Kitakyushu Initiative Network Meeting Summary Thematic ... · 3 5th Kitakyushu Initiative Network...
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Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES)
5th Kitakyushu Initiative Network MeetingSummary of Thematic Sessions (A‐E)Good Practices Replication Models
Kitakyushu Initiative for a Clean Environment
Good Practices Replication Models
Day 2
Rihga Royal Hotel, Kitakyushu, Japan
Toshizo Maeda, IGES Kitakyushu Office
5th Kitakyushu Initiative Network Meeting
Summary of Session A (Sanitation & Low‐Cost Wastewater Management)
1. High potential for adoption and replication in the region: • A number of promising models and good practices available
Highlighted: SANIMAS community‐based sanitation systems (Indonesia), Septage management(Nonthaburi), BOT model (Weihai, China), river management in Korea, water supply in Cambodia
• Decentralized systems: affordable, effective and low operation costs
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• Seed money and operation costs still required (user fees collection)
2. Success factors and recommendations• Cooperation and participation among local/provincial and central governments, develop capacity for replication
• Effective governance,, political commitment and leadership, precautionary approach, public awareness
• Infrastructure development, finance, economic benefits
• Technical assistance
•
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Summary of Session B (Municipal Solid Waste Management)
1. Proven effective models that can be replicated
• Larger benefits expected with more support
Highlighted: Surabaya model replicated in Bago, Cebu, Bangkok, Sibu; and Sto. Tomas model
• Build upon existing momentum, catalyze further replication in th iti d t i
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other cities and countries
2. Success factors and recommendations
• External agencies: Work with cities with high potential
• Local governments: Enlist support of all stakeholders – NGOs, community groups, private sector, media
• Central governments: Institutionalize improvement of waste management through nation‐wide policy, replicate local models
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Summary of Session C (Improvement of WM and Final Disposal Sites)
1. Huge demand for improvement of final disposal sites
• Some less expensive systems/models available for systematic application and replication:
Highlighted: Fukuoka method adapted in Dhaka, Kathmandu, San Fernando sanitary landfill
• Most existing sites can be retrofitted to a certain extent
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• Most existing sites can be retrofitted to a certain extent
2. Success factors and recommendations
• Financial sustainability: waste disposal systems are expensive; charges to users are necessary to lengthen landfill lifespan
• Long‐term solution: Active waste diversion more important –composting, 3Rs with innovative participatory approach and regulation (case of Ooki town and Ube city)
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Summary of Session D (Energy and Air Quality)
1. City infrastructure design has considerable long term implications energy use and air pollution issues.
2. Due to considerable losses across the energy supply chain,
Presented cases: Case studies of energy efficiency in buildings (Tajikistan, Malaysia, Thailand, China and India); air pollution (Philippines)
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implementing end‐use energy efficiency can result in massive savings in primary energy not needed at the power station.
3. Key Points• Political will and strong partnerships are important in tackling these
challenges.
• There are many options to overcome these barriers, if municipalities are serious about taking responsibility to implement initiatives.
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Summary of Session E (Long‐term City Vision on Development & Env.)
1. Long‐term planning and strong vision are important for realizing environmentally sustainable cities
• Based on clear vision, clear and measurable goals are set and supported by policy
Higlighted: Puerto Princesa, Ulsan, Yokohama,Kyoto, Kitakyushu, Minamata etc
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• Implementation guided by goals with collective efforts of all levels of society, respecting local features and traditional culture
2. Success factors and recommendations
• Local governments with Strong political will, long‐term vision and aggressive public education
• Public participation in decision‐making process
• Cooperation with private sector
• Multi‐sectoral approach
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Replication Models of Good Practices
1. Replication is complex and does not happen automatically
•Implementation of pilot projects and sharing knowledge on best practices were insufficient (1st cycle)
• Many projects remain singular events without further replication. Why?
