IOT Based Smart Meter Reading for Hybrid System · revolution of the Internet. With loT technology,...

IOT Based Smart Meter Reading forHybrid System

Deepak Kumar Nayak∗,1 , Prabakaran. N1,Murugan. R2 and Anitha Juliette Albert 3

1 Electronics and Communication Engineering Department,Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation,

Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India 5225022 Department of ECE, St.Peters Engineering College,

Hyderabad, India3 Department of ECE, Saveetha Engineering

college, Chennai, India

June 11, 2018

Abstract

This paper presents the energy management of a hybridsystem consisting of solar and wind energy systems con-nected to the grid. It also discusses the type of energy usedby the consumer i.e., solar or wind or grid and magnitude ofthe grid power used by the consumer by means of Internetof Things (IoT) that makes the billing process easier andmore accurate. This proposed hybrid system has the ad-vantages like (i) 24 hours Power Supply without Shutdownto the consumer. (ii) EB staff and consumers can knowthe full information about consumption of energy from thewebsite assigned with the help of IoT. Laboratory model ofmicrocontroller-based IoT smart meter reading for hybridsystem is fabricated and tested.

Key Words:Hybrid, IOT, power, relay, renewable en-ergy.

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International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 120 No. 6 2018, 809-821ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/

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1 INTRODUCTION

Currently, the world is looking for alternative energy sources. Asthe energy demand continues to increase, excessive use of conven-tional energy resources such as oil, gas, coal, etc., leads to increasegreenhouse gas emissions and other environmental damage. So weare looking for alternative non-conventional energy resources suchas solar, wind, etc. There is, however, one disadvantage, namelythe non-conventional energy resources are not always available. Inmost places, the peak operating times for wind and solar systemsoccur at different times of the day. So, a lot of research works havebeen done to obtain a hybrid solar-wind power generation system[1-3].

Hybrid renewable energy sources can be used as standalone forsupplying power to the load or as grid-connected for supplyingpower to the load and selling power to the utility company [4].Because of the variable nature of the resources, sometimes, renew-able systems are used in conjunction with storage systems [5]. Ingeneral, standalone systems require battery and advanced energymanagement strategies but grid connected systems do not requirebattery and advanced energy management strategies [6].

Traditionally, to know the energy consumed by the consumers,meter reading is taken by human operators. The human operatorsgo from door to door, note the readings and give the bill for theconsumption to the respective consumers according to the utilityservice rules and regulations [7-8]. The drawback of this method isthat the human operator might not read the correct value of thetotal energy consumed from the energy meter or might intention-ally record a lower reading than the exact value [9]. So, Smartenergy meters are used for Automatic Meter Reading (AMR) forincreasing the accuracy of meter reading. There are two types ofAMR systems, wire-based and wireless. Wire-based system usesPower Line Carrier (PLC) and Telephone Line Network (optical/cable) etc. Wireless system uses GPRS, Bluetooth, and GSM etc.[10-15]. But the drawback is that, the technologies like GPRS arenot used by the common man and for the wireless based system, wehave to replace the conventional meter with a new one. Nowadays,Internet of Things (IoT) has recently emerged as an enabling tech-nology in many applications like smart grid, smart health, smart

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transportation, and smart cities etc. [16-20].IoT enables things to be connected anytime, anyplace, with any-

thing and anyone using any path and any service which is a newrevolution of the Internet. With loT technology, household appli-ances can be connected , and the users can more efficiently andconveniently control them.

In this paper, alternative usage and measurement of power byusing IoT is proposed. The contributions of this work are:

(a) In the proposed system, both renewable and non-renewableenergy sources are used. We can use either renewable or non- re-newable energy automatically.

(b) Users can get 24 hours power without a break.(c) EB personnel are not required to read the meter and give

the bill to consumer.(d) EB personnel and consumers can know the all information

about the consumption of energy from the website assigned withthe help of IoT.

This template, modified in MS Word 2007 and saved as a Word97-2003 Document for the PC, provides authors with most of theformatting specifications needed for preparing electronic versions oftheir papers. All standard paper components have been specifiedfor three reasons: (1) ease of use when formatting individual papers,(2) automatic compliance to electronic requirements that facilitatethe concurrent or later production of electronic products, and (3)conformity of style throughoutaconferenceproceedings. Margins,column widths, line spacing, and type styles are built-in; exam-ples of the type styles are provided throughout this document andare identified in italic type, within parentheses, following the exam-ple. Some components, such as multi-leveled equations, graphics,and tables are not prescribed, although the various table text stylesare provided. The formatter will need to create these components,incorporating the applicable criteria that follow.

2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

The proposed system comprises three main parts:(A) Home section, (B) Renewable energy section,(C) Electric bill (EB) section.

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(A ) Home section:Figure 1. shows the block diagram of the Home section. The

home section consists of a PIC microcontroller for the efficient en-ergy monitoring. The Home section is connected with both renew-able energy and non-renewable energy both. One relay is used todecide which energy form the user wants to use–renewable or non-renewable. The current sensor is used to predict the current fromthe non-renewable energy station. The data of the power used bythe Home is sent to the internet through IoT. The status will bedisplayed in the LCD which is interfaced with the microcontroller.

