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NAME:

GCSE PETOPIC 1.2.1

Different Body Types Optimum Weight

Weight-related conditions Performance-enhancing and recreational drugs

Risk assessment and preventing injuries

Current Grade: Target Grade:

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BOOKLET OBJECTIVES:

Develop knowledge and understanding of the three different body types. Describe how body shape can have an effect of participation and performance. Understand the term ‘optimum weight’ and explain why this varies according to

height, gender, bone structure and muscle girth. Develop knowledge and understanding of different terms used to describe medical

conditions related to weight. Develop knowledge and understanding of both performance-enhancing and

recreational drugs. Understanding the impact drugs have on the wellbeing and performance of sports

performers. Understand the risks associated with participating in physical activities.

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Different Body TypesBodies come in all shapes and sizes but can be grouped into three basic types

called SOMATOTYPES:

Lesson 1

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SAMATOTYPE GRADING

Lesson 1

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TASKLook at the pictures below and using the chart on the previous page state which somatotype grading they would be giving a reason for your answer?

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

EXAM STYLE QUESTIONS

Lesson 1

Lesson 1

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1) The performers pictured above have the same body type (SOMATOTYPE).

A) Name the body type of these two athletes?

B) Name two characteristics of this body type?

C) Name one advantage of this body type for:

i) the high jumper:

ii) the long distance runner:

2) The performers pictured above have the same body type (SOMATOTYPE). A) Name the body type of these two athletes?

B) Name two characteristics of this body type?

C) Name one advantage of this body type for:

i) the rugby player:

ii) the weight lifter:Extended Writing Question

Lesson 1

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Extreme body types (somatypes) are classified as endomorph, mesomorph or ectomorph.

Discuss whether an extreme mesomorph would be the ideal body type for endurance activities such as long distance running. (EDEXCEL GCSE PE EXAM 2013)

LESSON 2 STARTER

Lesson 2

Feedback / Next Step Advice:

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Name and describe the three somatotypes, giving a sporting example for each?

1)

2)

3)

OPTIMUM WEIGHT

Lesson 2

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The dictionary definition of ‘optimum’ is ‘most favourable’ or ‘best compromise’.

FACTORS AFFECTING OPTIMUM WEIGHT

HEIGHT:

GENDER:

BONE STRUCTURE:

MUSCLE GIRTH:

GENETICS:

OPTIMUM WEIGHT in SPORTS

Lesson 2

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The optimum weight for individual sports performers varies widely according to the sport.

Using your sporting knowledge explain why the optimum weight of these sports performers might vary? (Give specific reasons)

RUGBY PROP and RUGBY WINGER:

JOCKEY and SHOT PUTTER:

LOSING WEIGHT

Lesson 2

Feedback / Next Step Advice:

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People who want to lose weight usually do this by:

BMI

Research using the internet BMI making sure you comment on the following points:

o What does it stand for?o What is it?

o What are the different categories?

o How is it measured?

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HOMEWORK

Using the BMI table state which category these athletes come under and explain the impact this has on their performance?

Joseph O’Brien – Height: 1.78m(JOCKEY) Weight: 55KG

BMI: Category:

Bradley Wiggins - Height: 1.90m(CYCLIST) Weight: 69KG

BMI: Category:

Matt Stevens - Height: 1.87m(RUGBY PLAYER) Weight: 122KG

BMI: Category:

Lesson 2

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Lesson 3 StarterComplete the sentances below using the words at the bottom of the

page:

1) Many athletes have different ___________________, this is often

referred to as their frame size. The bigger your bones, the _________

the athlete will be so their optimal weight will be __________.

2) _________________ refers to how tall an athlete is. Normally

taller people weigh more than __________________ people.

3) ____________ also effects a persons optimal weight as men often

have __________________and more __________________ than

females.

4) Muscle girth is basically the ___________ of a persons muscles.

The more musclesyou have the _________ your optimal weight will

be. Muscla gith can often be increase through ____________

e.g. _____________________.

