Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
Transcript of Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
1/68
SAFETY IN THELABORATORY and WASTE
DISPOSALMs. Suzzeth M. Untalan
November 27, 2013
Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
2/68
To emphasize on the safety guidelines in the
laboratory; To know the proper waste disposal in a university
setting.
Objectives
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
3/68
Hazards
Health Hazards
Biohazards
Irritants
Corrosive chemicals
Sensitizers
Carcinogens
Toxic materials
Physical Hazards
Combustible
Flammables
Explosive Oxidizers
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
4/68
Biohazards
Anything that can causedisease in humansregardless if its source.
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
5/68
Irritants
Cause reversible
inflammatory effects atthe site of contact withliving tissue esp. the skin,eyes, and respiratory
passages.
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
6/68
Corrosive Chemicals
Cause destruction or
irreversible alterationswhen exposed to livingtissue, or destroy certaininanimate surfaces;
Corrosive to tissue butnot to steel, few are toboth.
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
7/68
Carcinogens
Induce tumors
Chloroform, chromic acid,formaldehyde, nickelchloride, and potassiumdichromate
Carcinogenic dyes :auramine, basic fuschsin,benzidine dyes
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
8/68
Toxic Materials
Capable of causing death
by ingestion, skin contactor inhalation at certainspecified cocentrations.
Methanol, chromic acid,
osmium tetroxide, uranylnitrate
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
9/68
Combustibles
Substance that ignite at
or above a certaintemperature at whichvapors will ignite in thepresence of an ignitionsource
Flash point: 100deg F(OSHA) and 141 deg F(DOT)
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
10/68
Flammables
Have flash points below
the combustibles Ignite even with electrical
devices that spark
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
11/68
Explosive
Picric acid
Should never be storedafter use because itexplodes upon aging
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
12/68
Oxidizer
Harmless but may initiate
or promote combustionand may cause seriousfire
Sodium iodate, mercuric
oxide, chromic acid
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
13/68
Personal Safety
1. Wear suitable clothingpreferably made ofchemically inert
materials.
2. Wear goggles, faceshields when theexperiment involves
corrosive materials.3. Tie your long hair at the
back or wear a hair net.
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
14/68
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
15/68
Personal Safety
8. Follow all safety
instructions carefully.9. Do not wear contactlenses even under safetyglasses.
10. Do not performunauthorized experiments.
11. Do not indulge inhorseplay or practical jokes
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
16/68
Personal Safety
12. Do not work while underthe influence of drugs oralcohols.
13. Do not work alone.
14. Do not wear jewelry toprevent accidents or contactswith chemicals.
15. Do not eat, drink, andsmoke in the lab.
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
17/68
Personal Safety
16. While performing the
experiment:a. do not hurry
unnecessarily;
b. do not compromiseon safety;
c. take time to dothings properly.
17. Be aware of what yourneighbors are doing.
18. Follow the procedure of
the experiment correctly;19. Dry run proceduresbefore actually using thedangerous materials.
20. Know what to do beforeleaving the lab
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
18/68
Wash hands, face, arms;
Turn off all services;
Check the cleanliness of the lab;
Leave a note if someone is expected to take over thelab;
Lock the door.
Before leaving the lab
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
19/68
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
20/68
Special Safety Practices
8. Each floor level of the lab
bldg should have self-contained breathing maskfor emergency rescueoperations.
9. Maintenance check ofthe apparatus andequipment.
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
21/68
1. Read carefully the labels before using the content
of the bottle.2. Use carrying device for chemicals in transit.
3. Avoid prolonged contact with chemicals. You maydo the transferring in a fume hood.
4. If possible, substitute a non-toxic substance for adangerous chemical.
5. Close the containers after used and should bereturned to the storage.
Handling of Chemicals (General)
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
22/68
6. Wipe or rinse the residual material from the external
surface of the container.7. Use aspirator, not your mouth, in suctioning liquidsusing pipette.
8. Use clean, dry spatulas for solid reagents.
9. Do not interchange the spatulas of differentreagents.
10. Stoppers should be positioned upside down to avoidcontamination.
Handling of Chemicals (General)
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
23/68
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
24/68
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
25/68
11. Do not taste chemicals and even inhale organic
vapors.12. Do not work with flammable reagents such asmethanol.
Handling of Chemicals (General)
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
26/68
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
27/68
1. Acids should always be diluted by stirring slowly and
carefully the concentrated acid into the water. Ifwater is added into the acid, the heat generatedmight cause the mixture to splatter.
2. When using either strong acids or strong base,
prepare suitable neutralizing agents for use in eventof spills.
