Konica Minolta Food Color Measurement

Colour and Textile Products

Food Color Measurement in Practice

Manish KapadiaChief Manager - CTP

Jay Instruments & Systems Pvt. Ltd.India


• "All animals eat, but humans feed,""All animals eat, but humans feed,""All animals eat, but humans feed,""All animals eat, but humans feed," says Fergus M. Clydesdale, Ph.D., professor and department head, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

• "Eating is a festive occasion, and color adds to the enjoyment of food."



• Why Measure Color?

• Color as an indirect measure of product

quality or processing performance (eg. freshness, over-ripeness or under-ripeness, purity, refining, mailard etc)

• Uniformity of Color in Production : as Quality

• Color can dramatically influence the flavor Color can dramatically influence the flavor Color can dramatically influence the flavor Color can dramatically influence the flavor perception of foodperception of foodperception of foodperception of food. Everyone says NO to Blue food; blue steak, red peas and green french fries are difficult to eat…!



Food industry examplesFood industry examples


Bread Cookies Fish Eggs Vege-tables

Fish paste

Bean paste

Soy sauce Fruits Rice

Tea Juice Meat Flour Coffee beans

Soba flour Jelly Milk Japanese

sweetsChocolate

Ice cream Natto Fried

foodsBean jam

bunsShiso

Soy-beans

Side dishes Wine Cheese Jam

Flavor-ings Pasta Mayon-

naise Sauces Snacks

Soup Sea-weed

Health foods

Bonito flakes

BBQ sauce

Mochi

Rice crackers

Alcohol

Bean sprouts

Kiwi fruit

Spices

Shellfish

Gum

Candy

Sprinkles

Sesame seeds

Azukibeans

Butter

Ice-cream cones

Noodles

Wheat germ


Bread Cookies Fish EggsVege-tables

Fish paste

Bean paste

Soy sauce

Fruits Rice

Tea Juice Meat FlourCoffee beans

Soba f lour

Jelly Milk Japanese sw eets

Chocolate

Ice cream Natto

Fried foods

Bean jam buns Shiso

Soy-beans

Side dishes

Wine Cheese Jam

Flavor-ings Pasta

Mayon-naise Sauces Snacks

SoupSea-weed

Health foods

Bonito f lakes

BBQ sauce

Candy

Sprinkles

Sesame seeds

Azukibeans

Butter

Icecream cones

Noodles

Wheat germ

Powder

Paste

Liquid

Tablets

Rods

Granules

Solid

Wide variety of consistencies

and shapes

Soft

Opaque

Transluce

nt

Uneven/curve

d surface

Uneven color

Wet

Granule size


Color measurement of processed foodsColor measurement of processed foods

Variations in quality of raw

materials

Variations in processing conditions

Variations in storage

conditions

Production location

Harvest period

Processing temperature

DissolutionPowdering Filling/ Packing Cooling

Shipment

Processing time

MixingOxidation

Temperature

Expiry date

Rec

eivin

g

Ship

men

t

Management of whether the color of a processed food is within a specif ied range or not


Color measurement for agricultural, Color measurement for agricultural, animal, and fisheries productsanimal, and fisheries products

Harvest time

Humidity

Period of exposure

to sunlight

Fertilizer

Soil moisture

FeedProduction

location

Climate conditions

Storage conditions

Relationship betw een

culturing conditions and

color

For determining freshness,

grade, etc.


Various measurement methodsVarious measurement methods

Reflectance TransmittanceTransmission reflectance

Translucentsamples such as seaweed, jellies, meat, soup, etc.

Transparentsamples such as drinks, tea, soy sauce, honey, juice, oils, etc.

Opaque samples such as miso, bread, snacks,

flavorings, beans, noodles, etc.


Color measurement of solid (dry) samplesColor measurement of solid (dry) samples

Portable instruments

Desktop instruments

Directly Directly

Bread,vegetable

s, fruit


8Cotton Sample in Lab

79Yellow Wrapper

1848828Amulite Spread

2458437Veg. FAT

1208819White Butter Presalted

24.52.58538Butter

YI (ASTM E313)The Taste of India

baLYellowness IndexAmul

Color measurement of solid (wet) samples Color measurement of solid (wet) samples BUTTERBUTTER


Wrapped

Wrap sample in colorless transparent plastic or use a glass-tipped light projection tube or

glass cover for measurements.

