˆTTTT((((iiii)))) gagagagakokokokocu cu cu cu (sam. 51, 39-29) `maKrebic dai-

Sala~; mara sin sin sin sinJJJJaaaalemqlemqlemqlemqˆ sole oko mo mo mo morTarTarTarTasia sia sia sia (Kif. 91, 25)

`magram siZeebi saidan unda movides~; es eneeneeneenefi vafi vafi vafi vafiqfiqfiqfiqrencrencrencrencˆ

(sam. 98, 66-283) àmas eseni ar fiqrobs~; odo mumumumunefq nefq nefq nefq Cxomo

gigigigininininirTrTrTrTˆ (xub. 247, 31) `hoda, isini Tevzad iqca~; TeTeTeTenenq nenq nenq nenq

dirdirdirdirCiCiCiCinunununu ɷɷ ɷɷ (xub. 138, 28) èseni daberda~. qemerTˆni, qoqoqoqomamamamazadzadzadzadˆ

muSi dadadadalenqlenqlenqlenqˆ (t. II, 16, 14) `rom mivida, gamoegeba misi de-

bi~; ena JJJJiiiimamamamalenq ixuu lenq ixuu lenq ixuu lenq ixuu Zalami (t. II, 12, 24) ès Zmebma Zalian

iwKina~; yes qawuxens JJJJiiiimamamamalelelelefi vafi vafi vafi varerererenei nei nei nei (t. II, 12, 20) cotaTi

ki swuxs, Zmebi rom ar arian (àris~).


113

gggg) ) ) ) rererereaaaalulululurrrr su su su subibibibieqeqeqeqttttsa dasa dasa dasa da in in in inverververversisisisiuuuulililili zmniT gamozmniT gamozmniT gamozmniT gamoxaxaxaxa----

tul Setul Setul Setul Semasmasmasmasmemememenelsnelsnelsnels Soris calmxriv markirebuli SeTan Soris calmxriv markirebuli SeTan Soris calmxriv markirebuli SeTan Soris calmxriv markirebuli SeTanxxxx----mebamebamebameba

eTi dedededememememefis nofis nofis nofis no‡‡‡‡unue unue unue unue xolo dida (xub. 240, 18) ìm de-

vebs hKolia kidev deda~; TeTeTeTenenc nenc nenc nenc Tiq qeqeqeqe‡‡‡‡oroforoforoforofˆ (xub. 186,

16) àmaT is SeuKvarda~; ... Ti osuosuosuosurefcrefcrefcrefc ‡ude usqvamuri

afuafuafuafunianianiania (sam. 123, 21) ìm qalebs saxli ulamazo (`daulage-

beli~) aqvso~; gurq memememexorcqxorcqxorcqxorcqˆ mar mar mar marCqiCqiCqiCqilefclefclefclefc (sam. 105, 67-31)

`guli gauskda msmenelebs~; tttteeeerefcrefcrefcrefc odiareT okodokodokodokodˆ (sam.

89, 65-7) `mtrebs saZovrad undoda~; TiTiTiTinefcnefcnefcnefcˆ va Se Se Se SeuuuuuuuuttttKKKKveveveve----

bubububududududukokokoko noteva (Kif. 75, 1) `maT ar SeetKoT netav~; JJJJveveveve----

SefcSefcSefcSefc lekuri ukeukeukeukebubububududududu............ (sam. 112, 74, 7) `winaprebs xmali

eyira~;. TiTiTiTinems venems venems venems vemewmewmewmewoooonenenenebubububunininini mu eferi cirefi re (t. I. 225,

335-3) `maT rom ar moewoneba, aseTi ra gogoebi arian~; ase-

ian osuosuosuosurens axarens axarens axarens axarensrensrensrens parkiS fara (t. I, 225, 336-1) àxlan-

del qalebs axarebs (abreSumis) parkis fuli~.

vinvinvinvin Jgufis saxels xSirad axlavs mmmmsasasasazzzzGGGGvrevrevrevrelililili, , , , rorororomemememe----

lic gamolic gamolic gamolic gamoxaxaxaxatavs ratavs ratavs ratavs raoooodedededenonononobasbasbasbas. . . . aseTi msazGvreli megrulSi

SeiZleba iKos raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxeli, maT Soris na-

wilakiani formebi jjjjiriririrxoxoxoxololololo òrive~ tipisa, aseve krebiTo-

bis semantikis mqone brebrebrebrelililili `bevri~, ararararZaZaZaZa||||||||ararararZoZoZoZo `Kvela~.

lazurSic raodenobiTi ricxviTi saxelebis garda msa-

zGvrelad gvaqvs mTemTemTemTelililili||||||||TeTeTeTelililili `Kvela~ ganusazGvrelobiTi

nacvalsaxeli. rogorc cnobilia, qarTuli saliteraturo

enis normis Tanaxmad, aseTi saxelebiT gansazGvruli qvemde-

bare dgas mxoloobiT ricxvSi, Semasmenelsac mxoloobiT

ricxvSi iTanxmebs. megrulsa da lazurSi es norma darGveu-

lia, Tumca viTareba erTnairi mainc ar aris. raodenobis

aGmniSvneli saxeliT gansazGvruli qvemdebare xan mxoloo-

biT ricxvSia, xan _ mravlobiTSi, Tumca lazurSi tenden-

cia iqiTkenaa, rom mxoloobiTSi SeewKos sazGvruli msa-

zGvrels. megrulSi msazGvrel-sazGvrulis kavSiri, SeiZle-


114

ba ase iTqvas, nebismieria: Tanabrad aris rogorc SeTanxme-

bis, aseve SeuTanxmeblobis SemTxvevebi. bunebrivia, Semasmen-

lis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis drosac amgvari qvemdebare Tavise-

burad iqceva, magram erTi sxvaoba megrulsa da lazurs So-

ris aqac TvalSisacemia: lazurlazurlazurlazurSi raSi raSi raSi raoooodedededenonononobis maCbis maCbis maCbis maCvevevevenenenenebebebebeli li li li

sasasasaxexexexeliT ganliT ganliT ganliT gansasasasazzzzGGGGvruvruvruvruli qvemdebare li qvemdebare li qvemdebare li qvemdebare (miuxedavad imisa, mxo-

loobiTSia Tu mravlobiTSi) zmnazmnazmnazmna----SeSeSeSemasmasmasmasmemememenels nels nels nels KKKKoooovelvelvelvelTvis Tvis Tvis Tvis

iTaniTaniTaniTanxmebs rixmebs rixmebs rixmebs ricxvcxvcxvcxvSiSiSiSi. . . . moviKvanT sailustracio masalas lazu-

ridan:

aaaa) ) ) ) riririricxvicxvicxvicxviTi saTi saTi saTi saxexexexeliT ganliT ganliT ganliT gansasasasazzzzGGGGvruvruvruvruli qvemdebareli qvemdebareli qvemdebareli qvemdebare dgas mxodgas mxodgas mxodgas mxololololooooobiT ribiT ribiT ribiT ricxvcxvcxvcxvSi da zmnaSi da zmnaSi da zmnaSi da zmna----SeSeSeSemasmasmasmasmemememenelsnelsnelsnels

SeiwSeiwSeiwSeiwKKKKobs mravobs mravobs mravobs mravlolololobiTbiTbiTbiTSiSiSiSi

jur Jjur Jjur Jjur Juuuuma ma ma ma m e n d a x T e s noGaSe, Jumu d i i n d r e s

(kart. 1970, 229, 14-2) òri Zma wavidnen qalaqSi, marili

iKides~; SqiT beSqiT beSqiT beSqiT berererere----Cqimiq (h)andGa diSqaSe i d e s (dium.

24, I-178) `Cemi Svidi bavSvi dGes SeSaze wavidnen~; jjjjur kour kour kour ko----

Ci Ci Ci Ci o k o x e n a n (jG. 104, 8) òri kaci sxedan~; sum sum sum sum Tane

bee bee bee bee arqadaSi d i K v e s (Ciq. I, 79, 19) `sami toli bavSvi

amxanagebi gaxdnen~; zamanis jjjjur kour kour kour koCiq Ciq Ciq Ciq KurZeni d o w i l e s

(Ciq. I, 22-21) `droulad orma kacma KurZeni dakrifes~ ...

amma Jur laJur laJur laJur laziqziqziqziq m o g u r e s - � a (Ciq. I, 23-24) `magram or-

ma lazma gvaswavleso~...

bbbb) ) ) ) rarararaoooodedededenonononobibibibiTi saTi saTi saTi saxexexexeliT ganliT ganliT ganliT gansasasasazzzzGGGGvruvruvruvruli li li li qvemdebare qvemdebare qvemdebare qvemdebare dgasdgasdgasdgas mravmravmravmravlolololobiT ribiT ribiT ribiT ricxvcxvcxvcxvSi da SeSi da SeSi da SeSi da Semasmasmasmasmemememenels iTannels iTannels iTannels iTanxmebs mravxmebs mravxmebs mravxmebs mrav----

lolololobiTbiTbiTbiTSiSiSiSi ( ( ( (ormxrivi markirebaormxrivi markirebaormxrivi markirebaormxrivi markireba))))

jjjju kou kou kou koCeCeCeCefe fe fe fe m u l u n a n (kart. 1972, 167, 11) òri ka-

cebi modian~; ... oSi wana woxle xofas jur Jjur Jjur Jjur Juuuumamamamalelelelefe fe fe fe ma-

mo�oGlefeq kabGas qogqogqogqog��ooooyyyykes kes kes kes (Kif. 12, 11) àsi wlis winaT

xofaSi orma Zmebma _ mamo�oGlebma omi daiwKes~; mTemTemTemTeli li li li

kokokokoCeCeCeCefe fe fe fe u k u i b G e s do daCxiri q a n o s q i r i n e s (Ciq.


115

I, 90, 12) `Kvela kacebi gaiqcnen da cecxli Caaqres~; awi JJJJuuuu----

mamamamalelelelefeq mTefeq mTefeq mTefeq mTeliqliqliqliqTi Ti Ti Ti baba-muSiSi kai owkomilus q o g � o -

y k e s (kart. 1972, 135, 3) àxla Zmebma Kvelam mamis gaxda

daiwKes~.

lazurisgan gansxvavebiT, memememegrulgrulgrulgrulSi Si Si Si ori norma iCens

Tavs: aaaa)))) ganuganuganuganusasasasazzzzGGGGvrevrevrevreli nli nli nli naaaacvalcvalcvalcvalsasasasaxexexexeliT arliT arliT arliT arZaZaZaZa||||||||ararararZo Zo Zo Zo `KKKKvevevevelalalala~~~~

da rida rida rida ricxvicxvicxvicxviTi saTi saTi saTi saxexexexeliT ganliT ganliT ganliT gansasasasazzzzGGGGvruvruvruvrulllli qvemi qvemi qvemi qvemdedededebabababare mxore mxore mxore mxololololooooo----biT ribiT ribiT ribiT ricxvcxvcxvcxvSi dgasSi dgasSi dgasSi dgas, , , , SeSeSeSemasmasmasmasmemememenenenenelic mxolic mxolic mxolic mxololololooooobiT ribiT ribiT ribiT ricxvcxvcxvcxvSi SeSi SeSi SeSi Seeeee----wwwwKKKKoooobabababa. . . . magaliTad:

ararararZa muZa muZa muZa muSaSaSaSa----momomomoxanxanxanxandeq deq deq deq oko g e g ˆ m i g v a n a s ˆ (sam. 115,

76, 31) `Kvela mSromeli unda gamoZGes~; jijijijiri Jri Jri Jri Jiiiima ma ma ma maxinJi

koCi q o ‡ o f e (Kif. 52, 20) òri Zma qurdi Kofila~;

q o ‡ o f e n i a viviviviToToToTojijijijiri Jri Jri Jri Jiiiima ma ma ma kaTa (Kif. 14, 22) `Kofila

Tormeti Zmakaci~; m i d a r T ˆ e bruo koCqbruo koCqbruo koCqbruo koCqˆ (xub. 168,

17) `wavida es rva kaci~. eCi do viT eCi do viT eCi do viT eCi do viT Karuli g uɷ J a n u -

n i a Tisia gale (xub. 134, 2) òcdaaTi daraJi uwevs mas

garSemo~; aTe KoSisˆ susususumimimimi zizizizisusususunanananaxe gˆmaxe gˆmaxe gˆmaxe gˆmaxexexexenianianiania (t. II, 14, 15)

àm koSkSi sami mzeTunaxavi ziso~.

Tumca SeiZleba gamonaklisic gvqondes _ Semasmeneli

mravlobiTSi idges. mag.: àrarararZo meZo meZo meZo mewawawawamamamamaleqleqleqleqˆ g i n o y K v i -

d e s (Kif. 36, 3) `Kvela mewamlem gadawKvites~; SqviT koCq SqviT koCq SqviT koCq SqviT koCq

xior-xioria do xargelo mimimimininininiles les les les (xub. 228, 5) `Svidi kaci

xrigin-xriginiTa da xoragiT Semovidnen~. aTe jijijijiri Jri Jri Jri Jiiiimaq maq maq maq

otKaleSa mimimimidardardardarTesTesTesTesˆ (t. II, 12-16) ès ori Zma sanadirod

wavida~. arTˆmajiaS xasias cxovcxovcxovcxovrenrenrenrendes jdes jdes jdes jiiiiri meri meri meri mezozozozobebebebeeeeefi fi fi fi (t.

II, 332, 36) `gverd-gverd cxovrobdnen ori mezoblebi~. bbbb) ) ) ) rarararaoooodedededenonononobis abis abis abis aGGGGmniSmniSmniSmniSvnevnevnevneli sali sali sali saxexexexeliT ganliT ganliT ganliT gansasasasazzzzGGGGvruvruvruvruli li li li

qvemqvemqvemqvemdedededebabababarererere dgas mrdgas mrdgas mrdgas mravavavavlolololobiT ribiT ribiT ribiT ricxvcxvcxvcxvSiSiSiSi, , , , mas mas mas mas SeSeSeSemasmasmasmasmemememeneneneneli li li li mravmravmravmravlolololobiT ribiT ribiT ribiT ricxvcxvcxvcxvSiSiSiSi eTan eTan eTan eTanxmexmexmexmebabababa ormxrivi markireb ormxrivi markireb ormxrivi markireb ormxrivi markirebiTiTiTiT. . . . maga-

liTad:

Cqi v o r d i T su su su sumemememeneneneneCi JCi JCi JCi Jiiiimamamamalelelelefifififi (Kif. 22, 15) `Cven

viKaviT samoci Zmebi~; Te jjjjiiiiri bori bori bori boSeSeSeSefifififi ciraSi oxvamilafuSa


116

m i i S e s ˆ - n i (Kif. 64, 1) ès ori biyebi gogos mosata-

ceblad rom midiodnen~; bolos susususumimimimi memememedidididiaaaatotototorenq renq renq renq q e S i -

a f a s e s ‡ude, xula (t. I, 216, 320-84) `bolos samma medi-

atorebma Seafases saxli, xula~; j j j jiriririrxoxoxoxolo sinlo sinlo sinlo sinJJJJaaaalenqlenqlenqlenqˆ dudi

g e k o y o f e e s ˆ (Kif. 94, 22) òrive siZeebma Tavi wamoK-

ves~; q e g e d o x o d e s jjjjiriririrxoxoxoxolo talo talo talo taririririeeeelemqlemqlemqlemqˆ raSemc (Kif.

103, 32) `dasxdnen orive vajkacebi cxenebze~; Cqimi JJJJiiiimamamamalefq lefq lefq lefq

ararararZoqZoqZoqZoq d i i y K a n y K e s (Kif. 22, 23) `Cemi Zmebi Kvela ga-

isrisnen~.

gamonaklisebi aqac gveqneba. mag.: Tiwkˆma arTo d i -

z G o d ˆ xolo brebrebrebreli leli leli leli leqerqerqerqerTefqTefqTefqTefq (sam. 102, 66-421) `maSin

sul gawKda bevri vajkacebi~; sum Zsum Zsum Zsum ZGGGGaaaabebebebefifififi q i m T o x e gali-

as (xub. 281, 14) `sami gogoebi zis galiaSi~...

rogorc vxedavT, memememegrulgrulgrulgrulSi mravSi mravSi mravSi mravlolololobibibibiToToToTobis sebis sebis sebis semanmanmanmantitititikis kis kis kis mqomqomqomqone sane sane sane saxexexexeliT ganliT ganliT ganliT gansasasasazzzzGGGGvruvruvruvruli qvemli qvemli qvemli qvemdedededebabababaris forris forris forris forma ganama ganama ganama ganapipipipirorororo----bebs Sebebs Sebebs Sebebs Semasmasmasmasmenmenmenmenlis rilis rilis rilis ricxvsaccxvsaccxvsaccxvsac _ mxoloobiTSi dasmul qvemde-

bares Semasmenelic mxoloobiTSi ewKoba, xolo mravlobiT-

Si dasmul qvemdebares _ Semasmeneli mravlobiT ricxvSi

eTanxmeba. maSasadame, ZiriTadad xdeba formisa da Sinaarsis

Tanxvedra.

lazurlazurlazurlazurSiSiSiSi erTgvari uniformacia gvaqvs _ Kvela Se-

mTxvevaSi Sinaarsi uswrebs formas, anu raodenobis gamo-

mxatveli saxeliT qvemdebaris gansazGvra sakmarisi pirobaa

imisTvis, rom Semasmeneli qvemdebarem mravlobiT ricxvSi

SeiwKos. xSirad amgvar winadadebebSi sazGvruli saxeli Ca-

vardnilia da raodenobriobis gamomxatveli msazGvreli

kisrulobs qvemdebaris rols. aseT viTarebaSi lazurSi,

rogorc mosalodnelia, ricxvSi SeTanxmeba xdeba, e. i. riririri----cxvicxvicxvicxviTi saTi saTi saTi saxexexexeliT an ganuliT an ganuliT an ganuliT an ganusasasasazzzzGGGGvrevrevrevrelolololobibibibiTi naTi naTi naTi nacvalcvalcvalcvalsasasasaxexexexeliT liT liT liT gadmogadmogadmogadmocecececemumumumul qveml qveml qveml qvemdedededebabababaresTan zmnaresTan zmnaresTan zmnaresTan zmna----SeSeSeSemasmasmasmasmemememeneli Kneli Kneli Kneli KoooovelvelvelvelTTTTvis vis vis vis mravmravmravmravlolololobiT ribiT ribiT ribiT ricxvcxvcxvcxvSi dgasSi dgasSi dgasSi dgas. . . .

magaliTad: aaaa)))) qvemqvemqvemqvemdedededebabababare rire rire rire ricxvicxvicxvicxviTi saTi saTi saTi saxexexexelilililiTaa gamoTaa gamoTaa gamoTaa gamoxaxaxaxatutututulililili::::

oTxooTxooTxooTxoTi Ti Ti Ti q o g e d g i T e s gzas (kart. 1972, 13, 34)


117

òTxive daadgnen gzas~; jjjjuiuiuiui----Ti Ti Ti Ti o k v a k i d e s (Ciq. I, 84,

18) òrive waiCxubnen~; jjjjuuuuiiiiTi Ti Ti Ti arTiqaTis n u g a m a n (kart.

1972, 167, 12) òrive erTmaneTs Sexvdebian~; jjjjuuuuriririri----Ti Ti Ti Ti bara-

ber n u l u n a n (jG. 109, 15) òrive erTad dadian~; jjjjuuuu----

riririri----Ti Ti Ti Ti d o G u r e s (dium. 81, IX-107) òrive mokvdnen~; jjjjuuuu----

ri ri ri ri xolo m e x T e s do g o w k e d e s -Si (KifS. 16, 18)

òrive rom mividnen da gaaGes~...

bbbb)))) qvemqvemqvemqvemdedededebabababare gadmore gadmore gadmore gadmocecececemumumumulia nalia nalia nalia nacvalcvalcvalcvalsasasasaxexexexelelelelebiTbiTbiTbiT mTemTemTemTelililili||||||||TeTeTeTelililili, , , , iri iri iri iri `KKKKvevevevelalalala~~~~

CqvaSi berefes owkedu, TeTeTeTelililili muslimani d i K v e s (Kif.

5, 37) `sxvis bavSvebs Sexeda, Kvela muslimani gaxdnen~; mTemTemTemTe----

liqliqliqliq GGGGaaaaGGGGaaaalllleseseses do xasanis uwves-qi... (Ciq. I, 90, 26) `Kvelam

ilaparakes da xasans uTxres, rom... ~ mTemTemTemTeliqliqliqliq----TiTiTiTi xoJas

o w k e t e s (Ciq. I, 7, 15) `Kvela xoJas xedavdnen~; mCxui

mTemTemTemTeliqliqliqliq q o y k o m e s (Ciq. I, 1, 25) `cxvari Kvelam Seyames~;

mTemTemTemTeliqliqliqliq xoJas u s i m i n a n do àmin!~ zoponan (Ciq. I, 30,

35) `Kvela xoJas usmenen da àmin!~ amboben~; iriiriiriiri o k i k a -

T e s do sum CaTali gzaSe q o m o x T e s (dium. 28, I-369)

`Kvela Seikribnen da samive gzidan movidnen~; iriqiriqiriqiriq berefe

q o m e C e s meqTebis (Kif. 5-32) `Kvelam Svilebi SeiKvanes

(`misces~) skolaSi~.

m e g r u l S i ricxviTi saxeliTa da ganusazGvrelobi-

Ti nacvalsaxelebiT ararararZaZaZaZa||||||||ararararZoZoZoZo, , , , iriiriiriiri `Kvela~, `Koveli~ gamo-

xatuli qvemdebare Z i r i T a d a d zmna-Semasmenels mravlo-

biT ricxvSi SeiwKobs. tendencia iqiTken midis, rom moxdes

ricxvSi Sinaarsoblivi SeTanxmeba. magaliTebi megrulidan:

aaaa) ) ) ) riririricxvicxvicxvicxviTi saTi saTi saTi saxexexexeli zmnali zmnali zmnali zmna----SeSeSeSemasmasmasmasmemememenels nels nels nels mravmravmravmravlolololobiTbiTbiTbiTSi SeSi SeSi SeSi SeiiiiwwwwKKKKobsobsobsobs::::

g e g ˆ m i n w K i i s jjjjiriririrxoxoxoxoloqloqloqloq (Kif. 94, 6) `gamoewKvnen

orive~; r e n a Teqˆ jjjjiriririrxoxoxoxololololo (Kif. 83, 7) àrian iq orive~;

jjjjiriririrxoxoxoxoloq loq loq loq qaSqvili do qasagani q a ‡ o T e s (xub. 101, 11)

òrivem mSvildisari isroles~; jjjjiriririrxoxoxoxoloq loq loq loq satevari g e g ˆ -


118

l e n w K e s (xub. 101, 14) `samive satevari Camoixsnes~; sumsumsumsum----

xoxoxoxolllloq oq oq oq d Š f x a n a g e s (xub. 112, 22) òrive daZmobil-

dnen~; su su su sumi xomi xomi xomi xolo lo lo lo Cilami, squami r d e s (xub. 64, 2) `samive

col-Sviliani iKvnen~. magram gvaqvs gamonaklisic: jjjjiriririrxoxoxoxoloq loq loq loq

e k i r T ˆ breli xioliT (t. II, 16, 34) òrive waiqca didi

sixaruliT~; susususumimimimixoxoxoxolos los los los arTi xenwifeSi osursqualefi

‡ u n s i a (t. II, 16, 11) `samives erTi xelmwifis qaliSvile-

bi hKavso [colad].

bbbb) ) ) ) ganuganuganuganusasasasazzzzGGGGvrevrevrevrelolololobibibibiTi naTi naTi naTi nacvalcvalcvalcvalsasasasaxexexexeli zmnali zmnali zmnali zmna----SeSeSeSemasmasmasmasmemememenels nels nels nels mravmravmravmravlolololobiTbiTbiTbiTSi SeiwSi SeiwSi SeiwSi SeiwKKKKobsobsobsobs

guluaS(i) oTxozinˆSa ararararZaq Zaq Zaq Zaq m i d e T a r x a l e s (sam.

93, 66-60) `guluas mdevrad Kvela gacvivdnen~, ar ar ar arZo Zo Zo Zo arTo

arTiancˆ m u n a n T x u d e s ˆ (Kif. 99, 19) `Kvela erTad

erTmaneTs ecemodnen~; arZoq arZoq arZoq arZoq g e g ˆ n o c i i s ˆ Sxva ardgi-

lefiSa (Kif. 86, 8) `Kvela gacvivdnen sxva adgilebze~; arararar----

Zaq Zaq Zaq Zaq TanaxmaT g i n i r T e s (Kif. 83, 29) `Kvela daeTanxma

(`Tanaxma `gaxdnen~). ararararZaq Zaq Zaq Zaq oko q i m e r T a n xaniSa didi

ZGveniT~; (xub. 14, 24) `Kvela unda mividnen xanTan didi

ZGvniT~; ir ir ir irkoCqkoCqkoCqkoCqˆ arTo ùra!~ q ˆ d i Z a x e s ˆ (Kif. 92, 14)

`Kvelam erTad `vaSa!~ daiZaxes~...

SedarebiT naklebad, magram Tavs iCens SemTxvevebic,

roca Semasmeneli mxoloobiTSi dgas. mag.: ararararZoq Zoq Zoq Zoq q o -

Z i r ˆ , muSa rdˆ saqmen (xub. 136, 14) `Kvelam naxa, Tu ra-

Si iKo saqme~; ararararZas Zas Zas Zas g a u k v i r d ˆ (xub. 223, 30) `Kvelas

gaukvirda~, ararararZos Zos Zos Zos venok m u G ˆ (xub. 286, 4) `Kvelas gvir-

gvini moaqvs~; ararararZaqZaqZaqZaqˆ d o S q u r o n d u a (t. II, 22, 20) `Kve-

la daSindao~ (Kif. 95, 13); iriririrkockockockocˆ g u u k v i r d ˆ ... (Kif.

84, 8) `Kvelas gaukvirda~; anw iriririrkokokokoCiCiCiCi i r C q i n a n s (t. I,

24, 41, 3) àwi Kvelas ecodineba~... rogorc vxedavT, for-

mobrivi SeTanxmeba Tavs iCens gardauval, gansakuTrebiT, in-

versiul-gardauval zmnebTan.

memememegrulgrulgrulgrulSi vinSi vinSi vinSi vin Jgufis saxelebs miekuTvneba krebiTi sa-


119

xeli kakakakaTaTaTaTa `xalxi~, romlis mniSvnelobiT lazurSi ixmareba

nasesxebi sitKva `milmilmilmilleleleleTiTiTiTi~~~~. . . . amgvari saxeliT gadmocemuli

qvemdebare, qarTulisgan gansxvavebiT, megrul-lazurSi Se-

masmenels mravlobiT ricxvSi SeiwKobs. marTalia, megrulSi

iSviaTad Tavs iCens formobrivi SeTanxmebis magaliTebic,

magram saerTo tendencia mxars uyers ricxvSi Sinaarsobriv

SeTanxmebas. moviKvanT sailustracio masalas:

aaaa) ) ) ) kakakakaTa Ta Ta Ta `xalxalxalxalxixixixi~~~~ si si si sittttKKKKviT gadmoviT gadmoviT gadmoviT gadmocecececemumumumuli qvemli qvemli qvemli qvemdedededebabababarererere mravmravmravmravlolololobiTbiTbiTbiTSi SeiwSi SeiwSi SeiwSi SeiwKKKKobs Seobs Seobs Seobs Semasmasmasmasmemememenelsnelsnelsnels

u J i n e s Sxva kakakakaTaqTaqTaqTaq (Kif. 84, 10) ùKures sxva xalxma~;

Sumili kakakakaTaTaTaTa munefiSi dudiSo ilailailaila‡‡‡‡afuafuafuafudesdesdesdesˆ (Kif. 65, 29)

`mTvrali xalxi TavisTvis TamaSobdnen~; didebuli kakakakaTaqTaqTaqTaq

S e e x v e w e s (Kif. 5, 15) `didebulma xalxma sTxoves~; mu-

nefiSi osurefi q i m i ‡ o n a n Ti kakakakaTaqTaqTaqTaq (xub. 16, 35) `Tavi-

anTi colebi moiKvanon im xalxma~; T q v i s gˆmaJine kakakakaTaqTaqTaqTaq

(xub. 16, 19) `Tqves zedamxedvelma xalxma~; var, muyomi kakakakaTaTaTaTa

‡ o f e n a (xub. 17, 12) àn rogori xalxi Kofilan... ~

zogJer kakakakaTaTaTaTa sitKvis krebiToba daCrdilulia da mas

mierTvis mravlobiTobis ----efefefef sufiqsi. aseT SemTxvevaSi

formobrivadac qvemdebare Semasmenels mravlobiT ricxvSi

moiTxovs: S e e x v e w e s nuzus gayirebul kakakakaTefqTefqTefqTefq (xub. 78,

34) `Seexvewnen neZvs gayirvebuli xalxebi~; q ˆ m u l a kakakakaTeTeTeTe----

fifififi do q ˆ g o i c e n a n i e (xub. 123, 17) `movlen xalxebi da

Semogexveviano~...

iSviaTad, kakakakaTaTaTaTa saxelTan Semasmeneli mxoloobiT ri-

cxvSic SeiZleba Segvxvdes. mag.: Sqˆrenc kakakakaTaTaTaTa g o -

y K o r d ˆ n i (sam. 87, 63-49) `SimSiliT xalxi gawKdeba~;

so rererere Ti kakakakaTeTeTeTefifififi???? (sam. 98, 66-269) `sad aris is xalxebi?~

Te dros yiSkarc q ˆ m a d ˆ r T ˆ cxenam kakakakaTaqTaqTaqTaq gvalo brelq

(sam. 95, 66-153) àm dros yiSkars moadga cxenosani xalxi

Zalian bevri~...

lazurlazurlazurlazurSiSiSiSi milmilmilmilleleleleTiTiTiTi `xalxi~ sitKviT gamoxatuli qvem-


120

debare Semasmenels mravlobiT ricxvSi SeiwKobs. mag.: mil mil mil mil----

leleleleTiqTiqTiqTiqTiTiTiTi mu ‡ v a n , †ukarafeq? (kart. 1972, 135, 35)

`xalxma ra qnan, Garibebma?~ mil mil mil milleleleleTiqTiqTiqTiq wkaiSi �ofSumuSa

(º�ofSuSa) i x a z i e n a n (kart. 1972, 87, 35) `xalxi wKlis

mosamarageblad (`asavsebad~) emzadebian~; milmilmilmilleleleleTisTisTisTis dido

kai a w o n e n a n (kart. 1972, 88, 1) `xalxs Zalian uxariaT~...

amrigad, vinvinvinvin Jgufis saxelis mier zmna-Semasmenlis SeTan-

xmebis TvalsazrisiT, megrul-lazurSi gamovlindeba Semdegi

wesebi:

1) lazurlazurlazurlazurSiSiSiSi Kvela SemTxvevaSi saxeli zmna-Semasmenels

mravmravmravmravlolololobiT ribiT ribiT ribiT ricxvcxvcxvcxvSiSiSiSi iTanxmebs, rogorc wesi, ormxrivi

markirebiT.

2) memememegrulgrulgrulgrulSiSiSiSi,,,, Z i r i T a d a d , vinvinvinvin Jgufis saxeliT ga-

moxatuli qvemdebare Semasmenels mravlobiT ricxvSi iTan-

xmebs ormxrivi markirebis wesiT, magram Tavs iCens

calmxrivi markirebis iseTi SemTxvevebi, roca zmna-

SemasmenelTan SewKobili saxeli araa gamoxatuli mravlo-

biTis niSniT, magram markirebulia Semasmeneli. lazurSi es

wesi TiTqmis ugamonaklisoa, Tumca megrulSi ufro

tendenciis saxe aqvs. maSasadame, saxelis (arsebiTi, ricx-

viTi...) simravlis semantika sakmarisi pirobaa Semasmenlis

markirebisaTvis. predikatuli SesitKvebis erT-erTi wevris

markirebiT miGweulia saxelisa da zmna-Semasmenlis ricxvSi

SeTanxmeba. rogorc Cans, e. w. aranormirebuli enisTvis ricx-

vSi SeTanxmebis ormxrivad markireba Sinaarsoblivi faqtis

gamoxatulebis donezec dadasturebis tendenciis Sedegia.

$ $ $ $ 11111111.... mravmravmravmravlolololobiT ribiT ribiT ribiT ricxvcxvcxvcxvSi daSi daSi daSi dasmusmusmusmuli ra Jli ra Jli ra Jli ra Jgugugugufisfisfisfis

sasasasaxexexexeli da zmnali da zmnali da zmnali da zmna----SeSeSeSemasmasmasmasmemememenenenenelililili

rogorc zemoT aGvniSneT, megrul-lazurSic calke

Jgufad gamoiKofa araadamianis aGmniSvneli saxelebi, rom-

lebsac mumumumu `ra?~ kiTxviTi nacvalsaxeli daesmis. Cvens Kura-


121

dGebas ipKrobs is faqti, rom qarTulSi rararara nacvalsaxels

mravlobiTi ricxvi ewarmoeba (rogorc nnnn-ariani, aseve ebebebeb-ia-

ni: rararara----nnnn----iiii, , , , rarararaeeeebibibibi), xolo zanurSi Taviseburi viTareba

gvaqvs: erTi mxriv, lazurSi mu mu mu mu `ra~ nacvalsaxelis mravlo-

biTi gamoixateba mu mu mu mufe fe fe fe (iSviaTad mumumumueeeefefefefe) formiT, xolo me-

grulSi mu mu mu mu mravlobiTs ar awarmoebs [KifSiZe 1914, 048;

Ciqobava 1936, 84]. iSviaTad mravlobiTis semantikis aGsa-

niSnavad megruli mimarTavs mu mu mu mu nacvalsaxeluri fuZis ga-

ormagebas: mumumumudodododomu mu mu mu veglaZudˆ stols `raebi (zed. `radara~)

ar ido magidaze~... swored iseve, rogorc qarTulSi vinvinvinvin na-

cvalsaxelis reduplikacia xdeba simravlis aGsaniSnavad:

vinvinvinvindadadadavinvinvinvin movida?

amgvari viTareba megrulsa da lazurSi xom ar migva-

niSnebs imas, rom rararara Jgufis saxelebs zmna-Semasmenlis ri-

cxvSi SeTanxmebis unari ar gaaCndaT an naklebad axasiaTeb-

daT? es arc unda iKos moulodneli, ramdenadac ra ra ra ra Jgufi

semantikurad mainc nivnivnivnivTisTisTisTis kategorias ukavSirdeba, rome-

lic, Tavis mxriv, krebiTobis gamomxatveli Tu SeiZleba

iKos. meore mxriv, ra ra ra ra Jgufis semantikuri segmentacia susususu----

lilililierererer da usuusuusuusulolololo saxelebad garkveulwilad aisaxeba sintaq-

sur doneze ricxvSi SeTanxmebis TvalsazrisiT.

specialur literaturaSi aGniSnulia, rom qarTulSi

`Cveulebrivia ... mr. ricxvSi SeTanxmebis SemTxvevebi qvemde-

baresa da Semasmenels Soris, roca qvemdebarea cxovelis an

frinvelis saxeli~, xolo `roca usulo (aracocxali) sa-

gnis saxeli qvemdebarea da mr. ricxvSi dgas, Semasmeneli Se-

iZleba SeuTanxmdes ricxvSi mas da SeiZleba ara~ [SaniZe

1948, 113-114; kvayaZe, 1977, 102]. amgvari rKevis mizezi Se-

iZleba iKos naTargmni literatura im enebidan, sadac qvem-

debare Semasmenels uciloblad mravlobiTSi SeiwKobs, an

kidev stilistikuri aucileblobaa mwerlobaSi, Tumca `sa-

literaturo qarTulSi imdenad mkveTrad igrZnoba gansxva-


122

veba `bavSvebi izrdebian~ da `xeebi izrdeba~ konstruqciebs

Soris, rom ukanasknelSi SeTanxmeba personifikaciis efeqts

mogvcemda: xeebi izrdebian... ~ [Ciqobava 1968, 273]. miuxeda-

vad amgvari Sefasebisa, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ra Jgufis sax-

elebsa da Semasmenels Sorisac apriori arsebobs ricxvSi

SeTanxmeba, radgan `xeebi izrdeba~ gulisxmobs ara erTi,

aramed Kvela xisKvela xisKvela xisKvela xis zrdis process. cxadia, am SemTxvevaSic

unda visaubroT SeTanxmebis markirebis wesze: calmxrivi

markirebaa Tu ormxrivi markireba aqtantebsa da zmna-

Semasmenels Soris. cxadia, mniSvnelovani faqtoria

aqtantTa semantika, maT Soris gapirovnebis roli. Cvens

xelT arsebul saanalizo masalaSi usulo saxelis gapirov-

nebis SemTxvevebi minimaluria. albaT es imiTac aris gamo-

wveuli, rom zGaprebis, anekdotebis, sxvadasxva ambebis per-

sonajebi ZiriTadad adamianebi, an cxovelTa da frinvelTa

samKaros warmomadgenlebi arian. Cven mier mokvleul maga-

liTebSi usuusuusuusulo salo salo salo saxexexexelelelelebi robi robi robi rogorc megorc megorc megorc megrulgrulgrulgrulSiSiSiSi, , , , aseaseaseaseve ve ve ve lazlazlazlazururururSiSiSiSi, , , , zmnazmnazmnazmna----SeSeSeSemasmasmasmasmemememenels nels nels nels iTaniTaniTaniTanxmebsxmebsxmebsxmebs ricxvSi calmxriv ricxvSi calmxriv ricxvSi calmxriv ricxvSi calmxriviiii markirebmarkirebmarkirebmarkirebiTiTiTiT. . . . moviKvanT sailustracio masalas:

aaaa)))) memememegrugrugrugrulililili:::: qˆlori inoxen iSi susususuaaaalelelelefi dfi dfi dfi dˆrrrriiiikkkkˆnsnsnsns Jas (xub. 115,

19) `xoxobi rom zis, imisi frTebi dreks xes~; onanonanonanonangegegegererererefi fi fi fi

gingingingin‹‹‹‹rTrTrTrT�� zGvaT (xub. 218, 28) ùnagirebi iqceva zGvad~;

eTeq ekodgekodgekodgekodgˆnia nia nia nia yyyyanananandadadadarerererefia fia fia fia (xub. 133, 37) ìq dgaso yadre-

bio~; TiS mamalas qinqinqinqinJJJJamamamam�� Te gvagvagvagvaleflefleflef (xub. 124, 9) ìse

swrafad iGeba es mTebi~; SeSeSeSenonononobebebebefifififi muT qqqqˆgedgedgedgedgugugugunininini,,,, irfeli

goxoluna varCxili (xub. 35, 14) `Senobebi rac dgas, Kvela-

feri gaxlavT vercxlisa~; nonononotetetetexexexexefifififi TeSi memememeursursursurs versi do

jiri versis (xub. 31, 9) `natexebi ise midis verssa da or

versze~; GumaninJi zGvas aSardaSardaSardaSardˆ gvalo breli xvaxvaxvaxvamarmarmarmardedededefi fi fi fi

(sam. 97, 66-216) `wuxel zGvaSi idga Zalian bevri xomalde-

bi~, aTe ooooyyyykokokokomamamamalemqlemqlemqlemq arZoqˆ arTianiSi uJguSiq iiii‡‡‡‡uuuu (Kif.

90, 34) ès saymelebi Kvela erTmaneTze ukeTesi aGmoCnda


123

(ìqna~)~; mara aTe sasasasaqvaqvaqvaqvarerererefifififi Zalami monka do safiqro oqi-

minalefi rerererenia nia nia nia (Kif. 48, 21) `magram es saqmeebi Zalian mZime

da safiqrali ariso~... gvaqvs gamonaklisi, roca usulo sa-

gani gapirovnebulia da zmna-Semasmeneli mravlobiTSi See-

wKoba: neneneneZenq qeZenq qeZenq qeZenq qeSexveSexveSexveSexveweswesweswes (t. II, 250, 19) `nigvzebma sTxoves~;

Ti neZefi momomomorderderderdelelelelenananana do qeqeqeqegegegegeCaCaCaCanananana Sarapis (t. II, 252, 20)

ìs nigvzebi gazrdilan da dganan gzis piras~; zazazazarenqrenqrenqrenq rekua

qiqiqiqididididiyyyyKKKKeseseses (t. II; 272, 19) `zarebma rekva daiwKes~. bbbb)))) lazurlazurlazurlazuriiii oxooxooxooxoeeeefe fe fe fe mTeli iiiiyyyyven ven ven ven (kart. 1972, 15, 16) `saxlebi Kve-

la iwvis~; a�a q�ois oxooxooxooxoeeeefe fe fe fe aSo mendra-mendra moT renrenrenren? ? ? ?

