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What do you already know in the immediate area concerned?

Green energy is energy that is produced in a manner that has less of a negative impact to theenvironment than energy sources like fossil fuels, which are often produced with harmful side

effects. Greener types of energy that often come to mind are solar, wind, geothermal and hydro

energy. There are several more, even including nuclear energy, that is sometimes considered agreen energy source because of its lower waste output relative to energy sources such as coal oroil.

The goal of green energy is generally to create power with as little pollution as possible produced

as a by-product. Every form of energy collection will result in some pollution, but those that aregreen are known to cause less than those that are not. Most people who advocate greener sources

of energy claim that the result of worldwide use of green energy will result in the ability topreserve the planet for a longer time. Greenhouse gases, a by-product of traditional sources of

energy such as fossil fuels are thought to be causing global warming, or the process of the Earthheating up at an accelerated pace.

It is not completely necessary for green energy sources to come from places like solar or windfields, which are examples of green power plants. A green energy source can be a building that

is designed in a way that it keeps itself cool in the daytime and heated in the night through itsarchitectural design rather than having an air-conditioning or a heating system. The conservation

of energy through architectural design becomes, itself, a green energy source.

Similarly, many sources of green energy can come directly from the area in which the energy isneeded rather than from an outside source. A residence, for example, can be covered with solar

panels for the purpose of collecting energy to be used for electricity. When utilized properly,surplus energy is often produced in this manner, which can be sent back through the local power

grid and used at other destinations.

One of the goals of green energy technology is to take existing fossil fuel energy technology andclean it up so it is produced more cleanly. One such case is that of clean coal technology, where

scientists are trying to find ways to extract energy from coal and other fossil fuels without all ofthe harmful side effects. The success of such these types of green energy depend upon the ability

to extract harmful by-products from fossil fuels while not only being energy efficient, but bybeing cost efficient as well.

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What are the characteristics of the key concepts, factor or variables?

key concept of green energy

the energy generated by reducing the negative impact on the environment.

variable green energy

heat energy, electrical energy, wind energy, water energy, Geothermal energy, biomass energy.

What are the relationships between these key concepts, factor or variables?

variable that is used to produce the energy we want.

for example, to produce light energy as light that is in our home now, variables used are ditukatenergy to thermal energy and thus produce light energy. but we realize that the heat generated is

nagetif impact on the environment. Key Concepts to achieve green energy, thermal energyproduced should be reduced.

as well as for producing electricity, within the scope of green energy, we can use variables such as water

power, wind or solar energy (heat) to the switch to electricity without producing pollution to the

environment.

What are the existing theories?

Hydropower comes from moving water and ocean waves. Hydropower systems use the energy inflowing water for mechanical purposes or to produce electricity. Hydroelectric plants use the

kinetic energy of moving water to spin the turbine generator. Most sites suitable for large-scalehydroelectric plants in the U.S. have already been developed. New developments are small-scale,

which can efficiently supply local needs. The U.S. and Canada have the greatest number ofhydroelectric plants. Virtually every other country in the world has some plants

hydroelectricity is the power source of choice for many developing countries. There are concernsover the detrimental environmental effects of hydroelectric power, which include siltation and

erosion, soil and water salinity, the breaking up of the free passage between oceans and rivers,weed growth, floods due to dam failures, and disease spread by small organisms that live in

stagnant water.

Biomass materials such as wood, agricultural crop wastes, fast-growing willow and switchgrass

crops, animal wastes, and even garbage can be used as renewable sources of energy to generateheat and power. They also can be used as alternatives to petrochemicals in making plastics andother products. Today, biomass energy systems are very small-scale; some examples include

ethanol in gasoline, and use of municipal waste to produce methane gas. The biggest user ofbiomass energy is the forest products industry, which burns much of its waste to make heat and

electricity. Biomass fuels contain a lot of carbon; using them requires high-tech burners thatreduce smoke. Still, biomass energy can productively use wastes that would otherwise go to

landfills or incinerators.

