Introduction to Japanese Language and Culture Prof ... · nan you know means what ji is for time...

Introduction to Japanese Language and CultureProf. Vatsala Misra

Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur

Lecture-10Watashi wa mainichi roku-ji ni okimasu (I wake up at 6' oclock everyday)

Konnichiwa everybody and welcome to the Japanese class.

(Refer Slide Time: 00:26)

Are you all ready to learn more Japanese, well in our previous classes we been doing a lot of

works, we have done number of new particles and today also we will do the same we will

learn more new words, some new expressions and also we will do some new articles today

related to time and other things as well some new kanjis as well. So are you all ready for the

class, well. but before I actually start telling you something and we start learning something

new.


We will go over our assignments, the assignments that I have given you, I will just go over

those and let us see if you have done it properly. So the first one over here is practice telling

time.


Well over here you are supposed to practice numbers, you supposed to practice learn how to

tell time, why we need to do numbers again and again, it is basically because we need

numbers a lot, numbers are for asking price for day, for date, for any other things for telling

time. So please we need to actually really do numbers very well. So please do them at home

over here will practice time.

So well you could practice with your partner or you could ask your partner or you could also

let your partner ask you and you could answer, ok this one this is (FL) so how will you say

(FL) in Japanese, we have done it earlier well you can practice (FL) or you can also say (FL)

which we did in our last class. So you can practice like this with your partner. The next one is

(FL).


Now the next assignment was we have done lot of kanjis, with kanjis for days of the week, so

the kanjis are listed over here and the days are left to do with here in pictures. So please try to

figure which one is which. So we have getsu yobi, ka yobi, sui-yobi, as you can see from

water, moku-yobi from key, kin yobi, fo yobi and last one is niche yobi. See we have only

done one reading at the moment, we have done getsu, ka, sui, moku, kin, do, niche.


These are some of the readings for these characters, there are other readings as well which we

will do in our next part, I hope you got this one right. So this one is write the readings for the

following Kanji characters, just now we did ka-yobi, ichi-ji-han, kyu, this number kyu you

did earlier, hyaku-go-ju-hachi-en, mizu, now (FL) in our previous exercise over here there is

another reading for this which is mizu which means water.

The basic meaning of this character is water. Now there is another one for you, we just now

did in our previous exercise (FL) which is Thursday, now over here the basic meaning is ki

for this character. So we have two readings for ki, o-kane, now this character we did just now

as kin-yobi, basic meaning is o-kane, so you will notice that these characters have a lot of

reading. Please remember that and how to use them as well.


Ichi-nichi, tsuchi also we did in our previous exercises, this is (FL) so now we go on the other

one, I hope you got this one right, please revise it once again. Match group A with group B,

so the Kanji characters are given over here in group A and the readings are given in group B.

Moku-yobi, o-kane, kazan, ka-yobi, mizu, indo-jin or you will remember we did this

character in the beginning, this character this is called hito as I told you earlier.

The other reading for this character is (FL) to be used with the country, meaning belonging to

that country of that have a person of that country over here it is (FL), and we have kikori,

kikori is a wood cutter, kikori, tanaka this si the name, tanaka very common name in Japan,

kin, and ki. So these are some of the Kanji characters and the readings please try to remember

them.


Now this is a simple one we did particle de last time, if you remember this was a new particle

we did last time and some pictures I given over here tell by what means or mode we go from

one place to another. So the first one is you have done these words, this vocabulary I am sure

you already know shinkansen, jitensha, densha, densha, baiku, hikoki, see there is a long

sound over here hikoki, so please not hikoki but hikoki please remember.

Kuruma, baus, takushi, so these are some of words that you have already done and by this

means you travel from one place to another. These are some of the exercises that I have given

you. Now today just before starting we will try to revise what we did last time and last time if

you remember we did doko meaning where location basically. So well just look at the

pictures and tell macro environment, tell the answer where a certain thing or where a certain

person is.


Well over here, in this case it is a ball we are talking about ball, where is the ball, (FL) so you

have two people standing over here together close by and the ball is a little further away from

them. So well what are you going to say let we see well Ball wa asoko desu, now the second

picture you have these 2 people here one person is pointing at the ball but both of them are

far away from the ball.