(kart. 1972, 78, 5) àm sofelSi saxlebi ase Sori-Sors ra-

tom aris?~ yyyyanananandadadadafefefefe-muTefeSi SqiT ndGa do SqiTSqiTSqiTSqiT sers tu tu tu tu

(kart. 1972, 194, 20) `maTi qorwilebi Svidi dGe da Game

iKo~; qqqq��ufeufeufeufefefefefe----Ti Ti Ti Ti Txoreli tu tu tu tu (Ciq. II, 77, 18) `qvevrebi Ca-

marxuli iKo~; demiriSi kakakaka††††efe efe efe efe heq ocons ocons ocons ocons (Ciq. II, 36, 13)

`rkinis lursmnebia iq Caryobili~, aGani fufufufuququququrerererefe fe fe fe mu GGGGoooo----

damsdamsdamsdams???? (Ciq. II, 82, 16) àxali foTlebi ras izams?~ kamwamiS

ToToToTomamamamalelelelefe fe fe fe hiSo onuonuonuonu! ! ! ! (Ciq. 11, 102, 24) `wamwamis `Tmebic~

ise aris!..~ mravlobiTSi dgas Semasmeneli Semdeg winadade-

baSi: `mJve TuTa ykiufan�a do mumumumuuuuucxecxecxecxefe iqife iqife iqife iqifanfanfanfan��a a a a (kart.

1972, 144, 25) `Zveli mTvare cxrebao da varskvlavebi cim-

cimebeno!~

qarTuli saliteraturo enis normis mixedviT, sulie-

ri sagnis saxeliT gadmocemuli qvemdebare Semasmenels ri-

cxvSi iTanxmebs anu ormxriv markirebulia [SaniZe 1948,

1137], Tumca arc Tu iSviaTad gvaqvs calmxrivi markirebac

msgavsad Zveli qarTulisa da zogierTi dasavluri dialeq-

tisa (imeruli, guruli) [Ciqobava 1968, 273; JaJaniZe 1970,

254; kublaSvili 1985, 185]. memememegrulgrulgrulgrul----lazlazlazlazururururSiSiSiSi, , , , rorororoca qvemca qvemca qvemca qvem----dedededebabababare sure sure sure sulilililieeeeri sari sari sari sagnis agnis agnis agnis aGGGGmniSmniSmniSmniSvnevnevnevnelialialialia, , , , zmnazmnazmnazmna----SeSeSeSemasmasmasmasmemememenels nels nels nels iTaniTaniTaniTanxmebs rixmebs rixmebs rixmebs ricxvcxvcxvcxvSiSiSiSi, , , , rogorc ormxrivrogorc ormxrivrogorc ormxrivrogorc ormxrivi markirebii markirebii markirebii markirebisasasasa, , , , aseve aseve aseve aseve calmxrivcalmxrivcalmxrivcalmxriviiii markirebis wesiT markirebis wesiT markirebis wesiT markirebis wesiT


124

aaaa)))) memememegrugrugrugrulililili (ormxrivi markireba)

Saras qeqeqeqewobwobwobwobxvaxvaxvaxvadesdesdesdes breli gegegegerenqrenqrenqrenq (Kif. 46, 13) `gzaze

Semogvxvdnen bevri mglebi~; xoxoxoxoJJJJefq efq efq efq wKari vaSvaSvaSvaSvesvesvesves do qˆmo-

rTi (Kif. 9, 2) `xarebma wKali ar dalies da modi~; arTi-

xanc GGGGeeeeJJJJefqefqefqefq va ZiZiZiZiresresresres,,,, mara ilailailailaJJJJiiiinenenenesisisisi,,,, qoqoqoqoZiZiZiZiresresresres............ (Kif. 105,

17) èrT xans Gorebma ver naxes, magram rom gaxedes, Seam-

Cnies~; Sumil-Sumil gor gor gor gordedededefifififi stolsi qenqenqenqenkogkogkogkogvarvarvarvarTxuTxuTxuTxudes des des des (t.

I, 230, 344, 13) `mTvral-mTvrali baKaKebi magidas usxdnen

(rixianad)~; gorgorgorgordedededefifififi dodododoSaSaSaSaKKKKaaaarerererenannannannan do qiqiqiqiZaxZaxZaxZaxˆnananana `molarTisˆ~

(t. I, 229, 343-19) `baKaKebi SeKrilan da iZaxian `wamodiTo~;

mara totototoronronronronJJJJenq enq enq enq bira mimimimiooootes tes tes tes (xub. 134, 20) `magram mtre-

debma simGera SewKvites~; gegegegedirdirdirdirTesTesTesTes dasuro qoqoqoqoToToToTomenq menq menq menq (xub.

63, 30) àdgnen marTlac qaTmebi~ ... `susususumimimimixoxoxoxolo Jlo Jlo Jlo JooooGGGGorq orq orq orq ar-

Timajias qiqiqiqilulululudirdirdirdirTes Tes Tes Tes (t. II, 252, 32) `samive ZaGli erTime-

ores amoudgnen gverdSi~; sodgen kampanias dor dor dor dorZZZZGGGGeeeelelelelena na na na

JJJJooooGGGGoooorerererefi fi fi fi do TiSen ‡‡‡‡urauraurauranananananianianiania (t. II, 252, 39) `sadGac

lxinSi gamZGaran ZaGlebi da imitom Kmuiano~. bbbb)))) lazurlazurlazurlazuriiii (ormxrivi markireba)

KKKKvavavavarorororoJJJJeeeefesfesfesfes leSi aCaCaCaCqiqiqiqinenenenenannannannan��aaaa (Ciq. I, 69, 8) `Kvavebs le-

Si egonebaTo~; JJJJooooGGGGoooorerererefe unfe unfe unfe unkakakakapespespespes (Ciq. I, 28, 4) `ZaGlebi

gaiqcnen~; JJJJooooGGGGoooorerererefefefefe Tilqis gggg��oTxooTxooTxooTxozuzuzuzutestestestes (Ciq. I, 34, 6)

`ZaGlebi melias misdevdnen~; kakakakatutututufe unfe unfe unfe unkakakakapepepepeeeeenan nan nan nan edo qagami-

Geen (asaT. 143, 21, 25) `katebi gaqceulan, hoda gamouta-

nia~; ia emuSe gelaukidafT-qi kvinkvinkvinkvinCeCeCeCefeq wkifeq wkifeq wkifeq wkifan fan fan fan (asaT. 132,

82-12) ìmas imitom CamovkidebT, rom Citebi krefen~; cxecxecxecxenenenene----

feq feq feq feq wkai va SuSuSuSufanfanfanfan��aaaa (kart. 1972, 61, 38) `cxenebi wKals ar

svameno~; ararararwiwiwiwivevevevefe gexfe gexfe gexfe gexTesTesTesTes, , , , gggg��anananankakakakapespespespes do qiqiqiqiKKKKoooonesnesnesnes (kart.

1972, 34, 19) àrwivebi mofridnen, gaaqcies da waiKvanes~; ...

iri uSquri ooooyyyykokokokomesmesmesmes nTxanTxanTxanTxalelelelefeqfeqfeqfeq (jG. 115, 22) `Kvela vaSli

Seyames Txebma~;

aGsaniSnavia, rom e. w. zGapruli personajebi (devi, eS-


125

maki, yinka, Jazi àvi suli~) gapirovnebuli arsebebia, ami-

tomac am saxelebiT gadmocemul qvemdebares Semasmenelic

ormxrivi markirebis wesiT eTanxmeba. magaliTad:

qiqiqiqiiiiigigigiginesnesnesnesˆ de de de dememqmemqmemqmemqˆ,,,, gagˆmociis gale (Kif. 88, 16) ìg-

rZnes devebma, gamocvivdnen gareT~; arTi dixas ndendendendememememefi fi fi fi

oxooxooxooxorarararanananana (Kif. 87, 19) èrT adgilas devebi cxovroben~; eSeSeSeS----

mamamamakefq qokefq qokefq qokefq qomormormormorTesTesTesTes, , , , munefiS moqmedebaSi Cieba qodaayKes (Kif.

6, 2) èSmakebi movidnen, TavianTi moqmedebis moKola dai-

wKes~... susususumimimimixoxoxoxolo ndilo ndilo ndilo ndienq qoenq qoenq qoenq qomormormormorTesTesTesTesˆnininini (t. II, 16, 15) `samive

devebi rom movidnen~.

Tumca gvaqvs calmxrivi markirebac: dudududuZaxZaxZaxZaxˆ de de de demenqmenqmenqmenq (xub.

205, 32) `dauZaxa devebma~; arTi xanire ndindindindieeeefi vafi vafi vafi vamamamamawuwuwuwuxensxensxensxensˆnininini

(xub. 9, 20) èrTi xania, rac devebi ar mawuxebs~; eSeSeSeSmamamamakefq gakefq gakefq gakefq ga----

cducducducdununununuvovovovo,,,, xanguro muq agaxnar? (sam. 58, 44-83) eSmakebma

gacduna, gijurad ram agaxmiana?~. aqi sumi Jima ndindindindieeeefi oxofi oxofi oxofi oxo----

ranranranransiasiasiasia (t. II, 16, 11) àq sami Zma devebi cxovrobso~.

lazurSi, vin Jgufis saxelTa msgavsad, zGapruli per-

sonajebiT gamoxatuli qvemdebare KovelTvis iTanxmebs Semasme-

nels ricxvSi ormxrivi markirebiT: JJJJaaaazezezezefe imfe imfe imfe imteteteteeeeenannannannan (asaT.

141, 90-34) `Jazebi gaqceulan~; JJJJaaaazezezezeffffe zoe zoe zoe zopopopoponannannannan (asaT. 150, 94-

13) `Jazebi amboben~; a�a yyyyininininkakakakafe qofe qofe qofe qomoxmoxmoxmoxTeTeTeTeeeeenannannannan��aaaa (kart. 1972,

14, 10) ès yinkebi movleno~; jur Tane dedededevevevevefe fe fe fe ��enanenanenanenan (kart.

1968, 150, 19) òrni ... devni arian~; dedededevevevevefeq hofeq hofeq hofeq hododdoddoddodgesgesgesges su†a

(kart. 1968, 150, 22) `devebma gaSales sufra~...

rogorc aGvniSneT, sulieri sagnis aGmniSvnel qvemde-

bares Semasmeneli xan calmxrivi, xanac ormxrivi markirebiT

eTanxmeba ricxvSi. calmxrivad markirebulia, roca Semasme-

neli gamoxatulia gardagardagardagardauuuuvavavavalililili zmnebiT. am mxriv erTnairi

viTarebaa megrulsa da lazurSi. moviKvanT sailustracio

masalas:

memememegrulgrulgrulgruliiii: : : : Tis m u T o x e n i a totototoronronronronJJJJeeeefifififi (xub. 134, 4) `masSi ziso mtredebi~; cxecxecxecxenenenenefifififi oxvameT g i n ‹ r T � (xub. 218, 10) `cxenebi eklesiad


126

iqca~; JJJJooooGGGGoooorerererefifififi ‡ o f e did-didi (xub. 14, 16) `ZaGlebi Kofila did-didi~; Ti CiCiCiCiteftefteftef so-de r e n Teqia (xub. 133, 13) `sadac is Citebi aris, iqo~; qianaSi gorCqinaSe bina nonononoGGGGveveveve Taq ngengengengerefcrefcrefcrefc (sam. 115, 77-9) `qveKnis dasabamidan aq bina hqonia mglebs~; arZa cxecxecxecxenefcnefcnefcnefc Teq v a l i -n e (sam. 114, 76-5) `Kvela cxenebi iq ver wava~; gorgorgorgordedededefifififi Tis i x v e w e b u (t. I, 231, 346-7) `baKaKebi imas ixveweba~; a k i g v a r g v a T uɷ rararara----SenqSenqSenqSenq (xub. 126, 10) àzavTdnen raSebi~, rarararaSeSeSeSefi fi fi fi kikikikirunrunrunrun,,,, Teq (t. II, 272, 17) `raSebi sadac abia, iq~.

lazurlazurlazurlazuriiii:::: msqvemsqvemsqvemsqvererererefefefefe sumi t u (Ciq. II, 79, 11) `Svlebi sami iKo~; sabaxTan asqerefe mexTe-Si, ncxenencxenencxenencxenefefefefe va r e n (jG. 139, 25) ... Jariskacebi rom mi-vidnen, cxenebi ar iKo~; Cqini mamamamamumumumulelelelefeqfeqfeqfeq ia d o S q v i d a f s ��a (kart. 1972, 12, 21) `Cveni mamlebi mas daaxrCobso~, cxecxecxecxenenenenefesfesfesfes owkomilu u n o n ! (kart. 1972, 41, 27) `cxenebs saymeli unda!~ msqveriSi bebebebererererefefefefe jindole oxori muSis m o l a x e n (jG. 57, 38) `Svlis nukrebi zemoT mis saxlSi aris (`zis~); wiwiwiwipipipipilelelelefefefefe muSiq u w u -qi (jG. 110, 21) `Tavisma wiwilebma uTxra~; do kakakakatutututufefefefe na m o l a x e t u odaSi nekna gonwku... (kart. 1972, 16, 3) `da katebi rom iJda, im oTaxis kari gaaGo~...

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom rararara Jgufis saxelis mier zmna-Semas-

menlis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis TvalsazrisiT, megrulsa da

lazurSi erTnairi viTarebaa. kerZod:

1) usulo saxeli zmna-Semasmenels ricxvSi iTanxmebs

calmxrivi markirebis wesiT;

2) sulieri sagnis aGmniSvneli saxeli zmna-Semasmenels

ricxvSi iTanxmebs, rogorc calmxrivi, aseve ormxrivi

markirebiT.


127

$ $ $ $ 12121212. . . . riririricxvcxvcxvcxvSi SeSi SeSi SeSi SeTanTanTanTanxmexmexmexmebis sabis sabis sabis sakikikikiTxiTxiTxiTxi

SeSeSeSerwrwrwrwKKKKmul wimul wimul wimul winanananadadadadadedededebabababaSiSiSiSi

SerwKmuli winadadeba farTod aris gavrcelebuli ro-

gorc qarTulSi, aseve zanurSi. ricxvSi SeTanxmebis Tval-

sazrisiT, saKuradGeboa rogorc erTgvarqvemdebareebiani,

aseve erTgvarSemasmenlebiani winadadebebi.

erTgvari saxelebiT SerwKmuli winadadebis analizisas,

wina Tavebis msgavsad, gamovKofT vinvinvinvin da rararara Jgufis saxele-

biT gadmocemuli qvemdebareebiT SerwKmul winadadebebs.

lazurlazurlazurlazurSi vinSi vinSi vinSi vin Jgufis, anu adamianis aGmniSvneli saxe-

liT gamoxatuli qvemdebareebi Semasmenels K o v e l T v i s

mravlobiT ricxvSi SeiwKobs. magaliTad:

fafafafadidididiSaSaSaSahihihihi do bo bo bo bozofeqzofeqzofeqzofeq dido axaxaxaxveveveveweswesweswes----dodododorenrenrenren (dium. 71,

VII-46) `xelmwife da gogoebi Zalian exvewnen (Turme)~; haSo

babababadidididi do qCiqCiqCiqCiniqniqniqniq kata ndGas xazi�i ng�a� ifxorifxorifxorifxornannannannan do se†a

iqoiqoiqoiqomanmanmanman (dium. 60, V-36) àse KoveldGe moxuci da dedaberi

mzamzareul saymels yamen da sufras Slian~; seiSi gverdi-

Sa ixixixixvavavavamapmapmapmapteteteteeeeenannannannan----��a xoa xoa xoa xoJJJJaqaqaqaq do momomomolalalalafefefefe muSiq (Ciq. I, 24-9)

`SuaGamemde loculobdnen xoJa da misi molebi~; nananananananana do

bababababaqbaqbaqbaq man ia �eiSa memememendandandandamimimimiKKKKoooononononofanfanfanfan----��aaaa (Ciq. I, 74, 5) `deda da

mama me im adgilas wamiKvaneno~; ar zamanis ar oxoroxoroxoroxorJJJJaaaa do

ar qoqoqoqomomomomoli qorli qorli qorli qortestestestes----dodododorenrenrenren (dium. 47, II-1) èrT dros erTi

col-qmari Kofilan~; daGiSa ninininitetetetererererenannannannan ar bibibibiyyyyiiii do ar bobobobo----

zozozozo diSqaS momaluSeni (Kif. 16, 13) èrTi biyi da gogo

tKeSi midian SeSis mosatanad~;

rararara Jgufis sulieri saxelebiT gadmocemuli ramdenime

qvemdebarec Semasmenels ricxvSi iTanxmebs. magaliTad:

JJJJooooGGGGoioioioi do mamamamamumumumuliq qikiTliq qikiTliq qikiTliq qikiTqveqveqveqveeeeenannannannan (kart. 1972 12, 3)

`ZaGli da mamali daZmobildnen~; ar mkmkmkmk��afuafuafuafu do mTumTumTumTuTiTiTiTi ar-

qadaSi rerererenannannannan............ (kart. 1972, 9, 8); èrTi tura da daTvi me-

gobrebi arian~; okule mkmkmkmk��afu afu afu afu do mTumTumTumTuTiqTiqTiqTiq kakali dodododokakakakannnnkeskeskeskes


128

do g�ai dodododoKKKKvesvesvesves (kart. 1972, 9, 20) `mere turam da daTvma

kakali daamtvries da saymeli gaakeTes~; awi mTumTumTumTuTiTiTiTi, , , , GGGGeeeeJJJJiiii, , , ,

mkmkmkmk��afuafuafuafu,,,, mTeli Sei mulmulmulmulvanvanvanvan do oxooxooxooxosasasasanannannannan (kart. 1972, 15,

24) àxla daTvi, Gori, tura _ Kvela modian da asufTave-

ben~: gigigigiiiiiniqniqniqniq do jojojojoGGGGoioioioi do kakakakatuqtuqtuqtuq do mamamamamumumumuliqliqliqliq aSo Kves

(kart. 1972, 14, 30) `virma da ZaGlma da katam da mamalma

ase qnes~...

Segvxvda SeuTanxmeblobis SemTxvevebic. mag., ar oxoris

qortu JJJJooooGGGGooooriririri do mamamamamumumumulililili (jG. 138, 34) èrT saxlSi iKo

ZaGli da mamali~; arTei mTumTumTumTuTiTiTiTi do memememelililili qorqorqorqorteteteteenenenen (kart.

1972, 10, 16) èrTi daTvi da melia Kofila~.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom lazurlazurlazurlazurSi SeSi SeSi SeSi SerwrwrwrwKKKKmul wimul wimul wimul winanananadadadadadedededebabababa----Si erSi erSi erSi erTgvaTgvaTgvaTgvari qvemri qvemri qvemri qvemdedededebabababarererereeeeebi bi bi bi ((((saxelebisaxelebisaxelebisaxelebi) ) ) ) zmnazmnazmnazmna----SeSeSeSemasmasmasmasmemememenenenenels ls ls ls mravmravmravmravlolololobiT ribiT ribiT ribiT ricxvcxvcxvcxvSSSSi Sei Sei Sei SeiiiiwKwKwKwKobs obs obs obs (sul erTia, vin Jgufis, Tu

ra Jgufis sulieri saxelebiTaa gadmocemuli qvemdebare).

memememegrulgrulgrulgrulSiSiSiSi aseTi viTareba ara gvaqvs. marTalia, adamia-

nis aGmniSvneli saxelebiT gamoxatuli ramdenime qvemdebare

(saxeli) ZiriTadad, zmna-Semasmenels ricxvSi iTanxmebs, mag-

ram SeuTanxmeblobac xSiria (35X19). es ukanaskneli, ro-

gorc mosalodneli iKo, gvaqvs maSin, roca Semasmeneli

gardauvali zmniTaa gadmocemuli. moviKvanT sailustracio

masalas:

aaaa) ) ) ) vin Jvin Jvin Jvin Jgugugugufis safis safis safis saxexexexeliT gamoliT gamoliT gamoliT gamoxaxaxaxatutututuli ramli ramli ramli ramdedededeninininime qvemdme qvemdme qvemdme qvemdeeee----barisbarisbarisbaris mimimimier zmnaer zmnaer zmnaer zmna----SeSeSeSemasmasmasmasmenmenmenmenlis rilis rilis rilis ricxvcxvcxvcxvSi SeSi SeSi SeSi SeTanTanTanTanxmexmexmexmebabababa::::

ararararCqiCqiCqiCqilelelelenananana Tes papapapapaTpaTpaTpaT do babababaGGGGaaaanananana, , , , dididididadadada do mumumumumaTmaTmaTmaT (xub.

87, 7) ùsmenen amas mGvdelic da bavSvi, deda da mamac~;

xenwxenwxenwxenwˆfefefefe do muS osurqosurqosurqosurq SqaSa qaqaqaqaSeSeSeSexuxuxuxunesnesnesnes ombolia (xub. 58,

14) `xelmwifem da misma colma SuaSi daisves ombolia~; TaTaTaTa----

TaTaTaTarararara‡‡‡‡anianianiani do be be be begoqgoqgoqgoq nadirobaSe dir dir dir dirTesTesTesTesˆnininini (xub. 100, 17)

`TaTaraKani da bego nadirobidan rom dabrundnen~; zoszoszoszosmemememe

do bubububuCuCuCuCunasnasnasnas arTian(i) gagagagakukukukuCqveCquCqveCquCqveCquCqveCqunananana (sam. 119, 80-1) `zosime

da buCunas erTmaneTi dauCeCqvavT~; gugugugulualualualua do muSi J J J Jarqarqarqarq


129

doxoreSe qqqqˆmomomomorTesrTesrTesrTesˆ (sam. 99, 66-297) `gulua da misi Jari

samosaxloebamde movidnen~; xenxenxenxenwiwiwiwifeqfeqfeqfeqˆ,,,, muSi Cilq Cilq Cilq Cilqˆ,,,, muSi

squsqusqusquaaaalelelelefifififi do muSi sinsinsinsinJJJJaaaalemqlemqlemqlemqˆ momomomolarlarlarlarTesTesTesTes arZoq arTo (Kif.

99, 31) `xelmwife, misi coli, Svilebi da siZeebi wamovid-

nen Kvela erTad~; qqqqˆmmmm‰‰‰‰zazazazadesdesdesdesˆ munefiSi didididiananananTiTiTiTilililili do osuosuosuosu----

remqremqremqremqˆ (Kif. 95, 10) `moegebnen maTi dedamTili da colebi...

bbbb) ) ) ) adaadaadaadamimimimiaaaanis anis anis anis aGGGGmniSmniSmniSmniSvnel ramvnel ramvnel ramvnel ramdedededeninininime sume sume sume subibibibieqtseqtseqtseqts zmnazmnazmnazmna----SeSeSeSemasmasmasmasmemememeneneneneli mxoli mxoli mxoli mxolooloolooloobiTbiTbiTbiTSi ewSi ewSi ewSi ewKKKKoooobabababa::::

iSeni momomomogugugugurrrr�� dididididadadada do mumumumumaqmaqmaqmaq (xub. 82, 26) `mainc mas-

wavla deda da mamam~; gegegegedirTdirTdirTdirTˆ xenwifeS squsqusqusquaqaqaqaq do muSi

momomomo‡‡‡‡venvenvenvenJJJJiqiqiqiq (xub. 22, 12) àdga xelmwifis Svili da misi mxle-

beli~; qiqiqiqidosdosdosdosqidqidqidqidˆ gi gi gi giororororgigigigi do Te ZZZZGGGGaaaabiqbiqbiqbiq xvale Te ‡udes~

(xub. 146, 22) `darCa giorgi da es gogo marto am saxlSi~;

aTe dros xenxenxenxenwiwiwiwifefefefe do muSi CiCiCiCilililili Gurel r dr dr dr d ˆ (Kif. 101,

32) àm dros xelmwife da misi coli mkvdari iKo~; mumumumumamamama do

didaqdidaqdidaqdidaq neba va meCmeCmeCmeCˆ squas girgviniSi gedgˆmaSi (Kif. 46, 25)

`mamam da dedam neba ar misca daqorwinebisa~. patpatpatpatˆnininini do

muSi CilcCilcCilcCilcˆ q q q qˆmuzomuzomuzomuzoJJJJˆ (sam. 92, 66-4) `batoni da misi coli

mobrZanebula~; vara saonJGoro o o o oyyyyˆ me me me menZenZenZenZelililili do susususumamamamarefcrefcrefcrefcˆ

(sam. 66, 280) àn samarcxvino syirs maspinZelsa da stum-

rebs~...

memememegrulgrulgrulgrulSi raSi raSi raSi ra Jgufis saxeliT gamoxatul ramdenime

qvemdebaresTan zmna-Semasmeneli xan mravlobiT ricxvSi

dgas, xan _ mxoloobiTSi (12X9). magaliTad:

aaaa) ) ) ) zmnazmnazmnazmna----SeSeSeSemasmasmasmasmemememeneneneneli dgas mravli dgas mravli dgas mravli dgas mravlolololobiT ribiT ribiT ribiT ricxvcxvcxvcxvSiSiSiSi:::: momomomolarlarlarlarTesTesTesTes badidiSa demqdemqdemqdemqˆ do viTi gegegegeriririri do tutututuraqraqraqraq ba-

didiS gaataxˆSa (Kif. 42, 2) `wamovidnen berikacTan devi da

aTi mgeli da tura berikacis gamosatexad~; didididinanananaaaaaJJJJiiiinesnesnesnesˆ gegegege----

riririri do tutututuraqraqraqraq arTiansˆ (Kif. 42, 6) `Sexedes erTmaneTs

mgelma da turam~; q i nq i nq i nq i n g ag ag ag a r ar ar ar a GGGGeeeeJJJJiiii, , , , qiqiqiqiriririri, , , , laklaklaklakvivivivi do TunTunTunTunTiTiTiTi

(xub. 11, 15) `tirian Gori, qori, lekvi da daTvi~; iaiaiaiananananariririri

do qir qir qir qirseseseseTuTuTuTuTa gorTa gorTa gorTa gorˆnananana do qoqoqoqoZirZirZirZirˆnananana (sam. 110, 72-29) ìanva-


130

ri da qristeSobisTve eZeben da ipovian~...

bbbb) ) ) ) zmnazmnazmnazmna----SeSeSeSemasmasmasmasmemememeneneneneli dgas mxoli dgas mxoli dgas mxoli dgas mxolooloolooloobiT ribiT ribiT ribiT ricxvcxvcxvcxvSiSiSiSi okiokiokiokiamamamamxaxaxaxanignignignigˆ ba ba ba baGGGGiiiireq req req req do yyyyuuuukiqkiqkiqkiq (xub. 47, 14) `Seamxanag-

da beGura da Tagvi~; aTe gegegegeriririri do tutututuraqraqraqraq uwuuuwuuuwuuuwuu demsˆ (Kif.

41, 30) àm mgelma da turam uTxra devs~; JJJJaaaa do tKtKtKtKaqaqaqaq mu-

SiT didididiyyyyKKKKuuuu calua (xub. 2, 38) `xem da tKem TavisiT iwKo

celva~; sworeT momomomomimimimikikikikionononontu ratu ratu ratu ragadgadgadgad((((iiii)))) do sqvam nininininaqnaqnaqnaq (sam.

64, 47-1) `swored Tavbru damaxvia saubarma da tkbilma

enam~... cacacaca do qiqiqiqiaaaanananana ininininwwwwK�K�K�K� (t. II, 252, 35) `ca da dedamiwa

iqceva~; JJJJaaaa do JJJJaaaa arTiansˆ mimimimikikikikiooootirxtirxtirxtirxˆ (t. II, 26, 1) `xe da

xe erTmaneTs exeTqeba~; JJJJaaaa do ququququaqaqaqaq arZoq ikiikiikiikiirTirTirTirTˆ............ (t. II,

20, 7) `xe da qva _ Kvelaferi waiqca~.

o. uridiam KuradGeba miaqcia megrulis erT Tavisebu-

rebasac: roca gvaqvs erTgvarSemasmenlebiani winadadeba,

mravlobiTi ricxvis formiT gadmocemuli saxeli pirvel

Semasmenels ver iTanxmebs ricxvSi, magram momdevno mravlo-

biTSi dgeba (uridia 1960, 176). Cvens saanalizo masalaSic

Segvxvda amgvari SemTxvevebi:

aTeSi gurSeni weweweweeeeeCxubCxubCxubCxubˆ no no no nosasasasalenqlenqlenqlenqˆ do geggeggeggegˆnaanaanaanaa‡‡‡‡oTesoTesoTesoTes

oJaxiSe Te rCinˆ koCi (Kif. 40, 3) àmitom waeCxuba rZlebi

da gaagdes saxlidan es moxuci kaci~; sumi muSi nonononosasasasalefs lefs lefs lefs

gogogogoJJJJooooguuguuguuguu ndo ginorobuSa ququququuuuurarararaguguguguaaaafufufufunananana (Kif. 42, 8) `mis

sam rZals SesZulebia da xevSi gadaugdiaT~; enefq ingˆrc

vemvemvemvemˆnanananaTinTinTinTinˆ, , , , piJi aSo qirqirqirqirTiTiTiTinesnesnesnes (sam. 93, 66-70) àmaT engurze

ver gabedes (`gabeda~), piri aqeT ibrunes~; qiqiqiqimimimimiooooyyyyiiiiSuuSuuSuuSuu Cqin

TTTTuuuurefqrefqrefqrefq,,,, irdixaSe momomomoununununyyyyeseseses (sam. 103, 66-469) `miuswro Cve-

nianebma, Koveli mxridan daumiznes~; arTi yife Saras ikiikiikiiki----

kaTkaTkaTkaTˆ gve gve gve gverenqrenqrenqrenqˆ brelqˆ do mumumumuununununyyyyeseseses arTiansˆ dudi... (Kif.

34, 32) èrT viwro gzaze Seikriba bevri gveli da erTma-

neTs TaviT dascxes~... sumi gorgorgorgordef dodef dodef dodef doSuSuSuSumemememelelelele, , , , qoqoqoqogugugugulelelelena na na na

qalaqis (t. I, 231, 346-3) `sami baKaKi damTvrala, seirnoben

qalaqSi~; KaKaKaKazazazazaxixixixi do muS squsqusqusquaaaalenqlenqlenqlenq mins dud gusofˆ, mins


131

xe memememetaxtaxtaxtaxˆ do geggeggeggegˆnonononorararara‡‡‡‡eseseses TeS arZa (xub. 21, 23) `glexma da

misma Svilebma zogs Tavi gautexa, zogs xeli mostexa da ga-

Kares ase Kvela~; dodododoxodxodxodxodˆ amuseri xenxenxenxenwiwiwiwifeqfeqfeqfeq do muSi Cilq Cilq Cilq Cilq

do ifiqifiqifiqifiqresresresres (xub. 21, 23) `daJda amaGam xelmwife da misi

coli da ifiqres~...

amrigad, erTgvarqvemdebareebian SerwKmul winadadebaSi

qvemdebaris mier Semasmenlis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis Tvalsaz-

risiT erTgvari viTareba ara gvaqvs megrulsa da lazurSi.

1) lazurlazurlazurlazurSiSiSiSi rogorc vinvinvinvin Jgufis, aseve rararara Jgufis saxe-

liT gadmocemuli erTgvari qvemdebareebi Semasmenels ri-

cxvSi iTanxmebs. gadamwKvet rols asrulebs azrobrivi Se-

Tanxmeba;

2) memememegrulgrulgrulgrulSi vinSi vinSi vinSi vin Jgufis saxelebiT gamoxatuli erTgva-

ri qvemdebareebi, ZiZiZiZiririririTaTaTaTadaddaddaddad,,,, Semasmenels mravlobiT ricxv-

Si iTanxmebs, Tumca gvaqvs SeuTanxmebloba ufro metad

gardauvali zmniT gadmocemul SemasmenlebTan;

3) megrulSi rararara Jgufis saxelebiT gadmocemuli erTgva-

ri qvemdebareebi Semasmenels SeiwKobs xan mravlobiT ricxv-

Si, xan _ mxoloobiTSi. raime kanonzomierebis dadgena Zne-

lia.

4) mravlobiTSi dasmuli qvemdebare erTgvarSemasmenle-

bian SerwKmul winadadebaSi mxolod bolo Semasmenels

iTanxmebs ricxvSi.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saxelis mier zmna-Semasmenlis ri-

cxvSi SeTanxmebis TvalsazrisiT, megrul-lazurSi gamoikve-

Teba Semdegi viTareba:

a) vin vin vin vin Jgufis saxelebsa da zmna-Semasmenels Soris mrav-

lobiT ricxvSi ormxriv markirebuli SeTanxmebaa; gamonak-

lisebi megrulSi saerTo suraTs ver cvlis.

b) rararara Jgufis saxelebTan amgvari viTarebaa: usuusuusuusulolololo sa-

xelebi zmna-Semasmenels ricxvSi calmxrivi markirebis wcalmxrivi markirebis wcalmxrivi markirebis wcalmxrivi markirebis weeee----

siTsiTsiTsiT eTanxmeba eTanxmeba eTanxmeba eTanxmeba; ; ; ; susususulilililieeeeriririri saxelebi, ZiriTadad, cdiloben


132

zmna-Semasmeneli mravlobiTSi SeiTanxmon ormxrivi markire-

biT, Tumca xSiria calmxrivi markirebac. susususulilililieeeeri sari sari sari saxexexexelelelele----

bisbisbisbis mier sintaqsuri Zalis mopoveba unda ukavSirdebodes

maT gagagagapipipipirovrovrovrovnenenenebasbasbasbas. . . . aGsaniSnavia, rom megrul-lazurSi dama-

teba-obieqtic mxolod I da II pirSi iTanxmebs zmna-Semasme-

nels mravlobiT ricxvSi ormxrivi markirebiT.

r. asaTianis azriT, qarTulSi `ricxvis SeTanxmebis

TvalsazrisiT aSkarad gansxvavdeba, erTi mxriv, komunikaci-

is procesSi uSualod monawile I da II da, meore mxriv, ko-

munikaciis procesSi uSualod armonawile (III) pirebi: I da

II piri zmnas ricxvSi iTanxmebs Kovelgvari pirobis gareSe;

III piri ki pirobiTad: Tu is aris (1) sulieri saxeli da

(2) saxeli, romelzedac saubroben (Tema)... (1) piroba saSu-

alebas gvaZlevs qarTulSi gamovKoT sulierobis sintaqsu-

ri kategoria~ [asaTiani 1982, 105-106].

Cveni mxriv, unda aGvniSnoT, rom megrul-lazurisTvis

sulierobis kategoria ara relevanturia, ricxvSi SeTanxme-

bisa da ormxrivi markirebis TvalsazrisiT III pirSic meti

Zala aqvs pipipipiris ris ris ris ((((perperperpersosososonisnisnisnis da ara sulieris da ara sulieris da ara sulieris da ara sulieris) ) ) ) semasemasemasemannnntikur tikur tikur tikur kakakakatetetetegogogogoririririasasasas. . . .

rogorc vxedavT, ZiriTadi tendenciebis mixedviT memememe----

grugrugrugruli li li li da lazurilazurilazurilazuri uaxlovdeba erTmaneTs, magram arsebobs

sxvaobac _ lazurlazurlazurlazurSi uniSi uniSi uniSi unifififificicicicirerererebubububulia salia salia salia saxexexexelilililisa da zmnasa da zmnasa da zmnasa da zmna----SeSeSeSemasmasmasmasmenmenmenmenlis rilis rilis rilis ricxvcxvcxvcxvSi SeSi SeSi SeSi SeTanTanTanTanxmexmexmexmebabababa, , , , xoxoxoxolo melo melo melo megrulgrulgrulgrulSi forSi forSi forSi formimimimisa sa sa sa da Sida Sida Sida Sinanananaararararsis yisis yisis yisis yididididili igli igli igli igrZnorZnorZnorZnobabababa. . . . analizi gviCvenebs, rom

zmna-Semasmenlisa da masTan dakavSirebuli aqtantebis

urTierToba ricxvis kategoriis mixedviT gansxvavebuli

saxiT xorcieldeba gamoxatulebis planSi. `radgan aqtan-

tebs TviTon SeaqvT ricxvis gageba SemasmenelSi, isini ar

sayiroeben mravlobiTi ricxvis niSans qmedebis aGmniSvnel

sitKvaSi. es niSnebi dakavSirebulia mravalpirianobasTan:

rodesac aqtantTagan zogi mxolobiT ricxvSia, zogi mrav-

lobiTSi, SemasmenelSi sayiro xdeba maTi diferencireba


133

ricxvis mixedviTac~ [uTugaiZe 2007, 21]. amave dros me-

grul-lazuris masala mianiSnebs, rom es procesebi

bolomde ganxorcielda adamianisadamianisadamianisadamianis semantikis mqone aqtan-

tebTan, anu vinvinvinvin Jgufis saxelebsa da Semasmenels Soris

damKarda ormxriv markirebuli SeTanxmeba ricxvSi. rac Se-

exeba araadamianisaraadamianisaraadamianisaraadamianis semantikis saxelebs, aq procesi neli da

diferencirebulia: erTi mxriv, usulo saxelebsa da Semas-

menels Soris ricxvSi calmxriv markirebuli rCeba SeTanx-

meba, meore mxriv, sulier saxelebsa da zmna-Semasmenels

Soris ricxvSi SeTanxmeba xan calmxriv markirebulia, xanac

ormxriv markirebuli. rogorc Cans, gadamwKvetia gagagagapipipipirovrovrovrov----

nenenenebisbisbisbis faqtori. principuli erTianobaa im sakiTxSic, rom I

da II piris gamomxatveli subieqtebi KovelTvis ormxrivi

markirebiT iTanxmeben zmna-Semasmenels. aseTive SeTanxmebaa

damateba-obieqtsa da zmna-Semasmenels Soris, roca damateba

I an II piria da subieqti dgas mxoloobiT ricxvSi.

zmnis morfosintaqsuri analizidan cxadi xdeba, rom

megrul-lazurSi mravlobiTi ricxvis gamoxatvis sistema em-

Kareba adaadaadaadamimimimiaaaanininini _ araadaaraadaaraadaaraadamimimimiaaaanisnisnisnis semantikur opozicias. Sesa-

bamisad, rogorc morfologiur, aseve sintaqsur doneze

gadmoicema perperperpersosososonanananalulululuri piri piri piri pirisrisrisris,,,, adamianis aGmniSvneli saxe-

lis mravlobiToba.

amrigad, megrul-lazurSi mravlobiTi ricxvis gramati-

kul kategorias safuZvlad udevs pipipipirrrris is is is sesesesemanmanmanmantitititikukukukuri kari kari kari katetetete----gogogogoriariariaria. . . .


134

IVIVIVIV Ta Ta Ta Tavivivivi

kokokokoorororordidididinanananaciciciciis sisis sisis sisis sistetetetema zama zama zama zanurnurnurnurSiSiSiSi

arnold Ciqobavam 1928 wels subordinacia-koordinaci-

is cnebebis SemotaniT naSromSi `martivi winadadebis prob-

lema qarTulSi~ SesitKvebis struqtura-meqanizmi aGwera,

xolo 1936 wels gamocemul monografiaSi `yanuris grama-

tikuli analizi~ gaimeora igive Tvalsazrisi lazuri da

megruli SesitKvebis mimarTac.

`maTSiac (agreTve svanurSic) orpiriani zmnis Semcveli

winadadeba dafuZnebulia koordinaciaze. subieqti, obieqti

da zmna _ koordinatebia, masTan zmna iqac ZiriTadi koor-

dinatia, subieqti da obieqti dids an mcire koordinats

warmoadgenen. gansxvaveba imaSiGa SeiZleba mdgomareobdes,

rom yanuris didi koordinatis adgili qarTulSi SeiZleba

mcire koordinatma daiyiros da piruku... ~ [Ciqobava 1936,

183]. am zogadi msJelobiT Semoifargla mkvlevari, Tumca

mianiSna, rom koordinaciis sistema, romelic universalu-

ria qarTveluri enebisaTvis, garkveulad modificirebulia

zanurSi.

ukanasknel xans qarTulSi koordinaciis sakiTxi kvlav

iqca msJelobis sagnad, kerZod, Tanamedrove saliteraturo

enis monacemTa gaTvaliswinebam warmoaCina am sistemaSi ar-

sebuli sxvaoba Zvelsa da axal qarTuls Soris [daTukiSvi-

li, 1998, 39; meliqiSvili, 2001, 70-79].

Zveli qarTulis mcire koordinati, anu micemiTbrunvi-

ani obieqti axal qarTulSi didi koordinatia, rac imas

niSnavs, rom mas zmnasTan ricxvSi SeTanxmebis unari aqvs. am

procesis dinamika Zveli qarTulidan dGemde da dialeqteb-

Sic [buiZe 1996, 131] TvalsaCinos xdis ricxvis gamoxatvis

sistemaSi momxdar gardatexas. amave dros koordinaciis


135

meqanizmis aGwerisas unda dazustdes, rom aqtantebsa da

Semasmenels Soris ricxvSi SeTanxmeba damokidebulia

aqtantTa ricxvze, xolo morfosintaqsur doneze koordi-

natebi unda Sefasdes ricxvSi SeTanxmebis calmxrivi da

ormxrivi markirebis mixedviT. aqtanti CaiTvleba did

koordinatad, Tu is zmna-Semasmenels ricxvSi iTanxmebs or-

mxrivi markirebis wesiT.

megrul-lazurSi gramatikuli ricxvis gamoxatvis sis-

temis morfologiuri da sintaqsuri analizis safuZvelze

vfiqrobT, SesaZlebelia dazustdes koordinatTa ragvaroba

zanurSi.

S1 da S2 didi koordinatebia, radganac KovelTvis iTan-

xmebs zmnas ricxvSi ormxrivi markirebiT. aranairi gamonak-

lisi ar xdeba arc megrulSi, arc lazurSi. mag:

a) megruli: CqiCqiCqiCqi ukeukeukeukeTenTTenTTenTTenT doxorems ngerefi do

JoGorebs (Kif. 168, 13) `Cven vukeTebT `saxlebs~ mglebs da

ZaGlebs... ~ ... ukuli TqvaTqvaTqvaTqva TiTo-TiToTˆ iSeiSeiSeiSeeeeelilililiTiaTiaTiaTia (Kif.