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Passive solar heating for buildings is a common application of renewable energy. A passive solarheating system collects energy from the sun. It uses this energy to heat a space directly, or to heat

a fluid that later radiates heat to a space. A sunroom, an example of a passive solar approach,uses double-layered windows trap heat in the room and reduce the amount of heat loss by

convection. Solar systems are dependent on the weather conditions and number of daylight

hours. Their effectiveness is greatly affected by climate, season, building orientation, and siteconditions.

Active solar systemsor photovoltaic systemsare another way of capturing the suns energy.These systems use solar cells to directly produce electricity from solar radiation. The solar cell is

made of two semiconducting materialsgenerally silicon-basedwith a boundary betweenthem. When a photon of electromagnetic energy from the sun strikes an electron near the

boundary between the semiconductors, it starts a series of reactions that separates electrons and"holes"the unoccupied spaces left behind when the electrons leave. The electrons move in one

direction through the conductor, and the holes move in the other direction. This creates anelectrical current when the object being powered is connected in a circuit to the semiconductor.

Some homes and businesses use solar cells to reduce the amount of power they buy from theelectric utility. Some experimental cars also use photovoltaic cells to power electric motors.

At this time, photovoltaic systems are relatively expensive to build and maintain. They also

require a back-up source of power, or batteries, to provide power when sunshine is inadequate.Because semiconductors contain toxic materials, the environmental impacts of manufacturing

and disposing of solar cells and their batteries are also a concern.

Solar thermal electricity is another variation on solar energy. These plants use a highly curved

mirror to focus sunlight onto a pipe, concentrating the heat to boil water and create steam. Thatsteam is then used to turn a turbine generator to make electricity.

Wind power uses energy from the moving air to turn large blades on windmills. In the past the

motion of the blades was used to grind flour or pump water, but now the blades turn turbines,which rotate generators in order to produce electricity. Very large, wide open windy spaces are

needed for this system to be efficient. Although wind energy makes noise and can harm birds, itproduces no air or water pollution. The major constraint to wind power is the limited availability

of sites with steady wind. Today, costs of electricity from wind are generally higher than costs ofpower from other sources. These costs have been declining as wind turbines are made more

efficient and long-lived.

Geothermal energy systems use hot water from below ground to heat homes and buildings duringthe winter. The hot water circulates through insulated pipes placed hundreds of feet into the

ground. Some regions, such as areas of Iceland, use active springs and geysers to heat buildings.A few places have so much steam and hot water that it can be used to generate electricity. Eventhough vast amounts of energy are available within the earth, our ability to use it is limited by

site considerations. Todays geothermal heat pumps are also more costly than conventionalheating systems. A variation on geothermal power systems uses ocean thermal energy. Ocean

thermal energy conversion is currently being used in Japan and Hawaii in some demonstrationprojects.

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What are the inconsistence or other short coming in our knowledge and understanding?

Green energy how much can the continuously supply electrical energy to consumers.

Understand the concept of green energy to be applied to this FYP project.

What views need to be (further) tested?

For the first step, I have to test, review and select the variables which is suitable for use in this project.

Heat energy, electrical energy, wind energy, water energy, Geothermal energy, biomass energy.

Then think about what devices and value of devices will I use this include the inverter, generator, motor,

transformer and other devices that may be used.

What evidence is lacking, inconclusive, contradictory or too limited?

Why study (further) the research problem?

Use of green energy in Malaysia is still in early stages of use. Use is still widespread. What is more

worrying is there are many more not to know the importance of green energy. Therefore, whether the

green energy will be well received as this is new technology and its cost is quite expensive.

Although this technology has been introduced, such as solar energy installed at home, but what about

those living in the flat and low-income people to have a set of green energy generators.

What contribution can the present study be expected to make?

Refers to the title of my FYP, using green energy to generate 10kW. First of all advantages to be gained

is that we can reduce air pollution and the second is to reduce use of electricity from TNB supply. As 10

kw able to accommodate the use of electricity for a house.

Refers to the problems I raise is, how users living in the flat. Generator to be produced is able to address

these problems.