J Frankowski EVALUATE workshop Gdansk

Energy vulnerability of the urban areas in Gdansk.First results of the EVALUATE project.

Districts: Wrzeszcz / Przymorze

Jan FrankowskiDr Sergio Tirado-Herrero

University of GdanskUniversity of Manchester

EVALUATE methods – Poland

Desk researc

h

Statistical data analysis

IDI (N=50)

Survey (N=600

)

Etnography

(energy diarys)

Workshop with

stakeholders

Gdańsk – 2 case studies (Wrzeszcz & Przymorze)

Source: own elaboration based on EVALUATE survey; layer: OpenStreetMap, scale: 1:250000.

PAPI

EVALUATE – survey Spatial

distrubiution representativen

ess

March 2015

Wrzeszcz (GDA)• 300 valid cases (households)• 762 people• 98 to 100% valid responses across variables

Przymorze (GDB)• 300 valid cases (households)• 755 people• 99 to 100% valid responses across variables

Household characteristic Wrzeszcz

Przymorze

Household size (persons per household)

2.4 2.52

Households with children under age 5

8% 12%

Households with children between 5-13 years old

18% 18%

Average age of the respondent (years old)

52 52

Households with pensioners 51% 68%

Socio-demographic composition

Highest level of completed education

Wrzeszcz

Przymorze

Primary education 9% 2%

Secondary education 63% 57%

Tertiary education 25% 37%

WRZESZCZ

0-45-9

10-1415-1920-2425-2930-3435-3940-4445-4950-5455-5960-6465-6970-7475-79

80+

-2500-2000-1500-1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

50.189 inhabitants (2013)

42% of inhabitants lives here more than

20 years

secondary/vocational education is the most

popularThe most studentified district

in Gdansk (Grabkowska, Frankowski 2015)

male female

PRZYMORZE

44.946 inhabitants (2013)45% lives here longer than 20

yearsin 32% HH – somebody who

finished studies~50% –

retirees/pensioners

0-45-9

10-1415-1920-2425-2930-3435-3940-4445-4950-5455-5960-6465-6970-7475-79

80+

-2500-2000-1500-1000 -500 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

male female

Main types of housing stock

Przymorze

Wrzeszcz

Building age and typologyYear of construction Wrzeszcz Przymorze

After 1991 r. 1% 7.7%

1951-1991 46.3% 86.3%

Before 1951 24.3% 0%

I don’t know 28.3% 6%

Primary residence of the households Wrzeszcz Przymorze

Apartment in a building with multiple flats 90% 86%

Individual family home 10% 14%

Who owns your house? Wrzeszcz Przymorze

your household 51% 37,7% housing co-operative (with owner rights) 16.1% 34%

the municipality or the state 7% 0%

rented from private landlord 7.7% 7.7% rented from a housing co-operative/association etc. 18% 20.6%

Heating source – Wrzeszcz

6%

1%9%

14%

69%

electricitywoodcoalgasdistrict heating


Heating source – PRZYMORZE


2% 1%1%3%

94%

electricitywoodliquid fuelgasdistrict heating

Przymorze

Net monthly monetary income

less than 1250 PLN

1251 – 2500 PLN

2501 – 3750 PLN

3751 – 5000 PLN

5001 – 6250 PLN

6251 – 7500 PLN

higher than 7501

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Net monthly monetary incomevs energy spendings

Przymorze

less than 1250 PLN

1251 – 2500 PLN

2501 – 3750 PLN

3751 – 5000 PLN

5001 – 6250 PLN

6251 – 7500 PLN

higher than 7501

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

10 – 20% 20 – 30% 30 – 40% 40 – 50% more than 50%

Net monthly monetary income

Wrzeszcz

Mniej niż 1250 PLN

1251 – 2500 PLN

2501 – 3750 PLN

3751 – 5000 PLN

5001 – 6250 PLN

6251 – 7500 PLN

Więcej niż 7501 PLN

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Net monthly monetary incomevs energy spendings

Wrzeszcz

Mniej niż 1250 PLN

1251 – 2500 PLN

2501 – 3750 PLN

3751 – 5000 PLN

5001 – 6250 PLN

6251 – 7500 PLN

Więcej niż 7501 PLN

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

less than 10% 10 – 20% 20 – 30%30 – 40% 40 – 50% more than 50%

Evidence that Wrzeszcz is more energy-poor district

Expenditure vs. consensual

(Number of cases)Wrzeszcz Przymorze

YES NO YES NOEnergy costs < 20% income

166 15 182 2

Energy costs > 20% income

101 17 106 7

Ability to keep home adequately warm

Ability to pay energy bills on time in the last 12 months (Number of cases)

Wrzeszcz Przymorze

YES NO YES NOEnergy costs < 20% income

175 6 182 2

Energy costs > 20% income

111 7 108 5

Disaggregated results (1)

Household typesWrzesz

czPrzymor

zeWrzesz

czPrzymor

ze Households with little children

17.4% 0% 21.7% 39%

Households with children (age:5-13)