28, 13) `mere Tqven TiTo-TiTod adiTo~.

b) lazuri: CqCqCqCqinininin faaS mogafuSa memememeuuuuluT�aluT�aluT�aluT�a (kart. 1972,

12-14) `Cven fulis saSovrad mivdivarTo~; ar TqvaTqvaTqvaTqva dodododolowlowlowlow----

kekekekediTdiTdiTdiT, beqi qaiSimerT! (kart. 1968, 158-10) `erTi Tqven Ca-

xedeT, iqneb amoiGoT... ~ (ix. gv. 92-93).

S3 CaiTvleba did koordinatad, roca is adamianis

aGmniSvnelia, gansakuTrebiT lazurSi, sadac Cvens xelT ar-

sebuli masalis mixedviT, ver davafiqsireT verc erTi Se-

mTxveva vinvinvinvin Jgufis saxelis mier zmnis ricxvSi calmxrivi

markirebiT SeTanxmebisa. magaliTad, ssssuuuumiqmiqmiqmiq----TiTiTiTi heq dgidgidgidginannannannan,

muTebuaSi zozozozopopopoponannannannan (dium. 117, 33-34) `samive iq `dganan~,

TavisTvis laparakoben~, bebebebererererefeqfeqfeqfeq meqTebes mu ZiZiZiZiresresresres, mu ikiikiikiiki----

TxesTxesTxesTxes, ia iKvesiKvesiKvesiKves (Kif. II, 6,2) `bavSvebma skolaSi rac naxes,

rac iswavles, is gaakeTes `gaxdnen~...

gansxvavebuli viTarebaa megrulSi, sadac Tavs iCens or-


136

gvari tendencia: 1) relatiur-gardauval da relatiur-

statikur zmnebTan ricxvSi SeTanxmeba xSirad calmxriv

markirebulia, amitomac S3 mcire koordinatad gvevlineba.

mag.: TiTiTiTinenenenefifififi rererere ostatefi (xub. 21, 15) ìsini aris ostate-

bi~; Cqimi JiJiJiJimamamamalelelelefifififi qˆmursqˆmursqˆmursqˆmurs do dor‡vidor‡vidor‡vidor‡vilunlunlunlunsiasiasiasia (nub. 146,

16) `Cemi Zmebi mova da mogklavso~; sqan squ squ squ squaaaalefqˆlefqˆlefqˆlefqˆ doGurˆ doGurˆ doGurˆ doGurˆ

`Seni Svilebi mokvda~; eTi dedededememememefisfisfisfis no‡unno‡unno‡unno‡unuuuueeee xolo dida

(xub. 240, 18) ìm devebs hKolia kidev deda... ~; TeTeTeTenencnencnencnenc Tiq

qe‡orofqe‡orofqe‡orofqe‡orofˆ... (xub. 186, 16) àmaT is SeuKvarda~.

2) megruli cdilobs angariSi gauwios formas, kerZod,

SeTanxmeba moxdes imis mixedviT, saxeli morfologiuradac

aris Tu ara mravlobiTis aGmniSvneli. kerZod, mravlobi-

Tobis semantikis saxeliT gansazGvruli qvemdebaris forma

ganapirobebs Semasmenlis ricxvsac _ mxoloobiTSi dasmul

saxels zmna mxoloobiTSi ewKoba, mr. -Si dasmuls _ mrav-

lobiTSi. aseve, jirjirjirjirxoxoxoxololololo òrive~, ararararZaZaZaZa || ararararZoZoZoZo `Kvela~, kakakaka----

TaTaTaTa `xalxi~ saxelebi Semasmenels xan mxoloobiTSi Se-

iwKoben, xan _ mravlobiTSi. magaliTad, geggeggeggegˆminwKiisminwKiisminwKiisminwKiis jirjirjirjir----

xoxoxoxoloqloqloqloq (Kif. 94, 6) `gamoewKvnen orive~, magram: jirjirjirjirxoxoxoxoloqloqloqloq

ekekekekirTîrTîrTîrTˆ breli xioliT (t. II, 16, 34) òrive waiqca didi si-

xaruliT...~ ararararZaqZaqZaqZaq mimimimidedededeTarTarTarTarxaxaxaxalesleslesles (sam. 93, 66-60) `Kvela wa-

vidnen TqaruniT~... magram: ararararZoqZoqZoqZoq qoqoqoqoZirˆZirˆZirˆZirˆ muSa rdˆ saqmen

(xub. 136, 14) `Kvelam naxa, raSic iKo saqme...~ a. S.

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, megrulSi adamianis seman-

tikis S3, marTalia, ZiriTadad zmnas ricxvSi iTanxmebs or-

mxrivi markirebiT da didi koordinatia, magram arcTu iS-

viaTad is mcire koordinatad gadaiqceva. amgvari merKeoba

damaxasiaTebelia sulieri saxelebisaTvisac, romlebic me-

grulsa da lazurSi xan didi koordinatia, xan mcire. aG-

saniSnavia, rom ricxvSi calmxriv markirebuli SeTanxmeba

syarbobs gardauval zmnebTan. magaliTad,

a) m e g rul i : Tis mumumumuToToToToxexexexenianianiania totototoronronronronJeJeJeJefifififi (xub. 134, 4)


137

`masSi ziso mtredebi~, cxecxecxecxenenenenefifififi oxvameT gigigiginirnirnirnirTuTuTuTu (xub. 218,

10) `cxenebi salocavad (eklesiad) iqca~; gorgorgorgordedededefifififi Tis iiiixxxx----

vevevevewewewewebubububu (t. I, 281, 326-7) `baKaKebi imas ixveweba~.

b) l a z ur i : mmmmsqvesqvesqvesqvererererefefefefe sumi tutututu (Ciq. II, 79, II) `Svlebi

sami iKo~, Cqini mamamamamumumumulelelelefeqfeqfeqfeq ia doSdoSdoSdoSqviqviqviqvidafs�adafs�adafs�adafs�a (kart. 1972,

12, 21) `Cveni mamlebi mas daaxrCobso~... ncxencxencxencxenenenenefefefefe va renrenrenren

(jG. 139, 25)... `cxenebi ar aris~.

usulo saxelebiT gadmocemuli S3 rogorc megrulSi, aseve

lazurSi, zmnas iTanxmebs ricxvSi calmxrivi markirebiT,

amitomac aseT SemTxvevaSi S3 KovelTvis mcire koordinatia

(Tu sulieriviT moqmedeba ar miewereba). mag., megruli:

qˆlori inoxen iSi ssssuuuuaaaalelelelefifififi ddddiiiirrrriiiikkkkˆnsˆnsˆnsˆns Jas (xub, 115, 19)

`xoxobi rom zis, imisi frTebi dreks xes~, onanonanonanonangegegegererererefifififi gigigigi----

nirnirnirnirTTTT�� zGvaT (xub. 218, 28) ùnagirebi iqceva zGvad... ~ la-

zuri: oxooxooxooxoeeeefefefefe mTeli iyiyiyiyvvvvenenenen (kart. 1972, 15, 16) `saxlebi

Kvela iwvis~, q�ufeq�ufeq�ufeq�ufefefefefe----TiTiTiTi Txoreli tutututu (Ciq. II, 77, 18)

`qvevrebi Camarxuli iKo~, aGani ffffuuuuququququrerererefefefefe mu GodamsGodamsGodamsGodams? (Ciq.

II, 82, 16) àxali foTlebi ras izams?~

rogorc vxedavT, III pirSi dasmuli koordinatis ragva-

roba megrul-lazurSi or faqtorzea damKarebuli: adamia-

nis (sulieris) semantikis mqonea Tu araadamianis (usulo,

nawilobriv sulieri) da meore _ zmna gardamavalia Tu

gardauvali. rogorc morfosintaqsurma da semantikurma

analizma gviCvena, zanurSi ricxvSi SeTanxmebisas gadamwKve-

tia personaluri piris (adamianis) semantikuri kategoria.

es kargad gamoCnda obieqturi piris ricxvis gamoxatvis mo-

delebSic, romlebic erTnairad exeba rogorc saxelo-

biTbrunvian, aseve micemiTbrunvian saxelebs.

I modeli funqcionirebs, roca obieqturi piri dawKvi-

lebulia S1 da S2-sTan. kerZod, kombinaciebSi S1O2 da S2O1

obieqtis ricxvi gamoixateba TTTT morfemiT, xolo S1O3, S2O3

kombinaciebSi _ O3-is ricxvi ar gamoixateba zmnaSi. mag.:


138

S2O1 _ megr.: sqani meti miTa punania do sisisisi xolo mimimimi----

dinˆTiadinˆTiadinˆTiadinˆTia (Kif. 235, 19) `Sens meti aravina gvKavs da Senc

gvekargebio~; dˆmardˆmardˆmardˆmarTiT siTiT siTiT siTiT si ukulia... (Kif. 64, 21) `dagvib-

rundi mereo Sen... ~

laz.: ham oxorJas uwves g�ai dodododomimimimixexexexenanananammmmTiTiTiTiaaaa?~ (kart.

1972, 161-10) àm qals uTxres: `saymels gagvikeTebo?~ ... sisisisi

heSo mmmmeeeemamamamaTxoTxoTxoTxozazazazaTeTeTeTe-aaaa (jG. 57, 11) `Sen kidev dagvedevno... ~

S1O2 _ megr.: ma TqvaTqvaTqvaTqva mujans qorqorqorqorZiZiZiZiriTˆnriTˆnriTˆnriTˆn, xeTe qi-

me‡orofiT (t. I, 155, 137-3)... `roca me Tqven gnaxeT, maSin-

ve SemiKvardiT~; ma gama gama gama gagigigigigogogogoniTniTniTniT do daCxiri akoakoakoakogirgirgirgirziTziTziTziT (Kif.

8, 28) `me dagiJereT da cecxli daginTeT~.

laz.: hawi mamamama bidare, g�ari momomomogiGaTengiGaTengiGaTengiGaTen (jG. 61, 8) àxla

me waval, saymels mogitanT~, ama mamamama TqvaTqvaTqvaTqva qoqoqoqododododogogogogoguguguguamTamTamTamT

(kart. 1972, 174, 5) `magram me Tqven gaswavliT...

II modeli exeba S3-Tan dawKvilebul obieqtebs. kerZod,

S3O1, S3O2 kombinaciebSi obieqturi piris ricxvi gamoixateba

-an, -n, -es morfemebiT, romelTa ganawileba xdeba mwkrivTa

mixedviT, xolo S3O3 kombinaciaSi obieqtis ricxvi ar aisaxe-

ba.

magaliTebi: S3O1 _

megr.: CqiTCqiTCqiTCqiT opykoopykoopykoopykomumumumunananananianianiania TiTiTiTinanananavavavava (xub. 240, 6) `Cvenc Se-

gyamso is~, ... patis Tina qofqofqofqofcencencencendesdesdesdes (xub. 93, 28). `pativs

is gvcemda~

laz.: mundes babababababababa cqaniq duGun mimimimixexexexenananananonononorenrenrenren... (jG. 50-

15) `roca mamaSeni qorwils gadagvixdis... ~ a�a kukukukulalalalaniqniqniqniq memememe----

mimimimibarbarbarbargesgesgesges oxoi (asaT. 143, 91-21) àm gogom migvilaga sa-

xli~.

S3O2 _ megr.: TqvaTqvaTqvaTqva squa qedqedqedqedgegegegebabababadedededebubububunananana wanamowanaSa

(Kif. 277, 15) `Tqven Svili geKolebaT (`dagebadebaT~) erT

weliwadSi~.

laz.: ar fukaraSi bebebebereqreqreqreq mufe goGodagoGodagoGodagoGodamanmanmanman (jG. 77, 7)

èrTi Garibi biyi raebs dagiSavebT (`gizamT~).


139

aGniSnuli modelebidan Cans, rom mxoloobiT ricxvSi

dasmul subieqtur pirTan dawKvilebuli obieqturi piri

megrulsa da lazurSi didi koordinatia, roca is gadmoce-

mulia I da II pirebiT (romlebic KovelTvis adamianis

aGmniSvnelia), xolo mcire koordinatia, roca III piria.

Cndeba kiTxva, ramdenad SesaZlebelia O3 iKos didi ko-

ordinati da aris Tu ara es damokidebuli imave faqtoreb-

ze, rac subieqtis analizma gamoavlina. aq ki wamoiyreba in-

versiis sakiTxi, romelmac, rogorc Cans, araTu qarTulSi

gamoiwvia zmnisa da saxelis sintaqsuri meqanizmis istoriu-

li cvlileba [Ciqobava 1968; meliqiSvili 2001], aramed za-

nurSic. inversia megrulSi gvaqvs rogorc gardamaval, ise

gardauval zmnebSic, xolo lazurSi is Semogvinaxa relati-

ur-statikurma zmnebma. inversiul formaTa raodenobas

zrdis potencialisis formebic. Sesabamisad, am tipis zmneb-

Si morfologiuri obieqti adamianis (sulieris) aGmniSvne-

lia rogorc I da II pirSi, aseve III pirSic. amdenad, aq mo-

qmedebs saxelisa da zmnis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis III modeli,

romlis Tanaxmad samsave pirSi MO anu RS-is ricxvi aGniS-

nulia -an, -es, -n morfemebiT.

maSasadame, inversiul zmnebSi MO didi koordinatia

maSinac, roca III pirSi iTanxmebs zmnas ricxvSi ormxrivi

markirebiT, radgan is personaluri piris gamomxatvelia.

magaliTad,

megr.: ZGabensZGabensZGabensZGabens qomonJ vavavavaSiSiSiSibubububunananana (t. I, 238, 33-3) `gogo-

ebs qmari ver uSoviaT~, eq ewKinesewKinesewKinesewKines uCaSi dadadadalenslenslenslens (xub. 61,

18) ès ewKinaT ufros debs~.

laz.: hako fafafafadidididiSaGefesSaGefesSaGefesSaGefes msqva bozofe u�onuu�onuu�onuu�onunannannannan (kart.

1972, 174, 21) `xelmwifeebs lamazi qaliSvilebi hKavT~, bebebebe----

eeeefesfesfesfes mu aGodesaGodesaGodesaGodes (kart. 1972, 44, 34) `bavSvebs ra daemar-

TaT~ (ix. gv. 71-78).

aqve Tavs iCens erTi saKuradGebo movlena. megrulSi


140

micemiTi brunvis funqciuri datvirTva qarTulis msgavsia.

is aris rogorc iribi, aseve pirdapiri obieqtis brunva,

aseve III seriis inversiuli gardamavali zmnebis O-isa da re-

latiur-statikur zmnaTa MO-isa.

lazurSi micemiTis poziciebi Sesustebulia. Jer erTi,

gardamavali zmnebis konstruqciebSi obieqti KovelTvis sa-

xelobiTbrunviania, mxolod iribi obieqti dgas micemiTSi,

aseve inversiul relatiur-gardauval zmnaTa MO gadmoce-

mulia micemiTiT. mkvlevarTa mier aGiniSna, rom lazurSi

isaxeba tendencia, gauTanabrdes zmnis inversiuli formebi

pirdapiri wKobis zmnebs sintaqsuri Zalis mixedviT da es

movlena Tavs iCens gardauval zmnebSi [kartozia 1968, 145-

146]. Cveni mxriv, aGvniSneT, rom inversiul-relatiur sta-

tikur zmnebTan realur subieqtad moazrebuli micemiT-

brunviani obieqti saxelobiT brunvaSi SeiZleba dadges, anu

aris mcdeloba konstruqciis `gasworebisa~. magaliTebi:

sum JuJuJuJumamamama baba niSiSe ar dimi uSkuri uGuruGuruGuruGurTesTesTesTes (Ciq. II

130, 1) `sam Zmas (`Zma~) mamisagan erTi vaSlis xe hqondaT~;

oTxi-xolo JuJuJuJumamamama oxorJalefe miKunumiKunumiKunumiKununannannannan (Kif. 645, 11-12)

`oTxive Zmas (`Zma~) colebi gvKavs~; zenzenzenzengigigiginenenenefefefefe aSaSaSaSkukukukuririririnenenenetestestestes

do meCamtes (kart. 1970, 227, 1) `mdidrebs (`mdidrebi~)

eSinodaT da aZlevdnen~; belqi konkonkonkonCeCeCeCefefefefe Sqimi quSquSquSquSkukukukunannannannan (Ciq.

II, 137, 26) `SeiZleba Cemma kacebma (`kacebi~) ician~.

miuxedavad amisa, SesitKvebis semantikidan gamomdinare,

mravlobiTSi dasmuli sulieri saxelis, obieqtis ricxvi

zmnaSi gamoixateba. amdenad, zmnis morfologiuri struq-

tura, kerZod, ricxvis gamoxatvis modeli inversiul zmneb-

Si iZleva imis saSualebas, rom micemiTSi dasmuli MO Ca-

iTvalos did koordinatad.

rogorc Cans, megrul-lazurSi koordinatTa ragvaroba

araa damokidebuli brunvis formebsa da maT mier gadmoce-

mul sintaqsur cnebebze. saxelobiTbrunviani obieqti iseve


141

iqceva, rogorc micemiTbrunviani da sintaqsuri ZaliT ori-

ve uTanabrdeba subieqts pirvelsa da meore pirSi. maT Ca-

morCeba III piri, romelic didi koordinatia, Tu adamianis,

personis aGmniSvneli subieqtia (morfologiuri an realu-

ri), xolo mcire koordinatia, roca an usulo saxeliT

gadmocemuli subieqturi piria, an morfologiurad da sin-

taqsuradac obieqtia.

vfiqrobT, rom gramatikuli ricxvis gamoxatvis identu-

ri sistema megrulsa da lazurSi erTnairad aisaxa koor-

dinaciis sistemaze, romelic, Sesabamisad, CamoKalibebuli

unda KofiliKo maT gaTiSvamde. savaraudoa, Tavis mxriv, za-

nurma xeli SeuwKo rogorc dasavlur dialeqtebSi, aseve

saliteraturo qarTul enaSic koordinaciis sistemis

cvlilebas, rac d. meliqiSvilis azriT `personaluri (aq-

tiuri) da arapersonaluri (pasiuri) pirebis (sulieri-ada-

miani-usulo) opoziciis gaZlierebam gamoiwvia, rasac mice-

miTSi dasmuli saxelis (personaluri piris) mier zmnis

mravlobiT ricxvSi SeTanxmeba mohKva: istoriulad SeTan-

xmebis formaluri principi semantikurma Secvala~ [meli-

qiSvili, 2001, 77]. Cveni mxriv davZenT, rom zanurSi saxeli-

sa da zmnis ricxvSi SeTanxmebisas maqsimalurad gazrdilia

semantikuri faqtoris roli, rac koordinatTa ragvaroba-

zec aisaxa.


142

nawili IInawili IInawili IInawili II

erererergagagagatitititiuuuuli konli konli konli konstruqstruqstruqstruqciciciciis sais sais sais sakikikikiTxiTxiTxiTxi

memememegrulgrulgrulgrul----lalalalazurzurzurzurSiSiSiSi

$$$$1111. . . . ----q suq suq suq sufiqfiqfiqfiqsis funsis funsis funsis funqciqciqciqciiiiisasasasaTvis meTvis meTvis meTvis megrulgrulgrulgrul zmnazmnazmnazmnaSiSiSiSi

specialur literaturaSi aGniSnulia, rom megrulSi -

qqqq sufiqsi daerTvis zmnis I da II piris formebs awmKo-

mKofadSi, I TurmeobiTsa da IV seriis II TurmeobiTSic

ganurCevlad gardamavlobisa (KifSiZe 1994 [1914]; Ciqobava

2008 [1936]). qqqq morfemis korelatadaa miCneuli lazurSi rrrr

sufiqsi, romelic erTpirian vnebiTsa da zogierT saSuali

gvaris zmnaSi gvxvdeba, rogoricaa: megr. b-Guru-q, laz. b-

Guru-r `vkvdebi~, megr. me-{v}-ur-q, laz. v-ulu-r `mivdivar~

(Ciqobava 2008 [1936]). ir. asaTianis TvalsazrisiT, lazurSi

-rrrr ar unda gaimiJnos winmavali eeee, uuuu xmovnebisgan, aramed -erererer,

-urururur sufiqsebi awmKos fuZis mawarmoeblad SeiZleba CaiTva-

los I da II pirSi [asaTiani 1996, 11-12].

i. KifSiZis azriT, -qqqq sufiqsi S2-is odindeli *xxxxºhhhh pre-

fiqsis fonetikuri variantia, romelic sufiqsad moiqca da

analogiiT I pirSic gaCnda (KifSiZe 1994: 108 [1914]). es

Tvalsazrisi ar gaiziara arn. Ciqobavam, Tumca am sufiqss

rom morfologiuri funqcia unda hqonoda, eyvs ar iwvevda

(Ciqobava 2008: [1936]). -qqqq morfemis warmomavlobasTan da-

kavSirebiT q. lomTaTiZem gamoTqva Tvalsazrisi, rom laz.

rrrr da megr. qqqq momdinareobs meSveli zmnisagan o-re-{n}, rome-

lic lazurSi morfemoidebs warmoadgens: -dore{n}, -ere >

re > e(n), xolo megrulSi ZiriTadad dasturdeba qo-re(n)

formiT, sadac qoqoqoqo- nawilakia. mkvlevris azriT, es meSveli

zmna Tavdapirvelad unda gasCenoda statikur zmnebs. gacve-

Tis Sedegad qqqq da rrrr sufiqsebs ekisrebodaT statikurobis,

mdgomareobis, arsebobis aGniSvna [lomTaTiZe 1946]. buneb-


143

rivia, mecniers ar gamoparvia sakiTxi: unda hqonoda Tu ara

es markeri III piris formas, aseve mravlobiTi ricxvis for-

mebsac samsave pirSi. q. lomTaTiZe aGniSnavda, rom `teqni-

kuri pirobebis gamoa, rom III pirSi mxolobiTsa da mravlo-

biTSi ar Cans xolme megrulSi es meSveli zmna~ [lomTaTiZe

1946, 139]. rogorc Cans, `teqnikur pirobebSi~ igulisxmeba

is fonotaqtikuri SezGudvebi, romlebic megruls axasia-

Tebs. kerZod, awmKo-mKofadSi gardamaval zmnas III pirSi er-

Tvis -s s s s sufiqsi, Sesabamisad, -qqqq morfemis darTviT warmoiq-

mneboda TanxmovanTmimdevroba -nsqnsqnsqnsq: yarun-s Sdr. *yaruns-q

`wers~. gardauval zmnebSi S3-is -nnnn sufiqsi TavisTavad ikar-

geba mxoloobiTSi da mravlobiTSi aGdgeba, amdenad -nq mi-

mdevrobis mTlianad dakargvac mosalodnelia, miT umetes,

rom gardamaval zmnebSi analogiuri movlena gvaqvs. Sdr.: v-

yarun-q º byaru (es ukanaskneli movlena SeniSnuli aqvs q.

lomTaTiZes [1946: 132]). TavisTavad, mravlobiTSic mosa-

lodneli iKo arakanonikuri TanxmovanTmimdevroba: -nTqnTqnTqnTq: *b-

yarunTq, xolo III pirSi igive -nqnqnqnq mimdevroba daCndeboda:

*yarun-anq > yarun-a.

cxadia, megrulSi -qqqq morfemis SesanarCuneblad fono-

taqtikuri garemo I da II piris formebSia. savaraudod,

msgavsi procesis gamo SemorCa -rrrr sufiqsi lazursac I da II

pirSi.

maSasadame, TavisTavad, gamoiricxeba -qqqq sufiqsis kavSiri

piris romlobasTan. -qqqq morfemis funqciis kvleva moiTxovs

subieqtisa da obieqtis, rogorc damoukidebeli gramatiku-

li kategoriebis semantikis gaTvaliswinebas. es kargad Cans

orpiriani gardamavali da gardauvali zmnebis analiziTac,

kerZod, is formebia saintereso, sadac S2O3 kombinaciaSi S2

da O3 nulovani niSniTaa markirebuli:

xantun-q si Tis `xatav Sen mas~

akeTen-q si Tis `akeTeb Sen mas~


144

atKobu-q si Tis `emalebi Sen mas~

utibu-q si Tis `uTbebi Sen mas~.

S→O subieqt-obieqtis urTierTmimarTebaSi -qqqq morfemiT

aqcentirebulia swored is saxeli, romelic mimarTavs mo-

qmedebis veqtors obieqtisaken. esaa saxelobiT brunvaSi da-

smuli saxeli. Sesabamisad dgeba zmnuri konstruqciebis sa-

kiTxi. erTi mxriv, gvaqvs nominatiuri konstruqcia, sadac

piris subieqturoba zmnaSi markirebulia -qqqq morfemiT. meo-

re mxriv, gvaqvs ergatiuli konstruqcia (II seria), sadac

piris subieqturobis ganmsazGvrelia moTxrobiTi brunva

aseve ganurCevlad zmnis gardamavlobisa.

{do}-xantu Tiq Tina `daxata man is~

{ga}-akeTu Tiq Tina `gaakeTa man is~

da-tKobu Tiq Tinas `daemala is (`man~) mas~

gutibu Tiq Tis `dauTba is (`man~) mas~

rogorc Cans, zmnaSi dadasturebuli -qqqq morfema da sa-

xelis moTxrobiTis niSani -q q q q sufiqsi erTi da imave morfo-

logiuri funqciis mqonea. Cven mas vuwodebT susususubibibibieqeqeqeqtotototobis bis bis bis

sssseeeemanmanmanmantitititikiskiskiskis gamomxatvel morfemas, Tumca T. maxarobliZis

mier is Sefasda, rogorc mxolod vinvinvinvin----susususulilililieeeerorororobis kabis kabis kabis katetetetegogogogo----

ririririisisisis aGmniSvneli zmnaSi. mkvlevris azriT, `megrul zmnebSi

rom qqqq ergativis niSania, amis dasturia isic, rom yanurSi

awmKoSi dGesac gvaqvs ergativi. rogorc a. Ciqobava wers:

`yanurSi amjamad gardamavali zmna ergativs moiTxovs Kvela

nakvTTan... oGond mesame pirSi: pirveli da meore piris na-

cvalsaxelebs moTxrobiTi ara aqvT... ara aqvT imitom, rom

pirveli da meore isedac vin-kategoriisaa da moTxrobiTiT

amis gamoxatva enam aicila, rogorc damatebiTi referenci-

reba. amitomaa, rom megrulSi zmnaTa mxolod pirvel-meore

pirebSia qqqq ergativis niSani... SesaZloa, zogadad ergatiu-

lobisa da nominatiurobis sistemaTa zmnur diaTezas fo-

nosemantikur an morfosemantikur etimologiur safuZvlad


145

edos susususubibibibieqeqeqeqtis vintis vintis vintis vin----susususulilililieeeerorororobibibibisa da rasa da rasa da rasa da ra----usuusuusuusulolololobisbisbisbis anu ad-

amiani-nivTis kategoriis niSani. subieqtis ra-usulo kate-

goria nominatiuri bunebisaa da vin-sulieri kategoria ki

ergatiuli, aqtiuri SinaarsiT xasiaTdeba~ [maxarobliZe

2009, 93].

am vrceli amonarididan Cans, rom mkvlevaric subieqtis

kategoriasTan akavSirebs -qqqq morfemas, Tumca azustebs se-

mantikas: vin-sulierobis kategoria. adaadaadaadamimimimiaaaanisnisnisnis, vin katego-

riis mniSvneloba kargad gamoCnda ricxvis kategoriis ana-

lizisas, amitomac Cven ar gamovricxavT adaadaadaadamimimimiaaaanisnisnisnis semantikis

kavSirs zogadad ergativTan da konkretulad -qqqq morfemas-

Tan megrul zmnebSi. Tumca aris ramdenime momenti, rome-

lic gvafiqrebinebs, rom pirovani uGvlilebis CamoKalibe-

bis Semdeg adamiani-nivTi opozicia transformirdeba subi-

eqti-obieqti opoziciiT. Cven ar gamovricxavT, rom zoga-

dad ergatiulobisa da nominatiurobis sistemaTa zmnur

diaTezas safuZvlad edos adamiani-nivTis kategoria [maxa-

robliZe 2009, 93], Tumca megrulsa da lazurSi ganviTare-

buli procesebi gvafiqrebinebs, rom upiratesi gaxda subi-

eqti-obieqti kategoriis niSani. Tumca es procesi megrul-

sa da lazurSi mainc gansxvavebulad warimarTa.

megrulSi ergatiul da nominatiur konstruqciebSi su-

bieqt-obieqtis semantika aqtantebidan gadadis zmnaSi. mar-

Talia, subieqtis brunva awmKoSi saxelobiTia, magram misi

subieqturobis damatebiTi markireba xdeba zmnaSi, amJerad

ganurCevlad imisa, zmna gardamavalia Tu gardauvali. si-

metriuloba daculia: ergativis niSniT markirebuli zmna I

seriaSi da ergatiuli niSniT markirebuli saxeli II seria-

Si. simetriulobisaken swrafva sruliad kanonzomieria,

Tumca es procesi megrulSi bolomde ar wasula gansxvave-

biT lazurisagan, sadac sruli simetriaa. Tumca am simet-


146

riis darGveva rom gansxvavebuli tendenciis dasawKisia,

esec kargad Cans imave lazuris magaliTze.

$$$$2222.... er er er ergagagagatitititiuuuuli konli konli konli konstruqstruqstruqstruqciciciciis ganis ganis ganis ganviviviviTaTaTaTarerererebis bis bis bis

tentententendendendendencicicicieeeebi labi labi labi lazurzurzurzurSiSiSiSi

lazurSi moTxrobiTi brunva iqca gardamavali zmnis

subieqtis brunvad ganurCevlad dro-kilosi, xolo saxelo-

biTi _ gardauvali zmnis subieqtis brunvad aseve ganurCev-

lad mwkrivisa da, rac metad saKuradGeboa, saxelobiTSi

dgas gardamavali zmnis obieqtic aseve ganurCevlad dro-ki-

losi (ra Tqma unda, inversiul zmnebs Tu ar gaviTvaliswi-

nebT). anu gardamavali zmnis sakonversio obieqti, igive su-

bieqti gardauvali zmnisa, erTsa da imave brunvaSi dgeba.

maSasadame, lazurSi I da II seriaSi, aseve arainversiul

TurmeobiTebSi ergatiuli da nominatiuri konstruqciebi

CamoKalibda rogorc subieqt-obieqtis opozicia, Sesabami-

sad, moTxrobiT brunvaSi dasmuli saxeli, KovelTvis subi-

eqtia, xolo saxelobiTSi _ KovelTvis obieqtia an konver-

siuli pasivis subieqti.

miuxedavad amgvari kanonzomierebisa, isic cxadia, rom

lazurSi ergatiuli konstruqciis ganviTarebis sxvadasxva

tendenciaa. Jer kidev j. diumezili SeniSnavda, rom lazur-

Si zogJer `aralegitimuri ergativi~ iCens Tavso [diumez-

ili 2009, 12].

arn. Ciqobavas ar gamorCenia is faqti, rom `s. Jiqias mi-

er Caweril teqstebSi moTxrobiTi moSlili Cans da micemi-

Tic amave gzazea damdgari. magram aTinurs mTlianad es ar

exeba~ [Ciqobava 1936, 181].

marTlac, teqstebis analizidan Cans, rom gardamavali

da gardauvalzmniani konstruqciebi umetesad ar gansxvavde-

ba erTmaneTisagan, anu zmnasTan SewKobili Kvela aqtanti


147

saxelobiTi brunvis formiTaa warmodgenili. warmovadgenT

magaliTebs:

I. gardamavalzmniani:

konstruqcia gulisxmobs: S erg. Oind dat. Odir nom.

rogorc wesi, moTxrobiTi da micemiTi brunva moSli-

lia:

(1) memed aGa haJiluGiSa olvafu goru (Ciq. II, 118, 2) me me me memedmedmedmed----aGaaGaaGaaGa----[q] Snom. [erg. ] haJiluGiSa ololololvavavavafufufufu Odir nom. goru

`memed-aGam salocavSi wasvla gadawKvita (`wasasvleli ipova~)~;

(2) oSquri-Ti nana-muSi qomeCu (Ciq. II, 122,12) oSoSoSoSququququriririri-Ti Odir nom nananananananana----mumumumuSiSiSiSi-[s] Oind nom. [dat. ] qomeCu `vaSlic dedamisi [deda-miss] misca~;

(3) bozumoTa xoJa ubonamtu-Si, Ti umbortuSa, saponi To-li piJi dusu-si..., (Ciq. II, 118, 15-16) bobobobozuzuzuzumomomomoTaTaTaTa-[q] S nom [erg. ] xoxoxoxoJa Ja Ja Ja Odir nom. ubonamtu-Si, Ti umbortuSa, sasasasapopopoponininini Odir nom. ToToToTolililili----pipipipiJiJiJiJi----[s] Oind nom. [dat. ] dusu-si... qaliSvili [`qaliSvilma~] xoJa [xoJas] rom banda, Tavi [`Tavs~] rom banda, saponi Tvalpiri [Tval-pirs] ausva...

II. gardauvalzmniani:

(4) xoJa daxa Toli va gvanwinu (Ciq. II, 118, 16) xoxoxoxoJaJaJaJa-[s] Oind nom. [dat. ] daxa ToToToTolililili S nom va gvanwinu. `xoJa [xoJas] Tvali ver gaexila~;

(5) bozumoTa xolo aSqurinu... ... (Ciq. II, 119, 19) bobobobozuzuzuzumomomomoTaTaTaTa-[s] Oind nom. [dat. ] xolo aSqurinu `qaliSvili [qaliSvilsac] SeeSinda~;

(6) ‡ar fukara koCi ‡ar oxorza qu‡onurTu (Ciq. II, 124,9)


148

‡ar fukara kokokokoCiCiCiCi-[s] Oind nom. [dat. ] ‡ar oxoroxoroxoroxorzazazaza S nom qu‡onurTu èrTi Garibi kaci [kacs] erTi coli hKolia~.

Cven mier moKvanili gardauvalzmniani konstruqciebi in-

versiuli zmnebis Semcvelia: (4) potencialisis formaa, (5)

(6) relatiur-statikuri formebia. Sesabamisad, mic. brunva-

Si mosalodneli RS (igive gramatikuli obieqti) saxelobi-

Ti brunvis saxiTaa warmodgenili.

magaliTebidan Cans, rom aTinurSi moSlis gzaze iKo

ergatiuli da datiuri konstruqciebi. gardamavali da

gardauvali zmnebi warmodgenilia nominatiuri konstruqci-

iT, romelic Tavisi arsiT scildeba qarTvelur (kavkasiur

enaTa) nominatiur konstruqcias (S-sax. O-mic. ) da ufro

uaxlovdeba indoevropuls, Tumca akuzativis arqonis gamo,

verc bolomde uTanabrdeba. cxadia, rom morfologiuri

struqturis SenarCuneba, anu zmnaSi pirisa da ricxvis niS-

nebis gamoxatva, ukve veGar gamxdara sintaqsuri struqtu-

ris SenarCunebis winapiroba. kerZod, koordinaciis meqaniz-

mi, rac gamoarCevs qarTvelur winadadebas, moSlilia.

arn. Ciqobava aGniSnavda, rom s. Jiqias mier Caweril

teqstebSi gamokveTili tendencia konsturqciebis moSlisa,

mTel aTinurze ar vrceldebao. Tumca es daskvna emKarebo-

da XX s-is 20-30-iani wlebis monacemebs. TiTqmis 80 wlis

Semdeg dGis wesrigSi dgeba sakiTxi: ra viTarebaa Tanamed-

rove aTinurSi, ra saxe miiGo tendenciam. amave dros, aTi-

nuri kilos mixedviT daafiqsira arn. Ciqobavam piruku pro-

cesic: inversiul zmnasTan subieqti moTxrobiTis formiT:

(7) him dedededererereremenmenmenmenJJJJiiii-TiqTiqTiqTiq isTeri vorsi �afi va uZiuZiuZiuZirarararamunmunmunmun (II,

98-1) ìm mewisqvilesac (`mewisqvilemac~) imisTana kargi Se-

noba ar unaxavs~. mogvianebiT msgavsi konstruqciebi mrav-

lad dafiqsirda g. kartozias mier sxva kilokavebSi, ker-

Zod ki potencialisis formebSi: (8) emuqemuqemuqemuq Cqimda muTu va


149

axaxaxaxvevevevenenenenetutututu (kart. II, 37-24) ìs me verafers miSvreboda [ìman

Cemda rame ar ekeTeboda]~.

I da II seriis paradigmebis mixedviT moTxrobiTi brun-

vis ganawilebis wesi ZiriTadad daculia lazurSi, magram

e. w. inversiul TurmeobiTebSi viTareba araerTgvarovania.

mkvlevrebs ara erTgzis aGuniSnavT, rom lazurSi mimdina-

reobs inversiul formaTa Senacvleba pirdapiri wKobis

formebiT, rac saerTo-qarTvelur movlenadaa Sefasebuli

[JorbenaZe 1995, 169; kartozia 2005, 174-177]. igulisxmeba,

rom e. w. inversiul TurmeobiTebSi gardamavali zmnis iri-

bi obieqti micemiTSia (mimarTulebiTis nacvlad), mag. (9)

`KonasKonasKonasKonas (=KonaSa) xe-Ti vavavava nunununususususumumumumututututu (Ciq. I. 38-2) `KanisTvis

(`Kanas~) xelic ar gausvams~. aseve subieqtic SeiZleba imave

brunvaSi darCes, ra brunvaSic aris pirdapiri wKobis

dros, anu moTxrobiTis formiT iKos warmodgenili.

potencialisis formebi, o. uridias azriT, mesame se-

riis mwkrivTa formebis analogiuria, Tumca gardauvali. g.

kartozia ki miiCnevs [2005, 173], rom vnebiTis Kalibis ga-

moKeneba (formobrivi mxare) araa arsebiTi piroba, raTa po-

tencialisis zmnebi ar Cadges gardamavali zmnebis uGlebis

paradigmaSi iseve, rogorc III seriis sxva formebi, romle-

bic formiT vnebiTia, e. i. ZiZiZiZirumsrumsrumsrums `xedavs~, ZiZiZiZirurururu `dainaxa~

zmnebis rigs agrZeleben formebi: uZiuZiuZiuZirarararamunmunmunmun ùnaxavs~, aZiaZiaZiaZi----

renrenrenren `SeuZlia xedva~ [èKureba~].

maSasadame, lazurSi, erTi mxriv, gvaqvs gardamavali

zmnebis e. w. inversiuli konstruqcia formiT: RS = micemi-

Ti, Od = saxelobiTi, Oind = mimarTulebiTi brunva:

(10) mimimimiTiTiTiTiSaSaSaSa mumumumuTuTuTuTu var mimimimiTqvaTqvaTqvaTqvafunfunfunfun (kart. I, 46, 23-24)

miTi-Sa Oind muTu Odir var mi-Tqvaf-un V inv

àravisTvis[vinmesTvis] araferi [rame] ar miTqvams~.


150

meore mxriv, gvaqvs inversiuli zmnuri formebi pirdapi-

ri konstruqciis farglebSi formuliT: S= moTxrobiTi, Oin-

d = micemiTi, Odir = saxelobiTi: mag.