Once again, so well what is it going to be ball wa asoko desu ka, so please try to fill in the

space yourself. Now the third picture is ok this time we have 2 people over here gentleman A

close to the ball and this gentleman B is far away from the ball as we did last time. Well he is

pointing at the ball and does he is saying, what is he asking ball wa doku desu ka, he is asking

ball wa doku desu ka, so this gentleman over here as he is far away from the ball he can ball

wa yes ball wa soko desu.

This gentleman can also say ball wa koko desu, now we have another picture for you, in this

picture again these two are close by and the ball is again far away. So what are you going to

say well this is just revision so quickly do it, you know exactly what to say asoko desu, and

now what do we have this gentleman and a lady here and the gentleman is pointing at the

kaban whic is a bag over here.

They are both far away from the kaban, so what does he ask kaban wa what does she ask

kaban wa doko desu ka and he says kaban wa yes that is right, kaban wa asoko desu ka, so I

hope by now you all you have all understood what are asoko, soko, doko meaning and how it

is to be used.


Now today we are going to learn something new, lot of new particles, a couple of new

particles, lot of new vocabulary, lot of ahh works, so we begin with a course time because

time is very very important, so I get up at 6 o'clock everyday, how will you say that in

Japanese. So we will come to that.


Well now please listen to this radio conversation and see how much you can actually the

conversation and then whatever is not understood will do right away in class (FL).


Now the conversation is between Arun san and Mira san and two people gakko wa nan ji kara

desu ka, gakko you all know yakko is the school, wa of course we are talking about gakko,

nan you know means what ji is for time kara is from desu come back with an interrogative.

So gakko wa nan ji kara desu ka, shichi ji kara desu, from 7 o'clock, nan ji ni okimasu ka, nan

ji ni ni is for time, nan-ji no okimasu ka, ni is for time nanji ni okimasu ka.

Okimasu is together, nan-ji-ni okimasu ka mainiochi roku-ji ni okimasu, minichji everyday,

roku-ji means okimasu, I get up everyday at 6 o'clock, gakko wa nan ji ni owarimasu ka,

what time does gakko get over, gogo san ji han desu, 3:30 in the afternoon, ja well then in

that case whne gakko gets over at 3 o'clock 3:30 well in that case nan ji ni hiru gohan o

tabemasu ka, what time do you have your lunch.

Tabemasu is to eat, ju ichi ji desu, so this is the conversation, now you can see that there are 2

new particles for you ni and o and a simple word especially ja, ja is to be used when

something is already been said and then well then in that case that is what ja mean. Now I

will do the two particles with you.


This is of course in the script I would like to tell you something over here you can see all of it

is written in katakana because these are foreign words and their names for a names not

Japanese names and thus they will all be written in katakana and then also there is something

very interesting over here which generally does not happen in a Japanese script. This has

been done basically for you to understand it better, make it easy for you in Japanese when

you right.

Then there are no spaces as you can see over here, in Japanese the spaces are not there and

wa would come over here I will write it down for you and tell you just now makes it a little

complicated for us to understand as we are used to English or Hindi in India where spaces

provided what is given between words. So for you to understand better space has been given

otherwise it is not written like this in Japanese.


Then we have meanings in English for you.


Well now we will do particle ni, this is the new particle particle ni.


You will notice that we did time ima ichi ji desu, so for time ima ichi ji han desu, no you want

to perform a certain activity, you want to do something at a certain time watashi wa hachi ji

ni ikimasu or watashi wa roku ji ni tabemasu. So what am I doing I am actually performing

an activity at a certain time watashi wa roku ji ni, so after a certain time after the specified

time at a specified time I perform an activity.

So after a specified time ni is going to come the particle ni, so you are going to be used after

time and please remember that it will not be roku ni ji please it is roku ji ni, this is important,

so time will be followed by particle ni, is being done at a certain time. As you can see is

written over here when a word denotes action or movement at a particular time then the time

is marked with particle ni, ni actually means in at and on.