5) Many people inherit their body shape and size through ________

passed on from their parents. These are often referred to as

____________.

Lesson 3

Genes

Genetics Smaller

Height

Increased

Heavier

Bone structures

Larger bones Gender

MusclesSize

HigherTraining

Weight Training

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Weight-Related ConditionsThere are a number of terms used to describe medical conditions related to

weight:

ANOREXIC:

KEY TERM:

OBESE:

KEY TERM:

OVERFAT:

KEY TERM:

Lesson 3

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OVERWEIGHT:

KEY TERM:

UNDERWEIGHT:

KEY TERM:

Lesson 3

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HOW CAN THESE CONDITIONS AFFECT AN ATHLETES PERFORMANCE?

Each of these conditions can affect an athlete’s performance within a sport. In the boxes provided below state what effects these many have on an athlete’s performance?

EXERCISE

ANOREXIC

Negative

OBESE

Negative

OVERWEIGHT

Negative

Positive

OVERFAT

Negative

Positive

UNDERWEIGHT

Negative

Positive

Lesson 3

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Linking Body Conditions to Sport

For each condition below name two sports where this would help and explain why?

Underweight:

Overweight:

Overfat:

Feedback / Next Step Advice:

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Lesson 4 Starter

WHAT DO I MEAN?

Lesson 4

ANOREXIC

OBESE

OVERFAT

OVERWEIGHT

UNDERWEIGHT

Having weight in

excess of normal

Weighing less than is

normal, healthy or

injured

People who are very

overfat

A prolonged eating

disorder due to the

loss of appetite

Having body fat in

excess of normal

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PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING DRUGS

Why do people take performance-enhancing drugs?

1)

2)

3)

What negative affects does it have on sports?

1)

2)

3)

Lesson 4

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PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING DRUG

ANABOLIC STEROIDSWHAT DO THEY DO?

SIDE EFFECTS?

KEY TERM

BETA BLOCKERSWHAT DO THEY DO?

SIDE EFFECTS?

KEY TERM

Lesson 4

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PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING DRUG

DIURETICSWHAT DO THEY DO?

SIDE EFFECTS?

KEY TERM

NARCOTICS ANALGESICSWHAT DO THEY DO?

SIDE EFFECTS?

KEY TERM

Lesson 4

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RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT

Research the following sports performers who have been caught using performance enhancing drugs. State what drug they used, what effect this drug had and what where the

consequences of them being caught?

DWAIN CHAMBERS:

LANCE ARMSTRONG:

KIM JONG-SU:

Lesson 4

Feedback / Next Step Advice:

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Extended Writing Question

Discuss the use of steroids to enhance performance in athletic events. (Summer 2014 Exam)

Feedback / Next Step Advice:

Lesson 4

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LESSON 5 STARTER

Give three reasons why athletes may decide to take performance enhancing drugs:

Why do performers who are caught taking performance enhancing drugs have a negative effect on their sport?

What type of drug allows performers to lose weight quickly?

What type of drug has calming and relaxing effects on a performer?

What type of drug allows performers to increase muscle mass?

What type of drug can performers use to relief pain?

Lesson 5

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PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING DRUG

STIMULANTSWHAT DO THEY DO?

SIDE EFFECTS?

KEY TERM

Lesson 5

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PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING DRUG

PEPTIDE HORMONESHUMAN GROWTH HORMONES

SIDE EFFECTS?

ERYTHROPOIETIN (EPO)

SIDE EFFECTS?

KEY TERM

Lesson 5

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RECREATIONAL DRUGS

SMOKING / NICOTINE:

ALCOHOL:

Lesson 5

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RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT

Research the following sports performers who have been caught using performance enhancing drugs. State what drug they used, what effect this drug had and what where the

consequences of them being caught?

ALEX SCHWAZER:

NIKOLAY MARFIN and VADIM RAKITIN:

AJ ALLMENDINGER

Lesson 5

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Extended Writing Question

The ‘Tour de France’ in the past has been surrounded by controversy due to competitors taking performance enhancing drugs to succeed. In your opinion which drugs would help

within this event and explain why?

Feedback / Next Step Advice:

Feedback / Next Step Advice:

Lesson 5

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STARTER

In groups explain how the following things can be a risk in sport?