(11) him dedededererereremenmenmenmenJJJJiiii----TiqTiqTiqTiq isTeri vorsi �a�a�a�afifififi va uZiuZiuZiuZirarararamunmunmunmun

(Ciq. II, 98-1)

him deremenJi-Ti-q Serg isTeri vorsi �afi Odir va-uZiramun

V inv `im mewisqvilesac [mewisqvilemac] imisTana kargi Senoba

ar unaxavs~.

potencialisis formebs Tu imave rigisad ganvixilavT,

rogorc III seriis inversiul formebs, aqac ori saxis kons-

truqcia gvaqvs: erTi mxriv, inversiuli: RS = micemiTi, O =

saxelobiTi:

(12) CquCquCquCqu hahahaha��aaaa var mamamamayyyykokokokomemememenannannannan (jG. 56, 9)

Cqu Sdat ha�a Oind var ma-ykomen-an Vinv

`Cven es ar gveymeva~.

meore mxriv, pirdapiri konstruqcia formuliT: S = mo-

TxrobiTi, O = saxelobiTi:

(13) qoqoqoqomomomomolililili sqasqasqasqaniqniqniqniq beebeebeebee Tamami var aaaaxexexexenunununu (jG. . 65-3)

qomoli sqani-q Serg bee Oind Tamami var a-xen-u Vinv

`[Senma qmarma] Sens qmars bavSvi mTlianad ver gaekeTa~.

samecniero literaturis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba da-

vaskvnaT: moTxrobiTbrunvianma subieqtma, romelic amosaval-

Si lazurSic mxolod II seriis brunva iKo, Caanacvla saxe-

lobiTi brunva I seriaSi mTlianad, radgan pirdapiri wKoba

darCa pirdapir wKobad, xolo III seriaSi es procesi ase un-

da warmarTuliKo: Jer inversia moxda, xolo Semdeg daiwKo

pirdapir wKobasTan gaTanabrebis tendencia.

saKovelTaod miCneulia, rom qarTvelur enebSi inversi-

is procesis formaluri asaxva, anu gramatikalizacia moxda

maSin, roca ricxvis gamoxatva morfologiis donezec da

sintaqsuri ZaliTac SeZlo micemiTSi dasmulma saxelma


151

[meliqiSvili 2001]. rogorc Cans, inversiis gramatikaliza-

cia amiT ar damTavrebula lazurSi. gamomdinare sistemuri

cvlilebidan, rac gardamavali zmnis konstruqciis `Caswo-

rebiT~ (Tu gnebavT unifikaciiT) gamoixata, amave mizeziT

(Tu mizniT) inversiis gramatikalizacia xom ar xdeba sin-

taqsur donezec: RS, igive moqmedebis mimGebi, ganmcdeli pi-

ri, romelic micemiTi brunviT gamoixateboda, dadga moTxro-

biT brunvaSi. sintaqsma gaavlo miJna `warmomavlobiT~ (for-

ma) gardauval da sintaqsur-semantikurad (Sinaarsis plani)

gardamavali zmnis paradigmebs Soris, anu zmnuri forma da-

rCa inversiuli, ufro swored, morfologiis Seucvlelad

Seicvala konstruqcia, rac kidev erTxel adasturebs imas,

rom ergatiuloba aqtantTa maxasiaTebelia da ara zmna-Semas-

menlis. amitom arcaa moulodneli, rom analogiurad `Ca-

sworda~ potencialisis inversiuli konstruqciebic.

rogorc Cans, lazurSi ergatiulobis morfologiuri

Tu morfosintaqsuri maxasiaTeblebis gaCenas TurmeobiTeb-

sa da potencialis zmnur konstruqciebSi xeli SeuwKo ro-

gorc zmnaTa semantikam, aseve maTTan SewKobil saxelTa se-

mantikamac.

g. klimovma sagangebod Seiswavla ergatiuli konstruq-

cia lazurSi da `anomaliad~ Seafasa is faqti, rom ergati-

uli konstruqcia gaaCniaT ara marto gardamaval, aramed

gardauval zmnebsac. man gamoKo sami Jgufi zmnebisa, rom-

lebsac aerTianebs is, rom isini gamoxataven aqtiuri deno-

tatis _ `sulieris~ moqmedebas. esenia, ZiriTadad, medioaq-

tiuri zmnebi oooo----ZiZiZiZicincincincin----u u u u `sicili~, oooo----xoxoxoxoronronronron----uuuu `cekva~, oooo----papapapa----

rarararamiTmiTmiTmiT----uuuu `laparaki~, oooo----pepepepeteltelteltel----uuuu `kikini~, oooo----lallallallal----uuuu `Kefa~,

oooo----ykeykeykeykedindindindin----uuuu `Kureba~, oooo----xvexvexvexvewinwinwinwin----uuuu `xvewna~ da a. S. tipisa,

romelsac aqtiur zmnebs uwodebs g. klimovi da miiCnevs,

rom istoriulad lazurSi adgili hqonda aqtiuri da sta-

tikuri zmnebis leqsikur opozicias, rac ganapirobebda aq-


152

tiur da inaqtiur konstruqciebs, rac, Tavis mxriv, siste-

mur koordinacias hqmnida arsebiT saxelTa aqtiur (suli-

er) da inaqtiur (usulo) JgufebTan [klimovi 1976]. meore

mxriv, aqtiuri wKobis transformacia nominatiur wKobad,

mkvlevris azriT, ganapiroba aqtiuri da statikuri zmnebis

opoziciis Secvlam tranzitul da intranzitul opozici-

ad. Sesabamisad, intranzitul zmnebTan -qqqq niSniT gaforme-

bul brunvas unda mieces ara ergativis, aramed nominativis

kvalifikacia, xolo sakuTriv -qqqq morfema unda CaiTvalos

nominativis alomorfad ∅ nulovan alomorfTan erTad

[klimovi 1976, 154-156]. aseT SemTxvevaSi, mkvlevris Sexedu-

lebiT, gasagebi xdeba moTxrobiTbrunviani konstruqciis

mqone winadadebebis farTo speqtri Kvela zmnasTan gramati-

kuli drois ganurCevlad. aGsaniSnavia, rom g. klimovs arc

is gamorCenia, rom gardauval zmnasTan qvemdebaris gafor-

meba -qqqq sufiqsiT xSirad damokidebulia zmnis adgilze (po-

zicia) winadadebaSi, kerZod, roca winadadebaSi gvaqvs er-

Tgvari Semasmenlebi da maT Soris erT-erTi ekuTvnis kli-

movis mier gamoKofil zmnur Jgufebs. Cveni mxriv, davazus-

tebdiT, rom aseTi zmna uSualod mosdevs qvemdebares, xo-

lo momdevno zmna (zmnebi) gardamavalia. mag. ar ndGas ar

mCxvafa taronis CilCilCilCil----qoqoqoqomomomomoJiqJiqJiqJiq ontuleSa qoqoqoqododododoloxloxloxloxTesTesTesTes do

xaxaxaxaCCCCqumqumqumqumtestestestes Cqva (abaS. 77, 10) `erT dGes mzian amindSi col-

qmari bostanSi Sevidnen da Toxnidnen~... `... qoqoqoqomomomomoJiJiJiJi muSiq

nanananassssTTTTeeeerurururu do osTerus qog�oyqog�oyqog�oyqog�oykkkkeseseses (abaS. 77, 14) `misma qmarma

iTamaSa da TamaSoba daiwKes~.

meore viTareba, rasac gamoKofs g. klimovi, exeba iseT

winadadebas, romelSic qvemdebaresa da zmna-Semasmenels So-

ris moqceulia saxelmzmnuri viTarebis garemoeba. mag., babababa----

baqbaqbaqbaq xoxoxoxororororonernernerner-xoxoxoxororororoneneneneriririri oxoriSa iduiduiduidu `moxuci cekva-cekviT

wavida saxlSi~ [klimovi 1976, 153].


153

Cven vrclad mimovixileT g. klimovis Tvalsazrisi, rad-

ganac specialur literaturaSi man pirvelma gaamaxvila

KuradGeba lazuris am Taviseburebaze. garda amisa, misi Te-

oria Tu hipoTeza qarTveluri (resp. lazuri) zmnis aqti-

urobis Sesaxeb dGemde rCeba samuSao debulebad. miT uf-

ro, rom zmnuri leqsikuri dubletebis kvlevam qarTulSi

gamoavlina sulieri ∼ usulo diqotomia (wola ∼ deba, wa-qceva ∼ davardna), xolo qona-Kolis zmnebis semantikis Se-

swavlam Zvel qarTulSi gamoavlina pirovneba ∼ nivTis dapi-rispireba [Sengelia 2006, 86-122]. aseve `vin~ da `ra~ na-

cvalsaxelTa dapirispireba Tavs iCens rogorc zmnasTan Se-

xamebisas, aseve uGlebis paradigmebSic: `vin~ nacvalsaxelis

semantikiTaa gapirobebuli, rom Zvel qarTulSi mas ara

aqvs moqmedebiTi (instrumentalisi) da viTarebiTi (tran-

sformativi) brunvebi, romlebic `ra~ kiTxviT nacvalsaxels

ewarmoeba. xolo `raman~ brunva Zvel qarTulSi iSviaTad

dasturdeba. aqedan gamomdinare, m. suxiSvili daaskvnis:

`nivTis semantikuri klasis aGmniSvneli saxelebis ergatiu-

li brunviT xmareba SezGudulia (TavianTi semantikiT isini

mxolod subieqtis III piris saxelebad SeiZleba mogvevlinon

saTanado zmnebTan). migvaCnia, rom am saxelebSi ergativis

gamoKeneba gviandeli unda iKos. Zveli qarTulis zogierTi

faqti SeiZleba migvaniSnebdes nivTis aGmniSvnel saxelebSi

ergatiuli brunvis CamoKalibebis dinamikas~ [suxiSvili

1999, 19].

Cveni dakvirvebiT, adamiani ∼ nivTi, sulieri ∼ usulo

dapirispireba gadamwKvetia ergatiuli konstruqciis gaCeni-

sas lazuri gardauvali zmnebis, aseve gardamavali zmnebis

III seriis formebSi. sagangebod SeviswavleT nurdoGan aba-

SiSis mier gamocemuli viwuri teqstebi [abaSiSi 2005], ra-

Ta Segvedarebina adre gamocemul viwur teqstebTan, aseve

SevadareT sarfuli (saqarTvelos nawili) teqstebi aTinur


154

da viwur-arqabul teqstebs ori mizniT: Segvemowmebina g.

klimovis dakvirvebiT gamoKofili semantikuri velebi zmni-

sa da saxelisa: Seicvala Tu igive darCa; rogoria erga-

tivis gavrcelebis sixSire kilo-kavuri monacemebis mixed-

viT.

pirveli TvalsazrisiT, masalam daadastura igive zmnu-

ri semantikuri Jgufebi. aseve -qqqq sufiqsiani saxelebi sulie-

ris niSniT xasiaTdebian. moviKvanT magaliTebs:

(1) ma bZiri Skule dadadadamTimTimTimTireqreqreqreq do bibibibiyiqyiqyiqyiq xolo iZiiZiiZiiZicamcamcamcamtestestestes heSo (abaS. 70, 21); ma bZiri Skule damTire-q Serg do biyi-q Serg xolo i-Zicamt-es V intran heSo `me rom vnaxe, sidedri (`sidedrma~) da biyic (`biy-ma~) icinodnen iqiT~

(2) nunununusaqsaqsaqsaq nonononokakakakaCuCuCuCu Squle... (abaS. 78, 6) nusa-q Serg nokaC-u V intran Squle `rZalma (rom) amoioxra Semdeg... ~

(3) jur bibibibiyiqyiqyiqyiq sum ndGa do sum seris didididisisisisimamamamadesdesdesdes (abaS. 91, 14) jur biyi-q Serg sum dGa do sum seris disimad-es V in-

tran òri biyi (`biyma~) sami dGe da sami Game fiqrob-dnen~.

(4) lomeSi bibibibiyiqyiqyiqyiq gexgexgexgexTuTuTuTu cxeniSen (abaS. 111, 14) lomeSi biyi-q Serg gexT-u V intran cxeniSen `lomis biyi (`biyma~) SeJda cxenze~.

(5) didididivevevevefeqfeqfeqfeq heko wkar-Tis gegegegelulululuxexexexenannannannan do var momCaman-�a (abaS. 112, 9) divefe-q Serg heko wkar-Tis geluxen-an V intran do var momCama-an-�a V tran `devebi (`devebma~) wKarosTavs usxedan da ar gvaZle-veno~

(6) mTumTumTumTuTiqTiqTiqTiq mciqa ninininisisisisimimimiminunununu do... (abaS. 129, 17) mTuTi-q Serg mciqa nisimin-u V intran do... `daTvma cota ifiqra da... ~

(7) mk�afuqmk�afuqmk�afuqmk�afuq oxotkvacineri iduiduiduidu... (abaS. 131, 17)


155

mk�afu-q Serg oxotkvacineri i-d-u... V intran

`tura (`turam~) TofnakraviviT wavida (àfeTqebuli wavida~)

(8) badi mTumTumTumTugiqgiqgiqgiq imimimimsisisisimimimiminunununu... (abaS. 26, 28) badi mTugi-q Serg i-msimin-u... V intran

`beberi Tagvi (`Tagvma~) Sefiqrianda~

rac Seexeba ergatiuli konstruqciis sixSires, aSkaraa,

rom sarfuli metKveleba maGali sixSiriT xasiaTdeba. maga-

liTad, erTi zGapris mixedviT [kalandia 2008, 233-246] er-

gatiuli gardauvali konstruqciebi TiTqmis imdenive amovi-

wereT (10 magaliTi), ramdenic imave n. abaSiSis 12 igavidan

(gv. 70-130). ra Tqma unda, zmnuri da saxeluri semantika am

SemTxvevaSic analogiuria. magaliTebi:

(9) veveveveziziziziriqriqriqriq didididixaxaxaxaziuziuziuziu (kalan. 235, 20) veziri-q Serg dixaziu Vintran `veziri (`vezirma~) gaemzada~.

(10) CoCoCoCobbbbaaaaniqniqniqniq qoqoqoqogexgexgexgextutututu cxenis (kalan. 238, 16) Cobani-q Serg qogext-u V intran cxenis `mwKemsi (`mwKemsma~) SeaJda cxens~.

(11) dido vaxTis oxoxoxoxvevevevewapwapwapwaptutututu CoCoCoCobabababaniqniqniqniq (kalan. 238, 28) dido vaxTis oxvewaptu V intran Cobani-q Serg `didxans exvewa mwKemsi (`mwKemsma~). (12) enenenenTeTeTeTefeqfeqfeqfeq xelebaTen nanananagesgesgesges arTimajras (kalan. 239, 6)

enTefe-q Serg xelebaTen nag-es V intran arTimajras èseni (àmaTma~) sixaruliT Sexvdnen erTmaneTs~.

(13) kukukukulalalalaniqniqniqniq memememexTuxTuxTuxTu cxeniSa (kalan. 242, 15) kulani-q Serg mexT-u V intran cxeniSa `gogo (`gogom~) mivida cxenTan~.

(14) msqibus doloxe ar yita mTumTumTumTugiqgiqgiqgiq wwwwiiiiafafafaftutututu (kalan. 242, 25)

msqibus doloxe ar yita mTugi- q Serg wiaft-u Vintran `wisqvilSi SigniT erTi patara Tagvi (`Tagvma~) wri-

pinebda~ (15) edo mTemTemTemTeliqliqliqliq mzoGaS konaGiSa igzales (kalan. 244,

29)


156

edo mTeli-q Serg mzolaS konaGiSa igzal-es V intran. `hoda, Kvelani (`Kvelam~) zGvis sasaxlisken gaemgzav-rnen~.

(16) oxoroxoroxoroxorJaqJaqJaqJaq fadiSaiS woxle qoqoqoqododdoddoddodgigigigiTuTuTuTu, kukukukulalalalanenenenefeqfeqfeqfeq saGi do solikele hodudgiTes (kalan. 245, 15) oxorJa-q Serg fadiSaiS woxle qododgiT-u V intran, ku-lanefe-q Serg saGi do solikele hodudgiT-es Vintran

`coli (`colma~) fadiSahis win dadga, qaliSvilebi (`qaliSvilebma~) ki marJvniv da marcxniv daudgnen~.

aGsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom lazurSi ergatiuli kon-

struqciis gamoKeneba gardauval zmnebTan ZiriTadad mainc

dasturdeba II seriis formebTan, Tumca is aseve dasturdeba I

seriis formebTanac. rogorc Cans, amgvari viTareba damaxasia-

Tebelia lazuris Kvela kilokavisTvis, xolo maGali sixSire

sarful metKvelebaSi SeiZleba aixsnas dasavlur dialeqteb-

Tan mezoblobiT, sadac Kvela tipis gardauval zmnasTan II

seriaSi (ganurCevlad struqturisa da semantikisa) qvemdebare

KovelTvis moTxrobiT brunvaSi dgas.

ergatiuli konstruqciis ganviTarebis tendenciebis mi-

xedviT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom lazurSi sami mimarTulebiT

mimdinareobs procesi:

a. ergativis moSla gardamaval zmnebTan;

b. ergativis gaCena micemiTi brunvis nacvlad e. w. in-

versiul zmnebSi;

g. ergativis gaCena saxelobiTi brunvis nacvlad garda-

uval zmnebSi.

amaTgan Zlieria mesame (g.) tendencia, miT ufro, me-

grulTan axlos mdgom kilokavebSi. rac Seexeba pirvel or

(a.), (b.) tendencias, ZiriTadad Tavs iCens aTinurSi, magram

arc sxva kilo-kavebisTvisaa ucxo. aGsaniSnavia, rom ergati-

vis moSlis tendencia micemiTis moSlis paralelurad mi-

mdinareobs, anu anomaliad swored es ukanaskneli procesi

SeiZleba Sefasdes, rac lazurze Turquli sintaqsis zewo-


157

lis Sedegi Cans. meore mxriv, ergativis ganviTareba gardau-

val zmnebSi, lazurs aaxloebs megrulTan, Tumca sistema

maTi dro-kilos mixedviT ganawilebisa sakuTriv lazuri

rCeba.

zogadad, megrul-lazurSi ergatiuli konstruqciis

analizi gviCvenebs, rom morfosintaqsuri maxasiaTeblebi da

markirebis principebi gapirobebulia SesitKvebis _ zmnisa

da masTan dakavSirebuli saxelis (subieqtis) _ semantikiT.

iseve, rogorc ricxvSi SeTanxmebis analizma aCvena, ergatiu-

lobis Sinaarsic pirovneba ∼ nivTis dapirispirebaa. ro-

gorc Cans, megrul-lazuris gramatikul sistemas, kerZod ki

aqtantur kategoriebs ganmsyvalavs adamiani ∼ araadamiani diqotomia.


158

nawili IIInawili IIInawili IIInawili III

pipipipirisrisrisris kategoriis kategoriis kategoriis kategoriis gamo gamo gamo gamoxatxatxatxatvis sisvis sisvis sisvis sistetetetemamamama

SesavaliSesavaliSesavaliSesavali

zmnaSi ricxvis gamoxatvis sistemaze msJelobisas Kurad-

Geba gavamaxvileT piris kategoriaze imdenad, ramdenadac

zmnaSi swored piris simravle aGiniSneba. piris kategoriis

gansazGvrisas SevCerdiT e. benvenistis midgomaze: I da II pi-

ri upirispirdeba III pirs, rogorc dialogSi monawile pi-

rebi _ aramonawiles, Sesabamisad I, II ∼ III diqotomia gani-xileboda, rogorc markirebul ∼ aramarkirebul formaTa

dapirispireba [benvenisti 1974]. e. benvenistma qarTulis-

Tvis damaxasiaTebeli faqti _ III piris markireba _ axsna,

rogorc `simetriisaken miswrafeba~, Tumca T. uTurgaiZis

samarTliani SeniSvniT, mas ar auxsnia amgvari `miswrafebis~

safuZveli. mecnieris azriT, safuZvlad SeiZleba miviCnioT

III pirisTvis `iseTi funqciebis miniyeba, romelic aqvT I da

II pirebs, esenia: iniciatoroba, paciensoba da adresatoba,

amaT safuZvelze moxda S3-is, O3d-isa da O3

ind-is markireba

qarTulSi, Sesabamisad rigisa~ [uTurgaiZe 2002, 42].

cxadia, rom qarTul (resp. qarTvelur) enaSi I, II, III pi-

rebi, rogorc romlobis mixedviT dapirispirebuli homoge-

nuri formebi, qmnian zogadad piris kategorias. T. uTur-

gaiZis TvalsazrisiT, `homogenurobis safuZvels qmnian su-

bieqtoba, iribobieqtoba da pirdapirobieqtoba: subieqto-

bis semantika aris iniciatoroba, pirdapirobieqtobisa _

paciensoba, iribobieqtobisa _ adresatoba. eseni pirmi-

marTi aqtantebia _ maT aqvT sakuTari semantika da forma-

luri gamoxatuleba~ [uTurgaiZe 2002, 44). Sesabamisad, me-

cnieri subieqts, pirdapir obieqtsa da irib obieqts miiC-


159

nevs damoukidebel kategoriad.

mTavari argumenti, ris gamoc S ∼ O dapirispireba,

mkvlevris azriT, ver ganixileba kategoriad, gaxlavT is

faqti, rom pirdapiri da iribi obieqtebi saerTo niSniT

gamoixateba. es wesi ganzogaddeba samive qarTveluri enis-

Tvis. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom fonotaqtikis gamo qrono-

logiur doneze enaSi xorcieldeba morfologiuri xasia-

Tis gardaqmnebi, ∅ nulovani markeri iseTive Girebulebi-

saa, rogorc bgeriT gamoxatuli. magaliTad, megrulSi O3d

da O3ind _ orive uniSnoa, anu nulovani markeris mqonea

iseve, rogorc S2, romlis niSanic unda gamoeKenebina enas

Jer Od-is, Semdeg Oind-is aGsaniSnavad (qarTulis analogi-

iT). meore mxriv, S1-is v- prefiqsi da O1-is m- prefiqsi mo-

rfonologiuri gardaqmnebis Sedegad gvaZlevs erTsa da

imave alomorfebs _ b, f, p megrul-lazurSi. magaliTad, bbbb----

gogogogorunqrunqrunqrunq forma SeiZleba niSnavdes b-gorunq ma Tis `veZeb me

mas~, b-gorunq si ma `meZeb Sen me~.

rogorc Cans, mTavari safuZveli, ris gamoc dasaSvebia

erTi da imave markeriT aGiniSnebodes S, Od da Oind, swo-

red is daskvnaa, rasac gvTavazobs T. uTurgaiZe: ` S, Od, Oind

kategoriebi xasiaTdebian sakuTari semantikiTa da am seman-

tikis mqone dapirispirebuli elementebiT, rac ganxorcie-

lebulia pirTa romelobis farglebSi dapirispirebiT~

[uTurgaiZe 2002, 46]. maSasadame, piri, rogorc aqtanturi

kategoria, formisa da Sinaarsis mTlianobaa.

am TvalsazrisiT Zalian sainteresod gvesaxeba piris

gamoxatvis sistema megrul-lazurSi. miT umetes, rom `pir-

Ta saxiT saqme gvaqvs avtonomiur morfologiur sistemas-

Tan morfologiur cvlilebaTa sakuTari meqanizmiT~

[uTurgaiZe 2002, 73]. megrul zmnaSi es meqanizmi Seswav-

lil iqna da kanonzomierebac dadginda t. gudavasa da T.

gamKreliZis mniSvnelovani naSromiT `TanxmovanTkompleqsebi


160

megrulSi~. morfemaTa zGvarze warmoqmnili TanxmovanTkom-

pleqsebis gardaqmnebis kvaldakval gamowvlilviT gamovlin-

da piris (S1, O, O2) gamomxatvel alomorfTa sistema. Sevec-

debiT warmovaCinoT morfonologiuri cvlilebebis meqa-

nizmi lazurSic da SevqmnaT erTiani suraTi piris aGmniS-

vnel alomorfTa sistemisa megrul-lazurSi.


161

IIII Tavi Tavi Tavi Tavi

susususubibibibieqeqeqeqtutututuri piri piri piri piris niSris niSris niSris niSnenenenebi mebi mebi mebi megrulgrulgrulgrul----lalalalazurzurzurzurSiSiSiSi

$$$$1111. . . . vvvv---- pi pi pi piris niris niris niris niSanSanSanSanTan daTan daTan daTan dakavkavkavkavSiSiSiSirerererebubububuli erli erli erli erTi Ti Ti Ti sasasasakikikikiTxiTxiTxiTxisasasasaTvis meTvis meTvis meTvis megrulgrulgrulgrulSiSiSiSi

pirveli subieqturi piris niSani vvvv- megrulSi warmo-

dgenilia /v-/, /b-/, /f-/, /p-/ alomorfebiT Tanxmovniswina po-

ziciaSi homogenurobis safuZvelze, Tumca am wess absolu-

turi xasiaTi ara aqvs [gudava, gamKreliZe 2000, 167-170;

dadiani 2003, 30]. specialur literaturaSi gamoTqmulia

varaudi, rom `kbilbagismieri vvvv-s paralelurad da TiTqmis

Kvela im poziciaSi, romlebSic is gvaqvs, wKvilbagismieri

…………-c gamovlindeba~, gansakuTrebiT senakur-martvilur

kilokavSi [JanJGava 2009, 281]. Tumca xmovniswina poziciaSi,

Cveni azriT, ZiriTadia vvvv- morfema. kerZod, vvvv- dasturdeba

aaaa, , , , eeee, , , , oooo xmovnebis win, iiii xmovnis win metaTezisis Sedegad

warmodgeba zemoT aGniSnuli alomorfebiT, xolo uuuu xmov-

nis win ikargeba, anu /∅-/ markeri Semodis S1-is alomorfTa

sistemaSi [KifSiZe 1994, 108; qaJaia, I, 2001, 51]. ukanasknel

xans quTaisis dialeqtologiuri institutis TanamSromel-

Ta mier gamoiTqva mosazreba, rom vvvv- prefiqsi zmnaSi ikarge-

ba -oooo-s wina poziciaSic [dadiani, futkaraZe 2004, 35]. amis

safuZvels maT aZlevda savele pirobebSi mopovebuli masa-

la. Cvenc davinteresdiT am nimuSebiT, romlebic kompiute-

ruli versiis saxiT mogvawoda qalbatonma eka dadianma,

risTvisac mas madlobas movaxsenebT. esaa xoburi metKvele-

bis dargobrivi masala. mTqmeli saubrobs Tavis saqmianoba-

ze mesaqonleobasa Tu mefutkreobaSi, Sesabamisad, uxvadaa

zmnuri formebi pirvel pirSi. Cven sagangebod SeviswavleT

isini da qvemoT warmovadgenT Cvens Tvalsazriss am sakiTx-

Tan dakavSirebiT.


162

rogorc mosalodneli iKo, xobur teqstebSi vvvv- piris

niSani KovelTvis dafiqsirebulia oooo zmnuri xmovani prefiq-

sis win uzmniswino formebSi: v-oreq `var~, v-orwKeq `vxe-

dav~... ufro sainteresoa V-v-o mimdevroba, roca piris ni-

Sans win uZGvis zmniswinis an nawilakis (maT Soris dadas-

turebiTi qoqoqoqo- da uarKofiTi vavavava- nawilakebis) xmovani ele-

menti. kerZod, V-v-o mimdevrobaSi V= a, e, o xmovnebs, rom-

lebic asimilaciis gziT icvleba an reducirdeba. specia-

lur literaturaSi aGniSnulia, rom zmniswinis nawilake-

biT garTulebis kvaldakval ufro Zlierdeba reduqciis

tendencia. Sesabamisad, piris niSnis win warmoiqmneba Tan-

xmovanTmimdevrobebi, romlis Tavkidura da bolokidura

poziciaSi xmovani (am SemTxvevaSi zmnuri prefiqsi) ar ikar-

geba [gudava, gamKreliZe 2000, 186-187]. aqve davamatebT,

rom C+v kompleqsi megrul-lazurSi bunebriv kompleqsTa

wKebas ganekuTvneba da istoriulad amosavlad C… kom-

pleqsi miiCneva [gamKreliZe, mayavariani 1965, 61].

maSasadame, V-v-o mimdevroba sam kombinacias gvaZlevs: (1)

a-v-o; (2) e-v-o; (3) o-v-o. Cveni dakvirvebiT, xobur teqsteb-

Si (1) da (2) SemTxvevebSi vvvv- prefiqsi KovelTvisaa warmo-

dgenili, magram KuradGebas ipKrobs (3) kombinacia. rogorc

wesi, oooo----vvvv----oooo mimdevroba zmnur formebSi Cawerilia uouououo mi-

mdevrobiT. warmovadgenT magaliTebs:

quwinq aka do dudududuooooyayayayararararafufufufuanqanqanqanq `vetKvi erTi da davaweri-

neb~; ukul Ti siropis qiqiqiqinunununuoooobundbundbundbund `mere im sirops Cavasxam-

di~; ramkefs xo quququqududududuononononwkawkawkawkaranTranTranTranT arZas `CarCoebs xom dava-

wKobT Kvelas~; aTi sanTels ukul geggeggeggegˆnunununuoooofufufufununununuaaaanTnTnTnT Cqi àm

sanTels mere gadavadnobT Cven~; kasruls qeqeqeqenunununuororororGvanTGvanTGvanTGvanT,

wKars qeqeqeqedudududuoooobunTbunTbunTbunT `vedroSi CavKriT, wKals CavasxamT~; qeqeqeqe----

dudududuooooragragragragveveveve viSo `davagde iqiT~; jir dGas ququququorororordiTdiTdiTdiT Teq Se-

Cerebul òri dGe viKaviT gaCerebuli~...


163

uxvad daiZebneba msgavsi formebi am masalaSi, riTac is

arsebiTad gansxvavdeba aqamde gamocemuli megruli teqste-

bisgan. nimuSisTvis moviKvanT ramdenime magaliTs m. xubuas

martvilur-senakuri teqstebidan: oyumares goTandun, dudududu----

vovovovoyKiyKiyKiyKi arT ‡ure ula (42, 25) `dila rom gaTenda, daviwKe

erT mxares siaruli~; qimvogi do gale ququququvo‡oTivo‡oTivo‡oTivo‡oTi (44, 30)

`vesrole da gareT gadavagde~; guguguguvovovovokekekekeTeTeTeTebabababafefefefevavavava (44, 21) `ga-

vakeTebineo~; guguguguvovovovoJiJiJiJinienienienie (49, 26) `rom davxede~, qoqoqoqovorvorvorvorwKewKewKewKe----

diadiadiadia (51, 30) `vxedavdio~, iqve ququququvorvorvorvorwKewKewKewKedidididiTiaTiaTiaTia...

zemoT moKvanil Kvela nimuSSi amosavalia o-v-o mimdev-

roba, radganac zmnur formas erTvis do-, gegno-, go- zmnis-

winebi (aseve SeiZleba erTvodes mo-, da-, -ko-, -wo-, -To- na-

wilakebiT garTulebuli zmniswinebi) da qo- dadasturebi-

Ti nawilaki. sxvaoba isaa, rom xobur teqstebSi arsad Cans

vvvv- prefiqsi da iqmneba STabeydileba, rom is ùkvalod ga-

mqrala~. Cven eyvi ar gvepareba am nimuSebis Camweris kompe-

tenciaSi, magram, vfiqrobT, sakiTxi moiTxovs dazustebas.

paralelurad warmovadgenT xobur teqstebSi moKvanil

da maT amosaval formebs: amoamoamoamosasasasavavavavali forli forli forli formemememebibibibi xoxoxoxobubububuriririri ma ma ma masasasasalalalala do-v-oyarafuanq : duoyarafuanq `davawerineb~

qono-v-obund : qinuobund `Cavasxamdi~

qodo-v-onwkaranT : quduonwkaranT `davawKobT~

gegono-v-ofunuanT : gegˆnuofunuanT `gadavadnobT~

qono-v-orGvanT : qenuorGvanT `CavKriT~

qo-v-ordiT : quordiT `viKaviT~

Tu amosaval formebSi vivaraudebT piris niSnis dakar-

gvas, maSin Tavs iKris -oo- mimdevroba: do-v-oyarafuanq →

dooyarafuanq. megrulisTvis damaxasiaTebeli morfonolo-

giuri gardaqmnebis Tanaxmad [gudava, gamKreliZe 2000, 167],

o+o → a, rac kargad Cans II da III piris formebSi:

si dosi dosi dosi do----oyaoyaoyaoyararararafufufufuanqanqanqanq → dadadadayayayayararararafufufufuanqanqanqanq `Sen daawerineb~


164

TiTiTiTina dona dona dona do----oyaoyaoyaoyararararafufufufuansansansans → dadadadayayayayararararafufufufuansansansans ìs daawerinebs~

aseve gveqneba: qiqiqiqinanananabundbundbundbund `Caasxamdi~, ququququdandandandanwkawkawkawkaranTranTranTranT `da-

awKobT~, qeqeqeqenarnarnarnarGvanTGvanTGvanTGvanT `CaKriT~, gegegegeggggˆnanananafufufufununununuanTanTanTanT `gadaadnobT~...

rac Seexeba qoqoqoqo----vvvv----orororordiTdiTdiTdiT zmnas, aq zmnuri xmovani prefiqsis

dakargva Cveulebrivia: qoqoqoqo----rdiTrdiTrdiTrdiT ìKaviT~, Sdr. vovovovoreqreqreqreq `var~,

reqreqreqreq `xar~, rererere{{{{nnnn}}}} àris~. ismis kiTxva, I piris formaSic ra-

tom ar xdeba oo → a gardaqmna? cnobili kanonzomierebaa,

rom I piris niSnis dakargvis SemTxvevaSi morfemaTa sa-

zGvarze ar moqmedebs fonologiuri kanonzomiereba da

amiT xdeba I piris gamiJvna II piris (romelic TavisTavad ar

aGiniSneba) formisagan. SedarebisTvis moviKvanT lazuris

xofur kilokavs, sadac V-v-V poziciaSi bunebrivia piris

niSnis dakargva ganurCevlad imisa, xmovani markirebulia

labialobis niSniT, Tu _ ara. rogorc wesi, morfemaTa sa-

zGvarze ar xdeba asimilacia, gansxvavebiT II piris formisa-

gan: momomomo----vvvv----ulurulurulurulur > momomomouuuulurlurlurlur `movdivar~, magram momomomouuuulurlurlurlur >

mumumumulurlurlurlur `Sen modixar~; man ddddooooooookafkafkafkaf `me movkali~, magram sin

dodododokakakakaaf af af af `Sen mokali~... [Ciqobava 1936, 24; ezugbaia 2004,

32]. esaa zogadi kanonzomiereba, romelic qarTvelur enaTa

mTel sistemaze vrceldeba. amis dasturia momomomo/mamamama monacvleo-

ba subieqturi wKobis zmnebSi kaxursa da fSaurSi [uTur-

gaiZe 1976, 21-22]. maSasadame, dodododo----vvvv----oyaoyaoyaoyararararafufufufuanqanqanqanq formaSi pi-

ris niSnis dakargvis SemTxvevaSi ucvlelad unda darCeni-

liKo -oo- mimdevroba. rogor unda migveGo -uouououo- kompleqsi

dudududuooooyayayayararararafufufufuanqanqanqanq tipis formebSi? rCeba erTi gza: dodododo----vvvv----oyaoyaoyaoya----

rarararafufufufuanqanqanqanq → dudududu----vvvv----oyaoyaoyaoyararararafufufufuanqanqanqanq → dudududuooooyayayayararararafufufufuanqanqanqanq, anu piris

niSnis dakargva xdeba ara amosaval formaSi, aramed meore

etapze _ zmniswinis xmovnis asimilaciis Semdeg: do-v > du-

v. Tumca es naklebad sarwmunod gveCveneba im masalis gaTva-

liswinebiT, rac gamocemuli megruli teqstebidan mogvepo-

veba _ bunebrivi da gavrcelebuli formaa dudududuvovovovoyayayayararararafufufufuanqanqanqanq

tipisa, rasac zepiri monacemebic adasturebs da Tu mainc


165

davuSvebT dudududuooooyayayayararararafufufufuanqanqanqanq, dudududuoooobundbundbundbund, , , , qeqeqeqenunununuororororGvanTGvanTGvanTGvanT da a. S.

formebs, u u u u SeiZleba ganvixiloT rogorc ovovovov an vovovovo (vo > u)

segmentis monacvle. amgvari gardaqmnebi cnobilia saxeleb-

Si: qva > *qova > *qua `qva~, *orvo > *rovo > ruo `rva~.

analogiuri gardaqmnebi gvaqvs -ovovovov- sufiqsian zmnebSi: *Tx-

ov-a-s >Txuas `sTxovos~, *qS-ov-u > Suu `qsova~ [kartozia

2005, 21-30]. maSin uuuu elementi SeiZleba Sefasdes, rogorc

vvvv- piris niSnis alomorfi.

Cveni dakvirvebiT, vvvv- prefiqsis dakargva oooo-s wina pozi-

ciaSi SesaZlebelia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu zmnas erTvis vavavava-

uarKofiTi àr~ nawilaki. magaliTad, erTi mxriv, gvaqvs

forma vavavava----vvvv----oreqoreqoreqoreq : ma iSen vavoreqia (xub. 43, 36) `me mainc

ara varo~; meore mxriv _ forma vavavava----oreqoreqoreqoreq : domiSindu

gurqˆ, vaoreq meti (Ciqv. 14) `gamisivda guli, meti ara

var~. saqme isaa, rom II da III piris formebSi a + o → a

gardaqmnis Sedegad vGebulobT vavavavareqreqreqreq `Sen ar xar~ da vavavava----

rererere{{{{nnnn}}}} àr aris~ formebs. Sesabamisad, S1-is niSnis dakargvis

SemTxvevaSi forma mainc gansxvavebuli rCeba. zemoT aGvniS-

neT, rom, Cveulebriv, vvvv- prefiqsi ar ikargeba a-v-o mimdev-

robisas, Tu a elementi zmniswiniseulia _ qarTulidan na-

sesxeb da-, ga-, Ca-, wa-, agreTve -la-, -Sa-, -ma- nawilakebiT

garTulebul zmniswinebSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi, rogorc wesi,

xdeba aaaa xmovnis reduqcia. mag., gilgilgilgilvonvonvonvonwkawkawkawkaranqranqranqranq < gegegegelalalala----vvvv----onononon----

wawawawaranqranqranqranq `valageb, vawKob raGacaze~, mimimimiSvorSvorSvorSvorGvaGvaGvaGva < memememeSaSaSaSa----vvvv----orororor----

GvaGvaGvaGva `vKri SigniT~... Tumca dasaSvebia aaaa xmovnis SenarCune-

bac: mimimimiTmaTmaTmaTmavorvorvorvorGvaGvaGvaGva< me-Ti+ma-v-orGva `vKri qvemodan SigniT~...

rac Seexeba vavavava nawilaks, rogorc Cans, misi labialuri

elementi vvvv xelsaKrel pirobas qmnis S1-is vvvv-s dakargvisa-

Tvis. aqve aGvniSnavT, rom amgvari tendencia Zalian sustia

megrulSi.

amrigad, Cven ar viziarebT mosazrebas, rom S1-is niSani

vvvv- ùkvalod ikargeba~ oooo xmovnis win. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom


166

piris niSani TiTqmis KovelTvis ixmareba. rac Seexeba gamo-

nakliss, o-v-o mimdevrobisas /v-/ alomorfis gverdiT dasaS-

vebia /u-/ alomorfi, xolo va- nawilakis darTvisas /v-/-s pa-

ralelurad mosalodnelia /∅-/ alomorfi.

$$$$2222. . . . pirpirpirpirveveveveli suli suli suli subibibibieqeqeqeqtutututuri piri piri piri piris aloris aloris aloris alomormormormorfefefefebi labi labi labi lazurzurzurzurSiSiSiSi

lazurSi pirveli subieqturi piris niSani warmodgeni-

lia Semdegi alomorfebiT: vvvv----, , , , bbbb----, , , , ffff----, , , , pppp----, , , , mmmm----, , , , ∅∅∅∅----, , , , φφφφ----. . . . ganvixi-loT maTi distribucia poziciebis mixedviT.

xmovniswina poziciaSi lazuris Kvela kilokavSi Kovel-

Tvis dasturdeba piris niSani, miuxedavad xmovnis ragvaro-

bisa, gansxvavebiT megrulisagan, sadac uuuu xmovnis win ar ix-

mareba piris arc erTi alomorfi. amave dros alomorfTa

ganawileba lazurSi kilokavuri SerCeviTobiT xasiaTdeba.

aTinurSi ZiriTadad vvvv---- prefiqsia gabatonebuli: vivivivioooonaTnaTnaTnaT

(Ciq. II, 87,25) `waviKvanoT~, vovovovoCiCiCiCilalalalarererere (Ciq. II, 97,7) `dava-

qorwineb~, vuvuvuvuwowowowolemTlemTlemTlemT (Ciq. II, 89,25) `vetKviT, vuwodebT~,

vigvigvigvigzazazazali li li li (Ciq. II, 103,23) `vimgzavre~, `wavedi~, vovovovokakakakapipipipini ni ni ni (Ciq.

II, 108,10) `gavaqcie; gavagde~ da sxva. aGsaniSnavia, rom arn.

Ciqobavas aTinur teqstebSi aris musa gulaber-oGlisagan

Cawerili masala, romelic gamoirCeva bbbb---- alomorfis xmare-

biT Kvela poziciaSi, maT Soris xmovniswina poziciaSic:

biturTbiturTbiturTbiturT (Ciq. II, 109,22) `vitKviT~, bubububulurlurlurlur (Ciq. II, 110,4)

`davdivar~ (Tumca iqve xmarobs vuvuvuvulurlurlurlur formasac), borborborbor

(Ciq. II, 109, 5)`var~, bibibibiCiCiCiCilar lar lar lar (Ciq. II, 111,4) `cols virTav~

da a. S.

bbbb---- alomorfi miCneulia viwur-arqabuli kilokavis Ziri-

Tad maxasiaTeblad. rogorc arn. Ciqobavas, aseve s. jGentis

viwur-arqabul teqstebSi xmovniswina poziciaSi mxolod bbbb----

prefiqsi dasturdeba: borborborbortitititi (Ciq. II, 25,8) `viKavi~, bowbowbowbowkekekeketitititi


167

(Ciq. II, 25,8) `vxedavdi~, bibibibidadadada (Ciq. II, 25,16) `wavide~, boboboboGoGoGoGo----

didididi (jG. 19,22) `gavukeTe~, bibibibiqomqomqomqom (jG. 18,2) `vizam~, boboboboqaqaqaqaCamCamCamCam

(jG. 15,1) `daviyer xelSi~, `vqaCav~, bibibibivavavavatiTtiTtiTtiT (jG. 16,32) `vi-

KaviT~ da sxv. gansxvavebul viTarebas gviCvenebs g. kartozi-

as viwur-arqabuli masala. marTalia, bbbb---- prefiqsiT gaforme-

buli zmnebic gvxvdeba, magram faqtobrivad ZiriTadad vvvv----

alomorfia warmodgenili xmovniswina poziciaSi: vovovovoeTeTeTeT----qiqiqiqi

(kart. 118,25) `rom varT~, voCvoCvoCvoCququququmemememe (kart. 121,7) `vagzavni~,

vuwvuwvuwvuwvivivivi----qiqiqiqi (kart. 121,25) `rom vuTxari~, vuvuvuvululululu (kart. 120,1)

`mivdivar~, vowvowvowvowkekekeketitititi (kart. 123,11) `vxedavdi~, viviviviCaCaCaCalilililiSaSaSaSa

(kart. 123,15) `viCaliCo~ (saqme gavakeTo), vivivivisisisisimamamamadidididi (kart.

