Invasion from Mars
Transcript of Invasion from Mars
Running Time: 60 minutes
Home Station: CBS Radio
The Mercury Theatre on the Air
Host(s): Orson Welles
Frank Readick
Writer(s): Howard Koch (adaptation)
H.G. Wells (novel)
Announcer: Dan Seymour
Narrated by: Orson Welles
Air Dates: Since October 30, 1938
It was performed as a Halloween episode of the series on
October 30, 1938, and aired over the Columbia Broadcasting
System radio network. Directed and narrated by actor and
future filmmaker Orson Welles, the episode was an adaptation
of H.G. Welles’ novel The War of the Worlds (1898). It became
famous for causing mass panic, although the extent of this panic
is debated.
Herbert George Wells
(September 21, 1866 – August 13, 1946)
• A prolific English writer and social
commentary
• Father of Science Fiction
• Most notable works were The War of the
Worlds, The Time Machine, The Invisible
Man, and The Island of Doctor Moreau
• A worthy successor to Charles Dickens
George Orson Welles
(May 6, 1915 – October 10, 1985)
• an American actor, director, writer and
producer
• In theatre, Caesar (1937), In Broadway,
Julius Caesar, In radio, The War of the
Worlds (1938), & in film, Citizen Kane
(1941)
• In 2002, Welles was voted the greatest
film director of all time in two British Film
Institute polls among directors and critics
The Mercury Theatre was an independent repertory theatre company
founded in New Your City in 1937 by Orson Welles and producer John
Houseman. The company produced theatrical presentations, radio
programs and motion pictures. The Mercury also released promptbooks
and phonographic recordings of four Shakespeare works for use in schools.
After a series of acclaimed Broadway productions, the Mercury Theatre
progressed into its most popular incarnation as The Mercury Theatre on
the Air. The Mercury Theatre on the Air produced live radio dramas in
1938–1940 and again briefly in 1946.
The golden age of radio — the period when radio reached its peak
popularity with general audiences was in the 1930s and 1940s.
Columbia Broadcasting System
(January 27, 1927 - PRESENT)
Since NBC was the broadcast arm of radio set
manufacturer RCA, its chief David
Sarnoff approached his decisions as both a
broadcaster and as a hardware executive;
NBC's affiliates had the latest RCA
equipment, and were often the best-
established stations, or were on “clear
channel” frequencies. Yet Sarnoff's affiliates
were mistrustful of him. Paley had no such
split loyalties: his – and his affiliates' –
success rose and fell with the quality of CBS
programming.
National Broadcasting Company
(November 15, 1926 - PRESENT)
It is an American commercial broadcast
television and radio network. NBC is
sometimes referred to as the “Peacock
Network”, because of its present logo. NBC
stations were often the most powerful, and
some occupied unique clear -
channel national frequencies, reaching many
hundreds or thousands of miles at night.
In the late 1940s, rival Columbia Broadcasting
System (CBS) gained ground by allowing
radio stars to use their own production
companies, which was profitable for them.
Hadley Cantril
(June 16, 1906 – May 28, 1969)
• an American researcher of public opinion
and psychologist
• He was the main author of The Invasion
from Mars, A Study in the Psychology of
Panic
• He was a member of the Princeton Radio
Research Project during the early 1940s
The day after the “War of the
Worlds” broadcast, a request
came from Frank Stanton’s
employer – the Columbia
Broadcast System (CBS) – for an
opportunity to test their new
“technique.” Cantril wrote in one
personal letter: “when the
broadcast of October 30
occurred, with its responses in
mass hysteria over a wide area,
the Princeton researchers
recognized that here was a
perfect opportunity for their
inquiry.”
A person experiencing intense emotions tends to be more receptive to
ideas and therefore more suggestible. Generally, suggestibility decreases
as age increases. However, psychologists have found that individual levels
of self - esteem and assertiveness can make some people more
suggestible than others, which has resulted in the concept of a spectrum of
suggestibility.
The magic bullet theory, or the hypodermic needle model, of mass
media portrays the media as a direct, intense influence that "shoots"
beliefs and ideas into the minds of an unquestioning audience. The
theory took shape in the 1930s with the rising popularity of mass media
outlets, including radio and movies, and increased political propaganda
in both democracies and dictatorships.