15.9% 2.6% 50% 32.5%

Households with students 8.8% 2.7% 30% 33.3%

Households with pensioners 13.9% 4.5% 32.4% 45.5%

Monthly net monetary income

Wrzeszcz

Przymorze

Wrzeszcz

Przymorze

Less than 1250 PLN 44.4% 22.2% 44.4% 77.8%

1250 PLN – 3750 PLN 11% 2.2% 41.9% 42.9%

Higher than3750 PLN 8.7% 2.1% 40.6% 22.3%

Highest level of education

Wrzeszcz

Przymorze

Wrzeszcz

Przymorze

Primary and secondary 11% 3.4% 32.6% 39.7%

Tertiary 9.4% 2.8% 29.7% 32.4%

Inability to keep home warm

Energy costs >20% income

Year of constructionWrzeszc

zPrzymor

zeWrzesz

czPrzymor

ze After 1991 0% 4.5% 0% 43.4%

1971-1990 8.7% 5.1% 66.0% 42.2%

1951-1970 5.5% 2.4% 47.2% 35.7%

1931-1950 8.8% -- 35.6% --

1901-1930 18% -- 13.6% --

Before 1900 0% -- 16.7% --

Who owns your house?

Wrzeszcz Przymorze

Wrzeszcz

Przymorze

Your household 6.6% 3.5% 51.3% 47.8%

Housing cooperative 12.5% 3.9% 50% 39.2%

The municipality or the state

33.3% -- 23.8% --

Rented 12% 0% 13.3% 19.4%


Inability to keep warm home


Heating method Wrzeszcz

Przymorze

Wrzeszcz

Przymorze

Individual electric heaters 16.7% 0% 41.7% 50%

Individual wood stove 0% 0% 75% 40%

Individual coal /solid fuel stove 34.6% -- 46.2% --

Individual liquid fuel stove -- -- -- --

Individual gas stove 3.8% 0% 30.8% 25% Electric-powered central heating 22.2% 0% 22.2% 25%

Liquid-powered central heating -- 0% -- 100%

Gas-powered central heating 6.3% 0% 43.8% 50%

District heating 8.2% 3.2% 39.1% 37.2%


Inability to keep warm home


Unheated/partially heated rooms

Unheated roomsPartially unheated

rooms

0 1 20%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Wrzeszcz Przymorze

0 1 2 3 40%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Wrzeszcz Przymorze

Energy poverty is rather not the reason of unheating rooms

Additional energy poverty-related indicators

% households Wrzeszcz

Przymorze

Dwelling not comfortable warm during winter

31.7% 17%

Dwelling not comfortable cool during summer

24.3% 26.3%

Dwelling not heated during the day when it is cold outside

44% 23.3%

Not paying energy bills on time 4.3% 2.3%

Electricity disconnected due to unpaid bills in the last 12 months

1.3% 1.7%

Receiving housing/energy benefit 1.3% 1.7%

Receiving other forms of social assistance from the state/city

14.3% 7.3%

Cutting down any other expenditures (in order to pay energy biliis)

10.7% 3.0%

new

exte

rnal w

indow

s

new

heati

ng s

yst

em

insu

lati

on

sola

r panels

new

appliance

s

Przymorze

0%20%40%60%80%

100%

last 10 years next 5 years not planned

PrzymorzeWrzeszcz

Energy efficiency

higher purchasing

power parity

Households B & C changed external windows

Willingness to buy is not forced by

high energy bills (!) – it depends on the

awareness

new

exte

rnal w

indow

s

new

heati

ng s

yst

em

insu

lati

on

sola

r panels

new

appliance

s

Wrzeszcz

0%20%40%60%80%

100%

last 10 years next 5 years not planned

Source: competition for families with many childeren „Save water and energy together” organised by Caritas and financed by WFOŚiGW

Energy companies are treating low-income consumers fairly

Energy poverty is acknowledged by the government

Energy poverty is a problem in our country

The state should do more to support households who cannot pay for energy

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

strongly disagree disagree distance with itagree strongly agree I don't know

Perceptions and opinions (general)

Perceptions and opinions (1)

The state should do more to support households who cannot pay for energy

Zdecydowanie się nie zgadzam Zdecydowanie się zgadzam0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

WrzeszczPrzymorze

Strongly disagree Strongly agree


Energy poverty is a problem in our country


5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

WrzeszczPrzymorze



Energy poverty is acknowledged by the government


5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

WrzeszczPrzymorze



Energy companies are treating consumers fairly


5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

WrzeszczPrzymorze


Expected results• Wrzeszcz is more energy vulnerable (people pay more for the energy

and use more different heating sources, housing stock is in bad condition, the inequalities are more visible);

• Przymorze with smaller dwellings, covered by district heating, with more egalitarian society and relatively well-situated pensioners is in comfortable situation;

• People who introduce energy-efficient solutions are rather well-situated.

What is interesting• Hard to say which group is the most endangered of energy poverty

(households with pensioners/children from Wrzeszcz)• Geography matters – „hot-spots” of energy poverty inside the districts• To find energy poverty in Gdansk we should pay more attention to

municipal dwellings (old housing stock) deprived of district heating network

• Expenditures on energy are not the highest in „vulnerable” group• In opinions, government is rather aware of the problem – energy as one

of the key sectors in political discourse;Further analysis• Systematic bivariate and multi-variate analysis

Preliminary findings

Thank youurban-energy.org || kge.ug.edu.pl@stiradoherrero@[email protected]@ug.edu.pl

J Frankowski EVALUATE workshop Gdansk

Science

Transcript of J Frankowski EVALUATE workshop Gdansk