123,21) `vismendi~ da a. S.

xofur kilokavSi pirveli subieqturi piri xmovniswina

poziciaSi KovelTvis vvvv- prefiqsiT gamoixateba. am Tvalsaz-

risiT Kvela gamoqveKnebuli masalis avtorebi erTsulovani

arian. maSasadame, xofursa da aTinurSi ZiriTadia vvvv- alo-

morfi, Tumca ukanasknelSi mosalodnelia bbbb- alomorfic.

Jer kidev n. mari aGniSnavda, rom viwur metKvelebaSi vvvv-

prefiqsi ar ixmareba da is bbbb- niSanma gamodevnao [mari,

1910, 44], xolo arn. Ciqobavam es movlena ganazogada vi-

wur-arqabulze [Ciqobava, 1938, 88], Tumca g. kartozias ma-

salidan gamoCnda, rom xmovniswina poziciaSi viwur-arqa-

bulSic Cveulebrivia vvvv- alomorfis gamoKeneba.

rogorc zemoT aGvniSneT, lazurSi xmovnis win piris

niSani ar ikargeba (erTaderTi magaliTi Segvxvda, sadac v-

prefiqsi frCxilebSia Casmuli _ fadiSais-Ti mu-Tu va-Ti

(v)uwva! (Ciq. II, 100,29) `xelmwifesac arc araferi vu-

Txra!~). Tu piris niSnis win aGmoCnda zmniswini an nawila-

ki, xofurSi bunebrivia niSnis dakargva, anu intervokalur

poziciaSi ∅- nulovani alomorfia dasaSvebi. es faqti gaa-

nalizebulia arn. Ciqobavas mier: `v-s dakargvis Semdeg da-

rCenili xmovnebi asimilacias ar ganicdian, sxva SemTxvevaSi


168

ki amgvar xmovanTa asimilacia normaluri movlenaa xofuri-

saTvis; SeiZleba es imitom xdebodes, rom Kvela zemoxsene-

bul kompleqsSi v- subieqturi prefiqsia pirveli pirisa,

da Tu asimilacia moxdeboda, pirvelisa da meore piris

forma erTmaneTs daemsgavseboda; magaliTad: momomomovuvuvuvulurlurlurlur `mo-

vdivar~ > > > > momomomouuuulurlurlurlur; momomomouuuulurlurlurlur `Sen modixar~ > mumumumulurlurlurlur; Tu

pirveli piris formaSi vvvv----s dakargvis Semdeg asimilacias eq-

neboda adgili, unda migveGo mumumumulurlurlurlur, e. i. igive, rac gvaqvs

meore pirSi... ~ [Ciqobava 1936, 24]. am SemTxvevaSi zmniswins

ekisreba pirTa ganmasxvaveblis funqcia, rac gvxvdeba me-

grulSic da qarTuli enis mTis dialeqtebSi [uTurgaiZe

1976, 21-22]. aGsaniSnavia, rom V_V poziciaSi v- prefiqsis

dakargva KovelTvis xdeba ganurCevlad xmovanTa ragvarobi-

sa, gansxvavebiT megrulisgan, sadac igive movlena V-v-u mi-

mdevrobisas dasturdeba. warmovadgenT magaliTebs:

avu avu avu avu > > > > auauauau:::: anTefe gogogogowawawawauuuuGiGiGiGi do... (kart. 43,29) èse-ni wavarTvi da... ~

evu evu evu evu > > > > eueueueu:::: man TrangiSa oxvamuSeni memememeuuuulu�alu�alu�alu�a (kart. 18,8) `me GmerTTan salocavad mivdiva-ro~; amus ar xoJi memememeuSuSuSuSqva qva qva qva (kart. 20,21) àmasTan erTi xari mivuSva~; Cqin mendra gzaSa memememeuuuuluTluTluTluT (kart. 127,28) `Cven sxva gzaze mivdivarT~;

ovu ovu ovu ovu > > > > ouououou:::: kaia, sqaniSeniTi dopkiTxuf�a, dodododouuuuwuwuwuwu----me�ame�ame�ame�a (kart. 8,14) `kargio, SenTvisac ga-movkiTxavo, vetKvio~; baba-sqanis Tolefe man aq dodododouuuukakakakaruf�aruf�aruf�aruf�a (kart. 30,13) `mama-Sens Tvalebs me aq movurCeno~; man�a emus�a qoqoqoqododododouuuuJoJoJoJoxofxofxofxof (kart. 150,23) `meo imaso davuZaxebo~;

avi avi avi avi > > > > aiaiaiai:::: a�a kuis doloxetu do eSaeSaeSaeSaiiiiKoKoKoKoniTniTniTniT (kart. 28,32) èso yaSi (ormoSi) iJda da amo-viKvaneT~; bee-sqaniTi ewaewaewaewaiiiiqaqaqaqaCa�aCa�aCa�aCa�a (kart. 33,8) `Seni Svilic gamovwieo, aviKvaneo~;


169

evi evi evi evi > > > > eieieiei:::: ma muTxani SeSeSeSeiiiinanananaxaxaxaxamimimiminonnonnonnon (kart. 120,21) `me raGacas Sevinaxav~;

eva eva eva eva > > > > eaeaeaea:::: awi man muyoSi pa, qervanJefe memememeaSaSaSaSqva qva qva qva (kart. 51,8) àxla me rogor moviqce, me-qaravneebi mivatovo~;

evo evo evo evo > > > > eoeoeoeo:::: kai, ma memememeoyoyoyoykikikikiaf�aaf�aaf�aaf�a (kart. 56,36) `kargi, me movyrio~;

ovo ovo ovo ovo > > > > oooooooo:::: man dodododoooookakakakaafafafaf, dovosaGef (kart. 27,16) `me movarCen, gamovaJanmrTeleb~; ma cas gogogogowowowowooooobubububu��a a a a (kart. 33,29) `me cas var Camokidebulio~; ma vida kurbeTiSa, faa momomomoororororgagagaga (kart. 50,14) `me wavide saSovar-ze, fuli movigo~.

xofurisagan gansxvavebiT, viwur-arqabulsa da aTinurSi

intervokalur poziciaSi subieqti pirveli warmodgenili

iqneba v- da b- alomorfebiT imave SefardebiT, rogorc es

iTqva xmovniswina poziciis SemTxvevaSi: arqabuli _ momomomobunbunbunbun----

JGoJGoJGoJGonininini (jG. 51,37)`movugzavne~, momomomobubububululululu (jG. 9,27) `movdi-

var~, eSeeSeeSeeSebibibibilaTlaTlaTlaT (jG. 7,16) àvideT~, dodododobonbonbonbonyayayayararararafifififi (jG. 29,1)

`davawerine~, ebuebuebuebuyoyoyoyofafafafarererere (jG. 55,14) àvuGo~ da sxva; aTinu-

ri _ qoqoqoqogogogogovovovovobibibibi (Ciq. II, 105,34) `davasxi~, qoSqoSqoSqoSkokokokoviviviviGam Gam Gam Gam (Ciq.

II, 105,37) àmovitan~, memememendendendendeviviviviGiTGiTGiTGiT (Ciq. II, 106,4) `waviGeT~,

JeJeJeJevovovovoTaTaTaTasasasasarererere (Ciq. II, 106,8) `davTeso~, qeqeqeqevuvuvuvuyoyoyoyofaTfaTfaTfaT (Ciq. II,

106,25) àvuGoT~ da a. S.

bagismier TanxmovanTa wina poziciaSi subieqti pirvelis

gamoxatva xdeba nulovani ∅- markeriT an b- alomorfiT.

magaliTad: dobyum do fafafafaGumGumGumGum e-do oxaCqu zamani aprili

moxTa-is... ~ (Ciq. II, 25,23) `davwvav da gavasufTaveb da ga-

Toxvnis dro _ aprili rom mova... ~ _ fafafafaGum Gum Gum Gum zmnasTan pi-

ris niSani dakargulia, asevea berberberbergumgumgumgum (Ciq, II, 25,16) `vTox-

ni~ forma arn. Ciqobavas teqstebSi, Tumca iqve SeniSnavs

mkvlevari: `Semxvedria: dodododo----bbbb----berberberbergigigigi----cccc: ar kati dobbergi... jur

kati dobbergi èrTxel gavToxne, meored gavToxne~: aq do-

minanti b b b b naTlad irCeoda~ [Ciqobava 1936, 89]. bbbb---- alo-


170

morfs mmmm labialis win vxvdebiT g. kartozias masalaSi: oku-

le Cqva gobgobgobgobmkumkumkumkucxi cxi cxi cxi (!) do Cqva muTu va bZiri (kart. 178,17)

`mere gaviGviZe da sxva veraferi vnaxe~; eSebulutaTSi, bazi

�eris ma biineT�a do biyvafuT-ma do bmGobmGobmGobmGorararararererere (!) (kart.

178,6) `rom amovdiodeT, raGac adgilas viqnebiTo da viwve-

biT-meTqi, viKvireb~... rogorc vxedavT, mkvlevars orivegan

Zaxilis niSani dausvams _ TiTqos ar iKo mosalodneli pi-

ris alomorfi am poziciaSi, miT ufro, rom orive formaSi

morfemaTa sazGvarze warmoiqmneba lazurisTvis arabunebri-

vi TanxmovanTmimdevroba bmkbmkbmkbmk, bmG bmG bmG bmG. saerTod, lazuri teqste-

bi ar iZleva sakmao masalas bagismieri TanxmovniT dawKebu-

li zmnuri formebis Sesamowmeblad pirvel pirSi, rac da-

matebiT kvleva-Ziebas moiTxovs savele pirobebSi. Tumca zo-

gadi tendencia albaT ∅∅∅∅---- alomorfis maCvenebeli iqneba.

aGsaniSnavia, rom lazuri amJeradac xasiaTdeba sxvaobiT me-

grulTan SedarebiT. labialuri Tanxmovnebis win megrulSi

vvvv---- prefiqsi ixmareba, Tumca SeiZleba metaTezisic, ris Se-

degad sxva alomorfebi daCndeba fuZis SigniT. magaliTad:

vvvv----mumumumuSenq Senq Senq Senq >>>> mu mu mu mu----ffff----SenqSenqSenqSenq `vmuSaob~, vvvv----babababarunq runq runq runq >>>> ba ba ba ba----vvvv----runqrunqrunqrunq `vba-

rav~, vvvv----pupupuputunq tunq tunq tunq >>>> pu pu pu pu----pppp----tunqtunqtunqtunq `vputav~...

metaTezisi damaxasiaTebelia agreTve iiii---- prefiqsian

zmnur formaTaTvis: vvvv----iiii----rduq rduq rduq rduq > > > > iiii----vvvv----rduq rduq rduq rduq > > > > iiii----bbbb----rduq rduq rduq rduq `viz-

rdebi~, vvvv----iiii----ToToToTolunq lunq lunq lunq > > > > iiii----vvvv----ToToToTolunq lunq lunq lunq > > > > iiii----ffff----ToToToTolunqlunqlunqlunq `viTli~

da sxva. specialur literaturaSi aGniSnulia, rom `piris

niSnis gadasmis dros zmnas i- prefiqsis win kvlav daerTvis

pirveli piris formanti da viGebT pirveli piris ormag

niSans: i-s win v-s da mis momdevnod _ b-, f-, p-, m-s: vigu-

ruanq º ibguruanq º vibguruanq... oden v prefiqsiani vari-

anti damaxasiaTebelia senakuri kilokavisTvis, gadasmuli

piris niSnebi da ormagi afiqsacia _ zugdidur-

samurzaKanuli kilokavisTvis~ [JanJGava 2009, 282]. am

ukanasknel mosazrebas ver gaviziarebT, kerZod, samurza-


171

Kanul metKvelebaSi ormagi afiqsacia Cven ver davadas-

tureT. rogorc zemoT vnaxeT, lazurSi pirveli subieqtu-

ri piris niSnis metaTezisi arcerT poziciaSi ar xdeba.

rogorc cnobilia, megrulsa da lazurSi Tanxmovnis

wina poziciaSi pirveli subieqturi piris v v v v- prefiqsi gad-

moicema bbbb----, , , , ffff----, , , , pppp---- alomorfebiT homogenurobis principis

Sesabamisad [gudava, gamKreliZe 2000, 167-171]. ganvixiloT

TiToeuli maTgani lazuri masalis mixedviT:

a) ----C mjGmjGmjGmjG.:.:.:.: am poziciaSi ZiriTadia bbbb---- alomorfi mag.: bZibZibZibZiriririri (jG. 18,29) `vnaxe~, bGubGubGubGuaaaaeaeaeaea (kart. 163, 32) `movkvdebio~, bGubGubGubGururururu((((rrrr)))) (jG. 14,6) `vkvdebi~, ebebebebzdimzdimzdimzdim (kart. 172,17) àviGeb (avzidav)~, bzobzobzobzoponponponpon (KifS. 6,4) `vlaparakob~, gogogogoSabSabSabSabdvia dvia dvia dvia (kart. 167,13) `davdeo SuaSi~, qog�Jebqog�Jebqog�Jebqog�Jebdgidgidgidgi (Ciq. II, 105,31) `davadgi~, bgobgobgobgoraTraTraTraT (KifS. 73,7) `veZeboT~...

bbbb---- alomorfi gamovlindeba fSvinvierTa winac: qo qo qo qomobmobmobmobTi Ti Ti Ti

(KifS. 1. 30) `movedi~, bxaCbxaCbxaCbxaCqaqaqaqaTen Ten Ten Ten (jG. 6,22) `gavToxnoT~, qoqoqoqo----

mebmebmebmebCiCiCiCi (jG. 52,2) `miveci~, qoqoqoqodobdobdobdobsqisqisqisqidiTdiTdiTdiT (KifS. 3,2) `da-

vrCiT~... aseve mosalodnelia mkveTrebis winac: bybybybykkkkoooomamamamarererere

(jG. 39, 30) `vyamo~, ebebebebyoyoyoyofifififi (jG. 43, 33) àviGe, viKide~,

bkibkibkibkiTxaTxaTxaTxarererere (kart. 48, 30) `vkiTxo~.

b) ----C fSfSfSfS.:.:.:.: am poziciaSi dasturdeba f f f f---- alomorfi. mag.: memememefCamfCamfCamfCamti ti ti ti (kart. 170,33) `mivcemdi~, fCfCfCfCvavavavare�are�are�are�a (kart. 170,11) `Sevinaxoo~, elaelaelaelafxerT�afxerT�afxerT�afxerT�a (kart. 177, 13) `(gverdiT) vzivarTo~, ofofofofSvaSvaSvaSvatitititi----aaaa (KifS. 4,7) `davlioTo~, gagagagamafmafmafmafCam Cam Cam Cam (kart. 89,11) `vKidi~, fTxofTxofTxofTxorararararererere (Ciq. II, 103,32) `vTxaro, vxna~, ofofofofSkoSkoSkoSko----miTmiTmiTmiT (Ciq. II, 104,22) `SevyameT~, ggggofofofofTaTaTaTarererere (kart. 91,8) `wavide~, fcafcafcafcadi di di di (kart. 93,28) `Sevxede~, fsqifsqifsqifsqiduTduTduTduT (kart. 26,7) `vcxovrobT~, `vrCebiT~, fcxufcxufcxufcxunumT numT numT numT (kart. 25,33) `vsxlavT~...

ffff---- alomorfi daCndeba mkveTrebTanac: dofdofdofdoftatatataxaT xaT xaT xaT `da-

vtexoT~, q�efq�efq�efq�efyoyoyoyofi fi fi fi (Ciq. 104,24) àviGe, viKide~...

g) ----C mkmkmkmk.: am poziciaSi, rogorc wesi, pppp---- alomorfia gamoKenebuli. mag.: pkopkopkopkorerererecxumT cxumT cxumT cxumT (Ciq. II, 101,23)


172

`viTvliT~, dopdopdopdopkvakvakvakvaTiTiTiTi (Ciq. II, 105,26) `davyeri~, dopdopdopdopkokokokodi di di di (kart. 24,6) àvage~, qepqepqepqepyoyoyoyofi fi fi fi (Ciq. II, 104,6) àviGe~, pypypypyoooofafafafarererere (kart. 95,28) `daviyiro~, pyapyapyapyarumrumrumrum (jG. 39,1) `vwer~, dopdopdopdopwowowowofxi fxi fxi fxi (Ciq. II, 101,24) àvaSene~, pwapwapwapwaTen Ten Ten Ten (Ciq. II, 106,25) `vkri-foT~, dopdopdopdoptatatataxi xi xi xi (Ciq. II, 105,8) `davtexe~, ptkoptkoptkoptkobu bu bu bu (kart. 165,20) `vimalebi~...

arn. Ciqobavas aTinur teqstebSi gamovlinda vvvv---- alomor-

fi Tanxmovnebis win. mag.: vGururT vGururT vGururT vGururT (Ciq. II, 132,31) `vkvde-

biT~, qoqoqoqodovdovdovdovsqusqusqusqudiTdiTdiTdiT (Ciq. II, 133,7) `davrCiT~, memememendavndavndavndavTaTTaTTaTTaT

(Ciq. II, 133,8) `wavideT~, qoqoqoqomemememe��ovovovovTaTaTaTa (Ciq. II, 133,31) `mivi-

de~... es ukanaskneli zmnuri fuZe [[[[rrrr]]]]T T T T `svla~ KuradGebas

iqcevs imiT, rom mxolod masTan dasturdeba φφφφ---- alomorfi,

romelic ffff---- alomorfis monacvlea Turqulis gavleniT:

momomomoφφφφTiTiTiTi (Ciq. II, 103,19) `movedi~, memememeφφφφTaTaTaTarererere (Ciq. II, 103,5) `mivi-de~, memememeSkaSkaSkaSkaφφφφTaTaTaTa (Ciq. II, 134,13) `gavide, gaverio~ da a. S. amave dros es erTaderTi fuZea, romelTanac davadastureT Kve-

la alomorfi: qoqoqoqomobmobmobmobTiTiTiTi, , , , gofgofgofgofTaTaTaTarererere, , , , memememendavndavndavndavTaTTaTTaTTaT, , , , momomomoφφφφTiTiTiTi. am

TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa yof yof yof yof da sqidsqidsqidsqid fuZeebic, romleb-

Tanac aseve (zogJer erTsa da imave striqonSi) gvxvdeba

sxvadasxva alomorfi (ix. zemoT).

amrigad, Tanxmovniswina poziciaSi bbbb---- alomorfi SeiZle-

ba ganzogaddes ganurCevlad Tanxmovnis ragvarobisa. ffff----

alomorfi mosalodnelia mkveTrebTanac. faqtobrivad bbbb---- da

ffff---- alomorfebi morfemaTa zGvarze warmoqmnian lazuris-

Tvis arakanonikurad miCneul orwevra da samwevra Tanxmo-

vanTkompleqsebs, Tumca es ar uSlis xels am formaTa arse-

bobas. msgavsi viTarebaa megrulSic, sadac Kvela poziciaSi

SeiZleba ganzogaddes bbbb---- da vvvv---- alomorfi. es ukanaskneli

ufro aqtiuria senakur-martvilur dialeqtSi iseve, ro-

gorc lazuris aTinur kilokavSi.

lazuris erT Taviseburebaze Jer kidev n. mari miuTi-

Tebda: n n n n sonoriT dawKebuli fuZeebi I pirSi nnnn-s Caanacvle-


173

ben m m m m bagismieriT (nkal nkal nkal nkal _ _ _ _ gogogogo----mkamkamkamkalumlumlumlum `vSli~) [mari 1910,

45]. arn. Ciqobavam am mmmm----s pirveli subieqturi piris niSnis

kvalifikacia misca: `gogogogo----mmmm----wkum wkum wkum wkum `gavxsni~: gogogogo----nnnn----wkiwkiwkiwkimu mu mu mu _ nnnn

ikargeba, samagierod piris niSnad bagismieri nazali gvrCeba

((((mmmm))))~ (Ciqobava, 1936, 88). Cvenc viziarebT am mosazrebas da

warmovadgenT masalas, romelSic zmnuri formebi masdaris

warmoebisas n n n n sonors dairTaven:

oooo----nTxornTxornTxornTxor----uuuu: †ideluGi mTxomTxomTxomTxorarararare re re re (Ciq. II, 106,8)

`saTburi davxna~;

oooo----ndGvarndGvarndGvarndGvar----uuuu: xeTe qoqoqoqokomkomkomkomdGvadGvadGvadGvari ri ri ri leta (Ciq. II, 104,4)

`xeliT avzile talaxi~;

oooo----nyvarnyvarnyvarnyvar----uuuu: †ideluGi do�yiTe myvamyvamyvamyvarererere, , , , mTxomTxomTxomTxorararararererere (Ciq.

II, 106,9) `saTburi... gavwmindo, davxna~;

oooo----nconnconnconncon----uuuu: okaCxe domdomdomdomcocococoni ni ni ni lemSiTe (Ciq. II, 105,9)

`mere davCxvlite nemsiT~;

oooo----ngarngarngarngar----uuuu: muyo va imimimimgaa�agaa�agaa�agaa�a (!) (kart. 132,20) `rogor

ar vitiroo~;

oooo----nnnn----TxorTxorTxorTxor----uuuu: ma bozo-sqanis xe va mmmmeeeemTxia mTxia mTxia mTxia (kart.

159,10) `me Sens qaliSvils xeli ar vaxleo~.

pirveli subieqturi piris vvvv---- prefiqsis alomorfebi

lazurSi sqematurad ase SeiZleba warmovadginoT:

----V V V V :::: vvvv----, , , , bbbb----

VVVV----V V V V :::: vvvv----, , , , bbbb----, , , , ∅∅∅∅---- ----C mjGmjGmjGmjG. :. :. :. : bbbb---- ----CfSfSfSfS. :. :. :. : ffff----, , , , bbbb----, , , , φφφφ----, , , , vvvv---- ----C mkmkmkmk. :. :. :. : pppp----

---- b b b b, , , , ffff, , , , pppp, , , , m m m m :::: ∅∅∅∅----, , , , bbbb---- ----n n n n :::: mmmm----

alomorfTa ganawileba xmovniswina poziciaSi dialeq-

tebis mixedviT xdeba, xolo Tanxmovniswina poziciaSi alo-


174

morfebi erTnairi principiT nawildeba lazuris Kvela ki-

lokavSi.

$$$$3333. . . . SSSS3333-is suis suis suis sufiqsfiqsfiqsfiqsTa aloTa aloTa aloTa alomormormormorfefefefebi bi bi bi memememegrulgrulgrulgrul----lalalalazurzurzurzurSiSiSiSi

cnobilia, rom megrulSi S3-is niSnebi morfologiuri

principiT nawildeba, Tumca isini gvaZleven fonologiurad

Sepirobebul alomorfebs, rac kilokavuri gansxvavebis maC-

venebelicaa [KifSiZe 1994]. kerZod, zugdidur-samur-

zaKanoul metKvelebaSi morfofonematuri cvlilebebis

tendencia ufro Zlieria, vidre senakurSi. amas adasturebs

S3-is niSnebze dakvirveba rogorc gamocemuli teqstebis,

aseve cocxali metKvelebis mixedviT [ezugbaia, 2003].

/-s/ alomorfi KovelTvis gvaqvs kavSirebiTis formebSi,

rasac kavSirebiTi kilos aaaa-s momdevno pozicia ganapirobebs:

dodododoyayayayarundrundrundrund----aaaa----ssss `dawerdes~, yaryaryaryar----aaaa----ssss `weros~, titititibudbudbudbud----aaaa----ssss `Tbe-

bodes~, gogogogotibtibtibtib----aaaa----ssss `gaTbes~... /-s/ alomorfi daCndeba garda-

mavali zmnis, aseve statikuri zmnebis awmKo-mKofadSic,

Tumca ZiriTadad /-c/ sufiqsi gvxvdeba. aGsaniSnavia, rom es

alomorfebi erTsa da imave poziciaSi iCenen Tavs.

a) fufufufuZe Ze Ze Ze + + + + ----s s s s ////----cccc : Jas Tofuri gilgilgilgilˆmamamamawenswenswenswens (qxs, II, 324,

24) `xidan Tafli wveTavs~; mu gagagagaaaaaCeCeCeCerensrensrensrens masumas (qxs, II,

328, 24) `ra SeaCerebs mesames~; CeTˆ didididicxurcxurcxurcxurcxicxicxicxinunununuancancancanc (sam.

85, 12) `TeTrad mcxunvarebs~, duc(u) TiSeni gogogogouuuululululuancancancanc

(sam. 85, 16) `Tavs imitom anacvalebs~...

b) fufufufuZe Ze Ze Ze + + + + ----s s s s ////----c c c c + + + + uuuu////ˆ////iiii mavrcobi : iri dGa do iri se-

ri va lurlurlurlurcucucucu (sam. 11, 5-17) `Koveli dGe da Koveli Game

ar sZinavs~... munero memememeurururursisisisi (qxs, II, 302, 27) `rogor midis~;

gvalo mimimimigogogogodidididinunununuanananancicicici (sam. 38, 19) `mTlad dagGupavs~;

qˆmonwKunsˆqˆmonwKunsˆqˆmonwKunsˆqˆmonwKunsˆ Te tKasˆ (Kif. 26, 1) `moamtvrevs am tKes~;

wKarc gegegegecencˆcencˆcencˆcencˆ Cqimi dardi (sam. 28, 19-16) `wKals acviva Ce-

mi dardi~...


175

g) fufufufuZeZeZeZe+ + + + ----ssss////----cccc/ + / + / + / + ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ / / / / uuuu++++nininini kavSiri : miT vaSvaSvaSvaSrorororomensˆnmensˆnmensˆnmensˆn,

iS oykomali vamiGˆ (yif. 316, 1) `vinc ar Sromobs, imis sa-

ymeli ar maqvs~; muyo miKviKvimiKviKvimiKviKvimiKviKvinancˆninancˆninancˆninancˆni (sam. 30, 15) `rogor

gaKuCebuli sacodavad miKurebs~; mumuli arTis qo‡ienqo‡ienqo‡ienqo‡iensusususunininini

(qxs, II, 328, 11) `mamali erTs rom iKivlebs~... aTeSeni re

boSkoCi ykuas gigigiginosnosnosnosxaxaxaxapunpunpunpuncucucucunininini (sam. 29, 19-16) `amitomaa ya-

buki ykuidan rom gadadis~.

d) fufufufuZe Ze Ze Ze + + + + ----s s s s / / / / c c c c + + + + iaiaiaia////ieieieie nawilaki : sofels cxovcxovcxovcxovrenrenrenrensiasiasiasia

makiTxe (qxs, II, 328. 1) `sofelSi cxovrobso mkiTxavi~; ir-

kos lurlurlurlursiasiasiasia (qxs, II, 328, 13) `Kvelas sZinavso~; mu ososososqiqiqiqilililili----

dudududuananananciecieciecie ndemiSi mordils (KifS. 36, 23) `ra moarCenso de-

vis gazrdils~...

senakurSi Kvela zemoT warmodgenil poziciaSi, garda

im SemTxvevebisa, roca ˆ mavrcobi mosdevs piris niSans, das-

turdeba mxolod /-s/ alomorfi. specialur literaturaSi

aGniSnulia, rom s → c damaxasiaTebelia zugdidur-samur-

zaKanulisTvis saxelebSic. micemiTi brunvis niSani warmo-

dgenilia

/-s/ da /-c/ alomorfebiT [KifSiZe 1994, 75-76; JanJGava 1999,

]. megrulSi gardamavali zmnis awmKo-mKofadis fuZeebi ----anananan, , , ,

----enenenen, , , , ----unununun, , , , ----ˆnˆnˆnˆn Tematur niSnebs dairTavs da, Sesabamisad, III

pirSi fuZis bolos gvaqvs nsnsnsns TanxmovanTmimdevroba, rac bu-

nebrivia megrulisTvis. aGsaniSnavia, rom gardauvali zmne-

bis im fuZeebTan, romlebic bolovdeba r r r r sonorze, gvxvdeba

/-c/ alomorfi /-s/ sufiqsis paralelurad. magaliTad, qiqiqiqimumumumu----

ururururcucucucu `midis~, lurlurlurlurcucucucu `sZinavs~, vamyKorcvamyKorcvamyKorcvamyKorc `ar miwKreba~,

gi‡orcˆgi‡orcˆgi‡orcˆgi‡orcˆ `giKvars~, wawawawaururururcucucucunininini `rom waxdeba~... vfiqrobT,

rom n da r sonantTa momdevnod /-c/ alomorfis gaCena is

fonologiuri procesia, romelic sustadaa gamoxatuli i.

KifSiZis teqstebSi, is ufro ikveTeba t. gudavas mier gamo-

qveKnebul megruli poeziis nimuSebSi da aSkarad domini-

rebs k. samuSias mier Caweril masalaSi. bolo aswleulis


176

manZilze, rogorc Cans, /-c/ alomorfis xmarebis sixSire iz-

rdeba zugdidur-samurzaKanul kilokavSi. saerTod, es uka-

naskneli gamoirCeva morfemaTa zGvarze mimdinare foneti-

kuri procesebiT, rac TvalSisacemia S3-is /-c/ sufiqsis Se-

mTxvevaSic.

lazurSic -s sufiqsi gamoiKeneba gardamavali da garda-

uvali zmnebis awmKosa da kavSirebiTSi. masalaze dakvirvebam

gviCvena, rom kilokavuri sxvaoba aqac iCens Tavs. aTinurSi

s > � gardaqmna xdeba awmKos formebSi. kerZod, Tematuri

niSnis -am, -em, -um, -om momdevnod warmoiqmneba -ms Tanxmo-

vanTmimdevroba, rac ar warmoadgens dabrkolebas -s morfe-

mis funqcionirebisaTvis. Tumca, rogorc Cans, xdeba am kom-

pleqsis daSla, anu ikargeba m Tanxmovani elementi da Tema-

turi niSnis xmovnis gverdiT aGmoCndeba piris niSani, rom-

lis iotizacia xdeba. magaliTebi:

cxeni xirxirxirxirxixixixinamsnamsnamsnams º xirxirxirxirxixixixina�na�na�na� `cxeni xvixvinebs~, fuJi

mGora�mGora�mGora�mGora� (º mGoramsmGoramsmGoramsmGorams) `furi bGavis~, Suroni pepepepetetetetelalalala� (º pe pe pe pe----

tetetetelamslamslamslams) `Txa petelaobs~, layi lalalalalo�lo�lo�lo� (º lalalalalomslomslomsloms) `lekvi

Kefs~, katu kria�kria�kria�kria� (º krikrikrikriamsamsamsams) `kata kivis~ (Ciq. II, 114-26-29).

arn. Ciqobavas frCxilebSi mouTavsebia paraleluri

formebi, Tumca sxva SemTxvevaSi amgvar paralelebs ar iZ-

leva: qorme maqvali dosdosdosdosqu�qu�qu�qu� (Ciq. II, 115-2) `... kvercxs

debs~, hu� myima myi�myi�myi�myi� (myi�-Ti iTqven, myims-Ti iTqven) (Ciq.

II, 115-3-4) àse (`wvima~) wvims (myi�-ic iTqmeba da myims-ic

iTqmis)... himu diSqa kvakvakvakvaTu�Tu�Tu�Tu� (Ciq. 115, 11) ìs SeSas Cexs~,

oxorJa bere owe�owe�owe�owe� (Ciq. II, 115-20) `rZali bavSvs arwevs~...

Cili muSi ibibibibga�ga�ga�ga� (Ciq. II, 116-22) `misi coli tiris~...

aGsaniSnavia, rom -� alomorfi SeiZleba daCndes kavSi-

rebiTis formebSi, sadac -s morfema KovelTvis erTvis

mwkrivis niSans _ a xmovans, xolo xmovnis momdevnod, anu

auslautis poziciaSi xSirad warmoiqmneba difTongebi. ro-

gorc n. quTelia SeniSnavs, àuslautis iotizaciis tenden-


177

cia gansakuTrebiT iCens Tavs aTinur kilokavSi da umete-

sad zmnebSi xorcieldeba~ [quTelia 2005, 26-27]. kavSirebi-

Tis formebia: huCumeTiSa memememendindindindioooona�na�na�na�! (Ciq. II, 117, 9) ùku-

neTSi waiKvanos!~ guri va momomomogagagagala�la�la�la�----nananana, gverdi megSare (Ciq.

11, 126, 10) `guli rom ar mogivides, naxevars mogcem~...

mravlobiTis -eseseses sufiqsis alomorfebze msJelobisas aGvniS-

neT kidec aTinurisa da kaxurisaTvis saerTo movlena ssss

bgeris iotizaciisa, maT Soris zemoT aGniSnul SemTxveveb-

Sic. saerTodac, aTinuri kilos Taviseburebebi aGZravs

qarTuli enis aGmosavlur dialeqtebTan SedarebiTi mor-

fonologiuri analizis sakiTxebs.

aGmoCnda, rom kavSirebiTis formebSi /-s/ da /-�/ alo-

morfebis gverdiT /-∅∅∅∅/ nulovani markeric mosalodnlia -

Skule nawilakis darTvisas. mravlobiTis -es niSnis anali-

zisas araerTi SemTxveva davafiqsireT -Si, -Skule nawilake-

bis win s elementis dakargvisa. analogiuri procesi xdeba

S3-is sufiqsis SemTxvevaSi, Tumca es ar niSnavs, rom Kovel-

Tvis ikargeba. magaliTisTvis moviKvanT erT amonarids, sa-

dac erTdroulad ixmareba da ikargeba kidec S3- piris -s

niSani:

nokaCxule geggeggeggegCaCaCaCa----SSSS----kukukukulelelele nocincxale dibGasen... maxva memememe----

squsqusqusqurrrrasasasas----SSSS----kukukukulelelele, noSqeri diven. maxva diydiydiydiykakakaka----SSSS----kukukukulelelele _ nom-

Cqa. nomCqa dibGadibGadibGadibGa----SSSS----kukukukulelelele, tuta diven (Ciq. II, 73, 25-27).

`fiCxebi rom dainTos Semdeg nakvercxali gaCndes. nakver-

cxali rom Caqres, Semdeg naxSirad iqces. namwvi rom dai-

ferfleba _ Semdeg nacari. nacari rom daifSvnas _ nacar-

tutad iqces~.

amdenad, aTinurSi S3-is s sufiqsis alomorfebia: /-ssss/, /----��/,

/-∅∅∅∅/.

megrulSi mesame piris formebSi, i. KifSiZis teqstebis

mixedviT, /-ˆ/ alomorfis xmarebis sixSire TiTqmis 3-Jer

aGemateba /-u/-s sixSires. g. rogavam aGniSna, rom megrulSi


178

u → ˆ monacvleoba damaxasiaTebelia Gia bolo marcvalSi

rogorc saxelebSi, aseve zmnebSi: kˆdˆkˆdˆkˆdˆkˆdˆ < kikikikidudududu, dodododoyarˆyarˆyarˆyarˆ <

dodododoyayayayarurururu... amasTanave miuTiTa, rom zmnis III subieqturi pi-

ris niSani -u è º Š da ‹ aoristiseuli sufiqsis mqone

zmnebTan ar gadadis ˆ-Si aralabialuri Tanxmovnebis me-

zobladac, ramdenadac -u piris niSanTan SerwKmuli Cans

zmnuri Tematuri niSani -ev. magaliTad, ogur-u < o-gur-u-

u < o-gur-o-u < *o-gur-ev-u~ [rogava 1962]. amgvari

SezGudva u → ˆ procesisa, marTlac, bunebrivi Cans im

formebSi, sadac dasturdeba poziciurad grZeli uuuu. maga-

liTad: aTe ambe irifeli ququququuuuuwuuwuuwuuwuu Goroncˆ (Kif. 290, 18)

ès ambavi Kvelaferi uTxra GmerTs~; TquuTquuTquuTquu majiraq (Kif.

294, 16) `Tqva meorem~; i‡uui‡uui‡uui‡uu xarebaq (Kif. 299, 14) ìqna

mxiaruleba~; keti qaqaqaqaleleleleeeeebibibibiJuuJuuJuuJuu (Kif. 305, 26) `Joxi moimar-

Jva iGliaSi~; qoCoraq arTi qaqaqaqadidididiiiiisosososofuufuufuufuu do yKoricalo

Suri gogogogotuutuutuutuu (Kif. 306, 32-33) `qoCoram erTi gaibrZola da

mwKeriviT suli ganuteva~...

Cveni dakvirvebiT, Tanamedrove etapze zugdidur-samur-

zaKanoulSi /-u/ da /-ˆ/ alomorfTa gverdiT relevanturia

/∅/ alomorfic. amas mxars uyers teqstebidan moZiebuli

masalac da Cven mier Cawerili samurzaKanuli metKvelebis

nimuSebi. qvemoT warmovadgenT uwKveteli da wKvetili

mwkrivis formebiT rogorc gardamavali, aseve gardauvali

zmnebis magaliTebs:

uwKveuwKveuwKveuwKvetetetetelililili _ muyomi ubedurebas ginginginginmiGandmiGandmiGandmiGand samargalo

(sam. 102, 431) `rogori ubedureba gadahqonda samegrelos~;

sqverefi ducu inwKundinwKundinwKundinwKund (sam. 116, 9) `Svlebi Tavs hKofda

[wKalSi]~; GumaninJi zGvas aSard gvalo breli xvamardefi!

(sam. 97, 216) `wuxel zGvaSi idga Zalian bevri xomaldi~; va-

daxunuu, miTi gerd (sam. 99, 292) àr dasva, vinc idga~; Tur-

qi abragi munoxed (sam. 102, 433) `Turqi-avazaki aJda Tavze~;

goyKordesˆni miCqˆd... (sam. 119, 3) `megona gawKdnen... ~


179

wKvewKvewKvewKvetitititilililili _ Te dros yiSkarc qˆmadˆrTqˆmadˆrTqˆmadˆrTqˆmadˆrT cxenam kaTaq

gvalo brelq (sam. 95, 153) àm dros yiSkars moadga Zalian

bevri cxenosani~; aGmaskomq Ti krebasˆ gagˆnZorgagˆnZorgagˆnZorgagˆnZor saCiari

(sam. 90,65-71) àGmaskomma im krebaze daagrZela saCivari~;

ukuli mimimimipeJpeJpeJpeJ ‡udeSa do... (sam. 94, 95-96) `mere miiwvia sa-

xlSi da... ~ kiTxkiTxkiTxkiTx _ so re Ti kaTefi (sam. 98, 267) `hkiTxa

_ sad aris is xalxi~; marGaniaq qeqeqeqewawawawazzzzaaaadddd (sam. 95, 161)

`marGania miegeba~; ... uGalatuGalatuGalatuGalat meryuleq (sam. 94, 113)

ùGalata meryulem~; didxanc qasqˆdqasqˆdqasqˆdqasqˆd mexundeq (sam. 95, 160)

`didxans SerCa mexunde~; irulirulirulirul Te vezirqiT (qxs, II, 328,

22) `gaiqca es veziric~; TaSi dedededemarcxmarcxmarcxmarcx omar-faSaq (sam. 103,

473) àse damarcxda omar-faSa~...

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom /∅/ alomorfi daCndeba im formeb-

Tan, sadac /-u/-s Tavisuflad enacvleba /-ˆ/. aseTi ki aris iiii

sufiqsiani wKvetili da uwKveteli. cnobilia, rom megrul-

Si S2-is niSani /∅/ nulovani alomorfiTaa warmodgenili,

amitom Cndeba kiTxva, xom ar xdeba S2 da S3-is formaTa da-

mTxveva? formaTa garCeva SesaZlebelia, radganac II pirSi

KovelTvis iqneba mwkrivis niSani iiii/ˆ, gansxvavebiT III pirisa-

gan. paradigma aseT saxes miiGebs:

uwKveuwKveuwKveuwKvetetetetelllliiii: b-yarun-d-i `vwerdi~

∅-yarun-d-i `werdi~

yarun-d-u / yarun-d-ˆ / yarun-d-∅ `werda~

wKvewKvewKvewKvetitititilililili: do-b-yar-i `davwere~

do-∅-yar-i `dawera~

do-yar-u / do-yar-ˆ / do-yar-∅ `dawer

zugdidur-samurzaKanoulSi S3-is /u/ sufiqsis /ˆ/-Si

gadasvla, xolo Semdeg dakargva gamoZaxilia im tendenciisa,

rac damaxasiaTebelia qarTveluri enebisaTvis. magaliTad,

aGmosavleT saqarTvelos mTis dialeqtebSic piris niSani

/aaaa/ pauzis wina poziciaSi, rogorc wesi, ikargeba: hqond-a

→ xqond, daiSal-a → daiSal... [JorbenaZe, 1998, 636].