Wrap sample in colorless transparent plastic or place sample on top of a non-reflective glass plate for measurements.

Glass cover

WrappedWrappedWrappedWrapped

Glass Light-Projection Tube

Meat, Meat, Meat, Meat, fish, fish, fish, fish,

cheesecheesecheesecheese

Color measurement of solid (wet) samplesColor measurement of solid (wet) samples

Portable instruments Desktop instruments


Measurement example: Farmed fishMeasurement example: Farmed fish

To ensure uniform quality for shipped sea bream with the aim of establishing a brand image.

Color control of farmed sea

breamCRCRCRCR----400400400400

ReflectanceReflectanceReflectanceReflectance


Natural sea bream Farmed sea bream

SunlightSunlightSunlightSunlight

Sunlight doesn't reach deep in

the ocean.

Since they are in Since they are in Since they are in Since they are in shallow water, shallow water, shallow water, shallow water,

sunlight reaches them.sunlight reaches them.sunlight reaches them.sunlight reaches them.

Colorant (Astaxanthin)Colorant (Astaxanthin)Colorant (Astaxanthin)Colorant (Astaxanthin)

FeedFeedFeedFeed

Shrimp; Shrimp; Shrimp; Shrimp; CrabsCrabsCrabsCrabs

SemiSemiSemiSemi----dried/ dried dried/ dried dried/ dried dried/ dried feed + Colorantfeed + Colorantfeed + Colorantfeed + Colorant


At first, a net is stretched At first, a net is stretched At first, a net is stretched At first, a net is stretched around the fish pen and around the fish pen and around the fish pen and around the fish pen and the fish are left white.the fish are left white.the fish are left white.the fish are left white.

The coloration of farmed fish can be adjusted by The coloration of farmed fish can be adjusted by The coloration of farmed fish can be adjusted by The coloration of farmed fish can be adjusted by adjusting the feed and the sunlight conditions.adjusting the feed and the sunlight conditions.adjusting the feed and the sunlight conditions.adjusting the feed and the sunlight conditions.


FeedFeedFeedFeed

Reddens

The color of the sea bream is adjusted to a uniform level at theThe color of the sea bream is adjusted to a uniform level at theThe color of the sea bream is adjusted to a uniform level at theThe color of the sea bream is adjusted to a uniform level at the proper timing for shipment.proper timing for shipment.proper timing for shipment.proper timing for shipment.

Feed containing red colorant is given to the

sea bream.


The above values are used as the standard color for determining whether or not fish can be shipped.

Heada* ＝7Dorsal area

a* ＝12

AbdomenL* ＝70

Measurement exampleMeasurement exampleMeasurement exampleMeasurement example

30 to 50 sea bream are taken as samples from the large quantity of fish in the f ish

pen, and the color ing is inspected.



Measurement example: Eggs

CRCRCRCR----400400400400


Example of measuring egg yolksThe color of the yolks can be adjusted by The color of the yolks can be adjusted by The color of the yolks can be adjusted by The color of the yolks can be adjusted by changing the feed fed to the hens.changing the feed fed to the hens.changing the feed fed to the hens.changing the feed fed to the hens.


Visual evaluation using an egg yolk color chart (15 cards)

Egg yolk color evaluation methods

Evaluation using CR-400

Yolk is placed in a container and measured

Search for the color card with color closest to that of the egg yolk.


Color measurement of powders/granulesColor measurement of powders/granulesFlour,

Flavorings,Beans

Directly with Glass Light Projection Tube

Granular-Materials Attachment

Jig for measuring powders

Petri Dish


Desktop instruments


Application example• Measuring a grain sample

Greener means fresher.

Hulled

50mm

8mmmeasuring

area

From Hokkai

do

From Canada

From China


Application example

• Measuring a grain sample

Grains

From

Hokkaido

From

Canada

From

China

CR-410CM-5CR-400

∅∅∅∅8mmMeasuring area



Larger measuring Larger measuring Larger measuring Larger measuring areas are better.areas are better.areas are better.areas are better.


