International experience of biological removal of ...
Transcript of International experience of biological removal of ...
Torresi Elena, Veolia Water Technologies-AnoxKaldnes, Herning 2020-09-01
International experience of biological removal of micropollutants, eXenoTM technology
I. How well do existing AK MBBR and HYBAS™ plant remove micropollutants?
II. eXeno™ technologies: overview of pilot plants
III. eXenO3™: polishing of ozonated wastewater with MBBR
Outline
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• HRT ≠ SRT -> “Sludge retention time” on carriers very long and therefore very specialized biomass
• Improved efficiency due to adaptability to the toxic and shock conditions
• Customized treatment line with specialized biomass
Biofilms vs Activated sludge: What is the gain for the micropollutant
removal?
AnoxKaldnes™ HYBAS™
IFAS = Integrated Fixed Film Activated sludge= Activated sludge+ MBBR
MBBR= Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor
AnoxKaldnes™ MBBR
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• Biofilms generally improve the biodegradation of medium and difficult degradable compounds
• What about our full-scale reference MBBRs and HYBAS™?
Biological removal with biofilm: AnoxKaldnes™ HYBAS™ and MBBR
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I. How well do existing AK MBBR and HYBAS™ plant remove micropollutants?
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Mainstream treatment process
• WWTP in Italy: MBBR vs AS
• WWTP in Sweden: HYBAS™ vs AS
Tertiary MBBR (for tertiary nitrification)
• MBBR in UK WWTP
• MBBR in IT WWTP
Full-scale MBBR and HYBAS ™ sampling campaign
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Full-scale sampling of WWTP in Italy: MBBR vs AS
Exising CAS line
17 000 PE
MBBR line to 35 000 PE
- Increase capacity
- From carbon only to nitrogen
Removal of micropollutants in the lab-trial (WWTP in Italy)
8Increased degradation rates in MBBR line for 70% of the compounds
MBBR VS AS
Batch test results in the lab, spiking 21 substances
0 4 8 1 2 1 6 2 0 2 4
0 . 0
0 . 2
0 . 4
0 . 6
0 . 8
1 . 0
I o h e x o l
T i m e ( h )
Cw
/C
0
0 4 8 1 2 1 6 2 0 2 4
0 . 0
0 . 2
0 . 4
0 . 6
0 . 8
1 . 0
D i c l o f e n a c
T i m e ( h )
Cw
/C
0
ND:Not degradaded
Increasing k (biodegradation
kinetics) in MBBR compared
to AS:
+ : >30%
++ : 50-70%
+++: >100%
Compound % increase of k with MBBR
1-H-benzotriazole
5-cholobenzotriazole +++
5-methyl-1h-benzotriazole +
Atenolol +
Azithomycin
Bezafibrate
Bicalutamide ND
Carbamazepine ND
Citalopram +++
Claritomycin +
Clofibric acid +++
Diclofenac +++
Erythromycin
Hydrochlorothiazide ND
Iohexol ++
Ketoprofen +++
Metoprolol ++
Mycophenolic acid +++
Sertraline ND
Sulfamethoxazole
Venlafaxine +++
• 6 parallel lines
• 2 lines turned into HYBAS™ in 2012
• Sampling of carriers and sludge in the AS and HYBAS™ line
• Batch experiment with spiked micropollutants to compare suspended biomass only and suspended biomass and carriers together
Full-scale sampling of WWTP in Sweden: HYBAS™ vs AS
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Biological removal in mainstream: AnoxKaldnes™ HYBAS™
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HYBAS™ VS AS
Batch test results in the lab, spiking 21 substances
0 4 8 1 2 1 6 2 0 2 4
0 . 0
0 . 2
0 . 4
0 . 6
0 . 8
1 . 0
I o h e x o l
T i m e ( h )
Cw
/C
0
0 4 8 1 2 1 6 2 0 2 4
0 . 0
0 . 2
0 . 4
0 . 6
0 . 8
1 . 0
D i c l o f e n a c
T i m e ( h )
Cw
/C
0
Biofilms generally improve the biodegradation of
medium and difficult degradable compounds
Compound % increase of k with HYBAS™
1-H-benzotriazole ++
5-cholobenzotriazole ++
5-methyl-1h-benzotriazole +++
Atenolol +
Azithomycin +++
Bezafibrate ++
Bicalutamide ND
Carbamazepine ++
Citalopram +++
Claritomycin ++
Clofibric acid +++
Diclofenac +++
Erythromycin ++
Hydrochlorothiazide ND
Iohexol +++
Ketoprofen ++
Metoprolol +
Mycophenolic acid ++
Sertraline +
Sulfamethoxazole +
Venlafaxine +
ND:Not degradaded
