Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with...
Transcript of Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with...
![Page 1: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDSAssistant Medical Director, ACUTE
Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Colorado
![Page 2: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Who are ACUTE patients?Who are ACUTE patients?pp
• 17‐65 years old (average 26)• 10% men• Average BMI on admission 12.5 kg/m2• Wide variety of pre admission function• Wide variety of pre‐admission function• Average length of stay around 2 weeks• From all over the country
![Page 3: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Falling through the cracksFalling through the cracksg gg g
Too medically sick for me… ytoo mentally ill for you
![Page 4: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Objectives: Motivation!Objectives: Motivation!jj
• Help empower you to translate to your p p y yclient:– The medical complications of severe caloricThe medical complications of severe caloric restriction and underweight
– The medical complications of severe purgingp p g g– The best practices of refeeding and detoxification from purging (advocate, p g g (educator)
– How to use knowledge of medical problems to promote recovery
![Page 5: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Format: Discuss…Format: Discuss…
• Two cases• (Some) pathophysiologyp p y gy• Best practices to manage/fix• What we say to our patients• What we say to our patients• Literature/evidence
![Page 6: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What is definitive stabilization?What is definitive stabilization?
• Use best medical evidence to provide safe• Use best medical evidence to provide safe, sensible, supported multidisciplinary care until patients meet our discharge criteria: p g– 2000‐3500 (oral) a day: sufficient to be gaining >1 kg lean weight weekly
– Labs normal or normalizing– Completed refeeding syndrome and no longer on electrolyte repletionelectrolyte repletion
– Bowels working, minimal edema (fluid overload)– Physically strong enough to transfer to mental health y y g gsetting
![Page 7: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Medical complicationsMedical complicationspp
• In AN‐R– Organ dysfunction due to under‐weight and malnutrition
– High risk for refeeding syndrome
• In purging (AN or BN) – Type of purging used, frequency, and durationyp p g g , q y,– Detox can be complicated too
![Page 8: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The good news:The good news:gg
Nearly all medical complications canNearly all medical complications can resolve with consistent nutrition and
full weight restorationfull weight restoration
![Page 9: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Case: ANCase: AN‐‐RR
• A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop
• Over two years weight 34 kg 163 cm tall 60% IBW BMIOver two years, weight 34 kg, 163 cm tall, 60% IBW, BMI 12.5 kg/m2
• Insists on outpatient care the whole time• Has good energy and works full‐time, volunteers minimal
symptoms except early fullness when she eatsL b “fi ” j t i i h li t t d• Labs are fine …just some increase in her liver tests and a low white blood cell count
• Finally team and family insist on admission to a programy y p g
![Page 10: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Case: ANCase: AN‐‐RR
• On further questioning:– Episodes of feeling sweaty and lightheadedS d ki f k b h– Stopped working out a few weeks ago because she was too fatigued
• She struggles with any sense she’s ill• She struggles with any sense she s ill– Discounts words of concern and over‐values statements of normalcy/praise
![Page 11: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ANAN‐‐RR
• Refeeding syndrome• Gastroparesis
O t i• Osteoporosis• Low cell counts• HepatitisHepatitis• Hypoglycemia• Vital sign abnormalities• Cardiac abnormalities
![Page 12: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Refeeding syndromeRefeeding syndromeg yg y
Potentially deadly syndrome that occurs when a starved person begins to take in p g
nutrition
![Page 13: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Refeeding syndromeRefeeding syndrome
Ph h
g yg y
PhosphorousFood (carbohydrates)
consumedconsumedMetabolism of food pulls
phosphorous into ll d fcells, used for
energy building blocks
Low serum phosphorous
![Page 14: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Refeeding syndromeRefeeding syndromeg yg y
• Low phosphorous can be dangerous…or deadly• Full‐blown refeeding syndrome
i f il– Respiratory failure– Red and white blood cell dysfunction– Muscle breakdown– Seizures– Congestive heart failure– Cardiac arrestCardiac arrest
• Refeeding hypophosphatemia can be caught and corrected before complications
![Page 15: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Refeeding syndromeRefeeding syndromeg yg y
• Close monitoring prevents full‐blown syndromeClose monitoring prevents full blown syndrome– Start calories around 1400‐2000/day, low salt, <40% kcals from carbohydrates
• Important Australian contributions at the leading edge
– Intensive dietician input and supportAdvance by 400 kcal every 3 days checking– Advance by 400 kcal every 3 days, checking phosphorus levels daily in week 1, replete <3 mg/dL
– Encourage leg elevation, compression stockingsg g p g
Whitelaw M, Gilbertson H, Lam PY, Sawyer SM. Does aggressive refeeding in hospitalized adolescents with anorexia
Kohn MR. Madden S. Clarke SD. Refeeding in anreoxa nervosa: increased safety and efficiency through
nervosa result in increased hypophosphatemia? J Adolesc Health 2010;46:577‐582
understanding the pathophysiology of protein calorie malnutrition. Curr OpinPediatr 2011;23:390‐394
![Page 16: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
GastroparesisGastroparesispp
• Loss of normal stomach peristalsis (movement)– Causes early fullness, nausea, bloating, gassiness
– Nearly universal in severe underweight– Rarely is a nuclear med emptying study needed in this population
![Page 17: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
GastroparesisGastroparesispp
W S ll lWorsens- High fiber diets
- Smaller meals- Liquids/semi‐solidsL fib- Long time
underweightHigh fat diet
- Low fiber- With caution, metoclopramide 2 5- High fat diet
- Large mealsmetoclopramide 2.5 mg before meals, or erythromycin…limit y ytime use
Helps
![Page 18: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
What we tell our patients:What we tell our patients:pp
• Your weight has fallen so low that your whole body is slowing down to conserve energybody is slowing down to conserve energy.