10 consecutive measurements of same position(∆E*ab from first measurement)

Measurement areaMeasurement areaMeasurement areaMeasurement areaØ8mm8mm8mm8mm Ø30mm30mm30mm30mm Ø50mm50mm50mm50mm

Petri dish diameter: Petri dish diameter: Petri dish diameter: Petri dish diameter: Ø50mm50mm50mm50mm

MeasurementMeasurementMeasurementMeasurement


Application example: Measuring a grain sample•10 measurements; sample poured out of and back into container

between measurements (Color difference ∆E*ab from first measurement)

Repeatability for hulled grains at various measuring areasRepeatability for hulled grains at various measuring areasRepeatability for hulled grains at various measuring areasRepeatability for hulled grains at various measuring areas

Col

or d

iffer

ence

Col

or d

iffer

ence

Col

or d

iffer

ence

Col

or d

iffer

ence

∆∆ ∆∆E*E* E*E*

abab abab

CRCRCRCR----400 (400 (400 (400 (∅∅∅∅8mm)8mm)8mm)8mm) CMCMCMCM----5 (5 (5 (5 (∅∅∅∅30mm)30mm)30mm)30mm) CRCRCRCR----410 (410 (410 (410 (∅∅∅∅50mm)50mm)50mm)50mm)

From Hokkaido

00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

44.5

5

From China From CanadaGrain typeGrain typeGrain typeGrain type Grain typeGrain typeGrain typeGrain type Grain typeGrain typeGrain typeGrain type


Portable Chroma Meter CR-410 is ideal for measuring the color of roasted coffee

•Aroma, taste, and colorcolorcolorcolor are recognized as important factors in judging the roasting status of coffee beans.

Simple Quick

Stable

values

Using only the Using only the Using only the Using only the measuring measuring measuring measuring

head is also head is also head is also head is also possible possible possible possible


Measuring coffee powder with portable Chroma Meter CR-410

2) Put cell in stand.2) Put cell in stand.2) Put cell in stand.2) Put cell in stand.1) Pour powder into 1) Pour powder into 1) Pour powder into 1) Pour powder into cell.cell.cell.cell.

3) Measure from on 3) Measure from on 3) Measure from on 3) Measure from on top of stand.top of stand.top of stand.top of stand.

No need to wash cell

Heapcoffee in cell.

Stand flattens top.

Measuring button


Problems with desktop instruments

•Differences due to variations in filling because of coarseness of ground coffee powder

•Differences due to staining of cell by oil from ground coffee powder

•Washing and drying cells takes time.

Wash


Differences due to variations in f illing because of coarseness of ground coffee powder

Although portable, the CRAlthough portable, the CRAlthough portable, the CRAlthough portable, the CR----410 has a large 410 has a large 410 has a large 410 has a large ∅∅∅∅50mm measuring area to average out 50mm measuring area to average out 50mm measuring area to average out 50mm measuring area to average out variations in filling and greatly reduce measurement differencesvariations in filling and greatly reduce measurement differencesvariations in filling and greatly reduce measurement differencesvariations in filling and greatly reduce measurement differences. In addition, the xenon . In addition, the xenon . In addition, the xenon . In addition, the xenon lamp provides high illumination to enable accurate measurements lamp provides high illumination to enable accurate measurements lamp provides high illumination to enable accurate measurements lamp provides high illumination to enable accurate measurements even of dark colors.even of dark colors.even of dark colors.even of dark colors.

