Ionic Bonding

A. Bond Types

3 Types of Bonds1. Ionic Bond

2. Covalent Bond

3. Metallic Bond

Electron transfer from a metal to a nonmetal

Electrons are shared between two nonmetals

Electrons are delocalized among metal atoms

A. Bond Types

Chemical FormulaShorthand method used to show the number and type of atoms present in the smallest representative unit of a substance.

IONIC COVALENT

NaCl H2O

B. Ionic compounds

Ionic compoundA compound composed of positive and negative ions.

Also known as a SALT

Binary Compound

(Salt)

Ternary Compound

(Salt)

NaCl KNO3

B. Ionic Compounds

Ionic Bonds – show transfer of electrons from metal to nonmetal

Metals tend to give up electrons

Nonmetals tend to receive electrons

The result is the formation of positive and negative ions that are bonded by electrostatic attraction

C. Lewis Dot Structures

Ionic Bonds are the transferring of electrons from the metal to the nonmetal. Stability is the name of the game. Each element becomes an ion to have a noble gas configuration in the compound

ClNasodium atom Chlorine atom

C. Lewis Dot Structures

Metal must become a cation by giving up an electron.Nonmetal must receive an electron and become an anion.The ionic bond is an electrostatic attraction between the positive and negative ion

ClNaSodium atom Chlorine atom

Na+

Sodium chloride

Cl -

C. Lewis Dot StructuresIon – an atom or group of atoms with

a charge ( + or - ).Cation – positive ion formed from a

metal giving up 1-3 electrons

Anion – negative ion formed from a nonmetal gaining 1-3 electrons.

Mg2+

Cl

Cl-

Cl

Cl

MgCl2Mg

C. Lewis Dot StructuresOxidation Number - a “+” or “-” number given to an atom or group of atoms that represent the number of electrons that have been given (+) or received (-).

X X X X X X X X

+1+2 +3 -3-2-1

0-4+ He