• This should fully resolve once you have restored your weight.your weight.
![Page 19: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
PancytopeniaPancytopeniay py p
• Gelatinous Marrow• Gelatinous Marrow Transformation
R l t f ll d i– Replacement of cell‐producing marrow with an acellular “goo” due to starvationgoo due to starvation
– All cell lines may be affected– Source of inappropriate– Source of inappropriate workup
![Page 20: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
What we tell our patients: What we tell our patients: pp
• Your bone marrow is so starved, it’s stopped producing blood cells
ll f ll h h• It will fully recover with weight restoration• You don’t need a bone marrow biopsy or any � di i t l t thi i ’t�medicines to s mulate your marrow…this isn’t a marrow problem, it’s a starvation problem.
![Page 21: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Vital signsVital signsgg
• Vital signs abnormalities highly prevalent• Adaptive, compensatory responses to malnutrition, “hibernation mode”– Bradycardia at rest (vagal tone)– Tachycardia with movement
• Deconditioning, not orthostasis• Helps distinguish between “athetic” and “starved”heart
Hypotension hypothermia– Hypotension, hypothermia
![Page 22: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
What we tell our patients:What we tell our patients:pp
• Your heart rate is abnormally low and high because you are underweight and weak.
S dd di d th t f 30% f d th i– Sudden cardiac death accounts for 30% of deaths in anorexia, and we don’t exactly know what triggers the heart to stop.
• A human shouldn’t have hibernating vital signs. Your metabolism has slowed way down.– As soon as you you start to eat consistently, your furnace will turn back on.
![Page 23: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
OsteoporosisOsteoporosispp
• The one potentially irreversible complication– Onset of bone loss is rapid (2.5%/year) and severe
– By the end of the second decade, more than 90% of peak bone mass has been h d h l hachieved in healthy woman: in
adolescent‐onset AN this never occursHi hl l t– Highly prevalent
Mehler PS, Cleary BS, Gaudiani JL. Osteoporosis in anorexia nervosa. Eat Disord2011;19:194‐202
![Page 24: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
OsteoporosisOsteoporosispp
• Gold standard: weight restorationGold standard: weight restoration– Until resumption of menstrual cycle in women– 2010 Spanish study compared BMD improvement in p y p pAN patients restoring weight (20% mean increase in weight) with those who did not gain weight
A 2 i h d i d b d i 2• At 2 years, gainers had improved bone density 2 to 5%
• Non‐gainers had lost 1% to 4% bone densityNon gainers had lost 1% to 4% bone density
Olmos JM et al. Time course of bone loss in patients with anorexia nervosa. Int J Eat Disord 2010;43(6):537‐42
![Page 25: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
OsteoporosisOsteoporosispp
• EstrogenEstrogen– Virtually all RCTs conclude just say noconclude…just say no to estrogen
– Use obscures theUse obscures the benefits of natural menstrual cycle resumption (and precipitates monthly bl d l )blood loss)
![Page 26: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Osteoporosis: ExerciseOsteoporosis: Exercisepp
• Doesn’t exercise help bone density?• Doesn t exercise help bone density?• While underweight: exercise worsens bone densitydensity
• Once restored: even intense exercise helps bone densitybone density
Waugh EJ et al. Effects of exercise on bone mass in young women with anorexia nervosa. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 May;43(5):755‐63
![Page 27: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
What we tell our patients:What we tell our patients:pp
• Serious exercise is a privilege of recovery.