As in the example watashi wa roku ni ji okimasu I get up at 6 o'clock, this time expression

ashita you have done in your previous lesson (FL) all these expressions you have done this

words you know. So ashita Delihi e ekimasu, e also you have done in your last lesson, so

ashita Delhi e ikimasu, tomorrow I would go to Delhi, I will go to Delhi tomorrow. So this is

for ni, particle ni.


I can practice particle ni, look at this class, you have time over here. So you can ask your

partner what you do at a certain time. For example it is 1 o'clock it is 7 over here, 2:30 over

here, 3 o'clock, 4, 7, 8:30, 11:30, 6, 6 o'clock. So what do you do at this time. At this point

what do you do, well let us see what your friend does everyday minichi nan ji okimasu ka,

okimasu is get up, mainichi nan ji ikimasu ka, (FL) nan ji kaerimasu ka, ni ji han ikimasu,

nan ji tabemasu ka, (FL).

Once again ikamasu over here nan ji ikimasu yo ji (FL) once again tabemasu over here, then

we have nan jio nemasu ka, (FL) so these are some verbs for you which you can practice with

time at a certain time what activity you are performing.


Watashi wa roku ji ni as I told you earlier after time particle ni okimasu, you can change this

also over here tanaka san tomodachi otosan, imoto wa again time you can change the time

over here and hachiji hachi ji (FL) and then again you can also change the verb, you can put

any verb you want tabemasu, ikimasu, nomimasu, or any other verb that we have done. For

example you could say watashi wa roku ji ni okimasu.

watashi wa roku ji ni okimasu, tanaka san wa goji ni tabemasu imato wa hachi ji ni ikimasu,

so you can make a lot of small sentences with this and practice time, you can practice the

vocabulary that you have done and also you can practice the new verbs that we are going to

do and some that we have already done. Now in this only you can also practice something

else. For example there is mainichi given over here.

What you have already done mainichi, mainichi ashita, asatte, so you can also say watashi wa

mainichi roku ji ni okimasu everyday I get up at 6 o'clock in the morning. You can also add

gogo or gozen or time watashi wa mainichi goze roku ji ni okimasu. So you can also make

dialogue like this, sentences like this and have a small simple dialogue. So there is another

one asatte tanaka san wa ashita.

Gozen hachi ji ni ikimasu, so tomorrow tanaka sa will go at 8 o' clock, so a certain activity is

being performed at a certain time, you can add gogo, you can add this time expressions, the

verbs that you have done and practice with your partner, well now you have some verbs over

I have some verbs over here for you. So you can practice with the verbs. For example

mainichi which is now there is gakko.


Gakko means school as I already told you, so well watashi wa mainichi gokko e ikimasu,

watashi wa mainichi (FL) gokkao e ikimasu, e particle which you have done which shows

direction, so well the second one is uchi watashi wa mainichi ni ji han ni uchi e kerimasu, so

particle e as I told you earlier particle e will always come before verbs like ikimasu, motion

verbs basically kaerimasu and any other verbs, any other motion work that we will do later.

For the time being please remember ikimasu and kaerimasu are two words which are going to

take particle e, e as it written over it is e please remember that. then we have hiru gohan, hiru

gohan is lunch, watashi wa mainichi san ji ni hiru gohan tabemasu, (FL) I eat gohan everyday

at 3 o'clock, watashi wa mainichi yo ji ni juku e I go for my special class at 4 o; clock, then

you have watashi wa mainichi (FL) watashi wa mainichi (FL) watashi wa maiunichi hachi ji

han ni (FL) so at 8:30 everyday I have my dinner.

Then we have watashi wa mainichi (FL) so everyday I sleep at 11:30, now I hope after doing

this exercise you will be very comfortable with particle ni with these verbs that we have

done, how to make sentences with these verbs, how to use particle ni and how to use particle

e. We will also o particles very very soon.


Now there is a look at the picture and practice verbs with time. This is again practice for you

basically for you to get used to the verbs, get used to the new sounds, new vocabulary and

how to use time and verbs together. So we have this, you see someone sleeping over herem it

is night time, you can get from here well what is it then watashi wa ju ji ni nemasu, you see

some people walking (FL) which is to take a walk, well you see the gentleman returning, so

what is it, we call him Tanaka san Tanaka san wa roku ji ni uchi e kaerimasu.