Increasing k (biodegradation
kinetics) in MBBR compared
to HYBAS™:
+ : >30%
++ : 50-70%
+++: >100%
MBBR for tertiary nitrification –MBBR Plant in UK
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Treated effluent
A
B
Influent
Municipal WWTP
Tertiary removal to achieve more stringent limits of NH4-N effluent concentration (NH4-N < 1 mg/l)
Patended flow pattern rotated to ensure even biofilm development between the two tanks, and maximize operation performance (nitrification removal) in the 2 MBBR tanks
Effluent
MBBR for tertiary nitrification –MBBR Plant in UK
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Treated effluent
Influent
Municipal WWTP
Effluent
A
B
Tertiary removal to achieve more stringent limits of NH4-N effluent concentration (NH4-N < 1 mg/l)
Patended flow pattern rotated to ensure even biofilm development between the two tanks, and maximize operation performance (nitrification removal) in the 2 MBBR tanks
Full-scale campaign:
• Only 11 measured compounds over 23 targeted micropollutants
• Removal >25% for most of the detected pharmaceuticals (process not optimized for micropollutants but only to remove NH4-N down to 1 mg/l)
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MBBR for tertiary nitrification - Results from MBBR Plant in UK
0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0
S e r t r a l i n e
C i t a l o p r a m
V e n l a f a x i n e
C a r b a m a z e p i n e
5 - m e t h y l - 1 h - b e n z o t r i a z o l e
1 - H - b e n z o t r i a z o l e
M e t o p r o l o l
E r y t h r o m y c i n
5 - c h o l o b e n z o t r i a z o l e
D i c l o f e n a c
B e z a f i b r a t e
A t e n o l o l
M y c o p h e n o l i c a c i d
M e a s u r e d
N D
Removal of the remaining compounds predicted by batch experiment
Potential high removal of
• very difficult X-ray contrast media Iohexol (>60%) : not present in full-scale
• mycophenolic acid, ketoprofen, atenolol (50%)
Additionally to tertiary removal of NH4-N (<1 mg/l), removal of micropollutants
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MBBR for tertiary nitrification - Results from MBBR Plant in UK
0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0
S e r t r a l i n e
C i t a l o p r a m
V e n l a f a x i n e
C a r b a m a z e p i n e
5 - m e t h y l - 1 h - b e n z o t r i a z o l e
1 - H - b e n z o t r i a z o l e
M e t o p r o l o l
E r y t h r o m y c i n
C l a r y t h r o m y c i n
A z i t h o m y c i n
5 - c h o l o b e n z o t r i a z o l e
D i c l o f e n a c
B e z a f i b r a t e
A t e n o l o l
I o h e x o l
K e t o p r o f e n
M y c o p h e n o l i c a c i d
P r e d i c t e d
N D
N D
N D
N D
* ND: not degraded
• Two MBBR in series for teritary nitrification
• Use of oure O2 for oxygenation
• K1 were sampled in both stages• To investigate if different ammonia
loads will have an impact on the kinetics of micropollutants
MBBR for tertiary nitrification - WWTP Plant in Italy
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MBBR for tertiary nitrification – Results from WWTP in Italy
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0 4 8 1 2 1 6 2 0 2 4
0 . 0
0 . 2
0 . 4
0 . 6
0 . 8
1 . 0
B e z a f i b r a t e
T i m e ( h )
Cw
/C
0
0 4 8 1 2 1 6 2 0 2 4
0 . 0
0 . 2
0 . 4
0 . 6
0 . 8
1 . 0
C i t a l o p r a m
T i m e ( h )
Cw
/C
0
Higher potential removal of micropollutants in the first
stage MBBR: removal of micropollutants related to
ammonia load
0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0
C a r b a m a z e p i n e
H y d r o c h l o r o t h i a z i d e
S e r t r a l i n e
S u l f a m e t h o x a z o l e
1 H - b e n z o t r i a z o l e
5 - c h l o r o b e n z o t r i a z o l e
5 - m e t h y - 1 h - b e n z o t r i a z o l e
C l a r i t o m y c i n
D i c l o f e n a c
E r y t h r o m y c i n
I o h e x o l
A z i t h o m y c i n
M e t o p r o l o l
V e n l f a x i n e
M y c o p h e n o l i c a c i d
B e z a f i b r a t e
C l o f i b r i c a c i d
B i c a l u t a m i d e
