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Research Article Impact Factor: 4.226 ISSN: 2319-507X R. R. Gadpal, IJPRET, 2015; Volume 3 (8): 487-495 IJPRET

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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND

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SPECIAL ISSUE FOR NATIONAL LEVEL CONFERENCE

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FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF THIN RECTANGULAR PLATES USING FINITE

ELEMENT TECHNIQUES

R. R. GADPAL Department of Applied Mechanics, Govt. Polytechnic, Arvi Dist.(Wardha)

Accepted Date: 13/03/2015; Published Date: 01/04/2015

Abstract: A free vibration analysis of thin rectangular isotropic plate is presented in this paper. This presentation consists of determination of fundamental vibration frequencies of thin rectangular plates with simply supported or fixed edges. The frequencies are determined by the finite element method using iteration technique. The parameters considered in the analysis were the aspect ratio of the plate’s side lengths and the boundary conditions. The frequency coefficients are determined for the plate with classical boundary conditions, by numerical analysis and show good agreement with those determined by classical method. A simple design formula is proposed to aid structural engineers to estimate the fundamental frequencies of such rectangular plates.

Keywords- Fundamental natural Frequencies, Thin Rectangular Plate, Boundary Conditions, Shape Function and Algebraic Equation

Corresponding Author: MR. R. R. GADPAL

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INTRODUCTION

Rectangular plates are one of the most important structural elements that are of interest in the

field of civil, mechanical, automobile, aerospace, optical, marine, nuclear and structural

engineering. Plates and their differential characteristics enable engineers to design better and

lighter structures. The Study of their free vibration behaviour is very important to the structural

engineers when these structures are subjected to external complicated dynamic loads such as

earthquake, wind, impact and wave forces. An understanding of the free vibration frequencies

of any system (especially, the fundamental frequency) is the prerequisite to the understanding

of its response to forced vibration. In buildings, horizontal floors are usually in the form of

rectangular plates, which are directly exposed to static and dynamic loadings.

II LITERATURE REVIEW

A long ago in 1823 Navier obtained the exact solution of bending of rectangular plate with all

edges simply supported using a double trigonometric series [1]. In 1899, by using a single

Fourier series Levy developed a method for solving plate bending problems with two opposite

edges simply supported and the remaining two opposite edges with arbitrary conditions of

support [2]. Cheung Y.K. and Cheung M.S. reported a paper on flexural vibrations of rectangular

and other polygonal plates in 1971 [3]. Leissa, in 1973, analysed the rectangular plates for free

vibration analysis, presented accurate analytical results for the cases having two opposite edges

simply supported whereas the remaining two opposite edges with possible combinations of

clamped, simply supported and free edge conditions by using Ritz method [4]. Gorman

examined free vibration analysis of rectangular plates with combinations of clamped and simply

supported end conditions in 1982 [5]. Fan S.C. and Cheung Y.K. presented a paper in 1984 on

flexural free vibrations of rectangular plates with complex support conditions [6].

Recently, Jiu and Chen in 2007 gave exact solutions for free vibration analysis of rectangular

plates using Bessel’s functions [7]. In 2013, Ezeh J.C. and others have presented dynamic

analysis of isotropic SSSS plate using Tayler series shape function in Galerkin’s functional [8].

Ajay Patil has presented free vibration analysis of thin isotropic rectangular plate in 2014[9].

Undamped free vibration analysis of the entire building is performed as per established

methods of mechanics using appropriate masses and elastic stiffness of the structural system to

obtain natural period (T) and mode shape {ɸ} of those of its modes of vibration that need to be

considered as per I.S.1893-2002(part 1) clause No. 7.8.4.2.[10]



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Analytical solutions for dynamic response of plates are available for very few cases i.e. for plate

with simple geometry and boundary conditions. But for plate with complex boundary and

boundary conditions, solutions are possible only with the help of numerical methods. The most

commonly used numerical method is finite element method. Due to edge beams, the

rectangular plates are in a state of restrained conditions. Thus the present study presents the

first mode of vibration frequencies of rectangular plates with fixed edges. The frequencies are

determined by the finite element method. The parameters considered in the analysis are the

aspect ratio, λ , and fixity factor, and ƒ . The fixity factor, ƒ = 0.0 refers to a simply supported

edge and ƒ = 1.0 a completely fixed edge. The changes of the fundamental frequency are

represented by the algebraic equation of three parameters, λ , and ƒ . The frequencies

estimated by the proposed algebraic equation coincide well with those obtained by the finite

element method, which can serve as a design aid for structural engineers.

III. FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION

The floor slabs commonly encountered in buildings are usually modelled as thin rectangular

plates where the effects of transverse shear deformation and rotary inertia are neglected. For

the free vibration analysis, consider a thin rectangular plate of length Lx, width Ly and thickness

= h , the x and y axes are made to be along the principal directions and the z axis is

perpendicular to the xy plane as shown in Fig. 1 ,

Fig.1: Rectangular plate with dimensions and parameters

Fig. 2 shows a rectangular plate element having 4 displacement nodes. Each node is associated

with 3 degrees of freedom, namely the vertical deflection (



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The displacement function w within an element can be expressed through the use of shape

functions and the nodal displacement vector {δ}:

w = [N1, N2...........N12] T = [N] {δ} ...(1)

The shape functions [11] are given by

N1 = (1 – ξ) (1 – ɳ) (2 – ξ2– ɳ2– ξ– ɳ) / 8 , N2 = (1 – ξ) (1 – ɳ) (1 – ξ2) a / 8 ,

N3 = (1 – ξ) (1 – ɳ) (1– ɳ2) b / 8 , N4 = (1 – ξ) (1 + ɳ) (2 – ξ2– ɳ2– ξ+ ɳ) / 8 ,

N5 = (1 – ξ) (1 + ɳ) (1 – ξ2) a / 8 , N6 = – (1 – ξ) (1 + ɳ) (1– ɳ2) b / 8,

N7 = (1 + ξ) (1 + ɳ) (2 – ξ2– ɳ2 + ξ+ ɳ) / 8 , N8 = (1 + ξ) (1 + ɳ) (1 – ξ2) a / 8 ,

N9 = (1 + ξ) (1 + ɳ) (1 – ɳ2) b / 8 , N10 = (1 + ξ) (1 ɳ) (2 – ξ2– ɳ2 + ξ – ɳ) / 8 ,

N11 = (1 + ξ) (1 ɳ) (1 – ξ2) a / 8 , N12 = (1 + ξ) (1 – ɳ) (1 – ɳ2) b / 8 ,

where ξ = x /a and ɳ = y / b ...(2)

Using the above displacement functions, we can derive the following element stiffness matrices

by equating the flexural strain energy of an element to the external work done by the inertia

force. Thus,

[k] = [kb] – ω2 [mc] ...(3)

Where the flexural stiffness matrix [kb] and the consistent mass matrix [mc] are given by



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[kb] = . [D] . [C] dxdy ...(4a)

[kb] = . [N] dxdy ...(4b)

and [C] and [D] are defined as

[C] = , [D] = ...(5a,b)

The explicit form of the final results of the integrals[12] indicated in Eqs. (4a) and (4b) are given

by

[kb] =

...(6a)

[mc] =

...(6b)



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fx

fy fy

fx

The factors F=1 / (1- f ) introduced in Eq.6(a) has the fixity factor ‘f’ which is defined as when

the member end is simply supported f = 0.0 and when the member end is completely fixed f

= 1.0.

IV FREQUENCY FORMULATION

When the plate is sub-divided into elements, the element stiffness and mass matrices are

assembled using a standard assembly procedure and the proper boundary conditions are

applied, we get the matrix equation in the following form for the complete plate.

( [Kb] − ω2 [Mc]{∆} = {Q} , where {Q} = 0 for free vibrations ...(8)

To obtain the fundamental frequency by iteration technique [13] and [14], the above equation

is transformed into the following form

( [Kb]−1 [Mc] − {∆} = { 0} ...(9)

where [ I ] is the identity matrix

V REGRESSION FORMULA

The natural fundamental frequencies of the plate can be determined using classical methods as

well as using finite element technique which is widely reported in the literature. It is well known

that the numerical analysis results are valid only for particular values of the parameters

considered in the analysis. The structural engineers concerned with dynamic analysis or design

of rectangular plates need a design formula for rapid determination of the governing natural

frequency. In view of this, the changes of the fundamental frequency coefficient were assumed

to take the following form of the algebraic function given by Eq.10. The numerical values of the

polynomial coefficients were determined by regression technique reported in literature and

reproduced in Table 1.

