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Integration of MigrantsNeli Esipova, Anita Pugliese, Kirti KanitkarGallup
Life of Native Born versus Migrants
Subjective wellbeing: evaluative and experiential (Kahneman and Riis, 2005)
In Wellbeing: The Five Essential Elements, Gallup researchers discuss the importance of career, social connections, personal economics, personal health, and community to a person’s overall wellbeing. (Rath and Harter, 2010)
Used this framework to describe the migrant experience: Subjective wellbeing, physical, financial, career, social, religion, community, and national institutions.
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Gallup World Poll
Annually polling between 120-150 countries covering over 98% of the World’s adult population
Nationally representative samples of size 1000 or greater of adult population 15 and older In countries where data is collected face-to-face – multi stage stratified
cluster samples In countries where data is collected over telephone – RDD or
nationally representative list of phone numbers Core questions asked across nations and over time to facilitate
trend analysis Regional and local questions that provide contextual data Interviewed more than 800,000 adults worldwide
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Life of Native Born versus Migrants
Gallup World Poll data collected in 2009 and 2010.
15 EU member states:Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom
Migrants experiences in several domains: subjective wellbeing, physical, financial, career, social, community, and national institutions
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Life of Native Born versus Migrants
25,380 interviews collected with individuals aged 15 and older via telephone or face-to-face Native born (N=23,032) Migrants who have lived in country five years or longer (Long-
timers; N=1,928) Migrants who have lived in country less than five years
(Newcomers; N=420)
Were you born in this country, or not? If not born in country, ask: In which country were you born? If not born in country, ask: Did you move to this country within the last five years?
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Evaluative Wellbeing
Please imagine a ladder with steps numbered from zero at the bottom to ten at the top. Suppose we say that the top of the ladder represents the best possible life for you, and the bottom of the ladder represents the worst possible life for you.
On which step of the ladder would you say you personally feel you stand at this time?
Just your best guess, on which step do you think you will stand in the future, say about five years from now?
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Migrants’ evaluative wellbeing lower than native born
6.63
6.015.89
7.03
6.656.76
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
Native born (born in country ofresidence)
Long-timers (migrants incountry 5 yrs or more)
Newcomers (migrants incountry less than 5 yrs)
Life evaluation, present Life evaluation, future
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Based on Cantril Self-Anchoring Striving Scale Note: Data are adjusted by age, gender, and education
Experiential Wellbeing: Migrants more likely than native born to report negative experiences
35%
20%
7%
34%
18%
41%
28%
11%
39%
24%
51%
34%
16%
45%
23%
0%
20%
40%
60%
Worry Sadness Depression Stress Anger
Native Born Long-timers Newcomers
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Note: Data are adjusted by age, gender, and education
Migrants’ financial well-being improves over time, but do not reach level of native born
7% 6%
33%
83%
14% 12%20%
72%
20% 17% 14%
71%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Not enough money tobuy food
Not enough money toprovide adequate
shelter
Living comfortablyon income
Satisfaction withstandard of living
Native born Long-timers Newcomers
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Note: Data are adjusted by age, gender, and education
Newcomers optimistic about job opportunities; migrants less likely than native born to say job is ideal
28%
88%
72%
32%
84%
57%
44%
85%
51%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Satisfaction with availabilityof good job opportunities
Satisfaction with the job* Ideal Job*
Native Born Long-timers Newcomers
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Note: Data are adjusted by age, gender, and education*Data collected in 2010 only, among those working
Migrants are more likely to plan starting business
30%
4%
34%
8%
42%
8%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Have you ever thought aboutstarting your own business?
Planning to start a businessin the next 12 months
Native born Long timers Newcomers
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Note: Data are adjusted by age, gender, and education
Migrants report fewer social connections than native born
6.25.7
5.3
9.4
7.3
8.0
5.05.56.06.57.07.58.08.59.09.5
10.0
Native born Long-timers Newcomers
Hours spent socially with friends and family yesterdayNumber of close frieds or relative you speak at least every two weeks
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Note: Data are adjusted by age, gender, and educationData collected in 2010 only
Long-timers international network wanes over time
93%
32%
88%
63%
78% 75%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Relatives or friends youcan count on
Relatives or friends in another country youcan count on
Native Born Long-timers Newcomers
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Note: Data are adjusted by age, gender, and education*Data collected in 2010 only
Institutional confidence highest among migrants, especially newcomers
42% 43%36%
52%
35%29%
50% 47%43%
56%
41% 38%
57%53%
59% 59%
43%39%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Nationalgovernment
Approval of countryleader
Quality andintegraty of media
Judicial system andcourt
Financialinstitutions and
banks
Government isdoing enough
fighting corruption
Native Born Long-timers Newcomers
Note: Data are adjusted by age, gender, and education
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Strong majorities in all three groups are positive about personal freedoms, meritocracy and youth development
72%77% 73%
82%72%
80%
72%
84%75%
83% 82%89%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
People in this countrycan get ahead by
working hard
Your freedom tochoose what you do
with your life
Children are treatedwith respect
Children haveopportunity to learn
and grow
Native Born Long-timers Newcomers
Note: Data are adjusted by age, gender, and education
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Personal gains and losses from migration
Compared the lives of migrants in the 15 European Union countries studied in 2009 and 2010 with the lives of those who fit the same demographic profile in their countries of birth.
Migrants included in the analysis born in 106 countries
Each migrant respondent was assigned “imputed” ratings based on his/her age, gender, education, and country of birth
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Personal gains and losses from migration
Gains and losses that migrant long-timers experience largely depend on the level of human development in their home countries. The bigger development gap between their home countries and EU country, the bigger the likely gains and losses for these migrants
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Gain: Evaluative wellbeing (present life)
6.52
5.85 5.88
6.35
5.71
5.24
5.00
5.50
6.00
6.50
7.00
7.50
8.00
HDI 1 HDI 2 HDI 3/4
EU Motherland
**
The Cantril Self-Anchoring Striving Scale
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Loss: More likely to report negative experiences
40%
28%
40%
34%30%
18%
24%19%
0%
20%
40%
60%
Worry Sadness Stress Anger
15 EU Countries Home Country
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Includes respondents born in HDI 3 / 4
Gain: lower corruption
50% 50%42%
6%
78% 81%
41%
25%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Corruption inbusiness
Corruption in govt Govt doing enough tofight corruption
Faced bribe situation
15 EU Countries Home Country
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Includes respondents born in HDI 3 / 4
Application of model to worldwide migrantsBy region where sample sizes large enough
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Next Steps
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