180

lazurSi -u sufiqsi KovelTvis dasturdeba imave mwkri-

vebSi, Kvela tipis zmnaSi. rame gamonaklisi am etapze ver ga-

movavlineT.

megrulis orive kilokavis normad iqca S3-is /-n/ sufiq-

sis dakargva. ZiriTadad nulovani alomorfiTaa markirebu-

li vnebiTi gvaris zmnebi III pirSi: oreoreoreore-∅ àris~, xexexexe-∅

`zis~, titititibubububu-∅ `Tbeba~... /-n/ alomorfi Tavs iCens intervo-

kalur poziciaSi _ sxvaTa sitKvis -iaiaiaia an kiTxviTi nawila-

kis -oooo-s darTvisas: oreoreoreore-nnnn----ia ia ia ia àriso~, oreoreoreore----nnnn----oooo àris?~ titititibubububu----

nnnn----iaiaiaia `Tbebao~, titititibubububu----nnnn----oooo `Tbeba?~ SevniSnavT, rom e. w. in-

versiul zmnebSi /-n/ sufiqsTan erTad SeiZleba daikargos

vnebiTis -u mawarmoebeli. magaliTad, osaosaosaosayiryiryiryir (sam. 99, 317)

Sdr.: osayir-u-n-o `syirdeba~.

lazurSi, megrulisgan gansxvavebiT, -nnnn sufiqsi KovelTvis

gamoiKeneba vnebiTi gvaris, potencialis awmKos formebSi. ara-

nairi SezGudva ar SeimCneva. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom nnnn sufiqsi

dGemde stabiluria lazurSi, rasac ver vitKviT megrulze.

amrigad, megrulSi, zugdidur-samurzaKanulis viTarebis

gaTvaliswinebiT, S3-is sufiqsebi morfofonematuri garda-

qmnebis Sedegad warmodgenilia Semdegi alomorfebiT:

{s} : /-s/, /-c/ {u} : /-u/, /-ˆ/, /-∅/

{n} : /-n/, /-∅/

rac Seexeba lazurs, aTinuris monacemebis gaTvaliswi-

nebiT alomorfebi ase ganawildeba:

{s} : /-s/, /-�/, /-∅/, {u}, {n}.


181

IIIIIIII Tavi Tavi Tavi Tavi

obiobiobiobieqeqeqeqtur ptur ptur ptur piriririrTa niSTa niSTa niSTa niSnenenenebi mebi mebi mebi megrulgrulgrulgrul----lalalalazurzurzurzurSiSiSiSi

megrul-lazurSi obieqtur pirTa niSnebi ZiriTadad

warmodgenilia mmmm- da gggg- prefiqsebiT I-II pirSi, xolo III piri

aramarkirebulia. megrulSi es prefiqsebi morfonologiuri

gardaqmnebis Sedegad gvaZlevs alomorfebs, romelTa pozi-

ciuri ganawileba gamowvlilviT aris Seswavlili specia-

lur literaturaSi [gudava, gamKreliZe 1981]. amJerad Ku-

radGebas gavamaxvilebT lazurze. miCneulia, rom lazuri

ZiriTadad misdevs megruls, Tumca sxvaoba mainc TvalSi sa-

cemia _ obieqtur pirTa niSnebi TiTqmis àr emorCileba~

morfonologiur kanonzomierebebs.

rogorc masalidan Cans, lazurSi mmmm- ucvleladaa warmo-

dgenili rogorc xmovniswina, aseve Tanxmovniswina poziciaSi.

magaliTad:

-V: mimimimibabababaGuGuGuGunannannannan `gveKofa~, mememememokmokmokmokvavavavaTaTaTaTanoenoenoenoe `momkveTon~, qoqoqoqo----

ddddoooomomomomoguguguguriririri `maswavle~.

-Cmj.: mJomJomJomJoxonsxonsxonsxons `meZaxis, mqvia~, domdomdomdombabababaxesxesxesxes `mcemes~.

-CfSv.: momomomomCiTmCiTmCiTmCiT `momeciT~, mCumCumCumCume�ame�ame�ame�a, `damifareo, dammaleo~.

-Cmkv.: omomomomyoyoyoyofesfesfesfes `damiyires, amiKvanes~, mkimkimkimkiTxumTxumTxumTxum `mekiTxebi~.

mmmm- prefiqsis poziciebi mKaria da am mxriv lazuris ki-

lokavuri monacemebi erTmaneTs emTxveva.

megrulSi mmmm- Tanxmovniswina poziciaSi aucileblad gvaZ-

levs alomorfebs, romelTa ragvaroba fuZiseuli Tanxmovnis

ragvarobazea damokidebuli, Sesabamisad gvaqvs {m-}: /m-/, /b-/,

/f-/, /p-/.

gggg- prefiqsic ZirTadad ucvleladaa warmodgenili la-

zuris Kvela kilokavSi. is gvaqvs xmovniswina, gansakuTre-

biT, intervokalur poziciaSi maSinac, roca megrulSi VVVV-gggg-iiii

mimdevrobisas g- prefiqsi ikargeba: meg. momomomo-iGuiGuiGuiGu < momomomo-gggg-iGuiGuiGuiGu


182

`mogaqvs~, Sdr. laz. gogogogoSoSoSoSo-gggg-iGaeiGaeiGaeiGae àmogitan~. am movlenas me-

grulSi aseTi axsna aqvs: `V-g-i poziciaSi O2-is niSnis g-s

gadasvla ∅-Si qmnis xmovanTmimdevrobebs, romlebic unda

gardaqmniliKo megrulSi moqmedi xmovanTkontraqciis wese-

bis mixedviT. am SemTxvevaSi amgvar gardaqmnebs ara aqvs ad-

gili da xmovanTmimdevroba SenarCunebulia pirvandeli sa-

xiT, ramdenadac xmovanTa Soris aseT formebSi ivaraudeba

piris nulovani niSani, romlis paralelurad KovelTvis

dasturdeba igive piris niSani -g-s saxiT. amgvarad, arakon-

trapirebuli xmovanTmimdevroba am formebSi erTgvari sig-

nalia niSnis nulovani saxiT funqconirebisa: Sdr. va-g-iGu

→ vaiGu (e. i. va-∅-iGu) àra aqvs~, magram va iGu → veGu <

va-iGu àr waiGo~ [gudava, gamKreliZe 2000, 176].

lazurSi Tanxmovniswina poziciaSic ZiriTadi niSania gggg-

, gansxvavebiT megrulisgan, sadac r alomorfi enacvleba

[gudava, gamKreliZe, 2000]:

-Cmj.: gZigZigZigZiraTraTraTraT `gnaxoT~, dogdogdogdoggogogogorararara `mogZebno~, gJogJogJogJoxonsxonsxonsxons `ge-

Zaxis, gqvia~.

-CfSv.: memememegCagCagCagCarererere `mogce~, gcagcagcagcadadadadarererere, `Segxedo, Segafaso~

-Cmkv.: gykogykogykogykomaTmaTmaTmaT `SegyamoT~, qegqegqegqegyoyoyoyofufufufu `dagiyira, agiKvana~,

momomomogwogwogwogwonananananininini `mogwonT~.

amave dros SeiniSneba tendencia morfonologiuri

gardaqmnebisa fSvinvier da mkveTr TanxmovanTa wina pozicia-

Si. arn. Ciqobava miuTiTebda mxolod erT zmnur fuZeze: me-q-

Ca < me-g-Ca `mogce~ [Ciqobava 1936, 92]. amas KuradGeba miaqcia

g. kartoziam mis mier mopovebul masalaSic [kartozia, 2005,

49-55], Tumca s. jGentis arqabul teqstebSic TvalSisacemia

msgavsi movlena.

Cveni dakvirvebiT, gggg-s alomorfebi ZiriTadad Tavs iCens

arqabul metKvelebaSi, iSviaTad _ xofurSi, TiTqmis ara _

aTinurSi.

/qqqq-/ alomorfi, pirvel rigSi, fSvinvier TanxmovnebTan


183

dasturdeba. magaliTad: ma si qoqoqoqomeqmeqmeqmeqcacacacadidididi: forCa gamaqTeri

dologoquns (jG. 28, 17) `me Sen daginaxe: perangi `gamo-

cvlili~ gacvia~; sqani moxTimafaSa Cqin aq qCuqCuqCuqCumeTmeTmeTmeT (kart.

61, 6) `Sens mosvlamde Cven aq dagewieT (`dagaswariT~); maq-

vali gegitaGanaz-�a do, xu{r}a dogibona-Si-a, maqvali qoqqoqqoqqoq----

CazCazCazCaz----�a�a�a�a (jG. 60, 30) `kvercxi mogitanoso, xeli dagbanoso da

kvercxi gayamoso~; si ordo moxTi-na, si mCvi, ma ordo mo-

fTi-na, ma qCvaqCvaqCvaqCvarererere (jG. 87, 6) `Sen Tu moxval adre, me Semi-

naxe, me Tu moval adre, me Seginaxav~; nana-sqaniq g�ai mu

qCapqCapqCapqCaptu�atu�atu�atu�a? (kart. 58, 31) `dedaSenma ra saymeli gayamaTo~;

man xoj geqgeqgeqgeqCiCiCiCinadnadnadnadveveveveeeeetitititi, nekna miTis va gunwkama... nekna moT

gonwki? (kart. 45, 36) `me rom gibarebdi, kari aravis

gauGoo, ratom gaaGe?~ qSunqSunqSunqSunsisisisi, eC wanaS woxle emri meCi-qi

(kart. 49, 28) `gaxsovs, oci wlis win rom mieci~...

Segvxvda erTi forma, romelSic /q-/ metaTezisis Sede-

gad aris miGebuli: kikikiki-qqqq-TxaTxaTxaTxaTenTenTenTen < gggg-kikikikiTTTTxaxaxaxaTenTenTenTen (jG. 39, 1)

`gkiTxoT~.

moulodneli iKo /qqqq-/ alomorfis gaCena mkveTri Tanxmov-

nis win: memememe-qqqq-yiyiyiyiSasSasSasSasSiSiSiSi (jG. 38, 5) `rom dagewios~, eeee-qqqq-yoyoyoyofumsfumsfumsfums

(jG. 22, 2) àgiKvans, dagiyers~.

/kkkk-/ alomorfi warmodgenilia mkveTrebis win: si kila-

nen-�a, si kwakwakwakwamamamamanennennennen----�a�a�a�a (kart. 99, 16) `Sen mogklaveno, Sen ga-

wamebeno~; si miTiq va �ek�ek�ek�ekyoyoyoyoffffuuuu (kart. 214, 17) `Sen vervin

ver agwia, agiKvana~; igzalia, masuma mulun, okokokokykoykoykoykomamamamasen�asen�asen�asen�a

(kart. 165, 29) wadio, Torem mesame rom mova, Segyamso~;

kui ginTxores neknas Tudele, dodododolokloklokloktkotkotkotkoCaCaCaCannnnoeoeoeoe do gogon-

dinanoe~ (kart. 156, 1) òrmo gagiTxares karebs qveS, rom

gesrolon da gagaqron~; man si fadiSai dokdokdokdokwiwiwiwifxiafxiafxiafxia (kart.

73, 10) `me Sen xelmwifed gaqcieo `gagxade~; sin mu ga-

Godu... xe-kuCxe var kwkufskwkufskwkufskwkufs (kart. 74, 23-24) `Sen ra dage-

marTa, xel-fexs rom ver Sli `xsni~...

sainteresoa, rom KKKK Tanxmovnis wina poziciaSi xdeba ara


184

marto obieqtis niSnis gamkveTreba, aramed K-s asimilacia

da Semdeg identuri Tanxmovnebis SerwKma:

g- + K > gK º kK : gKorof (Ciq. II, 146, 8), k-KoofT

(kart. 16, 28) `gKvarob(T)~

gK > kK > kk º k: k-korom (kart. 259, 24) `gKvarob~,

k-oropti (iqve) `gKvarobdi~

do-k-kilomT�a (kart. 171, 19) `dagxocavTo~

k-iliT�a (Ciq. II, 178, 15) `mogkaliTo~

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom {g-} morfema lazurSi gvaZlevs /q-/

da /k-/ alomorfebsac, romlebic megrulSic SeiniSneba, Tumca

sxvaoba mainc aris: am ukanasknelSi -rC mimdevrobis win xdeba

amgvari gardaqmnebi, mag., g-rTuns º q-rTuns `gKofs, gadagxu-

ravs~, g-ryipuns º k-ryipuns `gyimavs, gwelavs~.

`rodesac zmnis fuZis Tavkidur r-s mosdevs Tanxmovani

(an TanxmovanTa kompleqsi), maSin g- morfema mjGeroba-

siKrue-simkveTris mxriv SeiZleba Seeguos fuZiseuli Tavki-

dura r-s momdevno Tanxmovans (asimilaciis gziT), e. i. g-s

nacvlad homogenurobis principis dacviT SeiZleba gvqon-

des q da k~ [gudava gamKreliZe 2000, 175 [1981]].

amrigad, morfemaTa zGvarze ganxorcielebuli cvlilebe-

bis mixedviT arsebiTi sxvaoba megrulsa da lazurs Soris rC

TanxmovanTmimdevrobaa, rac t. gudavas azriT, megruli inova-

ciaa, xolo lazurSi amosavali viTareba daculia. TavisTavad,

es inovacia aixsneba arakanonikuri kompleqsis kanonikuri kom-

pleqsiT SecvliT [iqve 2000, 176 [1981]].

sqematurad obieqturi piris niSnebi da maTi alomor-

febi Semdegnairad SeiZleba warmovadginoT:

O1-is alomorfTa tabula:

pozicia prefiqsi

-V V-V -CmjG. -CfSv. -Cmkv. -Cnapr.

megruli m- m- m- b- f- p- m-

lazuri m- m- m- m- m- m- m-


185

O2-is alomorfTa tabula:

pozicia

prefiqsi -V V-V -CmjG. -CfSv. -Cmkv. -K

megr. g- g- g-º-∅- r(g-º-∅-) r-(q-) r-(k-) r-

laz. g- g- g- g- g-º-q- g-ºk-ºq- k-

subieqturi piris niSnisgan gansxvavebiT, obieqturi pi-

ris niSnebi lazurSi ufro mdgradia da naklebad eqvemde-

bareba morfemaTa zGarze mosalodnel fonetikur garda-

qmnebs. Tumca cvlilebaTa tendencia orivegan Sepirobebu-

lia megrul-lazuris fonotaqtikis wesebiT, romlebic za-

nuris wiaGSia warmoqmnili. am cvlilebaTa Sedegi umetes-

wilad fonologizebulia [quTelia 2005, 332], rac gvaZ-

levs safuZvels visaubroT piris morfemaTa alomorfebze.

rac Seexeba O3 piris markerebs, sinqroniul doneze is

∅ nulovani niSniTaa warmodgenili. specialur literatu-

raSi gamoTqmuli Tvalsazrisis Tanaxmad, megrul-lazurSic

mosalodneli iKo imave tipis prefiqsacia, rogorc qar-

TulSia (gansakuTrebiT Zvel qarTulsa da dialeqtebSi [Ci-

qobava 1936, 92-93]. Tumca aqac Tavs iCens logikuri diqo-

tomia: O1 O2 ∼ O3.

iseve rogorc O-is ricxvis gamoxatvisas, am SemTxveva-

Sic, uniSnobiT upirispirdeba O3 danarCen pirebs. amgvari

Tanmimdevruloba saintereso suraTs iZleva pirTa kombina-

ciebSi, romlebSic aisaxeba markerebi, rogorc funqciuri

elementebi.


186

IIIIIIIIIIII Tavi Tavi Tavi Tavi

susususubibibibieqteqteqteqtTa da obiTa da obiTa da obiTa da obieqteqteqteqtTa komTa komTa komTa kombibibibinanananacicicicieeeebi bi bi bi memememegrulgrulgrulgrul----lalalalazurzurzurzurSiSiSiSi

qarTulis msgavsad, subieqtTa da obieqtTa kombinacie-

bi megrul-lazurSic ganixileba relatiuri zmnebis mixed-

viT. swored kombinaciaTa simravle gansazGvravs mwkrivis

kategorias. tradiciuli gramatikebis mixedviT, qarTuli

enis relatiuri zmnis uGlebis paradigmaSi erTi mwkrivis

SigniT dasaSvebia 28 forma, anu subieqtisa da obieqtis 28

kombinacia. Tumca realurad saubaria 18 gramatikul for-

maze mwkrivis farglebSi [SaniZe 1980, 227-231; Ciqobava

1950].

T. uTurgaiZis fundamenturi naSromis _ `gramatikuli

kategoriebisa da maTi urTierTmimarTebisaTvis qarTul

zmnaSi~ _ [2002] mixedviT cxadia, rom 28-ve formas aqvs

damoukidebel erTeulad arsebobis ufleba, radgan funqci-

urad arcerTi maTgani ar imeorebs meores. es naTeli xdeba

maSinve, rogorc ki TiToeuli formis CawerisaTvis daSve-

buli iqneba pirisa da ricxvis niSanTa nulovani alomor-

fi. magaliTad, gagagagaqebTqebTqebTqebT forma, romelic oTx kombinaciaSi

meordeba, oTxsave SemTxvevaSi gansxvavebulad Caiwereba:

S102p gaqebT: ∅-g-aqeb-T0

p

S302p gaqebT: g-aqeb-∅-T0

p

S1p02 gaqebT: ∅-g-aqeb-TS

p

S1p02

p gaqebT: ∅-g-aqeb-TSp-∅0

p

aqedan gamomdinare, T. uTurgaiZe principulad gamori-

cxavs gramatikul formaTa damTxvevas, radgan `esa Tu is

gramatikuli forma Tavis statuss konkretuli paradigmis

farglebSi iGebs da gadamwKveti ar aris misi gamoxatule-


187

bis plani. paradigmas SeuZlia markeris gauqmebac, misTvis

funqciis Secvlac (sxva paradigmasTan mimarTebiT) da bo-

los specifikuri formebis Seqmna, sadac kategorialur

markerTa rolSi, enobriv elementTa Taviseburi distribu-

cia gvevlineba... ~ [uTurgaiZe 2002, 84-89].

subieqtTa da obieqtTa SesaZlo kombinacia da mwkrivSi

formaTa raodenoba warmoaCens megrul-lazuri zmnis Tavi-

seburebas: morfemaTa zGvarze morfonologiuri gardaqmne-

bis Sedegad Cndeba e. w. `damTxveuli~ formebi. gramatikul

omonimias xels uwKobs ricxvis gamoxatvis is sistema, rac

megrul-lazurisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. Sesabamisad, sanam

mimovixilavT subieqtTa da obieqtTa kombinaciebs, warmo-

vadgenT piris da ricxvis morfemaTa ganawilebis tabulebs

t. gudavasa da T. gamKreliZis mier dadgenili wesebisa da

Cven mier gaanalizebuli pirisa da ricxvis alomorfTa mi-

xedviT.

tabula 1

S1 morfemis poziciuri ganawileba

zanuri pozicia

prefiqsi

-V

V-V

-CmjG.

-CfSv.

-Cmkv.

−mp

fb

C

−mp

fb

megr

.

{ v-}

v-

v-ºu-

∅-

b-ºv-

f-ºv-

b-

p-ºv-

b-

v- v-ºb-/

f-/p*-

laz

.

{ v-} v-

ºb-

v-ºb-

∅-

b-

f-ºb-

∅-ºv-

p- ∅-

ºb-

m**-ºv-

*C-s ragvarobis mixedviT

**nC mimdevrobasTan m- alomorfi Cndeba.


188

tabula 2

S3 morfemis poziciuri ganawileba zanur i pozicia

sufiqsi

−−

VmVn

−+

nawilakiVmVn

auslauti

auslauti V-V*

{ -s} -sº-c -sº-c _ _

{ -u} _ _ -uº-ˆ-º∅ _

megr

.

{ -n} _ _ -∅ -n

* -ia da -o nawilakebis darTvisas

tabula 3

O1-is morfemis poziciuri ganawileba

zan. pozicia

prefiqsi

-V

V-V

-CmjG.

-CfSv.

-Cmkv.

-Cnapr.

megr

.

{ m-} m- m- b- f- p- m-

laz

.

{ m-} m- m- m- m- m- m-

tabula 4

O3-is morfemis poziciuri ganawileba

zan. pozicia

prefiqsi

-V

V-V

-CmjG.

-CfSv.

-Cmkv.

-K

megr

. {g-} g- g-

º∅-

r-(g-º∅) r-(q-) r-(k-) r-

laz

.

{g-} g- g- g- g-ºq- g-ºk-(q-) k-

{ -s} -sº-� -sº-∅ _ _

{ -u} _ _ -u _

laz

.

{ -n} _ _ -n -n


189

tabula 5

ricxvis alomorfTa ganawileba

zanur

i

kateg.

piri

subieqti

pird. obieqti

iribi obieqti

1 { -T} {-T} ; /-a/∼/-an/; /-es/∼/-is/ {- n} ; ∅

{-T} ; /-a/∼/-an/; /-es/∼/-is/ {- n} ; ∅

2 {-T} {-T} ; /-a/∼/-an/; /-es/∼/-is/ {- n} ; ∅

{-T} ; /-a/∼/-an/; /-es/∼/-is/ {- n} ; ∅

megr

.

3 /-a/∼/-an/ /-es/∼/-is/;{- n}

∅ {-T} ; /-a/∼/-an/; /-es/∼/-is/ {- n} ; ∅

1 /-T/∼/-d/ /-T/∼/-d/; /an/∼/nan/;{ n-} /-es/∼/-ez/∼/e�/∼/eS/∼/e/;∅

/-T/∼/-d/; /an/∼/nan/;{ n-} /-es/∼/-ez/∼/e�/∼/eS/∼/e/;∅

2 /-T/∼/-d/ /-T/∼/-d/; /an/∼/nan/;{ n-} /-es/∼/-ez/∼/e�/∼/eS/∼/e/;∅

/-T/∼/-d/; /an/∼/nan/;{ n-} /-es/∼/-ez/∼/e�/∼/eS/∼/e/;∅

laz

. 3 /-an/∼/-nan/

/-es/∼/-ez/∼/e�/ ∼/eS/∼/e/;{- n}

∅ /-T/∼/-d/; /an/∼/nan/;{ n-} /-es/∼/-ez/∼/e�/∼/eS/∼/e/;∅

cnobilia, rom megrul-lazurSic gardamavali zmna or-

piriania an sampiriani, xolo `sampirian zmnaSi pirucvleli

obieqti (pirdapiri an iribi) KovelTvis nulovani alomor-

fiT aris warmodgenili. pirucvleli obieqti KovelTvis

mesame piria, misi adgili aris pircvalebadi obieqtis niS-

nis momdevnod~ (uTurgaiZe 2002, 54). maSasadame, pirTa kom-

binaciaTa raodenobis TvalsazrisiT, pirucvleli obieqti

arafers ar cvlis. garda imisa, rom sampiriani zmnuri

formis Cawerisas Cndeba ∅ nulovani markeri mesame piruc-

vleli obieqtisa.

arsebiTad SemovifarglebiT orpiriani formebis anali-

ziT ganurCevlad gardamavlobisa, radgan piris niSanTa ga-

nawileba damokidebulia fonologiur Sepirobebulobaze.

pirvel rigSi, ganvixilavT TanxmovniT dawKebuli zmnuri


190

fuZeebisa da piris da ricxvis niSanTa kombinaciebs. SevniS-

navT, rom fuZiseuli Tanxmovnis ragvaroba amJerad araarse-

biTia, radgan kombinaciebSi gameordeba erTi konkretuli

alomorfi: v- /b- / f- / p-. igive iTqmis sxva piris morfemeb-

zec. uGlebis cxrilebSi cal-calke warmovadgenT megruli-

sa da lazuris formebs. saanalizod aviGebT wKvetilis

mwkrivs, radgan igi Sesapirispireblad ufro metKvelia,

vidre awmKo, sadac Tematuri niSnebiT gansxvavdebian megru-

li da lazuri, aseve TvalSi sacemia -q daboloeba megru-

lis I da II piris formebSi. Tumca CamoTvlili arc erTi

faqtori ar gansazGvravs kombinaciaTa da damTxveul an gan-

sxvavebul formaTa raodenobas mwkrivis SigniT.

megruli: bbbb----gorigorigorigori `(mo)-v-Zebne~

O S

1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 r-gori `mogZebne~

b-gori `movZebne~

r-gori-T `mogZebneT~

b-gori `movZebne~

2 b-gori `momZebne~

gori `moZebne~

b-gori-T `mogvZebne~

gori `moZebne~

3 b-gor-u `momZebna~

r-gor-u `mogZebna~

gor-u `moZebna~

b-gor-es `mogvZebna~

r-gor-es `mogZebnes~

gor-u `moZebna~

1p r-gori-T `mogZebneT

b-gori-T `movZebneT~

r-gori-T `mogZebneT~

b-gori-T `movZebneT~

2p b-gori-T `momZebneT~

gori-T `moZebneT~

b-gori-T `mogvZebneT~

gori-T `moZebneT~

3p b-gor-es `momZebnes~


gor-es `moZebnes~

b-gor-es `mogvZebnes~


gor-es `moZebnes~


191

cxrili 1 lazuri: bbbb----ZiZiZiZiriririri `vnaxe~

O S 1 2 3 1p 2p 3p

1 g-Ziri `gnaxe

b-Ziri `vnaxe~

g-Ziri-T `gnaxeT~

b-Ziri `vnaxe~

2 m-Ziri `mnaxe~

Ziri `naxe~

m-Ziri-T `gvnaxe~

Ziri `naxe~

3 m-Zir-u `mnaxa~

g-Zir-u `gnaxa~

Zir-u `naxa~

m-Zir-es `gvnaxa~

g-Zir-es `gnaxaT~

Zir-u `naxa~

1p g-Ziri-T `gnaxeT~

b-Ziri-T `vnaxeT~

g-Ziri-T `gnaxeT~

b-Ziri-T `vnaxeT~

2p m-Ziri-T `mnaxeT~

Ziri-T `naxeT~

m-Ziri-T `gvnaxeT~

Ziri-T `naxeT~

3p m-Zir-es `mnaxes~

g-Zir-es `gnaxes~

Zir-es `naxes~

m-Zir-es `gvnaxes~

g-Zir-es `gnaxes~

Zir-es `naxes~

cxrili 2

orive cxrilSi warmodgenilia gardamavali orpiriani

zmnis 28 forma, romlebic gansxvavebul kombinacias gvaZ-

levs. am 28 formidan ramdenime meordeba sxvadasxva kombina-

ciaSi, xolo ramdenime TiTo kombinaciaSia warmodgenili.

kombinaciebis mixedviT Tu SevapirispirebT formebs, aseT

suraTs miviGebT:

komkomkomkombibibibinanananaciaciaciacia memememegrugrugrugrulililili lalalalazuzuzuzuriririri

(1) S103 S103

p b-gori b-Ziri

(2) S201 b-gori m-Ziri

(3) S102 r-gori g-Ziri

(4) S203 S203p gori Ziri

(5) S301 b-gor-u m-Zir-u

(6) S302 r-gor-u g-Zir-u

(7) S303 S303p gor-u Zir-u

(8) S201p S2

p01 S2

p01p b-gor-i-T m-Zir-i-T

(9) S1p03

S1p03

p b-gor-i-T b-Zir-i-T

(10) S102p S1

p02 S1

p02p r-gor-i-T g-Zir-i-T


192

(11) S2p03

S2p03

p gor-i-T Zir-i-T

(12) S301p S3

p01 S3p01

p b-gor-es m-Zir-es

(13) S302p S3

p02 S3p02

p r-gor-es g-Zir-es

(14) S3p03

S3p03

p gor-es Zir-es

am 14 formidan megrulSi (2) imeorebs (1)-s, xolo (9)

imeorebs (8)-s. Sesabamisad, megrulSi mwkrivis mixedviT

gvaqvs 12 gansxvavebuli forma, xolo lazurSi _ 14 gan-

sxvavebuli forma. sxvaobis mizezia obieqturi piris niSani:

rogorc tatatatabubububula la la la 3333 gviCvenebs, lazurSi 01-is morfema `ar

emorCileba~ homogenurobis princips gansxvavebiT megrulis-

gan, sadac m- prefiqsi b- alomorfs gvaZlevs mjGeri Tan-

xmovnis win, riTac is emTxveva S1-is alomorfs (ix. tab. 1).

maSasadame, b-gori (1) da (2) kombinaciebSi funqciurad gan-

sxvavebulia:

b-gori ma Tina `v-Zebne me is~ b-gori-∅ ma Tinefi `v-Zebne-∅ me isini~ ∅-b-gori si ma `∅-m-Zebne Sen me~ rogorc ki nulovani alomorfebiT aGiniSna subieqtisa

da obieqtis pirisa da ricxvis niSnebi, maSinve cxadi gaxda

sxvaoba, erTi mxriv, b-gori ∼ b-gori-∅ formebs Soris, meo-

re mxriv, b-gori ∼ ∅-b-gori formebs Soris, mesame mxriv, b-

gori-∅ ∼ ∅-b-gori formebs Soris. esaa dapirispireba obi-

eqtis ricxvis (a), pirebis (b), ricxvisa da piris (g) mixed-

viT.

igive viTarebaa (8) da (9) kombinaciebis SemTxvevaSic:

∅-b-gori-T0p si Cqi `∅-gv-Zebne Sen Cven~

∅-b-gori-TSp Tqva ma `∅-m-Zebne-T Tqven me~

∅-b-gori-TSp-∅0

p Tqva Cqi `∅-gv-Zebne-T-∅ Tqven Cven~

b-∅-gori-T Cqi Tina `v-∅-Zebne-T Cven is~ b-∅-gori-TS

p-∅0

p Cqi Tinefi `v-∅-Zebne-T-∅ Cven isini~


193

aGsaniSnavia, rom am kombinaciebis SesatKvis qarTul

formebSi mxolod erTi forma meordeba or kombinaciaSi:

vZebvZebvZebvZebneTneTneTneT Cven isCven isCven isCven is da vZebvZebvZebvZebneT Cven isineT Cven isineT Cven isineT Cven isinininini. sxva kombinaciebSi

gansxvavebuli formebi gvaqvs, rac gviCvenebs megrul-lazur-

Si pirisa da ricxvis gamoxatvis gansxvavebul sistemas.

megrulSi gansxvavebuli forma TiTo-TiTo kombinaciiT

warmodgenilia 3 SemTxvevaSi: esenia: S102 _ r-gori, S301 _

b-gor-u, S302 _ r-gor-u, xolo lazurSi _ 4 SemTxvevaSi:

S201 _ m-Ziri, S102 _ g-Ziri, S301 _ m-Zir-u, S302 _ g-Zir-u.

danarCen kombinaciebSi erTnairad meordeba formebi me-

grulsa da lazurSi garda (8) da (9) SemTxvevebisa.

SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom megrulsa da lazurSi mwkri-

vis farglebSi gvaqvs Sesabamisad 12 da 14 gansxvavebuli

forma. raodenobrivi sxvaoba aris Sedegi 01-is morfemis

gansxvavebuli morfonologiuri qcevisa megrulsa da la-

zurSi.

rogorc tabulebidan Cans, xmovniswina poziciaSi S-sa

da 0-s niSnebi warmodgenilia ZiriTadi morfemiT (ix. tab.

1, 3, 4). gamonaklisia lazuri, sadac S1-is /v-/ da /b-/ alo-

morfebi dialeqtebis mixedviT nawildeba (ix. gv. 132). sain-

teresoa, aseT SemTxvevaSi icvleba Tu igive rCeba gansxvave-

bul formaTa raodenoba mwkrivis mixedviT. magaliTisTvis

vauGlebT megrul vvvv----oooo----rZrZrZrZ----iiii `vanTe~ da lazur vvvv----oooo----GodGodGodGod----iiii

`vakeTe~ zmnebs.


194


195


196

me-3 da me-4 cxrilebSi warmodgenili 28 sauGlebeli erTeu-

li kombinaciebSi gvaZlevs gansxvavebul da damTxveul formebs.

isini ase gadanawildebian:

komkomkomkombibibibinanananaciaciaciacia memememegrugrugrugrulililili lalalalazuzuzuzuriririri (1) S102 g-o-rZ-i g-o-od-i (2) S202

p S1p02 S1

p02p g-o-rZ-i-T g-o-God-i-T

(3) S103 S103p v-o-rZ-i v/b-o-God-i

(4) S1p03 S1

p03p v-o-rZ-i-T v/b-o-God-i-T

(5) S201 m-o-rZ-i m-o-God-i (6) S201

p S2p01 S2

p01p m-o-rZ-i-T m-o-God-i-T

(7) S203 S203p o-rZ-i o-God-i

(8) S2p03

S2 p03

p o-rZ-i-T o-God-i-T (9) S301

m-o-rZ-u m-o-God-u (10) S302 g-o-rZ-u g-o-God-u (11) S303

S303p o-rZ-u o-God-u

(12) S301p S3

p01 S3p01

p m-o-rZ-es m-o-God-es (13) S302

p S3p02 S3

p02p g-o-rZ-es g-o-God-es

(14) S3p03

S3p03

p o-rZ-es o-God-es rogorc vxedavT, amJeradac mwkrivis SigniT gamoiKofa 14

gansxvavebuli forma ara mxolod lazurSi, aramed megrulSic. fonologiuri gardaqmnebis SezGudvam moxsna S1-isa da 01-is alomorfTa damTxveva. Sesabamisad 14-ive forma imave kombina-ciebSia warmodgenili, rogorc 1-sa da me-2 cxrilSi. magali-Tad, TiTo kombinaciaSi warmodgenili formebia:

S102 _ g-o-rZ-i, g-o-God-i S201 _ m-o-rZ-i, m-o-God-i S301 _ m-o-rZ-u, m-o-God-u S302 _ g-o-rZ-u, g-o-God-u (SedarebisTvis ix. gv. 161) realurad ikveTeba saerTo suraTi subieqtTa da obieqt-

Ta kombinaciebTan dakavSirebiT megrul-lazurSi. xmovniswina poziciaSi piris niSanTa ganawilebis TvalsazrisiT araferi icvleba miuxedavad imisa, xmovani elementi qcevis niSania, kau-zativisa Tu gvarisa. Tumca kombinaciebSi cvlileba mosalod-nelia ricxvis gamoxatvis TvalsazrisiT vnebiTi gvaris orpi-rian formebSi, sadac III iribi obieqturi piris simravle aGiniSneba S3-is ricxvis niSnebiT, roca is dawKvilebulia mxo-loobiTSi dasmul S3 subieqtur pirTan (ix. tabula 5).


197


198

me-5 cxrilSi mocemuli formebi kombinaciebis mixedviT ase

gadanawildeba:

komkomkomkombibibibinanananaciaciaciacia memememegrugrugrugrulililili lalalalazuzuzuzuriririri (1) S102 g-a-yv-i g-a-yv-i (2) S102

p S1p02 S1

p02p g-a-yv-i-T g-a-yv-i-T

(3) S103 S103p v-a-yv-i v/b-a-yv-i

(4) S1p03 S1

p03p v-a-yv-i-T v/b-a-yv-i-T

(5) S201 m-a-yv-i m-a-yv-i (6) S201

p S2p01 S2

p01p m-a-yv-i-T m-a-yv-i-T

(7) S203 S203p a-yv-i a-yv-i

(8) S2p03

S2 p03

p a-yv-i-T a-yv-i-T (9) S301

m-a-yv-u/ˆ/∅ m-a-yv-u (10) S302 a-yv-u/ˆ/∅ a-yv-u (11) S303

a-yv-u/ˆ/∅ a-yv-u (12) S301

p S3p01 S3

p01p m-a-yv-es m-a-yv-es/e�/ez/e

(13) S302p S3

p02 S3p02

p g-a-yv-es g-a-yv-es/e�/ez/e (14) S303

p S3p03 S3

p03p a-yv-es a-yv-es/e�/ez/e

rogorc Cans, gansxvavebul formaTa raodenoba igive darCa

lazursa da megrulSi _ 14 sauGlebeli erTeuli, magram ma-Ti kombinaciebSi gadanawilebisas cvlileba Sevida (11) da (14) kombinaciebSi. (11)-Si mosalodneli ori kombinaciidan S303, S303

p erT-erTi (S303p) gadavida (14)-Si swored 03

p-is ri-cxvis gamoxatvis wesis gamo: kerZod, aaaa----yyyyvvvv----eseseses forma ase SeiZle-ba Caiweros:

S303

p a-yv-es: ∅-a-yv-∅Sp-es0

p Tiq Tinefs `da-ewva(T) is maT~

S3p03 a-yv-es: ∅-a-yv-esS

p Tinefq Tis `daewvnen isini mas~

S3p03

p a-yv-es: ∅-a-yv-esS

p-∅0

p Tinefq Tinefs `daewvnen isini maT~

am cvlilebis kvaldakval TiTo kombinaciaSi warmodgeni-

lia ara 4, aramed 5 forma. esenia: S102 _ g-a-yv-i S201 _ m-a-yv-i S301 _ m-a-yv-u (megrulSi mosalodnelia mayu) S302 _ g-a-yv-u (megrulSi: gayu) S303 _ a-yv-u (megrulSi: ayu)


199

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom xmovniswina poziciis mixedviT piris ni-SanTa ganawileba orpirian gardamaval da gardauval zmnebSi erTnairad xdeba. sxvaobas iwvevs obieqtis ricxvis gamoxatvis modeli: gardamaval zmnebSi III obieqtur pirs simravle ar aGeniSneba (arc iribisa da arc pirdapirisa), xolo gardauval zmnebSi iribi obieqtis ricxvi S303 kombinaciaSi aGiniSneba. miu-xedavad aseTi Tvisebrivi cvlilebisa, mTlianobaSi mwkrivis mi-xedviT gansxvavebul formaTa raodenoba (14 erTeuli) igive rCeba.

amJerad KuradGebas SevaCerebT subieqt-obieqtTa kombina-ciaze, roca S1 da 01, 02 niSnebi moeqceva intervokalur pozi-ciaSi. rogorc wesi, es xdeba: a) zmniswinebis darTvisas, b) qoqoqoqo dadasturebiTi nawilakis darTvisas da g) vavavava uarKofiTi nawi-lakis darTvisas. rogorc viciT, intervokalur poziciaSi me-grul-lazurSi KovelTvis warmodgenilia 01-is mmmm- morfema. la-zurSi aseve KovelTvis dasturdeba 02-is gggg- morfema, xolo me-grulSi gggg- ikargeba -iiii xmovnis win: V-g-i mimdevrobisas, danar-Cen SemTxvevebSi gggg- morfema ixmareba (ix. gv. 145). rac Seexeba S1-is alomorfebs, intervokalur poziciaSi megrulSi ZiriTa-dad gvaqvs vvvv- morfema. V-v-u mimdevrobisas, rogorc wesi, ∅ nulovani alomorfi gvaqvs. aseve V-v-o mimdevrobisas, Tu V warmoadgens nawilakis a xmovans, piris niSani ikargeba, xolo o-v-o mimdevrobisas daCndeba u alomorfi (ix. gv. 130-131). lazurSi ki dialeqturi sxvaoba aGiniSneba imiTac, rom xo-fur kilokavSi intervokalur poziciaSi S1-is niSani ikargeba.

rogorc vxedavT, intervokalur poziciaSi piris prefiqse-bi fonologiuradaa Sepirobebuli, rac aisaxeba sauGlebel erTeulebSic. Jer gavaanalizoT megrulis sasxviso qcevis formebi. rogorc wesi, zmniswinis darTvisas warmoiqmneba V-v-u da V-g-i mimdevrobebi, sadac u, i sasxviso qcevis niSnebia, xolo V SeiZleba iKos nebismieri xmovani zmniswinis Semadgen-lobaSi. warmovadgenT uGlebis nimuSebs. amJerad ∅ nulovan markers CavsvamT S1, S2 da 02 niSanTa adgilas. bunebrivia cxrilSi warmovadgenT sampiriani zmnis uGlebas. rogorc we-si, cxrilis SigniT moqceulia pircvalebadi iribi obieqti, xolo cxrilis gareT dgas pirucvleli pir. obieqti. magali-TisaTvis aviGebT Semdeg zmnas: *mo-g-i-G-i > mo-iGi `mogitane~, *mo-v-u-G-i > mo-u-Gi `movutane~.


