J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University...
Transcript of J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University...
![Page 1: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D.ProfessorGraduate School of Systems Life SciencesKyushu University
Basic neuroscience
Anatomy
![Page 2: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The neuron
DNA
Detection Chemical release
Transport
Insulation
Glia
In mammals: Axons are myelinated
![Page 3: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Neuron communication
Neurons: 1. detect external environment 2. convert this sensory
information into cellular ‘language’
![Page 4: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Simple reflex
![Page 5: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Simple reflex
Touching a hot iron;muscles of the arm contract,withdraw the arm
![Page 6: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Simple reflex
Dendrites ofa sensory neuronsignal the painfulstimulus
![Page 7: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Simple reflex
This triggersan action potentialin the axon
![Page 8: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Simple reflex
This activatesan inter-neuronin the spinal cord
![Page 9: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Simple reflex
This activatesan inter-neuronin the spinal cord,which, in turn,activates a motor neuron
![Page 10: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Simple reflex
Now the motor neuron sends aseries of action potentialsto the muscle, which contracts
![Page 11: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Simple reflex
Note: for simplicity, only 3 neurons and 1 muscle are shown. In reality, even this simple reflex involves many hundreds of neurons, and groups of muscles…
![Page 12: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
How does this work??
• Action potentials (or nerve impulses) form the language of the brain, like computer bits or Morse code
• Cells that can generate and conduct action potentials have an excitable membrane
• When such cells are not generating impulses, the membrane is at its resting potential
![Page 13: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Flash forward!
![Page 14: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Action potentials: The brain’s information code
Data from a neuron in visual cortex
Visual stimulus
Neu
ron
’s r
esp
on
se
Visualstimulus
Neuron’sresponse(actionpotentials)
![Page 15: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Back to the present…
![Page 16: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The neuron
DNA
Detection Chemical release
Transport
Insulation
Glia
In mammals: Axons are myelinated
![Page 17: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
DNA
mRNA
Protein
Transcription
Translation
‘Central dogma’ of molecular biology
![Page 18: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The axon and its terminal
![Page 19: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Close up of terminal button
![Page 20: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Following anaction potential:Neurotransmitterswill be released in the synaptic cleftand influence thepost-synapticneuron…
To be continued
![Page 21: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Neuron communication
Two components:
• Within the neuron (action potentials)
• Between neurons (neurochemical release)
![Page 22: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The logic of + and – in the brain
Inhibitory
Excitatory
“-”
“+”
![Page 23: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Simple reflex
Touching a hot iron;muscles of the arm contract,withdraw the arm
![Page 24: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The advantage of inhibitory control…
Returning to the example of the simple reflex,and a desire not to let go of the hot casserole
![Page 25: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
1 human2 monkey3 cat4 pigeon5 possum6 dog
![Page 26: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
rostral caudal
dorsal
ventral
neuraxis
lateralmedial
anterior
posterior
![Page 27: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
rostral
caudal
ventral dorsal
mediallateral
neuraxis
![Page 28: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
dorsal
ventral
rostral caudal
coronal
transversal
sagittal
![Page 29: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Nervous system1 Central Nervous System2 Peripheral Nervous System3 The cranial nerves4 The meninges5 The ventricular system
![Page 30: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Nervous system1 Central Nervous System2 Peripheral Nervous System3 The cranial nerves4 The meninges5 The ventricular system
![Page 31: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Nervous system1 Central Nervous System2 Peripheral Nervous System3 The cranial nerves4 The meninges5 The ventricular system
![Page 33: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Nervous system1 Central Nervous System2 Peripheral Nervous System3 The cranial nerves4 The meninges5 The ventricular system
![Page 34: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Cranial nerves
Meninges
Spinal cord
Ribs
Spinal nerves Kidney
Lung
(Cauda equina)
![Page 35: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Dorsal
Ventral
Spinal nerve
VertebraFattissue
Dura materArachnoid membrane
Pia mater
Sub-arach-noid space
![Page 36: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Dorsal