Ly λ = Ly / Lx , , (C=Cfem= Creg )

Creg = (Ao+A1 λ+ A2 λ2)+ (Bo+B1 λ+ B2 λ2) fx+(Co+C1 λ+

Lx C2 λ2) fy +(Do+D1 λ+D2 λ2) fx2+(Eo+E1 λ+E2 λ2)

(fx.fy) +(Fo+F1 λ+F2 λ2) fy2 ...(10)



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Table 1: Regression Constants

Ao 31.950 Co 2.342 Eo -4.678

A1 -15.743 C1 12.414 E1 3.267

A2 2.994 C2 -2.191 E2 -0.594

Bo 29.275 Do -8.202 Fo 2.568

B1 -22.784 D1 6.069 F1 -7.515

B2 4.488 D2 -1.155 F2 1.291

In columns shown in Table 2 Creg denote the frequencies estimated by the Eq.(10). On

comparison with Cfem it shows good agreement with the results.

Table 2: Natural frequencies ‘ω’ for rectangular plates (non dimensional coefficients)

BC- Boundary Conditions, SS – Simply Supported, CC – Clamped.

VI CONCLUSIONS:

The fundamental frequencies for rectangular plate with different boundary conditions were

determined by finite element method. In general the increase of fixity at the plate edges

increase the plate dynamic stability. The fixity factor increase along the long side of the plate is

more efficient than that of along short side of the plate. A design formula in the form of

algebraic fraction is used to aid designer to estimate the fundamental frequencies of such

plates.

Aspect ratio λ BC fx =0.0 (SS) fx =1.0 (CC)

Cfem Creg Cfem Creg 1.0 fy = 0.0 (SS) 19.635 19.201 28.727 26.892

fy =1.0 (CC) 28.727 28.110 35.635 33.796 2.0 fy = 0.0 (SS) 12.309 12.440 13.637 13.445

fy =1.0 (CC) 23.757 23.548 24.498 24.003 3.0 fy =0.0 (SS) 10.953 11.667 11.337 12.592

fy =1.0 (CC) 22.967 23.174 23.164 23.876



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REFERENCES:

1. Navier C.L.M.H. -“Extrait des recherché sur la flexion des plans elastiques”, Bull. Sci. Soc.

Philomarhique de Paris, 5, pp 95-102, (1823).

2. Levy M. – “Sur L’equilibrie Elastique D’une Plaque Rectangulaire” , C. R. Acad. Sci., 129, pp

535-539,(1899).

3. Cheung Y.K. and Cheung M.S.- “Flexural vibrations of rectangular and other polygonal

plates”, Journal of Engineering Mechanics Divisions, American Society of Civil Engineers, 97, pp

391- 411, (1971).

4. Leissa A. W. – “Free vibration of rectangular plates”, Journal of Sound and Vibration. 31(3),

pp 257 -293, (1973).

5. Gorman D.J.- “Free vibration analysis of rectangular plates”, North Holland Elsevier (1982).

6. Fan S.C. and Cheung Y.K.- “Flexural free vibration of rectangular plates with complex support

conditions”’ Journal of Sound and Vibration. 93, pp 81 - 94, (1984).

7. Jiu Hu Wu A. Q. Liu and H.L. Chen – “Exact solutions for free - vibration analysis of

rectangular plates using Bessel’s functions”, Journal of Applied Mechanics, ASME , 74, pp 1247 -

1252 (2007).

8. Ezeh J.C., Ibearugbulem O.M., Njoku K.O., Ettu L.O., - “Dynamic analysis of isotropic SSSS

plate using Tayler series shape function in Galerkin’s functional , International Journal of

Emerging Technology and Advance Engineering, 3, pp 372 – 375, (2013).

9. Ajay Patil – “Free vibration analysis of thin isotropic rectangular plate”, International Journal

of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology and Advance, 3, pp 77 – 80,

(2014)

10. IS 1893:2002 – Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures (Part 1), pp 24-26,

(2002).

11. Zienkiewicz O.C.-“The Finite Element Method”, Third Edition,Tata McGraw Hill Publishing

Co.Ltd., pp 234-240, (1979).

12. Zingoni Alphose-“Vibration analysis and Structural Dynamics for civil Engineers”, CRC Press,

Taylor & Francis Group, First Edition, pp 233-247, (2014).



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13. Klaus.-.Jurgen Bathe - Finite Element Procedures , Fourth Reprint, Prentice Hall of India Pvt.

Ltd. pp 861-892, (1997).

14. T. R. Chandrupatla and A. D. Belegundu - Introduction to Finite Elements in Engineering,

Second Edition, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. pp 371-392, (1998).

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