200


201

cxrilSi warmodgenili 28 forma kombinaciebis mixedviT

ase SeiZlebs gadavanawiloT: komkomkomkombibibibinanananaciaciaciacia megmegmegmegrrrr. . . . (1) S102

ind03d mo-∅-i-G-i < ∗mo-g-i-G-i

(2) S103ind03

d

S103indp03

d

S203ind03

S203indp03

mo-∅-u-G-i

∗mo-v-u-G-i

mo-∅-u-G-i

(3) S102indp03

d

S1p02

ind03d

mo-∅-i-G-i-T < ∗mo-g-i-G-i-T

(4) S1p03

ind03d

S1p03

indp03d

S2p03

ind03d

S2p03

indp03d

mo-∅-u-G-i-T

∗mo-v-u-G-i-T

mo-∅-u-G-i-T

(5) S201ind03

d mo-m-i-G-i

(6) S201indp03

d

S2p01

ind03d

S2p01

indp03

mo-m-i-G-i-T

(7) S301ind03

mo-m-i-G-u/ˆ/∅

(8) S302ind03

d mo-∅-i-G-u/ˆ/∅ < ∗mo-g-i-G-u

(9) S303ind03

d

S303indp03

d mo-u-G-u/ˆ/∅

(10) S301ind03

d

S3p01

ind03d

S3p01

indp03d

mo-m-i-G-es

(11) S302indp03

d

S3p02

ind03d

S3p02

indp03d

mo-∅-i-G-es < ∗mo-g-i-G-es

(12) S3p03

ind03d

S3p03

indp03d

mo-u-G-es

gansxvavebul formaTa raodenoba Seicvala: 12 forma

meordeba sxvadasxva kombinaciaSi. maT Soris TiTo kombina-

ciiT warmodgenili formebia:

S102ind03

d mo-∅-i-G-i ma si Tina `mogitane me Sen is~

S201ind03

d mo-m-i-G-i si ma Tina `momitane Sen me is~


202

S301ind03

d mo-m-i-G-u Tiq ma Tina `momitana man me is~

S302ind03

d mo-∅-i-G-u Tiq si Tina `mogitana man Sen is~

cxadia, {g} morfemis monacvle ∅ nulovani markeri

formaTganmasxvavebeli funqciis mqonea opoziciaSi: mo-m-i-

G-i ∼ mo-∅-i-G-i; mo-m-i-G-u ∼ mo-∅-i-G-u. Sesabamisad, 02-is

∅ nulovani alomorfiT gamoxatva mwkrivis SigniT gansxva-

vebul formaTa raodenobas ver cvlis. magram sul sxva vi-

Tareba iqmneba S1-is ∅ nulovani markeriT gamoxatvisas.

momomomo----uuuu----GGGG----iiii forma sampiriania. Tu nulovani niSniT Ca-

vwerT samive aqtantis morfemas, miviGebT aseT Canawers:

S103ind03

d mo-∅-∅-∅-u-G-i ma Tis Tina

`movutane me mas is~

S103indp03

d mo-∅-∅-∅-u-G-i-∅ ma Tinefs Tina

`movutane me maT is~

S203ind03

d mo-∅-∅-∅-u-G-i si Tis Tina

`moutane Sen mas is~

S203indp03

d mo-∅-∅-∅-u-G-i si Tinefs Tina

`moutane Sen maT is~

mouGmouGmouGmouGiiiiTTTT forma kombinaciebis mixedviT ase Caiwereba:

S1p03

ind03d mo-∅-∅-∅-u-G-i-T Cqi Tis Tina

`movutaneT Cven mas is~

S1p03

indp03d mo-∅-∅-∅-u-G-i-T-∅ Cqi Tinefs Tina

`movutaneT Cven maT is~

S2p03

ind03d mo-∅-∅-∅-u-G-i-T Tqva Tis Tina

`moutaneT Tqven mas is~

S2p03

indp03d mo-∅-∅-∅-u-G-i-T-∅ Tqva Tinefs Tina

`moutaneT Tqven maT is~

ismis kiTxva: aqvs Tu ara ∅ nulovan markerebs ganmasx-

vavebeli funqcia (Girebuleba) opoziciaSi:


203

S103ind03

d ∼S203ind03

d : mo-∅-∅-∅-u-G-i ∼ mo-∅-∅-∅-u-G-i

S1p03

ind03d ∼ S2

p03ind03

d : mo-∅-∅-∅-u-G-i-T ∼ mo-∅-∅-∅-u-G-i-T

es is SemTxvevaa, roca gadamwKveti mniSvneloba eniyeba

aqtantTa rangebs zmnis struqturaSi:

`pirTa rangebi qcevis (an kauzaciis) uJris win ganlag-

debian ricxviTi indeqsebis mixedviT _ marcxniv KovelTvis

SedarebiT dabali indeqsis (`umcrosi~) mqone piri iqneba

(1-2-3-, e. i. me-Sen-is).

Tu samive pirmimarTi aqtantis indeqsi 3 (sami) iqneba,

dagvyirdeba mxolod obieqtur pirTa rangebis gansazGvra,

radgan S3-is niSani sufiqsia. ori 03-idan win (marcxniv) mo-

eqceva pircvalebadi obieqtis rangi, radgan I da II pirebSi

win uZGvis meore obieqts, romelic mudam III pirSia, maSasa-

dame, rangTa gansazGvra am SemTxvevaSi xdeba uGlebis rea-

luri paradigmidan amosvliT~ [uTurgaiZe 2002, 56]. aqedan

gamomdinare, mo-u-G-i formaSi masTan SewKobili aqtantebis

mixedviT SeiZleba ∅ alomorfTa kvalifikacia:

S103ind03

d : mo-∅S1-∅03ind-∅03

d-u-G-i

S203ind03

d : mo-∅S2-∅03ind-∅

03d-u-G-i

S103indp03

d : mo-∅S1-∅03indp

-∅ 03

d-u-G-i-∅0indp

da a. S.

msgavsi SemTxveva, roca samive piri ∅ nulovani alo-

morfebiT gamoixateba, qarTulSi gvaqvs S203ind03

d kombinacia-

Si: momomomouuuutatatatanenenene (Sen mas is) forma analogiurad Caiwereba: mo-

∅S-∅0ind-∅

d-u-tan-e, xolo qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi S1-is

niSnis dakargva -u xmovnis wina poziciaSi aseve bunebrivia:

realurad cocxal metKvelebaSi v- prefiqsi arc ismis.

rogorc vxedavT, megrulSi morfonologiuri procese-

bi ufro Sors wavida. megrulSi ara Tu 03d-is, aramed 03

ind-

is markeric didi xania dakargulia. am process savaraudod

win uswrebda S2-is niSnis gaqrobac. amJerad intensiurad

exeba es procesi S1-is markersac saTanado poziciaSi. rea-


204

lurad ikveTeba tendencia, rom piris markers ekargeba

formaTganmasxvavebeli funqcia, ukve araa arsebiTi, pirebi

materialurad arian warmodgenili Tu nulovani alomor-

febiT. es ki imas niSnavs, rom `ar arsebobs safuZveli imis-

Tvis, rom S ∼ 0 (subieqti ∼ obieqti) dapirispireba katego-riad miviCnioT~ da rogorc Cans, ara mxolod imitom, rom

S ∼ 0 dapirispirebisas `SeuZlebeli iqneboda pirdapiri da

iribi obieqtebis saerTo niSniT gamoxatva~ [uTurgaiZe

2002, 44-45], aramed imitomac, rom S-isa da 0-is markerTa

Canacvleba nulovani markerebiT saerTod arGvevs S ∼ 0 da-

pirispirebis formalur safuZvels. rogorc Cans, arsebiTi

da mTavaria aqtanturi kategoriebis semantika da is faqto-

ri, rom `aqtanturi kategoriebi izolirebulia _ amaTi

simravlis elementebi erTi konkretuli aqtantis farglebs

ver gascdebian, amitom simravleebs iqmnian sakuTari rome-

lobis elementTa dapirispirebiT~ [uTurgaiZe, 2002, 46].

ra xdeba lazurSi analogiur viTarebaSi? aq ukve dia-

leqtur nairsaxeobebze SeiZleba saubari. Tu megrulSi Kve-

la kilokavSi S1-is vvvv- markers V-v-u mimdevrobisas enacvleba

∅ nulovani markeri, msgavsi viTareba lazurs xofuri dia-

leqtisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, Tanac nebismier xmovanTan: V-

v-V poziciaSi v KovelTvis ikargeba. amave dros viwur-arqa-

bulsa da aTinurSi S1 KovelTvis markirebulia v º b alo-

morfebiT. Tu imasac gaviTvaliswineT, rom O2-is prefiqsi

intervokalur poziciaSi ar ikargeba, cxadia lazurSi od-

nav gansxvavebuli viTareba iqmneba.

nimuSisTvis vauGlebT gogogogowawawawavuGivuGivuGivuGi `wavarTvi~ formas xo-

furSi:


205


206

cxrilis mixedviT gansxvavebuli formebi ase warmogvidgeba

(1) S102ind03

d __ gowa-g-i-G-i

(2) S103ind03

d

S103indp03

d

S203ind03

S203indp03

gowa-∅-u-G-i

gowa-v-u-G-i

gowa-∅-u-G-i

(3) S102indp03

d

S1p02

ind03d

gowa-g-i-G-i-T

(4) S1p03

ind03d

S1p03

indp03d

S2p03

ind03d

S2p03

indp03d

gowa-∅-u-G-i-T

gowa-v-u-G-i-T

gowa-∅-u-G-i-T

(5) S201ind03

d gowa-m-i-G-i

(6) S201indp03

d

S2p01

ind03d

S2p01

indp03

gowa-m-i-G-i-T

(7) S301ind03

gowa-m-i-G-u

(8) S302ind03

d gowa-g-i-G-u

(9) S303ind03

d

S303indp03

d gowa-u-G-u

(10) S301ind03

d

S3p01

ind03d

S3p01

indp03d

gowa-m-i-G-es

(11) S302indp03

d

S3p02

ind03d

S3p02

indp03d

gowa-g-i-G-es

(12) S3p03

ind03d

S3p03

indp03d

gowa-u-G-es

rogorc vxedavT, lazuri imeorebs megrulis viTarebas

im TvalsazrisiT, rom aqac 12 gansxvavebuli forma fiqsir-

deba. cxadia, mizezi isev da isev S1-is markeris dakargvaa.

02-is markireba g- prefiqsiT suraTs ver cvlis. xofurisgan

gansxvavebuli suraTi gveqneba danarCen kiloebSi, sadac we-

sisamebr 14 sxvadasxva forma gveqneba, rac imas niSnavs, rom

lazurSi morfonologiuri procesi araa iseTive intensiu-

ri, rogorc megrulSi.


207

subieqtTa da obieqtTa kombinaciebis analizma aCvena, rom relatiuri zmnis uGlebis paradigmaSi mwkrivis mixedviT gra-matikul formaTa raodenoba ar unda ganisazGvros gamoxatu-lebis planSi gansxvavebul formaTa raodenobis mixedviT:

a) gansxvavebul formaTa raodenoba megrul-lazurSi merKeobs 12-sa da 14 erTeuls Soris, rac gamowveulia pi-ris niSanTa fonologiuri poziciiTa da ricxvis gamoxat-vis sistemiT.

pirveli faqtoris moqmedeba Zlieria megrulSi, roca Tanxmovniswina poziciaSi S1-is da 01-is morfemaTa alomor-febi erTmaneTs emTxveva, Sesabamisad, megrulSi 12 gansxvave-buli forma gvaqvs, xolo lazurSi 14, radgan 01-is marke-rs fonologiuri variantebi ara aqvs.

piris niSanTa morfonologiuri gardaqmnebi SezGudu-lia xmovniswina poziciaSi, riTac megrul-lazuri saerTo suraTs gviCvenebs, Tumca sxvaoba Tavs iCens orpirian gar-dauval da gardamaval zmnaTa sauGlebel erTeulTa Sepi-rispirebisas: marTalia, orsave SemTxvevaSi gamoxatulebis planSi gansxvavebul formaTa raodenoba 14 erTeulia, kom-binaciaTa mixedviT analizisas irkveva, rom gardauval zmna-Si ricxvis gamoxatvis gansxvavebuli modeli moqmedebs, ris gamoc kombinaciebis mixedviT formebi sxvagvarad gadanawil-deba gardamavalsa da gardauval zmnebSi.

b) fonologiuri garemocvis mniSvneloba izrdeba zmniswinian da nawilakian formebSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi S1, 01

da 02 pirTa markerebi aGmoCndebian intervokalur pozicia-Si, rac iwvevs mTel rig fonetikur gardaqmnebs. Sesabami-sad, es procesi sxvadasxva intensivobiT xasiaTdeba megrul-lazurSi, Tumca gamoxatulebis planSi gansxvavebul forma-Ta raodenoba 12 erTeuls ar aGemateba. amave dros morfo-nologiuri procesis mravalplanianoba TvalSi sacemia sa-mpiriani saobieqto versiis formebSi, radgan fonetikuri procesebi gansxvavebulia aramarto bgeraTmimdevrobis gamo, aramed dialeqturi niSniTac: erTi mxriv, megrulsa da la-


208

zurs Soris, meore mxriv, sakuTriv lazuris kilokavebs Soris. dialeqturi TvalsazrisiT, morfonologiuri procesis

intensivoba Zlieria megrulSi, romlis viTarebas uaxlov-

deba lazuris xofuri dialeqti, xolo viwur-arqabulsa da

aTinurSi es procesi ufro sustadaa gamoxatuli.

g) rogorc orpiriani, aseve sampiriani zmnebis mixedviT

pirTa kombinaciebis analizma warmoaCina ∅ nulovani alo-

morfis rogorc formaTganmasxvavebeli, aseve kategoriaTa

ganmasxvavebeli funqcia. gamoikveTa tendencia piris aGmniS-

vnel prefiqsTa dakargvisa. es procesi bolomde dasrulda

S2-is, 03dir da 03

ind pirTa SemTxvevaSi. mimdinareobs S1-isa da

02-is niSanTa dakargva intervokalur poziciaSi, Tumca ∅

nulovani markeri SesaZlebelia sxva poziciaSic daCndes. pi-

ris niSanTa dakargvis tendencia megrul-lazurSi adastu-

rebs samecniero literaturaSi arsebul Tvalsazriss, rom

istoriulad am prefiqsTa funqcia ar iKo piris gramatiku-

li kategoriis gamoxatva. TavisTavad is faqti, rom erTi

da igive bgeraTmimdevroba SeiZleba gamoxatavdes rogorc

pirveli, aseve meore subieqturi piris formebs (ix. gv. 21-

22), miuTiTebs imaze, rom zmnuri forma ver ganixileba

mxolod gamoxatulebis planis mixedviT. aqtanturi katego-

riebi damoukidebeli semantikuri kategoriebia da maTi

kombinaciiT warmoqmnili formebi ara mxolod gamoxatule-

bis planSi, aramed SinaarsiTac gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan.

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, megrul-lazuris orpiri-

ani zmnis uGlebis paradigmaSi mwkrivis SigniT gramatikul

formaTa raodenoba sinqroniul doneze 28 erTeuliT gani-

sazGvreba iseve, rogorc danarCen qarTvelur enebSi. ufro

metic, identur pirTa kombinaciebsac Tu ganvixilavT damo-

ukidebel gramatikul formebad (S101, S202, S1p01

p, S2p02

p), ma-

Sin 32 erTeulamde gaizrdeba zmnuri formebis SesaZlo

kombinaciebis raodenoba.


209

Questions of Megrelian-Laz Grammar

Summary

The system of Expression of the category of number

Introduction

The grammatical category of number is known as universal as it is

inherent to both nominal and verbal systems of a language. However, it functions in different ways in these parts of speech.

In the literature dedicated to this problem (Jespersen) the category of number is considered to be a typical, quantitative parameter of the object (for instance, of the noun and of the personal pronoun).

Understanding of the concept of plurality of verbal forms can be of two types: on the one hand, it expresses plurality of actions expressed in a different way in different languages (Jespersen); on the other hand, the idea of plurality does not lie in the verb itself, but is the property of the subject of the verb. Thus, in Georgian isini midian ʻthey are going does not denote the concept of the word siarulisiarulisiarulisiaruli ʻwalk but that of mosiarule ʻthe walker, the person who walksʼ as the actants themselves introduce the category of number in the predicate, thus there is no need to use the marker of plurality in the word denoting action. These markers are inher-ently connected with the plurality: when several actants are in the singu-lar, others in the plural, they need to be differentiated (according to the number) by the predicate (Uturgaidze).

The systemic category of the number in nominal and verbal systems in Megrelian and Laz is explored and analysed in the monograph.


210

Chapter I

Formation of the plural of a noun

§1. Suffix of plurality -effff and its allomorphs

The formation of the plural noun in Megrelian and Laz is based on the principle of agglutination. The marker of the plural number in these languages is the morpheme {-effff}. However, in Megrelian, in Ergative and Dative, suffixes /-en/, /-em/ appear which, in the literature, is classed as an attempt to overcome pq, ps consonant clusters (Gudava, Gamkrelidze, Janjghava).

The allomorph /-em/ is characteristic of the Zugdidi-Samuzarkano region and the suffix /-en/ is typical of the Senaki region. However, at the present stage, use of suffix /-ef/ is becoming more stable in Ergative and Dative cases (mostly in Zugdidi-Samurzakano dialect) which, as I see it, is the influence of the Georgian language. Arguably, the same influ-ence is felt in the suffix /-eb/ , testified in Megrelian and Laz.

In Laz, allomorphs of the morpheme {-ep} are phonologically condi-tioned. According to the stem ending of the noun, a set of the cases in plu-ral marked by /-pe/ and /-epe/ is testified.

If the stem of the noun ends in vowels a,o,u, the plural is formed by adding the suffux /-pe/: TomaTomaTomaToma----fefefefe ʻhairʼ, ZoZoZoZo----fefefefe ʻchairs , katukatukatukatu----fefefefe ʻcats ; The borrowings ending in vowels i and e form the plural by means of the suffix /-pe/: dugunJidugunJidugunJidugunJi----fefefefe ʻguests at wedding receptionʼ dekikedekikedekikedekike----fefefefe ʻminutes. Nouns in Laz ending in e- fall in the group of nouns with con-sonant stems and form the plural by means of the suffix /-epe/: kuCxekuCxekuCxekuCxe - kuCxkuCxkuCxkuCx----efeefeefeefe ʻlegs , CilamreCilamreCilamreCilamre - CilamrCilamrCilamrCilamr----efeefeefeefe ʻtears .

In the nouns of the dalefi ʻsisters type in Megrelian and Laz, the element l tends to disappear. This tendency is strongly felt in Khopa dia-lect: JalefeJalefeJalefeJalefe º JaefeJaefeJaefeJaefe º nJafenJafenJafenJafe ʻtrees, qvalefeqvalefeqvalefeqvalefe º qvaefeqvaefeqvaefeqvaefe ʻstones. When

this happens, the vowel cluster in such words may be reduced to one vowel: daldaldaldal----efefefef----eeee > dadadada----efeefeefeefe > defedefedefedefe. . . . It is worth mentioning that da��epi: l > � form , arguably, can be considered to be the middle element of dal-effff-e > da-effff-e transformation.

The dynamics of the dielectal, morpho-phonematic changes can be expressed as follows:


211

Jalefi

Zugdidi-

Samurzakano.:

Senaki. -Martvili.:

Khopa. -Chkhala.:

Vitse-Arkhabe

Atina

Jalefi

Jalefi º Ja�efi

Jalefe º Jaefe Jalefe º Jafe

The allomorph -lepe was singled out within the Khopa-Chkhala ad-jectives by G. Kartozia: myiTalefe myiTalefe myiTalefe myiTalefe ʻthe red (pl)ʼ; CqimilefeCqimilefeCqimilefeCqimilefe ʻmine (pl)ʼ. The allomorph -lefelefelefelefe was singled out in several monosyllabic adjectives in plural: mJveelefemJveelefemJveelefemJveelefe ʻthe old, xCeelefexCeelefexCeelefexCeelefe ʻthe white. I believe that it is also possible to single out the allomorph -leflefleflef in one type of Megrelian attribu-tive nouns: wkvintalefiwkvintalefiwkvintalefiwkvintalefi, , , , cpre: wkvintawkvintawkvintawkvinta ʻthe one with a pointed nose, a displeased personʼ, etc. Thus, the allomorphs denoting the plural form of the noun in these languages are distributed as follows:

In Megrelian: {-ef} : /-ef/, /-em/, /-en/, /-eb/, [/-lef/] In Laz: {-ef}: /-efe/, /-fe/, /-lefe/, /-elefe/, /-eb/.

§2. Number as a translatory category

The category of number embraces morphological, syntactic and se-

mantic levels of a language. The grammatical number is denoted by mor-phemes. The affixes forming the plural number in the literature dedicated to the problem are classed as derivative elements (Shanidze), affixes of the transient type (Chikobava), flexional morphemes (Uturgaidze). It can be argued that the affix denoting plurality in Megrelian and Laz is primar-ily a flexional element. However, by means of adding the morpheme de-noting the number, it becomes possible to translate one word belonging to one class into the word belonging to the other class. For instance, by means of the adding of the formant of the number, the attributive noun will no longer refer to the quality (as quality does not possess plurality). However, transformed in such a way, it will refer to the object possessing the quality. For instance, in Laz mjvmjvmjvmjveshieshieshieshi, in Megrelian jveshijveshijveshijveshi ʻoldʼ ac-quires the meaning of jveshepijveshepijveshepijveshepi/e ancestors when presented in the plural form. Similar forms in Laz are didilefedidilefedidilefedidilefe ʻthe old, compared to big yitalefeyitalefeyitalefeyitalefe ʻthe young, smallʼ, mchxualefemchxualefemchxualefemchxualefe ʻlarge .


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Morpheme -efefefef in Laz may be added to the adverb: SSSSqalefeqalefeqalefeqalefe, com-pared to SSSSqaqaqaqa ʻin the middle, didofedidofedidofedidofe compared to didodidodidodido ʻvery much, hahahahaSSSSopeopeopeope cmpared to hahahahaSSSSoooo ʻso, thus.

Thus, these words acquire grammatical categories (case and number ) of the noun.

The fact that in Laz the morpheme -efefefef is added to the verb-forms ex-pressing person, for example: idesidesidesides----fefefefe ʻthose who have goneʼ, moxtes-ffffe ʻthose who have comeʼ, also deserves attention.

Moreoever, the marker of the case originates from the suffix ----fefefefe : na na na na dosqidudosqidudosqidudosqidu----fefefefe----ssss ʻto those who are left behindʼ, bigzaliTubigzaliTubigzaliTubigzaliTu----fefefefe----SiSiSiSi ʻto those who have left. The verb-forms denoting a category of the person by means of the suffix -fefefefe can function as a noun and, in most cases, express the sub-ject or the object of a sentence .

Obviously, in Laz, it is possible to transfer any part of speech into the category of a noun by adding the morpheme expressing the number {{{{----efefefef}}}}. . . . This means that the word can be translated on both morphological and syntactic levels simultaneously implying a semantic shift .

§3. Plural forms of mu- (the third person pronoun, singular)

There exist several points of view regarding n and t elements in the

third person singular forms of the personal pronoun mu- in Megrelian: mumumumu----nnnn----efefefef----iiii,,,, Laz.: mumumumu----TTTT----efefefef----eeee ʻthey, themselvesʼ. Earlier, it was considered to be the marker of plurality (Murray), the determiner suffix (Kipshidze), the remaining part of the reflexive pronoun tinatinatinatina (Javakhishvili), the morphological entitiy of an indefinite origin (Chikobava).

In Megrelian and Laz, as revealed by the data, these suffixes express the category of a person. However, in addition to this, they may function, in their secondary function as reflexive pronouns.

In Megrelian the word-form revealing n- element, mumumumu----nnnn----eeeeffff----iiii, in Laz mumumumu----TTTT----efefefef----eeee, exists together with the form munmunmunmun----TTTT----efefefef----eeee. I suppose that in Laz, the primary form must be the one with n, compared muTxamuTxamuTxamuTxa º and

munTxanimunTxanimunTxanimunTxani ʻsomething in Laz. According to Laz phonotactics, the nasal complex nTnTnTnT of the decesive succession is quite possible to appear (Kute-lia). Because of this, arguably, munTefemunTefemunTefemunTefe reveals the determiner and the suffix nnnn, appearing in the Megrelian form munefimunefimunefimunefi ʻthey, themselvesʼ. As for the TTTT element in Laz, arguably, it can be the remaining part of TiTiTiTi of the noun TaviTaviTaviTavi ʻhead which conveyed the meaning of a reflexive pronoun.


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§4. Towards the plural forms of demonstrative and relative

pronouns in the Atina dialect of Laz

In Atina dialect of Laz the demonstrative prounons are ham ʻthis , him ʻthat . Their plural forms are hani ʻthese, hini ʻthose. The relative pronoun nani and its plural form namu ʻwhich also fall into this group. In these pronouns Tsagareli and Murrry singled out the marker of the plural ni. Chartolani proposed that these pronouns reveal the pronominal stem n. I argue that there are several arguments strengthening this point of view:

1) two sets of both: reduced and complete forms of plural are present : ham < hamu, him < himu, nam < namu. The reduced forms play the role of the demonstrative pronouns (attributes) whilst the complete forms denote only the third person singular.

The plural forms hani, hini , nani are used only as third person pro-nouns. At the same time, I have come across form hin (testified in Atina texts by Kipshidze) which accompanies the noun and has the meaning of demonstrativeness: hin bozo-moTa... ham destani gamiGu (Kif. II, 90, 2-3) ʻthat grandchild took out this poemʼ. In addition, the demonstrative pronoun hen is also revealed in Arkhabe texts compiled by Jghenti: hen didi bozos uwu-qi (jG. 132, 19-21) he/she told that older girl thatʼ...

2) The plural form of the pronoun namu ʻwhich , formed by means of the suffix -efefefef, is testified in Vitse-Arkhabe and Khopa dialects: nanananammmm----TefeTefeTefeTefe ʻwhich . The fact that it is possible to form a plural form of a demon-strative pronoun by means of -efefefef suffix in Atina can be proved by the fact that Atina texts provided by Kipshidze reveal the form hanefehanefehanefehanefe ʻthese in-stead of the commonly used hani (Kif. II, 72, 31). In addition, Murray also confirms the form hinefehinefehinefehinefe ʻthose (Murray, 34).

3) Arguably, the forms hinhinhinhin, , , , henhenhenhen, , , , hinefehinefehinefehinefe, , , , hanefehanefehanefehanefe, , , , hinihinihinihini, , , , hanihanihanihani, , , , naninaninaninani show the same *n pronominal stem. More concretely, in the follow-ing pairs hamuhamuhamuhamu - hanihanihanihani, himuhimuhimuhimu - hinihinihinihini, namunamunamunamu - nani the opposition is con-structed by the pronominal stems mumumumu - *nininini.

Thus, in Megrelian and Laz the position of the suffix -efefefef is quite stable and embraces all of the nominal subsystems (noun, adjective, nu-meral and pronoun). Moreover, I argue that Zan (resp. Megrelian-Laz) does not reveal a trace of any other suffix denoting the concept of plural-ity.


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Chapter II

Expression of the Plurality of the Category of Person in the Verb

§5. The formation of the subject in the scrives of I and II series

While analysing the plural forms of a person we apply the concepts

of the subject and the object as these are the universal categories of a logi-cal-semantic level of the language. In addtion, expression of the number is also important from the logical-semantic point of view.

I agree with the opinion expressed in the literature according to which the Kartevlian languages are characterised by the dichotomy of the person I, II ∼III (Asatiani, Uturgaidze). This, in its turn, is connected with the well-known theory by Benvenist. I would like to go further and spec-ify that the concept of non-person cannot be correct: the pronoun isini possesses a twofold essence: isini ʻthey = is (he/she, a person)) + is (he/she, a person ) + is (he/she, a person): a personal person

isini ʻthey = is (it, non-person)... + is (it, non-person): an impersonal person.

The combination isini ʻthey ≠ is (he/she, an animate person) + is (it, inanimate person)

I argue that the semantic dualism of the third person causes the asymmetry in the expression of the number in Laz and Megrelian.

In Zan (Megrelian-Laz) the markers of the number of the subject are distributed on the basis of the following principle: S1, S2 are marked by means of -TTTT suffix, in the forms of I and II series, in all the possible com-binations, despite transitivity of the verb. Thus, in the Archabe dialect of Laz t acquires the properties of the voiced consonant in those cases when -��a particle is added to the word: t → d _ moiGi fara, okoZiradokoZiradokoZiradokoZirad----�a�a�a�a (jG. 117, 10) bring the money , let’s divide itʼ.

Expression of the plural form of S3 can be achieved by means of sev-eral suffixes distributed according to the scrives. In the forms of the suffix -an, appearing in its full form in Laz, is testified. As for Megrelian, here, as a rule, the consonant element of the morpheme -an is lost: -an>-a, unless followed by the interrogative particle -o (yarunanoyarunanoyarunanoyarunano? are they writ-ing? ), ia º ie particles denote the reported speech: yarunaniayarunaniayarunaniayarunania ʻthey are

writingʼ (reported speech). Quite frequently the part of the suffix n is re-


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stored before the conjunction do ʻand : Jari uCqˆnanuCqˆnanuCqˆnanuCqˆnan do gˆmoCana saqonels (xub. 129, 12) They cut the throats of the cattle and sell themʼ.

In the scrives of the Past Tense the number of the S3 is expressed by means of the morpheme -es both in Megrelian and Laz. However, in Me-grelian, -is suffix is also used (more rarely than -es); for example, goggoggoggoguuuu----manwKiismanwKiismanwKiismanwKiis (Kif. 3, 13) he/she was dressedʼ, Tqv‹Tqv‹Tqv‹Tqv‹s (xub. 194, 4) they said, ikocisikocisikocisikocis (xub. 51, 2) they left. In Laz several allomorphs of -es suffix are also revealed :

a) the reflex of the consonant s is visible �� : es → e�e�e�e�: hini lazuti quGurte�quGurte�quGurte�quGurte� (kart. 1970, 219, 1-8) ʻthey had maize.

b) the consonant of the suffix -eseseses turns into the voiced one when added to the particle ja, in the reported speech eseseses → ezezezez : veziefes va aJginez�aaJginez�aaJginez�aaJginez�a (kart. 1972, 158, 28) the Vesires were not able to defeat him/her .

g) when the conjunctions -shishishishi ʻwhen or -SkuleSkuleSkuleSkule ʻlater, after are added to the wordform, the consonant of the suffix -eseseses is lost: – eseseses → e: iparamiTamteiparamiTamteiparamiTamteiparamiTamte----SiSiSiSi < iparamiTamtiparamiTamtiparamiTamtiparamiTamt----eseseses----SiSiSiSi... ʻwhen they were speakingʼ. qog�oykeqog�oykeqog�oykeqog�oyke----SSSS----kulekulekulekule < qog�oykqog�oykqog�oykqog�oyk----eseseses----SkuleSkuleSkuleSkule... ʻwhen they started speaking laterʼ. This is a characteristic of the Archabe dialect. The process of assimilation is also noticeable when adding the particle -SiSiSiSi. -es → eSeSeSeS: iSiteSiSiteSiSiteSiSiteS----SiSiSiSi < iSitesiSitesiSitesiSites----SiSiSiSi... ʻWhen they leftʼ.

There are several different views about the plural form of the S3 in the forms of the Subjunctive (Kipshidze, Chikobava, Oniani). I agree with the opinion according to which the suffix –n can be singled out, as in the forms of Subjunctive, it occupies as stable a position on the synchronic level as –an and -es morpherems in other scrives .

Thus, in Megrelian and Laz, the plural number of the S is marked in I and II persons (by the suffix -t), and in III person by morphemes -an, -es, -n . The model of manisfestation of the grammatical number can be ex-pressed as follows: /-TTTT/ [I, II] ~ [III] /-an ∞ -es ∞ -n/ (I)

§6. Expression of the number of the object in the forms of I and II series

In Zan, in order to denote the object, morphemes expressing the plu-

ral forms of the subject are used. Their distribution shows certain regu-larities and depends on the choice between the object and the subject. On


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the one hand, there are combinations with I and II persons of the subject , on the other, combinations with the S3.

In S1O2, S2O1 combinations, the plurality of the object (both direct and indirect objects) is expressed by means of the morpheme -TTTT:

S2O1pl

____ Megr.: mioJini sqani Goronsˆ do si dˆmazeeTiadˆmazeeTiadˆmazeeTiadˆmazeeTia (Kif. 44, 5) look at your God and help us to make peace with each otherʼ

Laz.: ham oxorJas uwves: g�ai domixenamTiadomixenamTiadomixenamTiadomixenamTia? (kart. 1972, 161-10) was this woman asked to cook food?

S1O2pl ____ Megr.: ma Tqva mujans qorqorqorqorZiZiZiZiriTˆnriTˆnriTˆnriTˆn, , , , xeTe qiqiqiqime‡orome‡orome‡orome‡orofiTfiTfiTfiT

(t. I, 155, 137-3) as soon I saw you I fell in love with you

Laz.: hawi ma bidare, g�ar mogiGaTenmogiGaTenmogiGaTenmogiGaTen (jG. 61, 8) Now I will go and bring some food for youʼ

Plural forms S1 da S2 combined with the plural forms of O3 are not

observed. Thus, the schematic representation of the plural form of the ob-ject can be as follows:

-TTTT[I, II] ~ [III] Ø (II) This system falls apart as soon as the subject expressed by the III

person appears: in S3O1 , S3O2, S3O3, the number of O1 da O2 is ex-pressed by means of the formants -an, -es, -n, whereas the plural form of O3 is not revealed at all.

a) The object is marked by the suffix in the scrives of the present tense: S3O1

pl _ Megr.: CqiT opopopopykoykoykoykomumumumunananananianianiania Tinava (xub. 240, 6) He

would eat us as wellʼ. Laz.: xoJaq iroTe momoGerdinamanmomoGerdinamanmomoGerdinamanmomoGerdinaman (Ciq. II, 88, 7)

ʻHoja is always cheating on usʼ... S3O2

pl _ Megr.: pilaTˆ ni, musˆ gikeTenaniagikeTenaniagikeTenaniagikeTenania? (Kif. 37, 5) What

would my death give you?(make for you)ʼ laz.: ar ϕukaraSi bereq mufe goGogoGogoGogoGodamandamandamandaman (jG. 77, 7)

ʻWhat harm will one poor boy do?ʼ


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b) The Object in the scrives of the Past Tense is marked by means

of the formant-es: S3O1

pl _ Megr: ... patis Tina qofcendesqofcendesqofcendesqofcendes (xub. 93, 28) S/he did

not respect us Laz.: a�a kulaniq memibargesmemibargesmemibargesmemibarges oxoi (asaT. 143, 91-21) ʻThis girl tidied our house for usʼ.

S3O2pl

_ Megr.: qogoZiresqogoZiresqogoZiresqogoZires Tiq uCa dGa ʻThey punished you saw a ‘black’ day

c) The suffix -n will appear in the forms of the Subjunctive: Laz.:

fadiSai mulun askeriTe, Tqva kilankilankilankilan en (kart. 1970, 225, 19)ʻ The Padi-shah is coming, you will be killedʼ

Thus, below there is one more model manifesting the formation of the plural of the object:

/-an∞-es∞-n/ [I, II] ~ [III] Ø (III) The system of expression of the number of the object relies on the

correlation I, II ~ III, which can be explained by a number of factors: While marking the object by means of the suffix -t, I and II persons

appear in the communicative act and their function is repleaceable. This is the essence of a language as a subjective system (Benvenist). However, plurality of I and II persons shows extreme egocentrism: CvenCvenCvenCven ʻwe is me ʻIʼ + sxvasxvasxvasxva ʻthe other; similarly, TqvenTqvenTqvenTqven ʻyou combimes shen you + sxva ʻthe other. In both cases me ʻIʼ and shen you is transcendental in re-spect to the other. Thus, for I and II persons, the common marker express-ing plurality is the other marked by the suffix -t. This works when I and II persons are used in the function of the subject as well as that of the ob-ject. I argue that the II model of expressing plural is derived from the model (I) and reflects subjective egocentrism in the language.

Egocentrism can be objective (De Kurtenet, Jespersen). This is ex-plicitly well-expressed in those languages which distinguish the categories of gender and class. The category of gender in singular is neutralised in plural by means of the masculine gender whereas that of the class is neu-tralised by means of the class of the object (Chikobava). For instance, in the subsystem of Ibero-Caucasian languages, which possess person and class declension, the opposition between a person and an object is still active as one marker of the object expresses plurality (b-), whereas the other marker expresses the plurality of objects (r º d). Moreover, I and II


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persons expressing category of class in plural are formally opposed to III person (d∼b).

At the same time, in all of the cases, plurality is expressed by means of the object (Andguladze).

Relying on the above-said, I argue that in the model (III) expressing number (object) in Zan verb, the principle of subjective egocentrism is preserved (I and II persons are marked). On the other hand, the markers selected to denote the number are the morphems of the S3 which can de-note both: a human being as well as a non-human being. I assume that this model expresses the approach typical of a person and class declension. It is worth noting that in Zan model (III) resembles the system of the plural of the object in Old Georgian, expressed by the Nominative case which is classed as the remaining trace of a class declension (Chikobava).

According to (II) and (III) models, III person opposes I and II by having no marker. However, in proper circumstances, the verb can ex-press MO3 (morphological object). Arguably, this process is connected with the inversion.

§7. Problem of Inversion and Expression of the Number of RS (real subject) in Dative

There are several differing viewpoints about the inversion in Geor-

gian (Chikobava, Shanidze, Oniani, Uturgaidze). Another point of view, which I follow, rightly suggests that the process of inversion relies on a certain grammatical-semantic foundation (Machavariani, Sukhishvili, Me-likishvili, Jorbenadze).

In Megrelian, the Dative is the case of the direct object as well as the indirect object. In addition, in Megrelian, the Real subject of transitive verbs in the forms of III series also stands in Dative, like that of the verbs belonging to relational and static groups.

In Laz, only the Indirect object and the so called Real subject of in-verted forms of the relational and intransitive verbs are expressed by Dative (Chikobava). In transitive verbs inversion does not prove to be as productive. This is because another system of formation of the Subjunc-tive is applied here. At the same time, as mentioned in the literature, the tendency in Laz shows that, in respect of the syntactic power, the in-verted verb-forms are equal to the verbs of the direct order. This process is also testified in intransitive verbs (Kartozia).


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The analysis of the Laz data convinced me that the objective struc-tures of relational- static verbs are often modified, neutralised in singu-lar but less so in plural. At the same time, the morphological structure of the verb in plural is quite stable. Both the prefixes of m- type and the suffixes expressing number -an, -es, -n are testified. The latter is the marker of the plurality of the relational plural. It is difficult to state ex-actly which case form is used by the speaker with the forms denoting RS1

and RS2 number. However, in the case of RS3 this is obvious. In the data analysed by me, the forms in Dative are three times more frequent. I pro-pose that the stability of the use of the inverted construction denoting the category of plurality is conditioned by the suffixes of the plural number. Their appearance grammatically fixed the inversion in the verb. By means of the inversion, the opposition between I, II and III persons was neutralised because RS3 is characterised by + component of the person as it denotes a living being. Consequently, the noun in Dative acquired the function of the subject in all of the three persons which neutralised the morphological subject. In Zan, in all the persons, the plural is expressed by means of the number of the S3. The formants are distributed in the following way:

a) the suffix -an denotes the number of RS of relational-static verbs in the scrives of the Present Tense in Laz and Megrelian as well as in II Resultative of relational-transitive verbs in Megrelian;

b) the -es denotes the plurality of RS in the the Past Tense scrives (continiuous) in relational-static verbs in Megrelian and Laz, and II Re-sultative of transitive verbs in Megrelian.

c) the suffix -n marks RS the III Subjunctive forms of relational –static verbs in Megrelian and Laz as well as Subjunctive III in transitive verbs in Megrelian.

Thus, the plural of the so-called inverted verbs actualises the dy-chotomy subject ∼ non- subject. The subject’s plurality is expressed by the verb (as in Zan, the expression of the system of number is inherently linked with the understanding of the person), whereas the object is not expressed at all (Hence is the non-markedness of the object in III person). The model of the grammatical number in inverted verbs can be presented in the following way:

RS [I, II, III] =/-an ∞-es∞-n/ (IV) This model functions in other Kartvelian languages besides Zan

(Chikobava, Tofuria, Sarjveladze, Jajanidze, Surmava), which seems to be the result of the process of the internal development of certain Kartvelian languages.


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Thus, in Zan all of the four models expressing plurality show that I and II persons are always marked by the formant of the number, whereas III person is marked only when actualised as the (morphological or real) subject.

§8. Expression of plurality in scrives of IV series in Megrelian and in

non-inverted Resultative forms in Laz

The difference between Megrelian and Laz in respect of formation of the Subjunctive is obvious. In Megrelian, together with III series of in-verted Resultative, there exist forms of the Present Resultative formed by means of the prefix no-. Rogava argued that these belong to the IV series forms. On the other hand, Laz reveals non-inverted Resultative and the scrives following it (Chikobava, Kartozia, Asatiani).

In Megrlain, in scrives of the IV series, model (I) is used to express the subject: the plural of I and II persons is formed by the suffix -t whereas III peron plural is expressed in the following way:

In Resultative III – by the suffix -an > a: nokeTebuenanokeTebuenanokeTebuenanokeTebuena (t. II, 270, 26) ʻthey were doing

In Resultative IV – by means of the suffix -es: nokeTebuedesnokeTebuedesnokeTebuedesnokeTebuedes ʻthey were doing

In Subjunctive IV with the formant -n : nokeTebuedannokeTebuedannokeTebuedannokeTebuedan ʻapparently they have been doing sth. ʼ

The So-called inverted relational-static verbs use the model (IV) of expression the number. RS is marked in all of the three persons: in resul-tative III by the suffix -an, in Conditional IV and Resultative IV- by means of the suffix -es, in Subjunctive IV- by means of the morpheme -n.

In Laz, the subject is expressed in the scrives formed by means of the suffix -ere in the following way: in the I and II persons, by means of the morpheme -t; by means of suffixes -an, -es in III person; the formant -an appears in the Resultative forms of the Past Continuous forms _ ggggamaamaamaamaxxxx----terenanterenanterenanterenan (Kif. II, 18, 24) they must have set offʼ; the Resultative I , ex-aorist forms _ qanixi�eenanqanixi�eenanqanixi�eenanqanixi�eenan (kart. 1972, 152, 29) ʻst have stolen. .

The suffix -es marks S3 in Past Perfect of aorist origin: miTxanefe momomomoxxxxTeretesTeretesTeretesTeretes do Cqini zeqie qamorkeetesqamorkeetesqamorkeetesqamorkeetes (Ciq. I, 48, 15) Some people had come and stolen our Zekieʼ

As for the affixes expressing number, -ere is attached to the suffix; in forms formed by the auxialiry verb dortundortundortundortun ʻwas the markers of the num-


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ber appear before the auxilairy verb in I and II persons this will be the suffix -t , in III person, only -es morpheme.