Handling of Acids and Bases
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
28/68
3. Do not inhale fumes of acids/bases. Keep the
containers covered.4. When opening reagent bottles which may be underpressure, cover the reagent bottle with a towel todivert any chemical spray.
Handling of Acids and Bases
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
29/68
Water
Acid
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
30/68
1. All work involving ethers must be done behind
safety shields.2. Do not stopper glass flasks containing hot,
condensable vapors.
3. All efforts to prevent mercury spills should be made
and such spills should be promptly cleaned up.
Handling of Other Reagents
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
31/68
5. Mercury should never be heated in an open vessel.
6. Never hold solid reagents with bare hands. (arsenicoxide, sodium metal)
Handling of Other Reagents
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
32/68
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
33/68
1. Hold long tubing vertically when walking through the labroom.
2. If you stumble or fall while carrying glassware or chemicals, doyour best to project them away from yourself and others.
3. Use a sharp triangular file when cutting glass tubings.
4. Protect your hands from possible cuts and burns by using apiece of towel/cloth when holding manipulating glassware.
5. Check the condition of the glassware. Do not catch fallingglassware. Do not pick up broken glass with bare hands.
Handling of Glassware
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
34/68
1. Shelves should be steady enough to bear the
weight of the containers and contents;2. Should be high enough that it would be unlikely for
the materials to be knocked off during the normalcourse of activities in the lab room;
3. Not be overcrowded;4. Should not be low enough but not too high to be
reached.
Chemical Storage
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
35/68
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
36/68
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
37/68
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
38/68
COLUMN 1 COLUMN 2
AcidsAlkali and alkaline earth metals(carbides, hydrides, hydroxides,
oxides, peroxides)
BaseWaterHalogenated organic compounds
Oxidizing agents (chromates,dichromates)HalogensHalogenating agentsH2O2 and peroxidesNitric acid, nitrates
Perchlorates and chloratesPermanganatespersulfates
Inorganic azides Heavy metals and their salts
Table of Incompatibilities
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
39/68
COLUMN 1 COLUMN 2
Inorganic cyanides Acid, strong basesInorganic nitrates Acids, nitrites, metals, sulfur
Inorganic sulfides Acids
Organic compounds Oxidizing agents
Organic acyl halides Bases
Organic anhydrides Organic hydroxyl compounds
Organic halogen compounds Aluminum metal
Organic nitro compounds Strong bases
Powdered metals Acids, oxidizing agents
Table of Incompatibilities
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
40/68
Name of the chemical
chemical formula A signal word indicating the severity of hazard
Statement of hazards with most serious first
Precautionary measures to be taken to avoid injury ordamage from hazard stated
Instruction in case of contact or exposure if resultsare severe and immediate action maybe necessary.
Labeling of chemicals
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
41/68
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
42/68
C = Corrosive
E = Explosive F+ = Extremely flammable F = highly flammable XH = Harmful XI = Irritating
N = Dangerous for the Environment O = Oxidizing T = Toxic T+ = Very Toxic
Chemical Signal indicating hazards
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
43/68
Any waste that directly or indirectly
represents a threat to human healthor to the environment byintroducing one or more of thefollowing risks:
Explosion or fire
Infections, pathogens, parasitesor their vectors
Chemical instability, reactions orcorrosion
Acute or chronic toxicity
Cancer, mutations or birthdefects
Toxicity or damage to theecosystems or natural resources
Accumulation in the biologicalfood chain, persistence in the
environment or multiple effects
Hazardous Waste
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
44/68
Responsibility of anyone discardingany items to ensure that it:
It is stored and disposed ofresponsibly;
It is only handled or dealtwith by authorised /registered individuals orbusinesses; and
A record is keptof all waste
received or transferredthrough a system
Hazardous Waste
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
45/68
General waste
Recyclable waste Sharps/broken glass
Biological/medical waste
Chemical waste
Radioactive material waste
Electronic and computer waste
Types of Waste
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
46/68
Biological, but no legal definition so: Clinical
Animal By-Product
Special Waste
So, what exactly is Biological Waste?
Biological waste is often used to encompass clinical (orHealthcare) waste, animal by-product waste and otherwastes arising from biological laboratories;
Biological Waste
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
47/68
The term Animal By-Product is used to define waste
that is specifically composed of animal by-productsnot intended for human consumption.
