Korean Spent Fuel Management: Dilemma and Options · A Safety Assessment for the WolsongLILW...
Transcript of Korean Spent Fuel Management: Dilemma and Options · A Safety Assessment for the WolsongLILW...
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INMM SF Seminar 2013
Korean Spent Fuel Management: Dilemma and Options
IL SOON HWANGProfessor and Director
Nuclear Transmutation Energy Research Center of KoreaSeoul National University, Seoul, Korea
INMM Spent Fuel Management Seminar XXVIIIArlington, VA, U.S.A.January 14-16, 2013
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INMM SF Seminar 20132
Korean Nuclear Energy Program: Bright Side
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INMM SF Seminar 2013
Korean Nuclear Energy Program : Bright Side
Most Korean PresidentsStronglySupportedNuclearEnergyProgramDuring Past 60 Years.
President-elect,Park Geun Hye
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INMM SF Seminar 2013
CO2 ton
Korean Nuclear Energy Program : Bright Side
4
010203040506070
USAROK
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
COEcent/kWh
World Nuclear NewsNucleonics Week
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INMM SF Seminar 2013
Korean Nuclear Energy Program : Bright Side
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서울
Gori
Ulchin
WolsungYoungGwang
Operation(23)
APR1400
Plan(2)
OPR1000
Construction(5)
By 2030, Korean Nuclear Fleet will supply 27.8% of Primary Energyand 59% of Electricity (National Basic Energy Plan 2008)
Coal
LNG
Oil
RenewableNuclear
Million TOE
DSM
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INMM SF Seminar 2013
Korean Nuclear Energy Program : Dark Side
Failures in 1986~2004: Decide-Announce-Defend-Abandon
�
� BUAN
1986~1989Ulchin, Youngdeok
1991~1993Ulchin, Yangyang
1993~1994Yangsan, Ulchin
Anmyun-90
Gulup-94
Buahn-03
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INMM SF Seminar 2013
Consent-based Process to the First Success
LLW only Huge Compensation
Spent Nuclear Fuel Management Option is mandated to take similar Consent-based Process
7Car Parade led by City Mayor
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INMM SF Seminar 2013
Consent-based Process to SNF Management Expansion of storage capacity (since 1990)
• Replace the low-capacity racks by the high-capacity racks • Move SNF in the AR pool of the older unit to that of the
younger unit within the same site.• Build dry storage & MACSTOR/KN-400 for CANDU SNF.
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INMM SF Seminar 2013
Consent-based Process to SNF Management
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NPP sites(no. units)
Sat.Year
Re-rackingPool-sharing
Gori (4)Shin-
Gori(4)
2016 Y(1990+)In Progress
Yonggwang(6)
2024 In progress
Ulchin (6)Shin-
Ulchin(2)
2018 In ProgressPlanned
Wolsong (4)Shin-
Wolsung(2)
2017 Expansion +MACSTOR
Total 28 Units
2016 2024 0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000
CANDU
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100
MT HM
Total
PWR
Near-term Challenge
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INMM SF Seminar 2013
National SNF Management Policy & Laws
SNF Consensus Process Committee
Interim Storage: I. Site(s) Selection & Construction
II. Transportation & Operation
Pyroprocess Overseas Recycling
Geologic Repository
Consent-based Process to SNF Management
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Direct Disposal
2013~2014
2015~2016
2017~20242025~
Long-termPlan to be Decided by Consent-based Process
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INMM SF Seminar 2013
Interim Storage Site Selection & Construction
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Ulchin
WolsungGori
Younggwang
ARvs. AFR
InterimStorage
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INMM SF Seminar 2013
Direct Disposal Option (PWR & CANDU SNF)2016 2075
2020 2050 2060 2080 2200 2220
On-site Storage
Direct Disposal
· Site Selection
· CANDU SF
· PWR SF
· Closure
Interim Storage
· CANDU SF
· PWR SF
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INMM SF Seminar 2013
Direct Disposal Option (PWR & CANDU SNF)25persons /km2 503persons /km2
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INMM SF Seminar 2013 14
Recycling Option for HLW Volume Reduction
Spent Nuclear Fuel
Reduced HLWSmaller Repository
Sodium Fast Reactor
PWRAdvanced Safety Security & Safeguards
Interim Storage
Advanced Pyroprocessing
Dirty Fuel
CANDU Units will be completely phased out by around 2050.PWR Fleet will be Continued and Expanded.
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INMM SF Seminar 2013
Recycling Option for HLW Volume ReductionPWR + Fast Reactor Scenario for up to Year 2100
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NuclearGenerationCapacity(GWe)
Cum.
HLW
(m3)
Total
Burner Rx.
Break-even Rx.
Recycling Option
Direct Disposal Option
PWR
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INMM SF Seminar 2013
ILW Option utilizing WIPP Experience
US GTCC-Like (TRU) Low Level Waste-Ambient temperature-very low TRU concentration-public acceptance
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INMM SF Seminar 2013
ILW Option utilizing WIPP Experience
(3.60.E+09, 3.73)
(1.63E+06, 0.30)0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
1.E+02 1.E+04 1.E+06 1.E+08 1.E+10 1.E+12 1.E+14
Hea
t Den
sity
(kW
/m3 )
Alpha Emitter Activity Concentration (Bq/g)
4,000 Bq/g
2 kW/m3
SNF
WIPP Site
High Level Waste
Intermediate Level Waste
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Two-Step Recycling to Achieve 20 Times Higher Decontamination Factor (20,000),
Already Demonstrated on Lab-scale*.
* HS Jung, SY Choi, IS Hwang, MJ Song, Prog. In Nucl. Energy 58(2012)27-38z
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INMM SF Seminar 201318
*Reference: (1) Joo Wan Park et al., A Safety Assessment for the Wolsong LILW Disposal Center: As a part of safety case for the first stage disposal, Journal of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society, Vol. 6(4), P. 329-346, 2008. (2) Il Soon Hwang, Waste Management 2011, Phoenix, AZ, 2011, Panel #89. Other panelist: D. Warin (France), H.A. Abderrahim (Belgium), P. Brady (U.S.A.), M.J. Song (ROK)
ILW: WIPP Standard
Ann
ual D
ose
Rat
e (m
Sv/y
r)
Dose Limit
Ann
ual D
ose
Rat
e (m
Sv/y
r)
LLW: Gyongju Repository
ILW Option utilizing WIPP Experience
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INMM SF Seminar 2013
LL
H LW Vol.Reduction
4,000 Bq/g
2kW/m3
HeatDensity
Long-living Alpha Emitter Concentration
(t1/2 > 20yrs)
I LW withWIPP
Standard
LLW for Near Surface Disposal
SNF
Direct Disposal Option – Most Economical for Now.
HLW Volume Reduction Option.
ILW Option using WIPP Experience and Laboratory Demonstrated Two-stepRecyclingTechnology.
LLW Option by FutureGame-changing Innovation.
Summary : Korean SNF Management Options
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INMM SF Seminar 2013
Proliferation
Accident
EnvironmentEconomy
Climate Change
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Proliferation-resistance
Environment-friendliness
Accident-tolerance
Climate-protection
Economy
“PEACE”
Summary : Options for Future Generations