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5th Kitakyushu Initiative Network Meeting
Replication Models of Good Practices
1. Surabaya’s WM model was successfully replicated in 2nd Cycle1. Household‐based composting practice was developed and disseminated
from Pusdakota to other NGOs
2. City government scaled‐up composting with collaboration of others: PKK, NGOs, private sector, media;
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3. New composting centres were set up in the city
4. Surabaya’s model was replicated in Philippines , Thailand and so forth with facilitation by KI programme and others
5. Cities independently assisted others cities to replicate (self‐replicating)
2. Several replication models derived from Surabaya’s case and other successful programmes studied by KI secretariat
3. Key factor – the ‘inter‐mediator’ as main driving force
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Spread of Surabaya’s model to 4 other Countries
SurabayaBago Lalitpur
Cebu Puerto
Princesa
TalisayINDONESIA
PHILIPPINES NEPAL
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Bangkok
Sibu
Cavite
Sankamphaeng
Sri Lacha
Semarang
Medan
Makassar
Palembang
Central Jakarta
Balikpapan
Tarakan
MALAYSIATHAILAND
Kuala Lumpur
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Starting a model in Surabaya, Indonesia (photo courtesy of KITA)
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Waste composition survey Shredding of waste Mixing with seed compost
Temperature measurement Fermentation and pH testsExplaining how to use baskets
to residents
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Pusdakota’s activities
Segregated waste collection
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g g
from the community Fermentation
Household compost basket Selling compost Green streets using compost
Shredding at the composting centre
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(4) Achievements following KITA’s facilitation(photo courtesy of KITA)
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PUSDAKOTA’s compost centre: before and after KITA’s intervention
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(4) Activities of PKK (a women’s group)and Environmental Cadres
Program pokok ke-9KELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP
Organic-unorganic waste sorting VICE CHAIRMAN OF PKK DIRECTLY GIVING TRAINING
9th main programENVIRONMENT PRESERVATION
Recycling trainings
Turn waste into blessing
9th main programENVIRONMENT PRESERVATION
Explaining how to use
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ENVIRONMENT PRESERVATION
(Photo courtesy of PKK Surabaya (top row) and Environmental Cadre of Tegalsari, Surabaya (bottom row)
Waste segregation training
p g
compost baskets Manufacturing bags from waste
Meeting of Environmental Cadres Activities of Environmental Cadres Environmental Event
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Composting and its positive impacts in Surabaya(Photos cited from “Sparking Parks in Surabaya”, Cleansing Department, Surabaya City, 2008)
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Parks became greener using compost Streets became greener using compost
Bratang Compost Centre Sonokwijenan Compost Centre Keputran Compost Centre
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Community and Private Sector Involvement
Green streetsCampaign sponsors
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Award winning community
Award winning housewives group
Entrance to a community
Products made from waste
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Replication in five cities, Indonesia
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Central Jakarta City
Tarakan City
Makassar City Palembang City
Balikpapan City
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Main stakeholders
Surabaya CityCleansing Dept. Kitakyushu City
KITA
Local GovernmentExternal agency
City‐to‐city cooperation
Supports for
Operating 12 composting centresCatalytic role
Distribution of compost baskets
Surabaya City
Figure‐13 Roles and relationships of key stakeholders in Surabaya who promoted composting practices
3. Operation of composting centres
Purchase of compost baskets
5 “Green & Clean” Campaign
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Unilever (Uli Peduli) & Java Post
Other NGOsCadres Pusdakota
Environmental Cadre system (28,000 Cadres)
Supports forcampaigns
PKK
NGO/CBO
Purchase of compost baskets
“Green & Clean Campaign”Community‐based SWM
Running a community compost centreProvide composting trainings (over 80 times)
Technical cooperationDev. of compost method
Private sector
1. Development of
composting methods
2. Operation of a composting centre
Provision of compost baskets
Provision of composting trainings4. Distribution of compost baskets
Environmental education (Socialisation)
5. Green & Clean Campaign
Competition among communities
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1) Replication by NGOs
Pusdakota
NGOCommunity
group
NGO
NGO
Inter‐mediator
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Pusdakota
Pagtambayayong Foundation NGO
City boundary
Community group
1. Training provided to others became source of NGO’s revenue2. Common feature: Strong mandate and high motivation to spread good
practices beyond their operating borders3. Win-win situation for NGOs and KI programme
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2) Scaling up by local governments ‐1
Pusdakota
Pagtambayayong Foundation
Pusdakota’scomposting
centreComposting
centre
Surabaya City
Government
Composting centre
Composting centre
Inter‐mediator
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1. City government engaged others to distribute thousands of compost baskets for household use
2. New composting centres were set up
City boundary
Composting centre
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2) Scaling up by local governments ‐2
Pusdakota
Pagtambayayong Foundation
Use of compost baskets at h h ld
Surabaya City Government
Financial and political supports
Community group
Community group
Community environmental
PKK (women’s group) and
Private companies and the media
Support for the community cleanup campaign
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1. Community cleaning campaigns were organized with the support of private sector and media
2. Similarly observed in Bago city in Philippines and Bangkok, Thailand
households
City boundary
Community group
A community in which where Pustakota is located
Community group