CRCRCRCR----410 410 410 410

RecommendedRecommendedRecommendedRecommended

For Top view For Top view For Top view For Top view measurementsmeasurementsmeasurementsmeasurements


Differences due to staining of cell by oil from ground coffee powder

-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

１ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10-2.5

-2

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Measure

MeasureComparison of measurement Comparison of measurement Comparison of measurement Comparison of measurement repeatability using glass cell and repeatability using glass cell and repeatability using glass cell and repeatability using glass cell and coffee measurement jig without coffee measurement jig without coffee measurement jig without coffee measurement jig without

washing between measurementswashing between measurementswashing between measurementswashing between measurements

Measurement repeatability using desktop Measurement repeatability using desktop Measurement repeatability using desktop Measurement repeatability using desktop instrument and glass cellinstrument and glass cellinstrument and glass cellinstrument and glass cell

L* v

ariat

ion

Measurement repetitions

Measurement repeatability using CRMeasurement repeatability using CRMeasurement repeatability using CRMeasurement repeatability using CR----410 and 410 and 410 and 410 and coffee jig with glass cellcoffee jig with glass cellcoffee jig with glass cellcoffee jig with glass cell

Measurement repetitions

L* v

ariat

ion


Wash

Washing and drying cells takes time.

Measure

Measure

Measure from below

Measure from above

Necessary Bottom of Bottom of Bottom of Bottom of cell is cell is cell is cell is difficult to difficult to difficult to difficult to wash and wash and wash and wash and stains are stains are stains are stains are difficult to difficult to difficult to difficult to remove.remove.remove.remove.

Wash

Unnecessary

CRCRCRCR----410 410 410 410 RecommendedRecommendedRecommendedRecommendedFor Top view For Top view For Top view For Top view measurementsmeasurementsmeasurementsmeasurements


Another advantage of CRAnother advantage of CRAnother advantage of CRAnother advantage of CR----410 vs. desktop instruments On410 vs. desktop instruments On410 vs. desktop instruments On410 vs. desktop instruments On----site measurementssite measurementssite measurementssite measurements

Instrument

Lab

Lab

Measurements can be taken Measurements can be taken Measurements can be taken Measurements can be taken easily on site!easily on site!easily on site!easily on site!

Take sample to lab......Take sample to lab......Take sample to lab......Take sample to lab......■■■■With desktop instrumentsWith desktop instrumentsWith desktop instrumentsWith desktop instruments

■■■■With portable CRWith portable CRWith portable CRWith portable CR----410410410410

CR-410


Loose tea measurement example

CR-410


Black TeaBlack TeaBlack TeaBlack Tea

normally what we drink, it has been oxidized longer, tends to have more caffeine and a stronger flavor

Green TeaGreen TeaGreen TeaGreen Tea

least amount of oxidation, can be found in the local grocery store

Oolong TeaOolong TeaOolong TeaOolong Tea

the in-between tea, it is brewed strong and bitter but leaves a sweet aftertaste

Different Types of TeaDifferent Types of TeaDifferent Types of TeaDifferent Types of Tea


Loose tea measurement method

CR-410Attach Glass LightAttach Glass LightAttach Glass LightAttach Glass Light---- Projection Projection Projection Projection Tube to the instrument and Tube to the instrument and Tube to the instrument and Tube to the instrument and place directly on sample in place directly on sample in place directly on sample in place directly on sample in

container to take container to take container to take container to take measurements. measurements. measurements. measurements.

Evaluation is performed using Evaluation is performed using Evaluation is performed using Evaluation is performed using L*a*b* and h (hue) from L*C*h.L*a*b* and h (hue) from L*C*h.L*a*b* and h (hue) from L*C*h.L*a*b* and h (hue) from L*C*h.

Measuring area:Ø50mm50mm50mm50mm


Toward flour Toward flour Toward flour Toward flour whiteness like whiteness like whiteness like whiteness like

that of that of that of that of Canadian and Canadian and Canadian and Canadian and

Australian Australian Australian Australian productsproductsproductsproducts

Measurement diameter: Ø30mm

Measurement example: Wheat flourMeasurement example: Wheat flourMeasurement example: Wheat flourMeasurement example: Wheat flour


The problem w as natural:semolina w heat grains vary in color. The manufacturer

combines both grain and f lour lots to average the color mixtures, but numer ical standards and tolerances are needed to assist operations in averaging the ingredients.

The solution w as f irst standardizing an ideal semolina

f lour using a Konica Minolta Color imeter System, andthen measuring individual f lour lots for their color characteristics. By sample averaging, color variability w ithin each lot w as reduced, and then computer color matching of lots for successful color mixture potential in a

f inal f lour blend became possible.