And then we have tanaka san again over here, who is on phone talking someone, so we have

tanaka san wa ichi ji ni denwa o shimasu, so this way you can practice your verbs and your

time. Now there is particle opportunities this is a new particle, so far we have done particle

wa which is the subject particle on the topic particle, particle ni which tells about time

particle wa particle ni, particle ka which is a question particle mo which means also.


Then particle ne which is used for confirmation, so well will do a news particle now, particle

o, so now these particles are actually used to join words, to connect words one another to

make proper sentence. So well over here watashi wa mainichi ringo o tabemasu, watashi wa

mainichi everyday watashi is i watashi wa mainichi ringo o, this is a noun, this is a verb

already know that the subject comes in the beginning of a sentence every time.

Whenever you are talking about something the topic or subject of conversation is always

right here in the beginning, then the verb is in the end in Japanese well what happens about

the object, when the object will always come in the middle. So over here you can see action

word directly related with the noun. So Japanese as a subject object verb construction

basically with subject coming here, the object coming in between.

And the verb coming in the end of this verb is directly related with the noun of the object

over here, what do I do everyday I eat and I hope it is clear particle o, now over here what we

can do is you can again replace watashi over here with noun 1 which could be anybody

otosan sensei tomodachi, this noun 2 over here could be anything again orenji ringo, ju-su,

nomimasu, nomimasu means to drink.

So watashi wa mainichi orenji otabemasu, orenji otabemasu, otosan ju-su o otabeasu, sensei

wa mainihcic hte ringo otabemasu, so you can use this instruction with particle o particle are

simple basically showing relationship between (FL) we practice it right now, particle o

indicates that the word preceding o is the direct object of the verb following. So you can very

clearly read, when the verb shimamsu to do is used then shimasu means that the action

denoted by the noun is being performed.

For example ringo o tabemasu what is the action you are eating, I eat an apple, juice fk I

drink juice (FL) what am I doing I am working, so you can see the direct relationship with the

verb.


Now this is practice for you, you can replace the noun ringo with words given below sakana

is fish, mikan is orange, yasai is vegetable, kudamono fruit, niku is meet and aisukuri-mu is

ice cream as in English because you can easily make up because it is in katakana, so wet is an

English word ice cream well this is some practice for you here just replace this word ringo

with any of these and you eat that practice it with your friend.


The question would be anata wa nani o tabemasu ka, nani, so far you have only done nan

which means what you remember you have not done nani so far, nani is here meaning exactly

the same nani, nani are exactly similar there is no difference, the only place where the defer is

nan generally is used with numbers and nani is used in other places most of the time meaning

is exactly the same means what.

So anata wa nani (FL) watashi wa rungo o tabemasu, so you can practice like this, put any

noun over here in place of ringo and practice with your partner and use the vocabulary that

we have learnt. You can also remember the sentence instruction sentence pattern, practice by

replacing the noun in the verb and make sentences with the help of words given below.

Well this is another practice for you which you can do we have watashi wa mainichi ringo o

tabemasu exactly what we did in our previous exercise well, you can also use the negative

which is (FL) as you can see watashi wa ringo o tabemasu, tabemasu is I it and (FL) now hte

negative for tabemasu is tabe and masen, tabe masss and tabemasen (FL) means I will I do

not eat an apple.


So you can use any tabemasu or tabemasen whichever you want, there is this group of words

over here and there is this group of words over here for you, you can use either in mass form

or in masen form as I just showed you on the board instead of masu over here you can masen

and that become negative. So there are en number of sentences you can make with these two

sets watashi wa mainichi (FL) tabemasu.

Tanaka san wa mainichi sakana o tabemasen,(FL) so whichever you want to use masu or

masen you can use that it is called the mass form because it has mass in positive and in

negative and later on also you will see in the past and the past negative also it has mass from

somewhere that it is called mass. So you can practice at home with your partner and feel

conformable with mass and masen and particle o.


Now look at the picture please tell what are they doing tanaka san we have tanaka san and

friend from now onwards in class all the time and will refer to people as Tanaka san

anywhere in the picture. So what is tanaka san doing, tanaka san nani o shiomasu ka, tanaka

san wa hatarakimasu (FL). Tanaka san wa kaerimasu, (FL) tanaka san (FL) tanaka san wa

yomimasu (FL).