environmental leaders
group) and other NGOs
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3) City‐to‐city & through inter‐city network ‐1
Indonesia
Sri LachaFinancial supports
Bangkok
SemarangKitakyushu City
JICA’s Grassroots Grant
CLAIR
Japan Fund for Global Environmental
Sankamphhaeng
Malaysia Nepal
ThailandUNESCAP
JICA Malaysia Office JICA Nepal Office
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Pusdakota
Pagtambayayong Foundation
Surabaya’s solid waste management
model
City
KITA
Kitakyushu Initiative
ProgrammeCentral Jakarta
Bago
Cebu
Talisay
Cavite
Puerto Princesa
Kuala Lumpur
Lalitpur
JICA Indonesia Office
Tarakan
Balikpapan
Sibu
Palembang
Medan
Makassar
Philippines
Nepal
APFED
Composting practices
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3) City‐to‐city (Case of Sto. Tomas Municipality)
Local government
Sto. Tomas
NSWMCPolitical support
Local government
Technical assistance
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1. Sto. Tomas successful waste reduction strategy was highlighted by a national agency and replicated in more than 20 cities in the Mindanao region
2. The municipality charges for technical training and supervision
3. City‐to‐city replication without relying on external financial support (ideal)
City boundary
Municipality
Local government
Service fee
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4) Replication by External Organisations ‐1
Local government
Pilot projectTechnical and financial
assistance
Replication
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Donor
Local government
Pilot project
Replication
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4) Replication by External Organisations ‐2
Local government
Technical and financial assistance
Local government
Replication
Provincial
Provincial boundary
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Donor
Local government
gReplicationgovernment
Local government
Pilot project Replication
Replication
Replication of good practices by a provincial government assisted by a donor
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4) Replication by External Organisations ‐3
LINAW / PSA Local government
Technical and financial assistance Muntinlupa
City
San Fernando City
Manjuyod City
Replicated project
Pilot project
Dumaguete City
Pilot project
Financial support by donors
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Replication of low‐cost wastewater treatment systems by LINAW/PSA (Philippines)
Programme
Local government
government
Capacity building
PSA programme
(2007 – 2010)
10 cities and 2 Water Districts
Pilot project
Replicated project
Capacity building
Local government
Capacity building
LINAW programme(2003 – 2006)
4 cities
5th Kitakyushu Initiative Network Meeting
5) Replication by Central Governments
BORDA
NGO
Local government
Technical and financial assistance
Pilot project
Local governmentMinistry
of Public Works
NGOPilot project
Local government
Local government
Local government
Local government
Replicated project
Replicated project
Replicated project
Replicated project
Financial support donors
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Scaling up of pilot projects by the central government
(SANIMAS programme under the Ministry of Public Works (PU), Indonesia)
30 pilot projects by BORDA (2000 – 2006)
More than 300 replicated projects under the SANIMAS programme by the Ministry
of Public Works (PU) (2007‐2009)
Works (PU)
NGO
NGO
Local government
Pilot project
Local government
Pilot project
government
Local government
Local government
Local government
p p j
Replicated project
Replicated project
Replicated project
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Conclusions1. KI programme demonstrated actual replication
• Intentional selection of models/practices that are suitable for replication
• Features of replicability: Low cost, low tech, low maintenance, labour intensive, utilization of local resources
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2. Replication models can be used to spread good practices in urban environmental management
• Many potential practices identified under KI programme
• Helpful for designing framework and guiding approaches for other inter‐city network programmes etc
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Application in Bago, Philippines
Using mud‐press from sugarcane
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Vermi composting
Changing to Takakura Method (2 weeks for fermenting)
3 months for processing
Household compost boxes and pots
5th Kitakyushu Initiative Network Meeting
Copied from Bago to Cebu, Philippines
2,000 baskets were distributed by Pagtambayayong (NGO)
Dump site is full
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Seed compost is used under a shadeA small vegetable garden next to a make-shift hose
using compost made from kitchen waste
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Copied from Bago to Talisay, Philippines
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Day 1 Day 11
Composting Workshop in December, 2008 in Talisay
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Copied from Bago to Ternate, Cavite, Philippines
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P i i i k h i TCavite
Participants in a work shop in Ternate, Cavite
A composting centre build by an NGO in Ternate, Cavite
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Application in Bangkok, Thailand
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Din Daeng composting centre
Checking the condition of a household compost baskets
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Copied from Bangkok to Lalitpur, Nepal
Women’ s group preparing200 out of 600 household was200 out of 600 household was
trained after a workshop in
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Composting Basket developed in Lalitpur
Women s group preparing seed compost Bangkok
trained after a workshop in Bangkok
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Copied from Bangkok to Sibu and KL, Malaysia
Participants from 26 local authorities
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Workshop Training in Sibu& KL December 2009
RM70,000 (made in Australia)
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Application of in Sibu, Malaysia
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp Kitakyushu Initiative for a Clean Environment http://kitakyushu.iges.or.jp/
35Source: Sibu Municipal Council
p gComposting In Schools
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