JOINTS(aka…

articulations)

HUMAN ANATOMY

LATIN TERMS that you will find very helpful in

remembering JOINTS!• Arthros = joint• Syn = together• Amphi = both

sides• Dia = through

• Sub = below• Dis = not• Planta = sole• In = into

• Use pg. 268 in your book to identify the various types of joints & examples per the human body!

“Synarthrosis”

“Amphiarthrosis”

“Diarthrosis” (synovial joints)

e. Ellipsoid/Condyloid: wrist

f. Gliding: metatarsals & phalanges

o TENDONS: cartilage that connect skeletal muscle to boneo Pass across or around joint o Can limit range of motiono Provide support

• Dislocation (luxation)– Articulating bones are

forced out of position by extreme stress

– Can cause damage to cartilage, ligaments or distort the joint cavity

• Subluxation– Partial dislocation– Less severe– “double-jointed” persons

more likely to suffer subluxation

• Gliding: 2 surfaces slide past each other

• Circumduction: circular movement of a body part; a combination of flexion, extension, adduction, & abduction

• Rotation: motion that occurs when a part turns on its axis

Pg. 263-267

• Flexion/extension/ hyperextension– Flexion: bending

movement that decreases the angle between 2 parts

– Extension: straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts

– Hyperextension: movement beyond the normal position

Pg. 263-267

• Supination/pronation– Supination: rotation of forearm so that the

palm faces anteriorly (up)

– Pronation: rotation of forearm that moves the palm from an anterior-facing position to a posterior-facing position (down)

• Opposition: motion involving a grasping of the thumb & fingers

Pg. 263-267

Pg. 263-267

• Inversion/eversion– Inversion: movement of

sole of foot towards median plane

– Eversion: movement of sole of foot away from median plane

• Retraction/protraction– Retraction: posterior

movement of arms at the shoulders

– Protraction: anterior movement of arms at the shoulders

Pg. 263-267

• Depression/elevation– Depression: movement

in an inferior direction

– Elevation: movement in a superior direction

• Dorsiflexion/plantar flexion– Dorsiflexion: extension

of entire foot superiorly

– Plantar flexion: flexion of entire foot inferiorly

• Lateral flexion: flexion from side to side

Pg. 263-267

• Abduction/adduction– Abduction: motion that pulls a structure or part away from the

midline of the body

– Adduction: motion that pulls a structure or part towards the midline of the body