![Page 28: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
OsteoporosisOsteoporosispp
• Men– Men typically have 1/3 the rate
f t ti hi d t b lof osteoporotic hip and vertebral fracture rates of women
– Men with AN had greater loss ofMen with AN had greater loss of bone than women even though men typically had shorter duration of their disorderduration of their disorder
– Men may fracture at higher bone density level than womeny
Mehler PS et al. High risk of osteoporosis in male patients with eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord2008;41(7):666‐72.
![Page 29: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
HepatitisHepatitispp
• Liver function tests (LFTs) are often elevated in severe AN• *Starvation mediated*:
• Autophagy on biopsy, recovers with p gy p y,refeeding.
• More common. • Often worsens for 1st week of refeeding.
• Refeeding mediated: S h i i i h l d f di• Steatohepatitis, recovers with slowed refeeding
![Page 30: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
HypoglycemiaHypoglycemiayp g yyp g y
P i ll d dl• Potentially deadly–Glucoses < 60 mg/dL are low– In underweight, result from depletion of glucose “building blocks” in liverg g
– Liver tests > 3 x normal predict hypoglycemiahypoglycemia
![Page 31: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Case: PurgingCase: Purgingg gg g
• A 46 year old woman with a lifetime of AN‐BP presents again for admission. She has a BMI of 14 kg/m2.
![Page 32: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Case: PurgingCase: Purgingg gg g
• 50 stimulant laxatives daily• Purges by vomiting “up to 30 times daily”• GP has prescribed lots of oral potassium pills• In treatment may gain 5‐10 kg of water weight within days
• Often fails to have a BM for 2 weeks straight• Her cheeks typically swell painfully in treatment• She leaves AMA a lot
![Page 33: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Case: PurgingCase: Purgingg gg g
• Sodium 123, potassium 1.9, bicarb 42, BUN 31 and Cr is 1.1
d h h• Parotid hypertrophy
![Page 34: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Purging (AN or BN)Purging (AN or BN)g g ( )g g ( )
• Properly managing volume depletion (dehydration)
d l l d• Avoiding volume overload• The potassium problem• Constipation and the perils of laxatives
![Page 35: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
PseudoPseudo‐‐Bartter SyndromeBartter Syndromeyy
S d• Secondary hyperaldosteronism
• Responsible for swelling• Responsible for swelling after purging cessation
• Causes urinary K loss• Causes urinary K loss• Resolves after 2 weeks of hydrated stateof hydrated state
Bahia A. Mascolo M. Gaudiani JL. Mehler PS. PseudoBartter syndrome in eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2012;45(1): 150‐3
![Page 36: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
PseudoPseudo‐‐Bartter SyndromeBartter Syndromeyy
• Key points to treat1. Stop purging2. Slowly give IV fluid (no faster than 50 ml/hr)3. (Or follow low sodium diet and 2‐3 liters
fluid a day), feet up4. Treat the hormone over‐production until
body downregulates
![Page 37: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
PseudoPseudo‐‐Bartter SyndromeBartter Syndromeyy
• To prevent edema from Pseudo‐Bartter pSyndrome
![Page 38: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Perils of stimulant usePerils of stimulant use
• Constipation universal in severe underweightunderweight–Slowed GI transit
• High fiber worsens at low weights
![Page 39: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
ConstipationConstipationpp
• Manage expectantly– Set expectations for normal range of p gbowel function
–Polyethylene glycol no stimulantsPolyethylene glycol, no stimulants– Intestine works best at K of 4.5 or so
![Page 40: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
XX‐‐ray promiseray promisey py p
![Page 41: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
XX‐‐ray promiseray promisey py p
• Minimal stool?
• Lots of stool?• Lots of stool?
![Page 42: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Cathartic Colon SyndromeCathartic Colon Syndromeyy
A.K.A “Why we don’t taper stimulant laxatives…we STOP them”laxatives…we STOP them
![Page 43: Jennifer L. Gaudiani, MD, CEDS - iaedp · • A 23 year old started an intense workout program with her sorority sisters…couldn’t stop ... – Start calories around 1400‐2000/day,](https://reader034.fdocuments.in/reader034/viewer/2022043022/5f3d9c278ffe012a144a63ed/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Questions?Questions?QQ