Biological Waste
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
48/68
Clinical Waste is any waste which consists wholly
or partly of:
human or animal tissue;blood / body fluids,
excretions;drugs or other
pharmaceuticalproducts;
swabs or dressings; syringes, needles or
other sharp instruments;which,unless rendered safe, may
prove hazardous;
Clinical Waste
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
49/68
Waste arising from medical, nursing, dental,
veterinary, pharmaceutical or similar practice,investigation, treatment, care, teaching or research orthe collection of blood for transfusion, which maycause infection to any person coming into contact
with it is also defined as Clinical.
Clinical Waste
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
50/68
Special Waste
Controlled waste that, because of its properties,requires special treatment and control
Includes:
Infectious or potentially infectious material
Cytotoxic and cytostatic drugs (and clinical material treatedwith them)
Many drugs / chemicals, otherwise hazardous
Special Waste
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
51/68
Infectious is defined in the Hazardous Waste Directive
as: Substances containing viable micro-organisms ortheir toxins which are known or reliably believed tocause disease in man or other living organisms.
Normal practice should always be to ensure that
waste leaving the laboratory or practice has beenrendered NON-INFECTIOUS. If you cannot do this forsome reason, then it must be classified as SpecialWaste.
Special Waste
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
52/68
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
53/68
Containers must: be appropriate for the contents; not
leak; be properly labeled; and maintain their integrityif chemical or thermal treatment is used.
Containers of biohazardous material should be keptclosed.
CONTAINERS
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
54/68
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
55/68
Place in a rigid, puncture resistant container (heavy
walled plastic is recommended). Label the container"ENCAPSULATED SHARPS".
Container and encapsulated contents must withstandan applied pressure of 40 psi without rupture.
Never attempt to retrieve items from a sharps
container. Do not place sharps in plastic bags or other thin-
walled containers.
METAL SHARPS
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
56/68
Place in a rigid, puncture resistant container
(plastic, heavy cardboard or metal), seal securelyand clearly label "BROKEN GLASS".
BROKEN GLASSWARE
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
57/68
Use heavy duty plastic"BIOHAZARD BAGS"(autoclave bags) or containersfor solid biohazardous waste
(including contaminateddisposable plastic labware,paper, bedding, etc [NOTSHARPS].
SOLID BIOHAZARDOUS WASTE
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
58/68
Heavy duty plastic bags or other appropriate
container without a Biohazard label are preferred.
NONHAZARDOUS BIOLOGICALWASTE
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
59/68
should be placed in leak-proof containers ableto withstand thermal or chemical treatment.DO NOT USE PLASTIC BAGS TO CONTAIN
LIQUIDS.
LIQUIDS
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
60/68
ANIMAL CARCASSES AND BODY PARTS must be
incinerated or sent to a commercial rendering plantfor disposal. The Landfill should not acceptcarcasses or recognizable body parts.
DISPOSAL METHODS
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
61/68
SOLID ANIMAL WASTE: All animal waste,
including bedding, that is infectious or harmful toanimals, humans or the environment, should beappropriately treated prior to disposal,regardless of the origin of contamination. Thefollowing disposal methods are acceptable: 1. Preferred Method: incineration followed by deposition of the
residual ash in the Landfill.
2. Thermal or chemical disinfection followed by deposition in theLandfill.
DISPOSAL METHODS
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
62/68
LIQUID WASTE including bulk blood and blood
products, cultures and stocks of etiologic agents andviruses, cell culture material and products ofrecombinant DNA technology should be disinfectedby thermal or chemical treatment then dischargedinto the Sewer System.
DISPOSAL METHODS
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
63/68
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
64/68
Discarded sharps (contaminated or not) that may
cause puncture or cuts, MUST be contained,encapsulated and disposed of in a manner thatprevents injury to laboratory, custodial and Landfillworkers. Needles, blades, etc., are consideredBIOHAZARDOUS even if they are sterile, capped andin the original container.
METAL SHARPS
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
65/68
1. SOLID: Place in a properly labeled, leak proof
container; disinfect by thermal or chemicaltreatment;
2. LIQUID waste should be disinfected by thermal orchemical treatment then discharged into the Sewer
System.
MICROBIOLOGICAL WASTE
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
66/68
1. Human cadavers, recognizable body parts: must be
cremated or buried 2. Other pathological waste from human and higher
primates must be incinerated
HUMAN PATHOLOGICAL WASTE
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
67/68
7/31/2014UNTALAN: Health and Safety Committee
-
8/12/2019 Safety in the Laboratory and Waste Disposal
68/68
Adapted from:
- Laboratory Management and WasteDisposal Manual by Mallari, 2008
- Histopathological Techniques by Gregorios2006
- Lecture notes in Microtechniques by Untalan