The number of the object is expressed by models (II) and (III) in IV series in Megrelian as well as in non-inverted Resultaive forms in Laz. It can be argued that the Resultative in Zan does not employ specific forms. Thus, these forms are expressed by the already-established system of the language. In the morphological structure of the Megrelian and Laz verb a unifold system expressing plurality of the person is revealed. This sys-tem is stable and unchangeable in spite of a century-old isolation of Me-grelian and Laz.


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Chapter III

Morphosyntactic and Semantic Analysis

§9. The problem of agreement in number in predicative collocations

In predicative collocations the issue of agreement in number be-

tween a noun in the plural and the predicate deserves particular attention. The hisotry of the development of literary Georgian reveals that the syn-tactic power of the plural formed by means of -n, -t and -eb suffixes was not equal. However, in Old Georgian, the syntactic power of -eb is quali-fied as an influence and manifestation of the Western dialectal colloquial forms into Georgian (Kiziria, Sarjveladze, Melikishvili). At the same time, the power of the suffix -eb in Western dialects of Georgian, is weak (Nijaradze, Jajanidze, Kublashvili).

Dondua argues that the nouns denoting inanimate objects or socially passive animate objects agree with the predicate in singular both in Old Georgian on the one hand and Megrelian and Laz on the other. The issue of the agreement in number is seen differently by Uturgaidze. He argues that the agreement between a noun and a verb in number implies the prob-lem of marking on the expression plane. I argue that in respect of agree-ment in number, in Megrelian and Laz, the principally important plane is semantic, though the expression plane also plays a considerable part. In those cases when the marker of the agreement is manifested in the verb, the rules rely on the semantic opposition between the nouns belonging to who and what groups. This is a binary semantic category which implies the morphological opposition between a human (person) and an inanimate object (Chikobava). This opposition is well-expressed in Zan on the syn-tactic level as well.

§10. Towards agreement in number between a who-group

noun and the predicate

In Zan mimimimi (<<<< min) who question is put to the nouns denoting a human being. Unlike Georgian, the pronoun mi can form the plural. For in-stance, minefiminefiminefiminefi, Laz: mifemifemifemife. The syntactic power of the nouns of who- group is strong. In particular:


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1) In Megrelian and Laz, if the subject is in I or II person plural, it always agrees with the verb-predicate in number by means of double marking;

2) If the subject is in III person plural, in Laz the agreement in num-ber is always expressed by means of double marking. My data do not reveal even a single case of violation of this rule of marking the agreement between the who-group noun and the predicate.

3) In Megrelian, the who-group noun in plural agrees with the verb predicate in plural by means of double marking. However, there is a tendency of zero-marking as well. This is characteristic of intransitive verbs. For instance: tinefi re tinefi re tinefi re tinefi re ostatefi ʻthey are mastersʼ; mara si si si sinnnn----jalemk jalemk jalemk jalemk xolo oko m o r T a s i a (Kip. 91, 25) but where from should sons-in-law (brothers-in-law) come?ʼ

4) The who-group subject is often accompanied by the attribute de-noting quantity (numerals: jirxolo , juriti ʻboth type, breli ʻmany, arZaarZaarZaarZa º

arZoarZoarZoarZo, TeliTeliTeliTeli º mTelimTelimTelimTeli ʻwhole, all ). In Laz nouns of this type always agree

with the predicate in plural by means of the semantic agreement; for instance: jurjurjurjur JumaJumaJumaJuma m e n d a x T e s noGaSe (Kart. 1970, 229, 14-2) ʻTwo brothers went to the townʼ; jujujuju koCefekoCefekoCefekoCefe m u l u n a n (kart. 1972, 167, 11) ʻTwo men are comingʼ.

In Megrelian two norms are revealed: a) with the attribute denoting quantity, the noun in plural agrees with the predicate in singular: ararararZZZZa a a a mushamushamushamusha----moxandekˆmoxandekˆmoxandekˆmoxandekˆ o k o g e g m i g v a n a s ˆ (Xam. 115, 76, 31) All the labourers must be fed wellʼ; However, there are exceptions - the predicate may stand in plural: ate jiri ate jiri ate jiri ate jiri JiJiJiJimakmakmakmak otKaeˆSa m i -d a r t e s ˆ (V,II 12-16) these two brothers went huntingʼ ; b) the subject defined by the noun denoting quantity stands in plural and agrees with the verb-predicate in number by double marking: jirxolo xinjalenkˆ dudi g e k o y o f e s ˆ (if. 94, 22) both sons-in-law (brothers-in-law) held their heads up. There are exceptions observed in this case as well.

5) The role of the subject is often played by the attribute. In this case, in Laz, complete uniformity is revealed – both: the verb-predicate and the noun stand in plural: jurijurijurijuri----TiTiTiTi d o G u r e s (dium. 81, IX-107) both ied ; mTeliqmTeliqmTeliqmTeliq G a G a l e s do xasanis u w v e s -q i (Ciq. I, 90, 26) all spoke and Hasan was toldʼ.

In Megrelian, the subject expressed by numeral (arZaarZaarZaarZa º arZoarZoarZoarZo, iri iri iri iri -

all), as well by the collective noun katakatakatakata ʻpeople, agrees with the predicate mostly in plural. The semantic plane plays a major role. For instance:


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guluaS(i) oTxozinSa arZaqarZaqarZaqarZaq m i d e T a r x a l e s (sam. 93, 66-60) all chased Gulua; u J i n e s Sxva kaTaqkaTaqkaTaqkaTaq (Kif. 84, 10) other people lookedʼ. Intransitive verbs agree in singular: arZaqârZaqârZaqârZaqˆ d o S q u r o n d u a (t. II, 22, 20) ʻall were scared; irkocîrkocîrkocîrkocˆ g u u k v i r d ˆ (Kif. 84, 8) ʻall were sur-prised .

On the one hand, grammatical agreement with unilateral and double marking is observed. On the other hand, semantic agreement is observed when the predicate is marked by means of number on the basis of the lexical meaning of the actant.

§11. What-group nouns in Plural and the predicate

Those nouns which denote non-persons in Zan answer the question mu (<mun) whot . This pronoun does not possess a plural in Megrelian, However, in Laz, the plural form of this pronoun mufemufemufemufe (º muefemuefemuefemuefe) is not

rare. The what-nouns in Zan are divided into two groups: animate and non-animate.

Both in Megrelian and Laz, the category of number in inanimate nouns is not expressed in the predicate which reveals unilateral mark-ing. For example: qˆlori inoxen iSi sualefi dˆrkˆnssualefi dˆrkˆnssualefi dˆrkˆnssualefi dˆrkˆns Jas (xub. 115, 19) ʻWhen the pheasant sits, its wings make the tree lean forward . In Laz: oxoefeoxoefeoxoefeoxoefe mTeli iyveniyveniyveniyven (kart. 1972, 15, 16) ʻall of the houses are burningʼ.

The agreement in number between nouns denoting inanimate objects and the predicate is marked if the noun is personified: neZenqneZenqneZenqneZenq qeSexvewesqeSexvewesqeSexvewesqeSexvewes (t. II, 250, 19) the walnuts askedʼ.

In Megrelian and Laz the number of the nouns denoting animate ob-jects is sometimes marked. For instance, it is marked in the following cases: Megr.: xoJefqxoJefqxoJefqxoJefq wKari vaSvesvaSvesvaSvesvaSves do qˆmorTi (kif. 9, 2) the oxen have not drunk the water and comeʼ; Laz: KvaroJefesKvaroJefesKvaroJefesKvaroJefes leSi aCquaCquaCquaCqummmmenan�aenan�aenan�aenan�a (Ciq. I, 69, 8) the crows thought it was a dead animalʼ; Unmarked cases occur more frequently with intransitive verbs: Megr.: Tis muToxeniamuToxeniamuToxeniamuToxenia toronJefitoronJefitoronJefitoronJefi (xub. 134, 4) doves are sitting in itʼ; Laz: msqveriSi berefe jindole oxori muSis molaxenmolaxenmolaxenmolaxen (jg. 57, 38) the foals of the doe are sitting upstairs, in his houseʼ.

Animate nouns create a transient stage in respect of the marking of agreement in number: part of them join the who-group, whereas the re-maining group follows the pattern of inanimate nouns.


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In Megrelian and Laz, the pattern of agreement in number between what-group nouns and the predicate reveals an almost identical picture in the plane of expression.

§12. The problem of Agreement in Number in a Complex Sentence

I analysed the complex sentence with one subject in respect of se-

mantic oppositions between who and what nouns. The analysis revealed that in Laz, nouns of both groups express complete information. Ho-mogenous subjects expressed by the nouns of both groups agree with the predicate in plural by means of double marking. However, what-group nouns show exceptions the predicate may stand in the singular: ar oxois qortu JoGoriJoGoriJoGoriJoGori do mamulimamulimamulimamuli (jg. 138, 34) the dog and the cock was in the same houseʼ.

It is difficult to talk about norms in a Megrelian complex sentence as this language shows similar patterns in semantic and expression planes in respect of marking agreement in number.

It can be argued that, in Megrelian, the morphosyntactic power of the morpheme –efefefef fluctuates, whereas it is maximally increased in Laz. At the same time, as shown by morphosyntactic and semantic analy-sis, in Zan (especially in Laz) in respect of marking the agreement in number between the noun and the predicate, the nouns expressing people (III person) possess a higher degree of power.


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Chapter IV

The System of Coordination in Zan

In his work “The Problem of a Simple Sentence in Georgian“ pub-

lished in 1928, Chikobava explored the structure and mechanism of a simple sentence by introducing the concepts of subordination and coordi-nation. In 1936 he published a monograph “Grammatical Analysis of Laz“ in which he applied the same point of view to Laz and Megrelian phrases. However, he showed that the system of coordination, being uni-versal for Kartvelian languages is somewhat modified in Laz and Megre-lian.

On the basis of morphological and syntactic analysis of the ways of expression of grammatical number, it is possible to specify features of Zan coordinates. While describing the mechanism of coordination we rely on the point of view according to which the agreement in number between the actants and the predicate depends on the number of actants, while on the morphosyntactic level the coordinators should be assessed according to the unilateral and bilateral marking of the agreement in number. Con-sequently, the actant may be classed as a big coordinate, if the predicate agrees with it in number by means of the bilateral marking.

S1 and S2 are big coordinates, as the predicate always agrees with them in number. As for the S3, it can be expressed by both what-group and who-group nouns. Consequently, in Laz, agreement in number is always bilaterally marked between the nouns denoting humans and the predicate; However, it is unilaterally marked with the nouns denoting inanimate nouns. As for the nouns denoting animate things both cases are testified. It can be said that agreement in number between the S3 and the predicate reveals a tendency for bilateral marking, though the S3 can not be classed as a big coordinate, as according to the type of marking it can be both big coordinate as well as a small one.

The similar picture is shown by agreement in number between the objects and the predicate. In this case, the objects denoting I and II person objects and the verb-predicate agrees by means of bilateral marking. Thus, O1 and O2 appear to be big coordinates whether being direct or in-direct. Being a direct object, the III person Object is always a small co-ordinate. The indirect object in Dative is always a big coordinate in the so-called inverted verbs as bilateral marking is revaled here: uGunuGunuGunuGun----aaaa((((nnnn)))) Tina Tinefs ʻthey have it.


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The Problem of Ergative Constructions in Megrelian and Laz

§1. Towards the function of suffix –qqqq in the Megrelian verb

In the literature dedicated to the problem, different vewpoints are

expressed regarding the origin of the suffix –qqqq in the Megrelian verb (Kipshidze, Lomtatidze, Asatiani); For instance bbbb----yarunyarunyarunyarun----qqqq ʻI am writing , bbbb----xantunxantunxantunxantun----qqqq ʻI am painting. This morpheme is revealed in scrives of the Present Tense as well as in I and II persons in Resultative I; as for the III forms of II resultative, the similar is not revealed here which can be ex-plained by phonotactic restraints of Megrelian. Thus, the connecton of this suffix to the choice of the person is also excluded.

I argue that delving deep into the function of the suffix requires tak-ing into account semantics of the subject and object as independent cate-gories of Grammar. If we analyse II person transitive and intransitive verbs according to S2O3 combinations, where S2 and O3 possess ∅ grade of marking, it will become obvious that in the relationship between S → O (subject and object), the noun which projects the vector of the action towards the object is emphasised by means of the morpheme -qqqq. This is the noun in the Nominative case - S2:

xantunxantunxantunxantun----qqqq si Tis you are painitng it atKobuatKobuatKobuatKobu----qqqq si Tis ʻyou are hiding from him/herʼ Thus, on the one hand, there is a nominative construction, in which

the subject is marked by the morpheme -qqqq. On the other hand, there is an Ergative construction (II series) in which the subject is defined by the Er-gative case notwithstanding transitivity of the verb:

[do]-xantu TiqTiqTiqTiq Tina ʻhe/she has painted it/her/himʼ da-tKobu TiqTiqTiqTiq Tis ʻhe/she hid from her/him As is seen, the morphene -qqqq is revealed in the verb and the marker

of the Ergative case, suffix –qqqq possesses the same morphological funciton. I propose the term the morpheme expressing semantics of the subject to denote the latter .

§2. Tendencies of development of the Ergative construction in Laz

In the verb-forms of the I and II series in Laz similar to uninverted

Resultative, Ergative and Nominative constructions were formed as an opposition between the subject and the object. Consequently, the noun in


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the Ergative is always the subject whereas the noun in the Nominative is always the object or the subject of conversed passive. In spite of this regularity, it is obvious that there are different views regarding the devel-opment of Ergative constructions in Laz. Chikobava argued that in Atina Ergative and Dative constructions were on the edge of disappearance. Chikobava observed the opposite process in Atina as well : the subject in the Ergative with an inverted verb: deremenjideremenjideremenjideremenji----tiqtiqtiqtiq isteri vorsi �afi va uziramunuziramunuziramunuziramun (II, 98-1) that miller has not seen such a good buildingʼ.

Later on, similar constructions with inverted verbs and forms of po-tentsialisiare were revealed in other dialects as well (Kartozia). The analysis of this material suggested that grammaticalisation of inversion may take place on the syntactic level as well: RS, the recepient of the ac-tion denoted by Dative is in the Ergative. Syntax sets the line between the paradigms of the verbs intransitive by origin (form) and syntactically and semantically (semantics) transitive verbs . This confirms once again that ergativity is a characteristic feature of actants and not of the predicate.

Earlier, the fact that Ergative constructions are typical of intransitive verbs as well, was classed as “anomalous“ (Klimov). Consequently, this was explained by the semantics of the noun and the verb. I argue that op-positions human-object, animate-inanimate appear to be decisive whilst explaining the appearance of Ergative constructions in Laz intransitive verb-forms. Having analysed the material obtained during the last few years confirmed that Klimov was right while singling out semantic groups of verbs. Similarly, the actants are marked by the suffix -k + ani-mate object:

I explored the data of the past few years which confirmed the exis-tence of semantic groups singled out by Klimov. Similarly, actants with the suffix -k are characterised by positive (+) animate component. (1) ma bZiri Skule dadadadamTimTimTimTireqreqreqreq do bibibibiyiqyiqyiqyiq xolo iZiiZiiZiiZicamcamcamcamtestestestes heSo (abaS. 70, 21); ma bZiri Skule damTire-q Serg do biyi-q Serg xolo i-Zicamt-es Vintran heSo When I saw the mother-in-law and the boy were laughing there. (2) didididivevevevefeqfeqfeqfeq heko wkar-Tis gegegegelulululuxexexexenannannannan do var momCaman-�a (abaS. 112, 9) divefe-q Serg heko wkar-Tis geluxen-an Vintran do var momCama-an-

�a Vtran The Ogres are sitting at the mouth of the spring and are not giving

away wa-ter


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(3) mk�afuqmk�afuqmk�afuqmk�afuq oxotkvacineri iduiduiduidu... (abaS. 131, 17) mk�afu-q Serg oxotkvacineri i-d-u... V intran

The jackal went as if hit by the gunʼ The frequency of appearance of Ergative constructions with intransi-

tive verbs is quite high in the speech of the Sarpi region. This can be ex-plained by the closeness of Megrelian in which all types of intransitive verbs of II series stand in the Ergative.

According to the tendencies of development of the Ergative construc-tion three processes can be singled out in Laz:

a. disappearance of the Ergative with transitive verbs; b. appearance of the Ergative in place of the Dative case with the so

called inverted verbs; c. appearance of the Ergative instead of the Nominative case with

transitive verbs.


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The System of Expression of the Category of Person

While analysing the system of the person, I rely on the point of view

according to which in Kartvelian languages, the foundaton of homogeinity for I, II and III persons is created by the concepts of the subject, indirect object and direct object. These actants possess semantics and formal ex-pression even when the person is formally expressed by ∅ (zero) marker.

As mentioned in the literature, “Grammatical persons present an autonomous morphogical system possessing a unique system of morpho-logical changesˮ (Uturgaidze). I will make an attempt to present these mechanisms as exemplified by Megrelian and Laz.

Chapter I

Markers of the Subject in Megrelian and Laz

§1. Towards one problem connected with v-person marker in Megrelian

The marker of the Subject expressed by I person in Megrelian is rep-

resented by the allomorphes /v-/, /b-/, /p-/, /p-/ , in the position before the consonant , on the basis of homogeneity, although this rule does not apply to all the cases (Gudava; Gamkrelidze).

There exists an opinion, according to which the prefix –v is lost if preceded by the vowel –o as well as before the vowel –u (Dadiani, Put-karadze).

Having analysed the data, such as the forms revealed in Khobi re-gion: duoyarafuanqduoyarafuanqduoyarafuanqduoyarafuanq ʻI will make him/her write, qinuobundqinuobundqinuobundqinuobund ʻI would take/drive them thereʼ, quduonwkaranTquduonwkaranTquduonwkaranTquduonwkaranT ʻwe will put it/them there and other types as well. Arguably, in such cases the initial form must be o-v-o succession, as the original form of dudududu-, qinuqinuqinuqinu-, quduquduquduqudu- preverbs are dodododo, qinoqinoqinoqino, qudoqudoqudoqudo. If the marker of the person was lost, the succession oo would be present; As is known, oo > uo transformation is not revealed in Me-grelian. However, oo > a transformation is common here : si dayarafuanqdayarafuanqdayarafuanqdayarafuanq < dooyarafuanqdooyarafuanqdooyarafuanqdooyarafuanq ʻyou will have him write.

In this case, the following process is expected to appear: do-v-o-yarafuanq > du-v-oyarafuanq > duoyarafuanq. However, this seems less


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feasible, as in Megrelian, the form duvoyarafuanqduvoyarafuanqduvoyarafuanqduvoyarafuanq is commonly ex-pressed. I propose that the loss of the prefix –v in the position before –o is possible in those cases, when the verb is followed by va- (the negative particle); For example:. vavoreqvavoreqvavoreqvavoreq > vaoreqvaoreqvaoreqvaoreq ʻI am not. In other cases, the issue connected with the allomorph /u/ should be taken into consideration as in the form quduonwkaranTquduonwkaranTquduonwkaranTquduonwkaranT, the segment -ov can be replaced by u. Such transformations are well known in the nouns:: qva > *qova > qua (a stone), *orvo > *rovo > ruo (eight).

In scientific literature is been observed that the allomorph /…………/ is re-vealed as an optional variant in all positions, whereas in Zugdidi-Samurzaqano dialect double affixation is common as well: bibbbbskonˆnq // vvvvbibbbbskonˆnq ʻI pinch sb. /sth. ʼ (Janjghava).

§2. Allomorphs of the subject expressed by the first person

singular in Laz

In Laz, the morpheme {v}of the S1-is expressed by the following al-lomorphs: /v-/, /b-/, /p/, /pppp-/, /m-/, ∅∅∅∅-.

a) position #_V :unlike Megrelian, in all the dialects of Laz, markers of the person are always used. At the same time, the allomorphs are dis-tributed according to the dialects: in Atina the basic form is v-: vionaTvionaTvionaTvionaT ʻlet us take him/herʼ, vuwolenTvuwolenTvuwolenTvuwolenT ʻwe will call him/her. Rarely, the allo-morph -b is also used: bulurbulurbulurbulur ʻI go .

The allomorph b- is classed as the main prefix of Vitse-Arkhabe dia-lect in the position #_V. However, in the material analysed by Kartozia, the allomorph v- is revealed in most of the cases: voeTvoeTvoeTvoeT-qiqiqiqi ʻas /when we are , vovovovoCCCCqumequmequmequme ʻI will send it , viCaliSaviCaliSaviCaliSaviCaliSa ʻto do work

The similar situation is revealed in the Khopa dialect: here, as a rule, the prefix v- is also prevalent.

b) V-V position: In Khopa dialect, in the intervocalic position, the marker of S1 is always lost irrespective of the type of the vowel. This is unlike Megrelian, in which the similar fact is revealed in V-v-u succes-sion. Unlike Khopa, in Vitse-Arkhabe and Atina, in intervocalic positions, S1 is marked only by the allomorphs v- and b-;

c) #_C (= b, p, p, m) position: in the position preceding labial conso-nants the subject is expressed by either the zero marker or by the allo-morph b-: dobyumdobyumdobyumdobyum do faGumfaGumfaGumfaGum e-do oxaCqu zamani aprili moxTais... (Ciq. III, 25, 23) I will burn it and sweep it and when the time for hoeing, April, comes, the following forms are expected: dobbergidobbergidobbergidobbergi (Ciq. II, 89) I


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have hoed, gobmkucxigobmkucxigobmkucxigobmkucxi (kart. 178, 17) I have woken up, bmGorarebmGorarebmGorarebmGorare (kart. 178, 6) I will shout . It is worth noting that in the similar position the me-tathesis of the prefix v- takes place in Megrelian: v-muSenq > mu-f-Senq I am working, v-putunq > pu-p-tunq I am plucking.

#_C voiced position: The allomorph b- is most frequently used, al-though it will also appear before aspirated, and sometines before glottal consonants: bZibZibZibZiriririri ʻI saw , bGubGubGubGururururu((((rrrr)))) ʻI am dying, but: bxaCbxaCbxaCbxaCqaqaqaqaTen Ten Ten Ten (jG. 6,22) ʻlet us hoe, bkibkibkibkiTxaTxaTxaTxarererere (kart. 48, 30) if I ask .

#_C aspirated position: the allomorph ffff- is most frequently used: mmmmeeeefCamfCamfCamfCamtitititi ʻI would give, fTxofTxofTxofTxorararararererere ʻif we dig, plough; it is possble to ap-pear with the voiced sounds: dofdofdofdoftatatataxaT xaT xaT xaT ʻif we break, q�efq�efq�efq�efyoyoyoyofifififi (Ciq. 104,24) I have taken it, bought itʼ.

#_C glottal position: as a rule, the allomorph pppp- is used: pkopkopkopkorerererecxumT cxumT cxumT cxumT ʻwe are counting, qepqepqepqepyoyoyoyofi fi fi fi ʻI have taken.

In Atina texts analysed by Chikobava the allomorph v- is revealed before the consonants: vGururTvGururTvGururTvGururT (Ciq. II, 132,31) we are dying, memememendavndavndavndavTaTTaTTaTTaT (Ciq. II, 133,8) let us go, etc. .

It is worth noting that, in Laz, the zero allomorph ∅ which is the substitute of the allomorph –ϕ, under the influence of Turkish, is revealed only with one verbal stem [r]T ʻto walk . At the same time, this is the only stem accompanied by all of the allomorphs: qomobTiqomobTiqomobTiqomobTi, , , , gofTargofTargofTargofTareeee, , , , mendavTaTmendavTaTmendavTaTmendavTaT, , , , momomomoϕTiTiTiTi.

In Laz, m- substitutes the I person marker n- in the stems starting with a sonorant and is classified as the allomorph of S1:. gogogogo----mmmm----wkumwkumwkumwkum (< gogogogo----nnnn----wkimuwkimuwkimuwkimu) ʻI will open it .

§3. Allomorphs of suffixes of S3 in Megrelian and Laz

The suffixes of S3 are conditioned morphologically, though phone-

mic changes take place on the junction of morphemes in Megrelian and Laz. In Megrelian, such transformations are strong in the Zugdidi-Samurzakano dialect.

The morpheme {-s} is used unchanged in the forms of the conjunc-tive which is conditioned by the position of following mood marker -a-. The allomorph /-s/ and /-c/ are revealed in Present and Future forms. As a rule, they are easily interchangeable in one and the same position:

a) stem+ -s /-c : gilgilgilgilmamamamawenswenswenswens////cccc ʻhe/she is deciding b) stem+ -s /-c + u//i extender : lurlurlurlurcccc////susususu ʻhe/she is sleepingʼ


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c) stem+ -s/-c/ + / u+ni coonjunction : vaSvaSvaSvaSrorororomensmensmensmens////cˆncˆncˆncˆn ʻas he/she is not working

d) stem + -s / c + ia/ie particle : cxovcxovcxovcxovrenrenrenrenssss////ciaciaciacia she/he is living Unlike Zugdidi–Samurzakano and Senaki dialects, besides the suc-

cession -s+, only the allomorph -s is revealed in the above-mentioned positions.

In Laz the morpheme {-s} is used in the same scrives, although the difference between the dialects, in respect of the use of allomorphs, is quite noticeable.

In Atina s > � transformation takes place in the forms of the Present Tense, specifically, as a result of the loss of the theme marker -em, -om, -um, -am; Iotisation of the marker of the person is visible following the loss of the consonant element of the theme marker: xirxinamsxirxinamsxirxinamsxirxinams º xirxinaxirxinaxirxinaxirxina�

ʻit is neighing mGoramsmGoramsmGoramsmGorams º mGoramGoramGoramGora� ʻit is mooing petelamspetelamspetelamspetelams º petela�petela�petela�petela� ʻit is

bleating . It is worth noting that the substitution of the allomorph -s by jis also

revealed in the forms of the Subjunctive. The process of the iotization of auslaut resembles the similar tendency in Kakhetian dialect: Tqva� ʻsay , wero� ʻwill wraiteʼ... In Laz, in place of the allomorph /-s/, the zero marker ∅ is also expected to appear if the particle -skule skule skule skule is added. It can be argued that Atina dialect is quite remarkable in respect of phonological processes.

In Megrelian, the marker of S3 {-u} is used in continuous forms as well as in the forms denoting a completed action. In addition, it is used in the complete forms of intransitive verbs. The allomorph /u/ is often re-placed by the allomorph /-ˆ/. In addition, in the Zugdidi-Samurzakano dielact, synchronically, the zero allomorph ∅ is also relevant. One regu-larity is also observed: the zero marker ∅ is expected in forms where the substitution /-u/ by /-/ is easily possible and II and III person forms do not coincide. Specifically, continuous and complete forms with the suffix –i present this possibility:

si yarundyarundyarundyarund----iiii you were writing tina yarundyarundyarundyarund----uuuu > yarundyarundyarundyarund----ˆ ˆ ˆ ˆ / / / / yarundyarundyarundyarund ʻhe was writing. In Laz, the morpheme {-u} is revealed unchanged in the above men-

tioned scrives. The loss of the S3 morpheme {-n} is a norm in the present scrive of

the Passive voice. It is revealed only in the inter-vocalic position. As is


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known, /n/ and /∅∅∅∅/ are interchangeable in respect of the positions: ore-∅∅∅∅ ʻit isʼ, but ore-n-o ʻit is said it is.

In Laz, the suffix –n is always used in the Passive, in the present forms of potentsialisiare.

Chapter II

Markers of Object in Megrelian and Laz

In Megrelian and Laz indirect and direct objects are denoted by one and the same markers. As a rule, I and II persons are marked , III person is not marked.

In Laz, the mark of O1 {m-} is revealed without giving any changes in all of the possible positions: mibaGunanmibaGunanmibaGunanmibaGunan ʻthat’s enough for usʼ, mmmmJJJJoxonsoxonsoxonsoxons ʻI am called, momcitmomcitmomcitmomcit ʻgive it to me, omyofesomyofesomyofesomyofes I was arrested.

In Megrelian, the suffix {-m} if followed by the consonant, shows the allomorphs /m-/, /b-/, /f-/, /p-/ in all of the cases.

The marker of the O2 {g-} is unchanged in most cases, in all dialects of Laz. Unlike Mengralain, it does not disappear in the intervocalic posi-tion either: momomomo----gggg----iGuiGuiGuiGu >momomomo----iGuiGuiGuiGu ʻyou are bringing it.

Unlike Megrelian, where instead of the g- marker, r - allomorph is used, in Laz In the position before the consonant, the main marker is g-: gggg----ZiraTZiraTZiraTZiraT ʻI would see you, megCarumegCarumegCarumegCaru ʻI would give (it) to you However, in Arkhabe dialect g > q transformation is also expected: qomeqcadiqomeqcadiqomeqcadiqomeqcadi ʻI saw you , qCumeTqCumeTqCumeTqCumeT ʻI was the first; qCaptu�aqCaptu�aqCaptu�aqCaptu�a ʻhe must have fed youʼ. The allo-morph /q-/ is also expected to appear before the glottal consonants: eeee----qqqq----yofumsyofumsyofumsyofums ʻhe/she will hold you. Though, in this position the allomoph /k-/ is also presented: kwamanenkwamanenkwamanenkwamanen----�a�a�a�a ʻthey will torture you, okykokykokykokykoooomasen�amasen�amasen�amasen�a ʻI would eat you. .

In the position before the consonant KKKK the following transformation takes place:: gKgKgKgK > kKkKkKkK > kkkkkkkk || kkkk: kkkk----koromkoromkoromkorom ʻI love you, dodododo----kkilomT�akkilomT�akkilomT�akkilomT�a ʻthey would kill us.

In Megrelian, allomorphs qqqq and kkkk are also expected, in most cases, before the succession -rC.


235

Chapter III Combinations of the Subject and Object in Megrelian and Laz

Analysis of the combinations of the subject and object comprises the

number of forms possible in the scrive. This can be one of the specific features of the verb in Megrelian and Laz. As a result of morphophone-mic transformations at the junction of the morphemes, the so-called‚ “co-inciding“ forms appear. The system of expression of number also facili-tates grammatical homonymy.

Like Georgian, in Megrelian and Laz, a transitive verb with two per-sons may have as many as 28 verb-forms (if the combinations of identical S101 are added to this number, it will increase up to 32). These forms pre-sent different combinations. If we discuss the examples of combinations of the verbal stem, person and number starting with a consonant, the 28 forms mentioned above, according to the combinations, will be distributed as follows. I will illustrate this on the example of the verb: megr. bgori, Laz. bZiri ʻI have found, seenʼ

Combination Megrelian Laz (1) S103

S103p b-gori b-Ziri

(2) S201 b-gori m-Ziri (3) S102 r-gori g-Ziri (4) S203 S203

p gori Ziri (5) S301 b-gor-u m-Zir-u (6) S302 r-gor-u g-Zir-u (7) S303 S303

p gor-u Zir-u (8) S201

p S2 p01

S2p01

p b-gor-i-T m-Zir-i-T (9) S1

p03 S1

p03p b-gor-i-T b-Zir-i-T

(10) S102p S1

p02 S1

p02p r-gor-i-T g-Zir-i-T

(11) S2p03

S2p03

p gor-i-T Zir-i-T (12) S301

p S3p01 S3

p01p b-gor-es m-Zir-es

(13) S302p S3

p02 S3p02

p r-gor-es g-Zir-es (14) S3

p03 S3

p03p gor-es Zir-es

Out of these 14 forms in Megrelian (2) repeats (1), whereas (9) re-peats (8). Consequently, in Megrelian, there are 12 different forms ac-cording to the scrive, whereas in Laz 14 different forms are present. If we analyse the issue of the distribution of the markers of the person in the position before the vowel, within the scrives, 14 different forms of verbs will be revealed not only in Laz, but, also, in Megrelian. Constraints on


236

phonological transformations neutralised the coincidence of the allo-morphs of the S1 and O1.

Consequently, all of the 14 forms appear in similar combinations as in the examples discussed above. Although the changes in the combina-tions are expected in respect of the mode of the expression of the number, in the verb-forms of the Passive Voice with two persons, in which the number of the III person object is denoted by the markers of the S3 num-ber. This happens when it is connected with the Subject S3 in the singu-lar. Let us illustrate this on the example of the verb: g-a-yv-i ʻit was burnt

Combination Megrelian Laz (1) S102 g-a-yv-i g-a-yv-i (2) S202

p S1p02 S1

p02p g-a-yv-i-T g-a-yv-i-T

(3) S103 S103p v-a-yv-i v/b-a-yv-i-T

(4) S1p03 S1

p03p v-a-yv-i-T v/b-a-yv-i-T

(5) S201 m-a-yv-i m-a-yv-i (6) S201

p S2p01 S2

p01p m-a-yv-i-T m-a-yv-i-T

(7) S203 S203p a-yv-i a-yv-i

(8) S2p03

S2 p03

p a-yv-i-T a-yv-i-T (9) S301

m-a-yv-u/ˆ/∅ m-a-yv-u (10) S302 a-yv-u/ˆ/∅ a-yv-u (11) S303

a-yv-u/ˆ/∅ a-yv-u (12) S301

p S3p01 S3

p01p m-a-yv-es m-o-yv-es/e�/ez/e

(13) S302p S3

p02 S3p02

p g-a-yv-es g-a-yv-es/e�/ez/e (14) S303

p S3p03 S3

p03p a-yv-es a-yv-es/e�/ez/e

As is seen, in the example (11), out of the two expected combina-tions S303 S303

p, , one of them(S303p) was transformed into (14). This

happens as manifested by the rule of expression of the number of 03p

which can be manifested like this:

S303p a-yv-es: ∅-a-yv-∅S-es0

p Tiq Tinefs ʻit was burnt

S3p03 a-yv-es: ∅-a-yv-esS

p Tinefq Tis ʻthey were burntʼ

S3p03

p a-yv-es: ∅-a-yv-esSp-∅0

p Tinefq Tinefs ʻthey were burnt

(for them) In the intervocalic position, taking into consideration, phonological

transformations of the markers of the person, 12 different forms (out of 28 possible forms) are revealed in Megrelian.


237

Clearly, the ∅ (zero) marker, replacing the morpheme /g-/, has a function of differentiating forms in the oppostion: mo-m-i-G-i ∼ mo-∅-i-G-u ʻhe/she has brought it to meʼ∼ ʻshe /he has brought it to youʼ. Conse-quently, expression of 02 by the ∅ (zero) allomorph, does not change the number of forms differentiated by the scrive markers. In the case of actu-alisation of marking S1 by the ∅ marker, the form mouGimouGimouGimouGi posesses three persons which can be represented as follows:

S103ind03

d mo-∅-∅-∅-u-G-i ma Tis Tina ʻI brought it to her/him;

S103indp03

d mo-∅-∅-∅-u-G-i-∅ ma Tinefs Tina ʻI brought it to them

S203ind03

d mo-∅-∅-∅-u-G-i si Tis Tina ʻYou brought it to him/herʼ

S203indp03

d mo-∅-∅-∅-u-G-i si Tinefs Tina ʻYou brought it to them

The ∅ (zero) marker has a distinctive function (value) in the opposition: S103

ind03d ∼S203

ind03d : mo-∅-∅-∅-u-G-i ∼ mo-∅-∅-∅-u-G-i

or: S1p03

ind03d ∼ S2

p03ind03

d : mo-∅-∅-∅-u-G-i-∅ ∼ mo-∅-∅-∅-u-G-i-∅

In this case the ranks of the actants in the structure of the verb ac-quire principal importance. Thus, in the form mouGimouGimouGimouGi, it is possible to qual-ify the ∅ (zero) allomorphs according to the actants appearing together with them:

mo-∅S1-∅03ind

-∅03d-u-G-i ... mo-∅S2-∅03

ind-∅

03d-u-G-i

In reality, according to the tendency expressed, the marker of the person loses the function of differentiating the verb-form. Moreover, substitution of the markers of the S2 and 0 by the zero marker ruins the formal (on the expression plane) character of the opposition between S ∼ 0.

The similar process observed in Megrelian is also revealed in Khopa dialect of Laz: 12 different forms appearing because of the zero marker of S1 of are revealed. However, in the rest of the dialects 14 different forms are testified. This confirms that morphophonological processes are not as intensive here as in Megrelian.

Thus, the number of grammatical forms in the paradigm of the scrives of the relational verb should not be defined according to the number of different forms on the expression plane. This ranges between 12-14 forms.

Categories of actants are independent semantic categories and thus the forms presented by their combinations differ not only on the expres-sion plane but, also, on the semantic plane.


238

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250

sarCevisarCevisarCevisarCevi

winasitKvaoba .....................................................................................3

nawili I ............................................................................................6

ricxvis kategoriis gamoxatvis sistemaricxvis kategoriis gamoxatvis sistemaricxvis kategoriis gamoxatvis sistemaricxvis kategoriis gamoxatvis sistema ..................................6

Sesavali.......................................................................................6

I Tavi Tavi Tavi Tavi ..................................................................................................9

saxelTa mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoebasaxelTa mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoebasaxelTa mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoebasaxelTa mravlobiTi ricxvis warmoeba ...................................9

$1. mravlobiTis {-ef} sufiqsi da misi alomorfebi ......9

$2. ricxvi, rogorc translaciuri kategoria ...............22

$3. mu- mesame piris nacvalsaxelis mravlobiTis for-

mebi......................................................................................31

$4. CvenebiT da mimarTebiT nacvalsaxelTa mravlobiTis

formebisaTvis lazuris aTinur kilokavSi .............40

II Tavi Tavi Tavi Tavi ...............................................................................................50

piris mravlobiTobis gamoxatva zmnaSipiris mravlobiTobis gamoxatva zmnaSipiris mravlobiTobis gamoxatva zmnaSipiris mravlobiTobis gamoxatva zmnaSi .................................50

$5. subieqturi piris ricxvis warmoeba I da II seriis

formebSi ...........................................................................50

$6. obieqturi piris ricxvis gamoxatva I da II seriis

formebSi ...........................................................................73

$7. inversiis sakiTxi da micemiT brunvaSi dasmuli

RS-is ricxvis gamoxatva.................................................81

$8. mravlobiTi ricxvis gamoxatva megrulis IV seriis

mwkrivebsa da lazuris arainversiul TurmeobiTTa

formebSi ...........................................................................97

III Tavi Tavi Tavi Tavi............................................................................................107

morfosintaqsuri da semantikuri analizimorfosintaqsuri da semantikuri analizimorfosintaqsuri da semantikuri analizimorfosintaqsuri da semantikuri analizi ........................107

$9. ricxvSi SeTanxmebis sakiTxi predikatul Sesi-

tKvebaSi ...........................................................................107

$10. vin Jgufis saxelis mier zmna-Semasmenlis ricxvSi

SeTanxmebis Sesaxeb........................................................109


251

$11. mravlobiT ricxvSi dasmuli ra Jgufis saxeli da

zmna-Semasmeneli .............................................................120

$12. ricxvSi SeTanxmebis sakiTxi SerwKmul winada-

debaSi...............................................................................127

IV Tavi Tavi Tavi Tavi............................................................................................134

koordinaciis sistema zanurSikoordinaciis sistema zanurSikoordinaciis sistema zanurSikoordinaciis sistema zanurSi ..............................................134

nawili II .......................................................................................142

ergatiuli konstruqciis sakiTxi megrulergatiuli konstruqciis sakiTxi megrulergatiuli konstruqciis sakiTxi megrulergatiuli konstruqciis sakiTxi megrul----lazurSilazurSilazurSilazurSi......142

$1. -q sufiqsis funqciisaTvis megrul zmnaSi..............142

$2. ergatiuli konstruqciis ganviTarebis tendenciebi

lazurSi ..........................................................................146

nawili III ......................................................................................158

piris kategoriis gamoxatvis sistemapiris kategoriis gamoxatvis sistemapiris kategoriis gamoxatvis sistemapiris kategoriis gamoxatvis sistema...................................158

Sesavali...................................................................................158

I Tavi Tavi Tavi Tavi ..............................................................................................161

subieqturi piris niSnebi megrulsubieqturi piris niSnebi megrulsubieqturi piris niSnebi megrulsubieqturi piris niSnebi megrul----lazurSilazurSilazurSilazurSi.....................161

$1. v- piris niSanTan dakavSirebuli erTi sakiT-

xisaTvis megrulSi ........................................................161

$2. pirveli subieqturi piris alomorfebi la-

zurSi ...............................................................................166

$3. S3-is sufiqsTa alomorfebi megrul-lazurSi.......174

II Tavi Tavi Tavi Tavi .............................................................................................181

obieqtur pirTa niSnebi megrulobieqtur pirTa niSnebi megrulobieqtur pirTa niSnebi megrulobieqtur pirTa niSnebi megrul----lazurSilazurSilazurSilazurSi........................181

III Tavi Tavi Tavi Tavi............................................................................................186

subieqtTasubieqtTasubieqtTasubieqtTa dadadada obieqtTaobieqtTaobieqtTaobieqtTa kombinaciebikombinaciebikombinaciebikombinaciebi megrulmegrulmegrulmegrul----lazurSilazurSilazurSilazurSi...186

reziumereziumereziumereziume...........................................................................................209

literaturaliteraturaliteraturaliteratura .................................................................................238

wKaroebiwKaroebiwKaroebiwKaroebi .........................................................................................247

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