K e t o p r o f e n
A t e n o l o l
C i t a l o p r a m
P r e d i c t e d B e r g a m o
N D
N D
N D
N D
* ND: not degraded
• Biofilms (MBBR or HYBAS™) generally improve the biodegradation of medium and difficult degradable compounds also at full-scale
• HYBAS™ seems to select for key bacteria specialized for removal of micropollutants
• Tertiary nitrifying MBBRs present already a fair removal potential of micropollutants
• Higher with higher ammonia load
• How to optimize those systems for micropollutants? ->eXeno™ technolgy
Key message of the full-scale campaigns
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II. eXeno™ technologies: overview of pilot plants
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1. Boosting of biomass growth through rotating flow pattern (patent of VWT)
2. Selection of microorganisms for micropollutants removal based on biofilm thickness control
3. Not only micropollutants but also tertiary nitrogen removal
eXenoTM - M solution for municipal wastewater
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Influent Treated effluent
Municipal WWTPeXenoTM - M polishing technology
By-passed high loaded wastewater
Returned to WWTP
A B
C
eXeno™ piloting in DK and SE
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LandskronaHerning
Assens
On going
eXeno™ piloting
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Low COD/N load High COD/N loadHigh COD/N load
eXeno™ piloting
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Low COD/N load High COD/N loadHigh COD/N load
Time (h)
C(µ
g/l)
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
Re
sid
ual
frac
tio
n (c
/c0)
Time (h)
Ibuprofen
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
Re
sid
ual
frac
tio
n (c
/c0)
Time (h)
Iohexol
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
Re
sid
ual
frac
tio
n (c
/c0)
Time (h)
Metoprolol
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
Re
sid
ual
frac
tio
n (c
/c0)
Time (h)
Atenolol
OxicAnoxicAnaerob
Resid
ual fr
action (
C/C
0)
K (
h-1
) *
10-3
Time (h)
eXeno™ piloting outcomes
Regeneration phase every 6-48 hoursLong starvation phase seems to improve biodegradability
5-15% of WWTP influent flow by-passed to regeneration line Intermittent aeration allows for nitrification and denitrification in the regeneration line
Design will be finilized with results from Mereff project!
eXenoTM for municipal wastewater effluents: results from trials
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Efficiency tested for >20 pharmaceuticals in 2 pilots and lab tests through batch experiments and measuring campaigns
Biological removal of substances up to 80%Average removal of 10 substances of 50%
Removal of substances can vary depending ● on nitrogen and carbon loading applied during the
regeneration phase of eXenoTM operation ● on the duration of the regeneration phase and main
treatment line● HRT
III. eXenO3™: polishing of ozonated wastewater with MBBR
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eXenO3TM - Hybrid solutions
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Removal of transformation products created through ozonation
1st Reference in Germany (Warburg, 2017)2nd Reference in Germany (Rheda, 2020
Municipal WWTP
O3
WWTP Warburg
Project: Ozonation with MBBR-post treatment
Size: 120.000 PE
Flow: 662 m3/h
eXenO3TM - results from Warburg WWTP
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Itzel et al. 2019. Evaluation of a biological post-treatment after full-
scale ozonation at a municipal wastewater treatment plant
Results from eXenO3TM at Warburg WWTP (Germany)
eXenO3TM
• 60% reduction in the number of features =
micropollutants
• Simultaneously, 241 new features were formed
by ozonation (transformation products TP,
mostly of carbamazepine, diclofenac, metoprolol,
terbutryn)
• TP elimination rate of 95% by the biological
post-treatment MBBR (ozonated TP not found
after MBBR)
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Thank you!