kuliah 3 kpt6044
Transcript of kuliah 3 kpt6044
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Introduction to PersonalComputers in the Classroom
Chapter 3
Teaching and Learning with Technology
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
How Computers Work
A computer is made up of hardware andsoftware that makes the computing cycle
possible. Hardware includes all the physical
components of a computer
Software includes all the programs (set ofcomputer instructions) that instruct thecomputer how to perform operations or tasks
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
How Computers Work
The computing cycle consists of
Input
Processing
Storage
Output
Each stage of the cycle has specifichardware devices associated with it
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
How Computers Work The Cycle
Or, if the data needs to be stored morepermanently, the CPU may direct data to be
placed on a storage media (disk) When processing is completed, the CPU
moves data to the user as output
This cycle is continuous as long as themachine is on
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
NPUT
UTPUT
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
TORAGE
MEMORY
I
o
s
THE COMPUTING CYCLE
INPUT
DEVICES
KEYBOARD
MOUSE
MONITOR
CPU
PRINTER
DISK/CD
GUI WITH ICONS
OUTPUT
DEVICES
STORAGE
DEVICES
THE COMPUTER SYSTEM
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Software
Once the BIOS program is read, the nextprogram starts
This program is the Power On Self Test(POST)
The POST checks the computers hardware
to make sure all parts are functional If any problems exist, it writes an error
message to the user on the monitor
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Software
If the POST completes successfully, the nextprogram to load is the Operating System
(O/S)
The O/S operates all the hardware andprovides the user interface, the method for
user and computer interaction Windows (PC) and Mac O/S are the operating
systems for PCs and Macs respectively
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Software
Both Windows and Mac O/S use a GraphicalUser Interface (GUI)
A GUI uses icons to represent objects andprograms and a pointer to select and/or startthem
Menus are also available in a GUI operatingsystems to give users lists of commandoptions from which to choose
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Software
The O/S prepares the machine to run otherprograms
Some programs are called Applicationsbecause they apply the machine to a specifictask
Other programs may be Utility programsbecause they help maintain the machine andits operations
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Software
Academic Applications are programs thathelp teachers or learners in the
teaching/learning process Administrative Applications are programs that
help teachers perform the administrativetasks required in their work
Application programs are sometimes sold asa bundle of related software called anApplication Suite
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Software
Integrated software are mini versions of
applications that condensed into a single
software package
All software is written to run on specificmachines so it is important to check machine
specifications before making softwarepurchases
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Hardware
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the chipthat controls all machine processes
CPU performance is measured in terms of thespeed at which it can process instructions
The higher the speed, the faster the CPU, the
more responsive the computer will seem Speed is measured in Megahertz (MHz)
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Hardware
The CPU uses a special temporary storagelocation for programs and user input
This temporary storage is Random AccessMemory (RAM)
RAM size is measure in Megabytes (Mb)
The larger the RAM the more the CPU canstore for easy, fast access
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Hardware
The CPU can store data in RAM morepermanently in storage devices
Storage devices include floppy disk, harddisk, CDs, and DVDs
Users can issue a SAVE command whichinstructs the CPU to move data from RAM to
disk
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Hardware
Input Devices
Include all devices used to put data or
programs into the machine The most common devices are the keyboard
and mouse
Other input devices include alternativepointing devices such as track balls, joy stickor glide points
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Hardware
Output Devices Include all devices that move processed data
from the computer to the user
Monitors display data in the form of soft-copyoutput
Monitors vary in the clarity (resolution) of their
display as well as their size (measurediagonally across the screen)
LCD monitors using a different displaytechnology offer flat, smaller hardware
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Hardware
Output Devices
Printers display data in hard-copy output
Laser printer use heat to affix toner to paperto create clear, permanent images
Most laser printers are black and white
Ink Jet printers blow small bubbles of ink onpaper to create images
Most Ink Jet printers print in color and black
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Disk Storage
Hard Disks
Are typically permanently fixed inside the
computer Offer the largest storage capacity of all disks
When installing programs, most of theprogram is stored on the hard disk for quickaccess
Hard disks can crash so it is important to
backup data on removable media
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Disk Storage
Floppy Disks
Are portable storage with a limited capacity of
1.44 megabytes Are usually used to store smaller files for
back up or for transportability
Hard disks can crash so it is important to
backup data on removable media
Like hard disks, can store both electronic filesand the electronic folders that organize them
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Disk Storage
Floppy Disks
Are useful in the classroom when each
student is given their own disk on which tostore work
Floppy disks may inadvertently transportviruses as well as files
It is important to use a virus checker programto protect classroom machines from possibleinfection via floppy disks
The 21st Century Classroom: Technology in Teaching and Learning
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Disk Storage
Removable Hard Disks
Some hard disks are designed to be
removable cartridges that work with a specialexternal drive
Removable hard disks vary in capacity from100 megabytes to 1 gigabyte
These disks are good for backup andclassroom storage of files too large for floppydisk
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Disk Storage
CD-ROM
Compact Disks (CD) that are read only
(ROM) can be used only to read programs CD-ROMs cannot be used to store files
CD-ROMs use a laser technology to storeapproximately 600 megabytes of data
These optical discs are typically used bysoftware manufacturers to store programs foruser installation
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Disk Storage
CD-R
Compact Disks (CD) that can be read manytimes AND recorded on ONCE areRecordables
CD-Rs are useful to archive (back up) largeamounts of data
CD-Rs require a specially designed disc (CD-R disc) and drive to record data
Once recorded, data can be read on a CD-ROM drive
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Disk Storage
CD-RW
Compact Disks that can be read andrecorded on many times are Compact Disc-ReWriteable (CD-RWs)
CD-RWs can be used like a portable harddisk with up to 600 megabytes of space
CD-RWs require a specially designed disc(CD-RW disc) and drive to record data
Once recorded, data can be read by mostnewer CD drives
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Disk Storage
DVD
Digital Versatile Discs are optical discs thatcan store up to 17 gigabytes of data
DVDs are typically used to store digital videosince video files require large amounts ofstorage space
DVDs require a DVD drive, but DVD drivescan also play back CD technology
DVD-Rs, recordable DVDs, are an emergingtechnology just becoming available
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Computers in Education
Teachers need to be sufficiently aware ofcomputer hardware and software to use botheffectively in their classroom
While teachers need not be technical experts,they do need to know enough to
Use the technology appropriately
Handle minor computer problem Help students use computers
Recognize when technical support isneeded