What is an ionic bond? What is a covalent bond?Draw a picture of an ionic bond for salt (NaCl)

DO NOW

CHEMICAL BONDING AND COMPOUND

NAMING

Ionic compounds form crystals

What do you notice about the pictures?

IONIC COMPOUNDS

Strong attractions between ions of a compound cause it to have High melting points Highly brittle (breakable)

Very strong

Cation

anion

IONIC COMPOUNDS

How do we form an ion?

SPEAKING OF IONS

Ions- an atom with either a positive (cation) or a negative (anion) charge caused by the addition or removal of an electron.

Why do we add or remove electrons?

IONS

ELECTRONS are the reason we have compounds!

All bonding is caused by either the transfer or sharing of electrons!

When electrons are shared it is _________ bonding.

When electrons are transferred it is _________ bonding.

BONDING

Do you like being unstable?

Think about standing on the side of a cliff….with a very strong wind. Would you be happy?

How do elements gain stability?

ALL ELEMENTS WANT TO BE STABLE

What is a valence electron?

What is the octet rule?

THE OCTET RULE

Compounds are most stable when they have eight (8) valence electrons.

Compounds will gain or give up electrons based on how easy it is.

Ionization energy- the amount of energy required to remove an electron.

THE OCTET RULE

In your notebook explain how ionization energy changes across the periodic table.

You have 3 minutes.

Use full sentences!!!!!!! (I’m serious…I will be checking!)

OCTET RULE

CARE TO SHARE?

What ionic charge will Magnesium have?

When is an atom least likely to react?

Define ion, ionization energy, valence electron, octet rule, covalent bond, and ionic bond.

*Bonus* how many protons, neutrons, and electrons does Bromine have?

HOMEWORK 12/2/13

You need to pick up a white board, dry erase marker, and eraser from the front left corner of the room.

You must be seated with these materials by the time the bell rings or points will be deducted from your grade today.

DO NOW

Draw a water molecule. Chemical formula H2O.

Is water a compound, mixture, or element?

How many elements are in a molecule of water?

What’s an ionic bond, covalent bond?

DO NOW CONTINUED

LETS BREAK IT DOWN

Many water molecules together

Pure substance not a mixture

The word molecule is ambiguous.

What does ambiguous mean???

You can have a molecule of an elementYou can have a molecule of a compoundYou can have a molecule of a substanceThe word molecule does NOT always mean

compound or element.

THE WORD MOLECULE

Tricky right?

There are elemental forms of all elements.

Air is made mostly of what element?

HOW CAN TWO ATOMS TOGETHER BE AN ELEMENT?

Just Remember!

STABILITY rules the UNIVERSE!

All chemical bonding is done to make an element stable.

CONFUSED?

What is a covalent bond?

You can make one covalent bond for every valence electron you have.

COVALENT BONDING

Covalent bonds are expressed as lines. Unlike ionic expressed as charges.

C O H

COVALENT BOND

The types of atoms in a molecule and its shape affect its polarity.

What do you see when you look in a mirror?

NON-POLAR COVALENT

For non-polar elements you look for equality in the molecule.

NON-POLAR COVALENT

To be polar you should look for unequal sharing.

The unequal sharing will cause some charges on molecules

BUT due to the fact there is no electron transfer it is still a covalent bond.

POLAR COVALENT

Unequal sharing causes slight charges.

POLAR COVALENT

What is the strongest type of bond?

Polar molecules will attract to one another through intermolecular forces. Which makes polar substances stronger than non-polar.

POLARITY AND STRENGTH

Intermolecular forces

Ionic > polar covalent > non-polar

BOND STRENGTH

Draw these molecules in your notebook and label them as either polar or non-polar molecules.

PRACTICE

1. What is ionic bond?2. What is a covalent bond?3. Draw a picture of an ionic bond for salt (NaCl).

Today’s Lesson Topic: Chemical Naming

DO NOW

DO NOW ANSWER

SWBAT name common mono-atomic and polyatomic ions.

Essential Questions: how do chemical compounds get their name?

TODAY’S OBJECTIVE

Ionic Bond vs. Covalent Bond

Ionic bond is an electron transferCovalent Bond is electron sharing

Which is stronger? Why?

REVIEW..

How many elements are in the following compound?

Na2CO3

LET’S CHECK…

There are so many ways to combine atoms.

We must give compounds names.To do this there are rules….many many

rulesFortunately this is not organic chemistry (you’ll get that in college)

Fewer rules to follow for physical science (yay!)

But, you will need to memorize some rules.

NAMING COMPOUNDS

HOLD UP…REVIEW

What is a Cation? What is an Anion?

A cation is an ion with a positive charge

An ion an with a negative charge

REVIEW

What are the ions of Na, C, N, O, Cl ?

In ionic bonding we join an anion with a cation.

The first step to naming is to determine which is which.

IONIC COMPOUND NAMING

1. In NaCl which would be the anion?

2. In CaCl2 which would be the anion?

3. In LiS which would be the anion?

Sensing a pattern?

IDENTIFYING THE ANION

In ionic bonding the anion is usually listed second in the chemical formula.

IONIC COMPOUND NAMING

THE ONLY RULE YOU NEED FOR ANION NAMING!

CHANGE THE ENDING OF THE CHIMICAL

NAME TO –ide.

Example:Fluorine = Fluoride ion (F-)

ANION RULE

PRACTICE 1: NAME THESE

1. Cl-1

2. N-3

3. Br-1

4. O-2

PRACTICE 2: WRITE THESE

1. Sulfide ion2. iodide ion3. phosphide ion4. Fluorine ion

This rule is easy.Use the element name of the cation.

NaCl = sodium chloride

Sodium is the cationChloride is the anion

CATION RULE

1. NaCl

2. CaCl2

3. MgO2

PRACTICE 3: NAME THESE

To complicate things we have polyatomic ions.

What are they?

Multiple atoms in an ion.Multiple atoms with a charge

Example: NH4+ ammonium

Unfortunately, these are ion names you must memorize.

THAT NAMING SYSTEM WORKS FOR MONO-ATOMIC IONS

COPY THESE IN YOUR NOTESPUT YOUR PENCIL DOWN WHEN

DOWN AND WAIT SILENTLY

Any trends you see?

Elements ending in –ate?

TRENDS?

MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS

Molecular compounds are named based on the number of atoms in a molecule.

WHAT IS THE COMMON NAME FOR CO2?

What about CO3?

Carbon Trioxide

PRACTICE 4: MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS

In order to name you just add the prefix to the elemental name (with –ide).

1. CO

2. PO5

YOU TRY

3. PO3

4. SO4 (careful with this one)

5. N2O4

FINAL REVIEW

Name the following compounds:1. NaCl2. NaO3. H2O4. LiF

1. What are anions? What are cations? 2. What is the name of CaCl2? 3. What is the name of NaCl?4. What is the name of

EXIT TICKET