So this is how you can practice particle o, you can practice all your verbs, and you can make

sentences with different combinations which will help you in conversation later. Now we

been talking about eating all the time, well the Japanese do a certain action before actually

starting to eat and you tell me what they do, when generally say a small prayer before we

start eating and it would be even before eating it could be even before just having a cup of

tea.

Originally a small snack generally they would say something when what is that join your

hands before your food and say thank you god for all the food that you are giving me when

the word is itadakimasu meaning thank you god for the food that you are giving me. So this is

a custom, this is a system followed by all Japanese anywhere before they start eating the

generally say this phrase.


You can start doing it from today as you all are learning Japanese, so you can start this well

now there is a small conversation for you radio conversation please listen to that and see how

much you understand. I will tell you and read out to you once again, but before that please

listen to this, (FL) well now the kaiwa is between two people Amit and Roa. I will read out

the kaiwa which is conversation or dialogue ashita kara shuccho desu ka.

Hai, so desu, doko e ikimasu, Mumbai e ikimasu, itsu modpromaru ka, rai getsu no muika

desu, aa watashi wa muika ni kni e, kaerimasu, soshite go gatsu no futsuka ni modorimasu aa,

so, well this is a simple conversation a small dialogue ashita you already know, the new

world is shuccho, shuccho is a business trip when you go on tour from office it is called

shuccho.

So ashita kara shuccho desu ka from tomorrow you are going for your (FL) hai so desu, doko

e ikimasu ka, Mumbai e ikimasu itsu modoriomaseu ka itsu means when, you have already

done this well, itsu is when for time, itsu modorimas ka where are you going to return

raigetsu no muuika desu, rai getsu is next month no muika this is the 6 of next month desu it

is a 6 of next month.

Aa, watashi wa muika ni kuni e kertimasu so again you will see with date particle ni is used

over here earlier we have done particle ni with time. Now this time over here in this

conversation you will see that particle ni is also used with date, aa watashi wa muika nikuni e

kaerimasu on 6 I will return to my country. Soshite is a new word which is a conjunction and

unlike English where conjunction join sentences in Japanese conjunction starts.

So start a sentence over here you will see the sentence ends over here after kaerimasu and

then sohite which means end starts over here, soshite and go gatsu no futsuka ni modorimasu

go gatsu no futsuka ni modoprimasu that is may no futkasu seond of over the mass I will

return, futsuka again is date futsuka ni so on the (FL) that is simple expression o I have this is

the simple conversation with this new particle soshite which means end.


And always begins in sentence, so you can practice this again at home.


Now as we always do we will do Kanji which are pictograms and ideograms and we will be

doing a lot of Kanji characters in our previous lessons. Kanjis you know can be divided into

different groups, how would you look up kanji in a Kanji dictionary, how would you do that,

well for that kanji are divided into sections as you can say it is divided into radicals is divided

groups by stroke order.


And it is also divided into groups with the help of the readings, when will not get too much

into detail of what exactly each one is and how it is done but well there are about 214 radical

and these radicals are very interesting because the basic meaning of the Kanji character

comes from these radicals, but these radicals in a characters can be anywhere it could be on

the left side, it could be on the right side, it could on top over here in a kanji character, it

could cover the kanji character completely.

It could also be on the left side like this, it could also be on the top like this, so this can be

anywhere as you can see it can be all over the place, the radical could be placed anywhere in

a complicated Kanji character. Now some simple Kanji that you have already done in class or

actually radicals. For example this character which is hito which means a van, itself a radical.

This character which means sun or can also means light or brightness or day is also a radical.

So lot of characters, lot of Kanji characters which will have the meaning of light, bright day

or sun associated with that will be in this group in this radical will have this radical definitely

as a character. For example you have you have done this character of (FL) which means day,

as in a week, like this, this is what we did earlier in our previous class. So now this is one

single character this means yo, this means day, so the sun flies on the wings of a bird.


