INVESTING IN BIOGAS SYSTEMS FOR SANITATION, COOKING …energycom.gov.gh/files/INVESTING IN...
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INVESTING IN BIOGAS SYSTEMS FOR SANITATION, COOKING AND POWER GENERATION: –THE CASE OF CSIR-IIR
Presenter
Kofi Ampomah-BenefoCSIR-INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH
August 2016
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SAMPLES OF DIGESTERS
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Biogas plants for waste treatment from 10000 cows
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AQUINAS
Digester location
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AQUINAS
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AQUINAS
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AQUINAS
Outlet Digester ChamberDigester
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Biogas Technology
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Biogas Technology
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CSIR-IIR ABR (Improved technology)
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AQUINAS
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Item CommentType of Digester Anaerobic Baffled Reactor
Capacity of Digester 30 m3
Expected Gas Yield 8 – 10 m3/d
Life Span 30+ yrs
Temperature Scheme 30 – 35 oC
HRT 3 days (80 % treated)
SRT 24 days (90 % treated)
Cost of Construction (Excluding Gas Accessories)
GHC 30,000
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EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
1612/08/2016 Digester (tank)
Heat Source
Heat Source
Heat Circulation
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EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
• A 1000-litre tank as the digester
• Single-stage batch AD system
• Semi automated operation
• SRH 30d
• Process temperature (37 ± 2oC)
• Inoculum: fresh dung
• Feedstock
– human excreta, Kitchen waste
– Agro, industrial waste12/08/2016 17
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FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
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Composition of biomass
Molecules
• Protein 30-60 %
• Carbohydrate 5-30 %
• Lipid 5-10 %
• DNA 1 %
• RNA 5-15 %
• Ash (P, K+, Mg2+, etc)
• Elements
• C 40-50 %
• H 7-10 %
• O 20-30 %
• N 5-10 %
• P 1-3 %
• Ash 3-10%
Typical composition biomass formula: C1H1.8O0.5N0.2
Suppose 1 kg dry biomass contains 5 % ash, what is
the amount of organic matter in C-mol biomass?
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• Psychrophilic < 20 0C• Mesophilic 30 0C – 42 0C• Thermophilic 50 0C – 60 0C
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BASIC COMPONENTS OF A DIGESTER
12/08/2016
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PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
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PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
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PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
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PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
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CHINA
25
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
10d 20d 30d 40d 50d 60d
% B
oga
s Yi
eld
% Cummulative Yield of Biogas from Animal Manure and Stalk
Sheep Duck Rabbit Pig Chicken
Cow Corn stalk Straw stalk Wheat stalk
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
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90
-30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Tim
e (d
ays)
Temperature (oC)
Temperature vs Time of Death of Shistosomia Egg
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BIOGAS RESEARCH
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R&D: using biogas prototypes in the laboratory
6/24/2014 EMP IMC JUNE 2014 29
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BIOMASS LAB
R&Ds
Waste Treatment
Research
Biofuel Research
Bioprocessing of
agricultural residues for
for value addition
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Bomb calorimeter
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R&D
Gas analyzer etc..
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Biogas Research
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