Wheat flour

Wheat flour is measured in paste form, not in powdered form.

×××× ○○○○

Wheat flour (6g) + Water (8g)

This is the method This is the method This is the method This is the method for color for color for color for color

measurement measurement measurement measurement specified by the specified by the specified by the specified by the

wheat flour wheat flour wheat flour wheat flour industry.industry.industry.industry.


In powdered form In paste form

Diffuse reflectance varies according Diffuse reflectance varies according Diffuse reflectance varies according Diffuse reflectance varies according to particle arrangement or to particle arrangement or to particle arrangement or to particle arrangement or

distribution, causing measurement distribution, causing measurement distribution, causing measurement distribution, causing measurement values to vary.values to vary.values to vary.values to vary.

When particles are dissolved in When particles are dissolved in When particles are dissolved in When particles are dissolved in water, measurement values are water, measurement values are water, measurement values are water, measurement values are

stable.stable.stable.stable.

This is because measurements in paste form are more stable than measurements in powder form


Color measurement of tabletsColor measurement of tabletsMedicines,

Foods

Ø3mm Target MaskØ2.8-3mm Target Mask


Desktop instruments


Color measurements of rod samplesColor measurements of rod samplesPasta,

Noodles

Directly

Rod sample jig


Desktop instruments


Reflectance color measurement of liquidsReflectance color measurement of liquidsKetchup, Juice

Liquid reflectance measuring jig

Petri DishGlass cup

Directly with Glass

Light-Projection Tube attached


Desktop instruments


Cell for Cell for Cell for Cell for transmittance transmittance transmittance transmittance measurementmeasurementmeasurementmeasurement

ssss

Transmittance color measurement of liquidsTransmittance color measurement of liquids

Desktop instrumentsTea, drinksTea, drinksTea, drinksTea, drinks, wine, wine, wine, wine, , , , Gardner, Iodine, Hazen Gardner, Iodine, Hazen Gardner, Iodine, Hazen Gardner, Iodine, Hazen (APHA), European Pharmacopoeia, (APHA), European Pharmacopoeia, (APHA), European Pharmacopoeia, (APHA), European Pharmacopoeia, and and and and USPharmacopeiaUSPharmacopeiaUSPharmacopeiaUSPharmacopeia next to all next to all next to all next to all classic colorimetric evaluation systems.classic colorimetric evaluation systems.classic colorimetric evaluation systems.classic colorimetric evaluation systems.

The new Konica Minolta CM-5 is a highly versatile and extremely easy to use Bench-Top Spectrophotometer with top-port alignment for easy

measurement of powders, granules as well as past y materials in Reflection and transparent or semi transparent liquids and solids in Transmission.

Such samples are t ypically to be found in foods, ingredients, drinks, pharmaceutical, cosmetics as well as many Chemical base products. The CM-5

can be used in “stand alone” mode thanks to the multi language firmware, large colour screen and control key panel, or connected to the optional PC software SpectraMagic NX.


ColorColor--measuring instruments: Rarely seen but widely usedmeasuring instruments: Rarely seen but widely used

Color-measuring instruments are used for color control of a surpris ing variety of items.

Think about all the colored things in your neighborhood stores. Probably a color-

measuring instrument was used for them too!

From ice cream, yogurt and cheeses in the dairy

section, to lunch meats, sausages and sauces, we are working with food technologists to help test and

assure that their final product color has the "eye-

appeal“ needed for retail success.


ConclusionConclusionColor-measuring instruments are used for measuring the color of an amazing range of objects, from cars to foods, paints, plastics, textiles, appliances, building materials, cosmetics, paper, etc., even people's skin!

Let us help you with the latest in color knowledge including color-measuring instruments, color-difference control, etc., so that you can make full use of color-measuring instruments in your day-to-day work.

Konica Minolta Sensing

Manish KapadiaManish KapadiaManish KapadiaManish KapadiaJay Instruments & Systems Pvt. Ltd.

India

Konica Minolta Food Color Measurement

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