ITP March 2013 - Caroline Allenden - Basic care for dogs and cats
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Transcript of ITP March 2013 - Caroline Allenden - Basic care for dogs and cats
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Basic care for Dogs & Cats
Caroline Allenden RVN MBVNA
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How do you know if a dog is healthy?
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The Healthy DogThe Healthy Dog
• Keen to eat and exerciseKeen to eat and exercise
• Bright eyes and clean Bright eyes and clean nose and earsnose and ears
• Shiny coat, clean and Shiny coat, clean and odour odour
• Sharp response to stimuliSharp response to stimuli
• Firm brown faecesFirm brown faeces
• Clear yellow urineClear yellow urine
• Pink gumsPink gums
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The Healthy Animal
Dog Cat
Body Temperature 38.3 – 38.7°C 38.0 – 38.5°C
Pulse Rate 60 – 180 110 – 180
Respiration Rate 10 – 30 20 - 30
Gum Colour + Capillary Refill Time
Pink Gums
< 2 seconds
Pink Gums
< 2 seconds
Temperament Bright, alert, responsive, Bright, alert, responsive, relaxed
Appearance Bright eyes, clean ears and nose, normal coat, normal posture, odour free (!)
Bright eyes, clean ears and nose, normal coat, normal posture, odour free
Behaviour Eating, drinking, urinating and defecating normally, keen to exercise.
Eating, drinking, urinating and defecating normally, easy fluid movement.
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The Un-healthy DogThe Un-healthy Dog
• Often loss of appetite Often loss of appetite • Generally less enthusiastic Generally less enthusiastic • Diarrhoea, constipation, vomiting, Diarrhoea, constipation, vomiting,
coughingcoughing• Difficulty passing urine or faecesDifficulty passing urine or faeces• Difficulty (or increased) eating or Difficulty (or increased) eating or
drinkingdrinking• Discharge from eyes, ears, nose or Discharge from eyes, ears, nose or
vulvavulva• RestlessnessRestlessness• Abnormal pulse, or respiration rateAbnormal pulse, or respiration rate• Pale or blue tinged gumsPale or blue tinged gums• Abnormal postureAbnormal posture
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The Unhealthy Animal
Watch Out For:
• Diarrhoea / Vomiting / Loss of Appetite
• Straining to Urinate / Defecate
• Change in Behaviour
• Change in Posture
• Unresponsive / Lethargic
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The Importance of Recording
…and completing assessment sheets
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What is normal?
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Urine Hall of Fame
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Coat Condition• What are you looking for?
• Shiny, no odour, no flaky skin, dry, full, non itchy, no red patches
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First Aid
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Main Aims
• Preserve Life
• Prevent Suffering
• Prevent the situation deteriorating
• Promote recovery
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Personal Safety and Restraint
• Require considered handling – “Scruffing”?
• “Swipes” very common • Handling aids can help• Can calm down when handled
correctly
• Use suitable restraint, at the very least a slip lead• Muzzle, even if friendly for procedures
• Approach slowly and calmly• Quiet, calming voice and body language
CATS DOGS
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Triage
• Assess the situation> Danger to the animal AND YOU!> Suitable place for First Aid treatment?> Can the animal be moved?
Assess the injuries> Life threatening injuries FIRST. Remember ABC…
A = airwayB = breathingC = circulation
> Consider the injuries that may be causing pain for handling> Blood does NOT always signify the worst injury
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Know What to Look For
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Reasonable Protection
– Vaccination / Parasite Control
– Kennel / Run Security and Upkeep
– Trained Handlers – Basic lessons
– Animal Behaviour
– Cleaning Protocols
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First Aid Situations
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External bleedingExternal bleeding
• Severity and types of bleed
• Control: Direct pressure
Tourniquets: emergency ONLY
Field dressing – only in emergency situations and until you can get Veterinary help (more on this later…..)
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Internal BleedingInternal Bleeding
• Bruising• Watch following trauma /
surgery• Watch MM colour• Beware of Hypothermia
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Over to you…..
Two dogs are having a fight.
What are you going to do?
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Fights
• Your Safety
• Puncture Wounds
• Infection Highly Likely
• Flush, Flush, Flush!
• Antibiotics If Possible
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Over to you…..
You have found an animal that is not using one of it’s legs.
You suspect that it may be broken.
What are you going to do?
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Fractures
• Very Painful
• Swelling & Immobility
• Transport Carefully
• Splinting will be painful
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Bandaging – how not to
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Over to you……
You come into work in the morning to find an animal having a fit.
What do you do?
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Convulsions
• Do Not Touch!
• Clear Area
• Remove All Stimuli> Light
> Sound
> Touch
• Phases of a Seizure
>Causes> Epilepsy
> Poisoning
> Head Injuries / Tumours
> Systemic Disease
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Hypothermia • Core body temperature is
below normal • Trauma, collapse, shock • No direct heat!• Insulate the animal
Hyperthermia• Core temperature is above normal• More common in dogs• Move away from heat• Cool with water and fans• Small frequent drinks
• Control environment• Ensure temperature correction gradual• Special care with infants and geriatrics.
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Gastric Dilation Volvulus GDVGastric Dilation Volvulus GDV
• Life threatening emergencyLife threatening emergency
• Get Get immediateimmediate veterinary veterinary attentionattention
• Swollen abdomen, tympanicSwollen abdomen, tympanic
• Non productive vomitingNon productive vomiting
• Deep chested breedsDeep chested breeds
• Feeding regimesFeeding regimes
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Any Questions?