Figure 1. Home Section

B.Renewable Energy SectionFigure 2. shows the block diagram of the renewable energy

section. The Renewable Energy Section consists of a PIC micro-controller for the efficient energy monitoring. The relay is used todecide which renewable energy will be selected i.e., solar power orwind power depending upon the availability. The output of the re-newable energy section is given as the input to the Home Sectionand the status will be displayed in the LCD which is interfaced withthe microcontroller.

Figure 2. Renewable energy section

C. Electric Bill (EB) Section

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Figure 3. shows the block diagram of the renewable energysection. The status of the power i.e. renewable energy or EB energyused by the consumer can be known through IoT with internet. TheEB section cost is calculated separately and consumer can know alldetails from the website.

Figure 3. Renewable energy section

3 SOFTWARE DETAIL

We have used free Microchip software, Microchip MPLAB X IDE,which provides a front end to the PIC compiler. It is based on theopen source NET Beans IDE from oracle.

In our application, we also require a terminal emulator programwhich provides a simple I/O interface to a virtual COM port. Wewant the output from the PIC microcontroller to be displayed onthe screen. So, we are using PuTTY terminal emulator. Puttyhas been a usable SSH-2 client since 2000. PuTTY supports manyvariations on the secure remote terminal and provides user controlover the SSH encryption key. We have used Keil compiler andEmbedded C programming language for the PIC microcontroller.

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4 TESTING AND RESULTS

Figure 4.1. Hardware set-up of the home section

Figure 4.1 shows the hardware set-up of the Home Section. Itconsists of PIC16F877A development board, LCD, energy meter,current sensor, voltage sensor, relay, load and IoT module. Energymeter shows the reading of the power used from the grid. Currentsensor is used to check the availability of the current. Voltage sensoris used to sense the voltage and it has a knob which can be adjustedfor providing different ranges of voltages. If EB energy voltage islow, then it should be switched to renewable energy; if EB energyvoltage is high, then it should be switched to EB energy which isdone by the voltage sensor knob. Relay is used to switch EB energyor renewable energy. Here we have taken the electric bulb as theload. The IoT module is used to update the meter reading throughinternet to the EB Section and the LCD is used to display.

Figure 4.2. Renewable Energy Section

Figure 4.2 shows the hardware set-up of the Renewable EnergySection. It consists of PIC16F877A development board, LCD, volt-age sensor, relay, solar panel (6V), windmill (sample model), bat-tery and the load. The solar panel and the windmill are connected

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to the relay. Then the relay is connected to the battery. Microcon-troller gives the information to the relay to know whether to usesolar panel or windmill. Voltage sensor is used to sense the voltageand it has a knob which can be adjusted for providing differentranges of voltage. If solar energy voltage is low, then it should beswitched to wind energy, and if solar energy voltage is high, thenit should be switched to solar energy which is done by the volt-age sensor knob. Both the solar and the wind source outputs areconnected to battery through a relay switch for getting constantoutput. Here, we are using DC motor as the load.

Figure 4.3. shows tha when the EB energy is ON, then theload and the current sensor of the EB energy are also ON. Fig.4.4shows that when the renewable energy is ON, then the load andthe current sensor of the renewable energy are also ON.

Figure 4.3. EB Energy ON

Figure 4.4. Renewable Energy ON

Figure 4.5 and Figure 4.6 depict the renewable energy sources i.e.,solar energy and wind energy. From both the sources, energy isstored in the battery.Microcontroller makes the relay switch to solaror wind. Then the battery is connected to the load. But in thisprototype, we are not using any wind sources. So, when the wind

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energy is ON, load becomes OFF. When the solar energy is ON,load becomes ON.

Figure 4.5. Wind Energy ON

Figure 4.6. Solar Energy ON

Figure 4.7. Output using Putty

PUTTY is a free and open-source terminal emulator; serial con-sole and network file transfer application. It supports several net-work protocols, including SCP, SSH, Telnet, rlogin, and raw socket

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connection. It can also connect to a serial port. Figure 4.7 is theoutput using PUTTY which shows the meter reading for both theEB energy and the renewable energy. Here the values 009,156,083..represent the current sensor values.

Figure 4.8. Output using Iot Output

Figure 4.8 shows the output using IoT module. We are observ-ing this output in the link iotclouddata.com/194/iot15view.php. Inthis link, we can observe which energy we are using, what is thecurrent sensor value for that energy and the log date and log time.

5 CONCLUSION

IoT Based smart Meter reading for hybrid system has been success-fully implemented using the existing electronic energy meter. Inthis work, by using both renewable energy and non-renewable en-ergy, we have shown that we can get 24 hours power supply withoutshutdown and also the power consumed by the home is measured bythe EB Section through IoT module. EB personnel are not requiredto come home for reading the meter and computing the consump-tion. EB personnel and consumers can know the full informationabout the consumption of energy from the website assigned withthe help of IoT. With some modifications in the proposed system, itcan be used in rural areas and the corporate sector to get 24 hourspower and to monitor the power consumption.

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IOT Based Smart Meter Reading for Hybrid System · revolution of the Internet. With loT technology,...

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