1) Performer Him / Herself:

2) Other Participants / Opponents:

3) Environmental Conditions

4) Equipment:

5) The sport you take part in:

Lesson 6

Feedback / Next Step Advice:

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RISK ASSESSMENT AND PREVENTING INJURIES

RISK ASSESSMENT:

CHECKING EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES:

In the table below state what needs to be checked and why in each sport:

BASKETBALL / NETBALL

RUGBY

SPORT OF YOUR CHOICE =

Lesson 6

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PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT:

In the table below state what protective equipment is required in each sport and why is it needed:

RUGBY

CRICKET

SPORT OF YOUR CHOICE =

Lesson 6

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RULES AND REGULATIONS:

Choose 2 sports and state 2 rules in each which prevent serious injuries from taking place:

Sport 1:

Sport 2:

Lesson 6

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EXTENDED WRITING QUESTION

The ability to identify and reduce risks associated with physical activity is essential to minimise injury.

For a physical activity of your choice, explain how to reduce a variety of risks associated with that activity in order to maintain physical health. (Edexcel Exam 2012)

Lesson 6

Feedback / Next Step Advice:

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LESSON 7 STARTER

Name 3 thinks the referee must check before the following sports can begin:

Football

Netball

CHOOSE 3 SPORTS WHICH USES EQUIPMENT TO PROTECT ITS PERFORMERS, STATING WHAT THE EQUIPMENT IS AND WHY IT IS USED?

SPORT 1:

SPORT 2:

SPORT 2:

Lesson 7

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Personal Responsibilities

Warm-up / Cool Down:

Jewellery:

Personal Presentation:

Clothing:

Behaviour / Sticking to the Rules:

Lesson 7

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BALANCED COMPETITION

WEIGHT CATEGORIES:

MIXED OR SINGLE SEX:

AGE:

HANDICAP SYSTEM:

Lesson 7

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PAST EXAM QUESTIONS

1) Participating in activities like white-water rafting, shown in Figure 5, involves risk.

Other than drowning, identify a risk that could be associated with this activity and a measure that could be used to reduce this risk.

Risk

_____________________________________________________________________

Measure to reduce risk

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________ (Total for Question 1 = 2 marks) (Edexcel Exam 2013)

2) Different measures are put in place to reduce the risk of injury in physical activity.Give three different types of examples to demonstrate how risk of injury is reduced in an activity of your choice.

Chosen activity

__________________________________________________________________________________

Risk reduced by:

a) ________________________________________________________________________________(1 Mark)

Risk reduced by:

b) ________________________________________________________________________________(1 Mark)

Risk reduced by:

c) _________________________________________________________________________

Lesson 7

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(1 Mark)(Total for Question 2 = 3 marks) (Edexcel Exam 2011)3) The performers in the pictures below have the same body type (somatotype).

Long distance runner Pole Vaulter

(a) Name the body type of the performers above?

___________________________________________________________________________(1 Mark)

(b) Describe a characteristic of this body type.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________(1 Mark)

(c) Give one advantage of this body type for:

(i) The pole vaulter

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________(1 Mark)

(ii) The long distance runner.

___________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________(1 Mark)

Lesson 7

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The performers in pictures will have a different optimum weight compared to performers in other athletic activities such as sprinting and shot put.

(d) State two factors that will cause optimum weight to vary between individuals competing in the same event.1. __________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________(1 Mark)

2. __________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________(1 Mark)

(Total for Question 3 = 6 marks) (Edexcel Exam 2012)

4) Several different categories of performance enhancing drugs are listed in the table below.Anabolic Steroids Beta Blockers Peptide Hormones / EPO

Diuretics Stimulants Narcotic Analgesics

(a) Using this information, identify the relevant category of drug referred to in each of the following statements.

(i) Long distance runners are more likely to use this class of drug than sprinters.

_________________________________________________________________________(1) (ii) Weight lifters may use this class of drug to mask the pain of a torn muscle.

_________________________________________________________________________(1) (iii) Archers may use this class of drug because of its calming effect to improve their accuracy.

_________________________________________________________________________(1) (iv) Some performers will use this class of drug to mask the use of other types of drugs.

_________________________________________________________________________(1)

(b) All of these drugs have potentially harmful side effects. Explain why, despite the risks, some performers will still use them.

_________________________________________________________________________(1) (c) Give an example of a possible harmful side effect of diuretics.

Lesson 7

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_________________________________________________________________________(1)

(Total for Question 4 = 6 marks) (Edexcel Exam 2011)

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EXTENSION WORK

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EXTENION WORK