Ventral
Afferent axon
Efferentaxon
Dorsal rootganglion
Dorsal root
Ventral root
To brain
Motorneuron
Spinal nerve
VertebraFattissue
Dura materArachnoid membrane
Pia mater
Sub-arach-noid space
![Page 37: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Nervous system1 Central Nervous System2 Peripheral Nervous System3 The cranial nerves4 The meninges5 The ventricular system
![Page 38: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Nervous system1 Central Nervous System2 Peripheral Nervous System3 The cranial nerves4 The meninges5 The ventricular system
![Page 39: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Cranial nerves
Meninges
Spinal cord
Ribs
Spinal nerves Kidney
Lung
(Cauda equina)
![Page 40: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Nervous system1 Central Nervous System2 Peripheral Nervous System3 The cranial nerves4 The meninges5 The ventricular system
![Page 41: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Nervous system1 Central Nervous System2 Peripheral Nervous System3 The cranial nerves4 The meninges5 The ventricular system
![Page 42: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Let’s take a look
The meninges
Dura mater
Arachnoidmembrane
Subarachnoid space
Pia mater
Surface of the brain
(Arachnoid trabeculae)
Subdural space
![Page 43: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Nervous system1 Central Nervous System2 Peripheral Nervous System3 The cranial nerves4 The meninges5 The ventricular system
![Page 44: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Nervous system1 Central Nervous System2 Peripheral Nervous System3 The cranial nerves4 The meninges5 The ventricular system
![Page 45: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Lateral ventricle
FourthventricleCerebral
aqueduct
Massaintermedia
Third ventricle
Ventricular system: flotation, shock absorption
![Page 46: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Nervous system1 Central Nervous System2 Peripheral Nervous System3 The cranial nerves4 The meninges5 The ventricular system
![Page 47: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Nervous system1 Central Nervous System2 Peripheral Nervous System3 The cranial nerves4 The meninges5 The ventricular system
![Page 48: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
(Telencephalon)
(Diencephalon)Thalamus
Hypothalamus
(Mesencephalon) Tectum (Substantia nigra, Superior colliculus,…)
(Metencephalon)
(Myelencephalon) Medulla
Pons
Cerebellum
Limbic structures
Cerebral cortex
Basal ganglia
![Page 50: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
(Telencephalon)
(Diencephalon)Thalamus
Hypothalamus
(Mesencephalon) Tectum (Substantia nigra, Superior colliculus,…)
(Metencephalon)
(Myelencephalon) Medulla
Pons
Cerebellum
Limbic structures
Cerebral cortex
Basal ganglia
![Page 51: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Cerebral cortex
PrimaryVisual cortex
PrimaryAuditorycortex
PrimaryMotor cortex
PrimarySomatosensorycortex
![Page 52: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Cerebral cortex
Frontal lobeParietal lobe
Occipitallobe
CerebellumSpinal cord
MedullaTemporal lobe
PrimaryVisual cortex
PrimaryAuditorycortex
PrimaryMotor cortex
PrimarySomatosensorycortex
![Page 53: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Right hemisphere
Left hemisphere
PrimaryMotorcortex
PrimarySomatosensory cortex
PrimaryAuditory cortex
PrimaryVisual cortex
![Page 54: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Right hemisphere
Left hemisphere
PrimaryMotorcortex
PrimarySomatosensory cortex
PrimaryAuditory cortex
Central sulcusCalcarine fissure
Lateral fissure
PrimaryVisual cortex
Fissure, sulcus: groove (major, minor)Gyrus: a convolution of the cortex (separated by sulci or fissures)
![Page 55: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
(Telencephalon)
(Diencephalon)Thalamus
Hypothalamus
(Mesencephalon) Tectum (Substantia nigra, Superior colliculus,…)
(Metencephalon)
(Myelencephalon) Medulla
Pons
Cerebellum
Limbic structures
Cerebral cortex
Basal ganglia
![Page 57: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Corpuscallosum
Cerebellum
Spinal cordMedulla
Pons
(largestcommissure,
connecting the two
hemispheres)
Pituitary gland
Hippocampus
Limbic cortex
Amygdala
Limbic structures
![Page 58: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
(Telencephalon)
(Diencephalon)Thalamus
Hypothalamus
(Mesencephalon) Tectum (Substantia nigra, Superior colliculus,…)
(Metencephalon)
(Myelencephalon) Medulla
Pons
Cerebellum
Limbic structures
Cerebral cortex
Basal ganglia
![Page 59: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Caudate nucleusand putamen
Tail of caudate nucleusGlobuspallidus
(can’t see:
Substantia nigra)
Basal ganglia
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
+ (Diencephalon)
![Page 60: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Forebrain
Midbrain
Hindbrain
(Telencephalon)
(Diencephalon)Thalamus
Hypothalamus
(Mesencephalon) Tectum (Substantia nigra, Superior colliculus,…)
(Metencephalon)
(Myelencephalon) Medulla
Pons
Cerebellum
Limbic structures
Cerebral cortex
Basal ganglia
![Page 61: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
![Page 62: J. Lauwereyns, Ph.D. Professor Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences Kyushu University jan@sls.kyushu-u.ac.jp Basic neuroscience Anatomy.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062805/5697c00f1a28abf838cca9e3/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)