On a on the wings of a fat bird from one place to another, now how do you have this

character over here as sun, this kanji goes under this radical, that is all radical is divided 214

radicals and all the kanji characters about 1900 kanji characters are divided into these radicals

and then also you have which stroke order a complicated kanji like this as about how many

strokes has count 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 sorry 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,

8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17, 18.

All it has 18 lines for stroke order it is divided with the help of stroke order because there are

single stroke kanjis also, there are 2 stroke kanjis also, there are 3 stroke kanjis also. So all

this goes up till 23, so you have complicated characters of 23 strokes. Then also kanjis are

divided with the help of readings. For example each kanji has a number of readings number

of readings we have already done quite a few of them.

So they can also be divided with those reading a certain reading could be a certain set of kanji

with a similar reading could be in one group and a certain set of country character certain set

of Kanji readings could be in another. As we go ahead you will you will realise what it is. So

for the time being I think this much is enough we go into too much detail and will try to do

the countries that we have to do.


So well the kanji that we are going to do are gogo four stroke character gogo and you can see

over here go means noon, noon again I will make it for you once again over here 1, 2 3 and 4

go, then we have go again, so well now you can see (FL) so you will see as I told you earlier

every time the kanji character will end over here on the right lower corner of the square that

this character over here gogo means (FL) or later later later gogo you did gogo and gozen.


So you have go and go as gogo afternoon, so well this character is of 9 strokes, also you have

one more character 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 I will do it once again 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9, so 9

stroke character 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ,6 ,7 ,8 and 9 like this means before earlier means my or another

reading is zen as you can see so it is go zen gozen means A.M or morning and it is also a 9

stroke character.


Now there are some words with these Kanji characters or vocabulary, you have done this

words earlier, all you need to do now is to know the kanji character mainichi everyday, asa

morning, kyo today and if you remember we have done this character ima as well earlier, this

is also ima kyo kyo is ima ichi which is today, then we have kino that is yesterday. So these

are some of the new characters you can learn these do this and remember them.


At least if you look at them regularly you will be able to recognise them when you see them

somewhere written somewhere. Now some words with Kanji characters gozen-chu, gozen-

chu means gozen is morning and chu means all through all morning, izen, izen means before

or earlier, igo means since then, hito mae means in public in front of people mae means front

of a head, so front of people.

Ni ni mae means are 2 people, gogo as you already know you did with time is PM, gozen

A.M as we have done with time earlier. Now another reading for zen is my and the kanji is

here which I made for you on the board which means ahead and over here (FL) and over here

it is go, this character has two readings go and (FL). If you look at the kanji in slide you will

see that two readings written over there.


Then a name for you simple name we did earlier in one of our dresses long names well you

can write these names now in kanji you can understand them how it is simple (FL) ok so now

we have some new words for you, some vocabulary for reference well you could repeat after

me sen getsu, kon-getsu and the meanings are given over here, rai-getsu, sarai-getsu, sakana,

fuku, gohan, shoosetsu, yakuu.


And some words as well shimasu, nomimasu, kaimasu, please repeat after me, tsukurimasu,

okimasu, modorimasu, tabemasu, yomimasu, mimasu, nemasu, sanpoo shimasu.


Well now it is now for you to do all assignments is your work.


And that begins there is this assignment when you have to write the Kanji characters for all

the underlined words. So please try to do these Kanji characters try to practice this, all the

characters are given in your previous lessons.


Match the following Kanji characters with words in Roman in column B. so you have Kanji

characters in column A and then you have the Roman written in column B. You look at the

picture, and practice with your partner by asking him about his daily schedule. So the

schedule is given, all the pictures are there, the time is given plus the words are given in

English. So you have to do the verbs in Japanese.


And of course you could look at the picture and ask mainichi anani o tabemasu ka, and this

would help in vocabulary.

(Refer Slide Time: 1:00:06)

And in the end this is for you to tell what the verb, practiced your verbs by looking at the

picture asking your partner what they are doing and then answering. So please try to do that

at home, practice all that we have done, do the vocabulary, do the verbs, do time and practice

particle ni, particle o, and then we do (FL).


(FL) mata aimashoo.


Arigatou gozaimasu, thank you.

Introduction to Japanese Language and Culture Prof ... · nan you know means what ji is for time...

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